Oxaloacetate is the starting compound and end result of the citric acid cycle.
Citric acid cycle:The primary energy-yielding metabolic route in cells is the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which provides the majority of the reduced coenzymes that will be oxidized by the electron transport chain to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The pathway is occasionally referred to as the Krebs' cycle or the citric acid cycle after its discoverer, Sir Hans Krebs. Citric acid cycle occurs in the intracellular space or matrix of the mitochondria of eukaryotes.
The cycle serves as the primary mechanism for the interconversion of 4- and 5-carbon molecules in the cell, many of which originate from or are intermediates in the synthesis of amino acids, in addition to its function in energy-yielding metabolism and the oxidation of 2-carbon units. In the fasted state, the primary precursor for gluconeogenesis is oxaloacetate, a significant cycle intermediary.
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The water stored in the open spaces within underground rocks and unconsolidated material is called:_________
The water stored in the open spaces within underground rocks and unconsolidated material is called groundwater.It found underground in the cracks and space in soil, sand and rocks.
The word groundwater or underground water is used to express the area. It means aquifer although this term is usually used to described water - bearing formation capable of yielding enough water to supply people uses.
Groundwater is the stored water and moves slowly through high permeable membrane rocks called aquifers. Water that travels down from the soil surface to underground and collected in the space between sediments and the rocks, which filled the empty space and this is called as saturated zone.
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Please help ASAP!! Very confused
The three diagrams or images are pictures of female reproductive plant parts.
What is the first image?
The first diagram is an Ase.xual Spore. An ase.xual spore is Asexual spores can be shed outdoors or within a specific reproductive sac called a sporangium and are genetically identical to their parents.
Inhospitable environmental circumstances frequently lead to se.xual reproduction in fungus. When reproducing sexually, mycelium can either be homothallic or heterothallic.
What is the second image?The second diagram or Item B of the plant is called the Ovule.
What is the Ovule of a plant?Ovules are held or contained in the carpal, the bottom portion of the pistil (eggs). the region of the flower that develops into a fruit after fertilization of the ovarian ovules, or eggs.
In order words, the Ovule is the part of a flowering plant that produces female reproductive cells.
What is the Third Image?The third image is a juxtaposition of subfamilies
Campanuloideae and Lobelioideae.To the left is a cross section of a common ovary in the subfamily of the plant genus called Lobelioideae. It depict 2 locules and numerous axile ovules.
On the right is a common ovary of the Campanuloideae with locules that are five in number and numerous axile ovules. There is also traces of milky sap on the cut surface.
What is a locule?A locule is any of several tiny, distinct chambers, particularly in an ovary.
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When an enzyme's activity is inactivated by heat or a change in pH, the enzyme is said to be When an enzyme's activity is inactivated by heat or a change in pH, the enzyme is said to be
Answer:
denatured
Explanation:
I hope this help
A ddntp is often used in the sanger sequencing process. Compared to the normal dna precursors, ddntps lack a(n)___________ at the _____________ carbon
The ddNTP lacks the oxygen atom at 3' carbon in addition to at the 2'carbon which is lacking in the dNTP.
What is Sanger sequencing?It is a chain termination method developed by Frederick Sanger and colleagues in 1977.
The process to determine the sequence of nucleotide bases in a part of a DNA molecule is called DNA sequencing. In the process of Sanger sequencing, the DNA molecule to be sequenced is copied multiple times by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
This creates DNA fragments of different lengths. Fluorescent labelled dideoxynucleotides are then used to terminate further chain formation.
This process marks the end of fragments and allows sequence determination. Therefore, a ddNTP is used in the Sanger Sequencing process. Compared to the normal DNA precursors, ddNTP lacks oxygen at the 3' carbon.
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During inspiration, the intrapulmonary pressure is the atmospheric pressure. At this point the intrapulmonary pressure is __________________ that intrapleural pressure.
During inspiration , the intrapulmonary pressure is the atmospheric pressure. At this point the intrapulmonary pressure is greater that intrapleural pressure.
Air flows into the lungs largely due to difference in pressure , atmospheric pressure is greater than infra-alveolar pressure . It is changes during the different phases of breathing because the alveolar which connected to atmosphere via tubing of airways.Due to certain characteristics of the lungs the intrapleural pressure is always lower than or negative to the intra-alveolar pressure.
Intrapleural pressure air within the pleura cavity , Intra- alveolar pressure, between the visceral and parietal pleurae, , intrapleural pressure which is also changes during the different phases of breathing and due to certain characteristics of the lungs, the intra-alveolar pressure .
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The immune system not only fights pathogens; it also fights foreign cells, such as those introduced during tissue transplantation. this type of immune reaction is called?
The immune system not only fights pathogens; it also fights foreign cells, such as those introduced during tissue transplantation. this type of immune reaction is called Graft rejection or transplant rejection .
The immune system of the person who gets an organ after transplant surgery may alert them to the foreign nature of the organ. This occurs when the immune system of the patient notices that the antigens on the organ's cells are "mismatched."
Blood transfusion reactions or transplant rejection can be caused by mismatched or imperfectly matched organs. Doctors match the organ recipient and donor in order to lessen the likelihood of this reaction.
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The immune system not only fights pathogens; it also fights foreign cells, such as those introduced during tissue transplantation. This type of immune reaction is called Transplant or Graft rejection.
Rejection occurs when the recipient’s immune system recognizes the donor tissue as foreign or non-self, thereby, triggering an immune response. The major histocompatibility complex markers MHC I and MHC II which are more specifically known as Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs), play an important role in transplant rejection.
The immune response linked with a transplanted organ consists of both cellular (lymphocyte mediated) and humoral (antibody mediated) mechanisms. Although other cell types are also involved, the T cells are central in the rejection of grafts.
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What are the chemical changes that occur in your blood that will potentially stimulate an increase in ventilation during and shortly after exercise?
More CO2 and H+ is generated, enhancing oxygen unloading in the muscles in the process.
When you exercise and your muscles work harder, your body uses more oxygen and produces more carbon dioxide. To cope with this extra demand, your breathing has to increase from about 15 times a minute when you are resting, up to about 40–60 times a minute during exercise.
The gas exchange requirements of the lung increase due to an increased oxygen consumption and increased carbon dioxide production. In addition, both the respiratory rate and tidal volume increase, hence alveolar ventilation also increases. This increases the rate of gas exchange and minute volume.
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What is a religious custom
When a custom contains a religious component and includes the communal expression of religious life outside of the Church's formal liturgy, it is referred to as a religious custom.
A custom is an action that is typically repeated in the same way on related occasions and is influenced by local tradition.
When it contains religious meaning and includes the community expression of religious life outside of the Church's formal liturgy, it is referred to as a religious custom.
It demonstrates how the objective salvific event permeates peoples' subjective experiences in various ways according to their age, country, and region.
Subjective piety is produced by those who have mystical religious tendencies.
Sermons, remembering a god or gods' deeds, sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trance, rituals, liturgies, ceremonies, worship, initiations, funerals, marriages, mediation, invocation, mediumship, music, art, dance, community service, or other aspects of human culture can all be included in a religion's practice.
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In the dna isolation process, ________ is used to break down the protein complexes and allow the dna molecules to easily precipitate.
In the DNA isolation process, ice cold 95% ethanol is used to break down the protein complexes and allow the DNA molecules to easily precipitate.
What is separation and isolation of DNA fragments?
The cutting of DNA by restriction endonucleases results in the fragments of DNA. These fragments can be separated by a technique known as gel electrophoresis.Since, DNA fragments are negatively charged molecules they can be separated by forcing them to move towards the anode under an electric field through a medium/matrix.The most commonly used matrix is agarose which is a natural polymer extracted from sea weeds.The DNA fragments separate (resolve) according to their size through sieving effect provided by the agarose gel. Hence, the smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves.The separated DNA fragments can be visualised only after staining the DNA with a compound known as ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiation (you cannot see pure DNA fragments in the visible light and without staining). We can see bright orange coloured bands of DNA in a ethidium bromide stained gel exposed to UV light.The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. This step is known as elution.The DNA fragments purified in this way are used in constructing recombinant DNA by joining them with cloning vectors.To learn more about DNA isolation process: brainly.com/question/18316109
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Which condition would most likely lead to an increase in the frequency of an altruistic behavior in a population?.
The beneficiaries of the behavior are related to the individual performing it. Groups that differ in terms of altruistic and selfish genotypes have differential reproduction or survival.
What is Altruistic behavior ?Altruism is the practise of acting in a way that benefits another person at the expense of oneself. Giving someone else your lunch, for instance, is altruistic since it satisfies their need while also leaving you hungry.
Nepotistic altruism, reciprocal altruism (or mutualism), group-based altruism, and moral altruism are the four categories of altruism.
Along with cortical areas like the medial prefrontal cortex and the temporoparietal junction, the desire to act altruistically is linked to higher activity in limbic areas like the nucleus accumbens and anterior cingulate cortex.Learn more about Altruistic behavior here:
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The _____ stage lasts approximately _____ week(s), beginning at conception.
a. fetal; 9
b. embryonic; 4
c. neonatal; 1
d. germinal; 2
The embryonic stage lasts approximately 4 week(s), beginning at conception. Details about stages of development can be found below.
What are the stages of development?The stages of development of a human is summarized into four stages as follows:
Embryonic stageGerminal stageFetal stageIn the embryonic stage of development, which occurs after conception, the baby is called an embryo. Embryonic stage lasts 4 weeks.
During the embryonic stage, the cells of the embryo (called embryonic stem cells) multiply and develop. They become the hundreds of different types of cells needed to make a whole human body.
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An analogy of the hypothalamus would be?
Answer choices:
Police force of a country
Major cities of a country
Citizens of a country
The Michael Jackson of a country
Legislative body of a country
An analogy of the hypothalamus would be the police force of a country.
What is the hypothalamus?The hypothalamus is one of the major regions of the brain. It functions as the smart control center of the body.
The hypothalamus controls body physiology and ensures that the normal range of operation of physiological processes is not exceeded. In other words, it keeps orderliness in physiological processes.
For example, the normal range of human body temperature is 36.5 to 37 degrees celsius. Once this range is breached, the hypothalamus activates the body system to return it back to normal.
This is comparable to the work of the police force of a country. They keep law and order. They ensure that laws are not broken and when they are, they ensure swift action to restore normalcy.
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To which hemisphere of the brain would the signals go when light reflects off an object and stimulates the retina of the region of the left eyeball closest to the nose?
When light reflects off an object and stimulates the retina of region of left eyeball closest to the nose, the signals would go to the right hemisphere of the brain.
The arrangement of human brain is in a way that the left part of our body is controlled by the right hemisphere and the right part of the body is controlled by the left hemisphere. However, the eye functions a bit different from the specified general phenomenon.
Both the halves of the brain receive information from each eye.
The objects seen by our left eye is sensed by the right half of our left eye and the information is sent to the right hemisphere.
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A 7 Tesla scanner, or 7T scanner is preferable to a 3T scanner in what scenarios?
Choices:
When we need a BOLD signal
When higher voxel resolution is required
When higher pixel resolution is required
To get Elon Musk's attention
C. The scenario described when a 7 Tesla scanner, or 7T scanner is used instead of 3T scanner is, "when higher pixel resolution is required"
What is pixel resolution?Pixels per inch and pixels per centimeter are measurements of the pixel density of an electronic image device, such as a computer monitor or television display, or image digitizing device such as a camera or image scanner.
A 7 Tesla scanner, or 7T scanner is preferable to a 3T scanner because the 7 Tesla scanner gives higher pixel resolution when compared to 3 Tesla scanner.
Thus, the scenario described when a 7 Tesla scanner, or 7T scanner is used instead of 3T scanner is, "when higher pixel resolution is required".
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If you sorted 200 flies by eye color and body color, how many whole flies out of that 200 would you expect to exhibit each of the four phenotypes?
9:3:3:1 is the ratio.
From the given data,
We have a 9.8 two, ratio since we have 49/5, 15/5, 18/5, and 5/5.
This ratio resembles nine a little bit, which is what we inferred from the opposition's score.
When the two relevant genes exhibit independent assortment, this is the result. Therefore, the chromosomes/genes are not connected.
We are finally getting a ratio of 9:3:3:1
In flies, two possible outcomes for the body color phenotype is black and brown.
Whereas in eye color we have white eye and red eye.
Here, white eye is recessive and red eye is dominant
What does the independent assortment law entail? According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, the alleles of two or more distinct genes are independently selected into gametes. In other words, an allele for one gene does not affect the allele for another gene that a gamete acquires.Where can I find independent assortment?Meiosis I of gamete production, when homologous pairs line up in random orientations at the center of the cell as they prepare to split, provides the physical foundation for the law of independent assortment.
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The basement membrane between the epidermis and dermis provides for adhesion and serves which function regarding molecule transportation?
A Final statement or concluding statement
Keratinocytes and fibroblasts' adhesion, mobility, and proliferation are controlled by the basement membrane. It also gives the epidermis structural stability.
What is epidermis?The epidermis is the thin, outer layer of skin that is visible to the eye and acts to protect the body. The epidermal layers comprise the stratum basale (the epidermis's lowest layer), the stratum spinosum, the stratum granulosum, the stratum lucidum, and the stratum corneum (the most superficial portion of the epidermis).
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The aymara indians, who live in the mountains of bolivia, have become biologically adapted to their environment by being:________
The Aymara Indians, who live in the mountains of Bolivia, have become biologically adapted to their environment by being: short-legged and barrel-chested and surviving on lower oxygen content.
Anthropologists have routinely characterized the Aymara of the altiplano (high Andean plateau) around Lake Titicaca in southern Peru as almost pathologically inflexible and fatalistic. Yet during the last few decades, these people, who live in a flood and drought-prone region at an altitude of 12,500 ft., have shown a remarkable ability to adapt to a challenging environment
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Acid rain is an example of ________ deposition. photochemical industrial dry wet aerosol.
Acid rain is an example acid of deposition. Photochemical industry dry wet aerosol. It is appear in many forms . Wet deposition is rain, sleet, snow and fog that has become more acidic than normal.
Dry deposition is another form of acid deposition and this is when gases and dust particles become acidic. Gases such as - sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides change into acids when they contact with water.
When emission from the combustion of fossil fuel and other industrial processes undergo complex chemical reaction in the atmosphere and fall to the earth is wet deposition or dry deposition like - dry particles , gas.
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The tissue from which all other connective tissue eventually rises is called?
Answer:
Mesenchyme
Explanation:
All other connective tissues eventually arise from mesenchyme
hopefully this helps :)
The tissue from which all other connective tissue eventually rises is called mesenchyme.
Undifferentiated connective tissue includes mesenchyme, also known as mesenchymal connective tissue. Although it may come from other germ layers, such as mesenchyme made from neural crest cells, it is mostly formed from the embryonic mesoderm (ectoderm). Multipotent stem cells called mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are located in bone marrow and are crucial for the development and maintenance of skeletal tissues like cartilage, bone, and the fat that makes up bone marrow. While essential to morphogenesis during development, mesenchyme is typically a transitive tissue that is absent from mature animals.Mesenchymal stem cells are an exception; they can be found in trace amounts in bone marrow, lipids, muscles, and the dental pulp of infant teeth.
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A body of underground water, usually comprised of water saturated regolith, is permeable, and replenishes lakes and streams, is known as a(n) __________
A body of underground water, usually comprised of water saturated regolith, is permeable, and replenishes lakes and streams, is known as a aquifer.
Groundwater to be able to get into a rock with good porosity it must also have good permeability. For a rock to be permeable and for water to move through it, the pore spaces between the grains in the rock must be connected. Permeability is therefore a measure of the ability of water to move through a rock.
An aquifer is a body of rock and/or sediment that holds groundwater. Groundwater is the word used to describe precipitation that has infiltrated the soil beyond the surface and collected in empty spaces underground. There are two general types of aquifers confined and unconfined.
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Migration of a random few individuals from one population to a new area to establish a new population is an example of:__________
Founder effect is the example of migration of a random few individuals from one population to a new area to establish a new population.Thus, option C is correct.
What is migration?
Migration is defined as movement of individuals from one place to another in search of employment and livelihood.Some people lives permanently after migration and some returns back to the native place.
Internal migration is the type of migration in which people migrate within state and country.
External migration is the migration to different state and country.
The phenomenon of moving into new place is known as immigration.
Seasonal migration is the migration in which animals or humans migrate in a particular season due to climatic condition.
Therefore,migration of a random few individuals from one population to a new area to establish a new population is an example of founder effect.
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The question is seems to be incomplete the question is may be like that
Migration of a random few individuals from one population to a new area to establish a new population is an example of _
A) bottleneck effect
B) mutation
C) founder effect
D) selection
suggest a stimulus to the hand that could start a reflex response
Answer: The nerve pathway followed by a reflex action is called a reflex arc
Explanation: For example, a simple reflex arc happens if we accidentally touch something hot. Receptor in the skin detects a stimulus (the change in temperature).
Select the correct answer. a cell has damaged dna. which checkpoint is responsible for checking this? a. m checkpoint b. g2 checkpoint c. g1 checkpoint
The answer is B: G2 checkpoint.
What is DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is an organic chemical that includes genetic information and education for protein synthesis. It is found in most cells of every organism. DNA is a key part of repetition in which genetic heredity appears through the demise of DNA from parent or parents to children.DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material in humans and nearly all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person's body has the same DNA.DNA is made of chemical structure blocks called nucleotides. These building partnerships are made of three parts: a phosphate status, a sugar group, and one of four types of nitrogen bases. To form a strand of DNA, nucleotides are connected into chains, with the phosphate and sugar groups rotating.To learn more about DNA, refer to:
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The unique chemical structure of the cell wall of mycobacterium spp. is associated with the presence of:______.
The unique chemical structure of the cell wall of mycobacterium spp. is associated with the presence of N-glycolyl muramic acid and an increase in lipid content.
Mycobacteria have strong, four-layered cell walls that are exceedingly thick. Peptidoglycan makes up the first layer, whereas lipids make up the subsequent layers. In order to maintain appropriate osmotic stability, peptidoglycan performs crucial activities like stiffness and rigidity. Bacteria are resistant to environments that are acidic and alkaline due to the presence of lipids.
All Mycobacterium species can be identified by their thicker cell walls, which are waxy, hydrophobic and abundant in mycolic acids. This is a characteristic that sets them apart from many other bacterial species. The mycolic acids make the mycobacterium less prone to antibiotics. Additionally, these molecules aid the bacteria in tricking the immune system and then hiding from it.
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A scientist is researching Cystic Fibrosis. He is
studying what type of disease?
A. Somatic disease
B. Chromosomal disease
C. Single-Gene disease
D. Multifactorial disease
he is studying Somatic disease.
The arrangement of homeotic genes along chromosomes of vertebrate and invertebrate animals corresponds to the expression pattern of the genes along the __________ axis of the developing embryo
The arrangement of homeotic genes along chromosomes of vertebrate and invertebrate animals corresponds to the expression pattern of the genes along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing embryo.
What are homeotic genes?Homeotic genes are a group of body pattern forming genes which control the development along the anterior- posterior axis of the developing embryo.These encode transcription factors which control and specify the genes involved in body patterning. These provide identity to the segments during embryo formation.Genes located in the 5’ end act on posterior side whereas the genes on 3’ end act on anterior region.Homeotic genes are evolutionary conserved and control body specification, patterning and differentiation.The loss of function of any of the gene changes the body pattern and affects the development.Learn more about homeotic genes here:
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Nimodipine is a lipid-insoluble ca2 channel antagonist that can recognize dihydropyridine receptors. what effect might it have on cardiac contractile cells?
The impact of Nimodipine on cardiac contractile cells is that Ca[tex]2^{+}[/tex] would enter into the cell independent of electrical stimulation and would stimulate Ca[tex]2^{+}[/tex] release to produce more frequent cardiac muscle contractions.
The voltage-gated L-type calcium channels located on the smooth muscle cells of arterial blood arteries are what dihydropyridines bind to and block to function. Voltage-gated L-type calcium channels are ones that typically open in response to an electrical signal, often known as an action potential.
A calcium channel blocker, nimodipine. Calcium ions, which enter smooth muscle cells as slow ionic transmembrane currents after depolarization, are necessary for the contractile actions of these cells. It's likely that Nimodipine will improve the cardiovascular effects of other calcium channel blockers.
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When a dna change converts an amino acid codon to a different amino acid codon. What type of mutation is this?
A(n) __________ is a layer of protein or glycoprotein that exhibits a pattern resembling floor tiles.
A coating of protein or glycoprotein that looks like floor tiles is called an "S-layer."
Description of "S-layer":
A paracrystalline surface layer(S-layer) serves as the most prevalent kind of cell wall in varieties of Archaea. It is made up of a layer that is consistently organized and is made of molecules of protein or glycoprotein that lock together. possesses a tile-like pattern in electron micrographs. S-layers typically range in thickness from 5 to 25 nm and feature similar holes that are 2 to 8 nm in diameter, however, this depends on the species. S-layers have been discovered in a number of bacterial species.
Functions and importance of "S-layer" in infection-causing bacteria:
Numerous potential uses for the S-layer have been mentioned. They consist of the following-
The S-layer may shield bacteria from dangerous enzymes, and pH fluctuations, the carnivorous microbe Bdellovibrio, is a parasitic microbe that really exploits its motility to infiltrate other bacteria and proliferate within its cell, and from phages.The S-layer can operate as an adhesin, allowing the bacteria to colonize and withstand washing by adhering to host tissues and external sites.The S-layer may increase virulence by shielding the bacteria from phagocytosis and complement assault.A coarse molecular filter might be formed by the S-layer.Learn more about S-layer here:
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Which proteins can activate free nerve endings, such as itch receptors and nociceptors?
Kinins, antigens, histamines, potassium ions, prostaglandins can activate free nerve endings. Thus, option A, B, C, D, E are correct.
What is nociceptors ?
A specialized receptor in some first order neurons activated through various noxious stimuli known as nociceptors.
These receptors are unencapsulated cutaneous receptors as It is located at the free nerve endings of the primary afferent neuron.
It can be seen in the skin, muscle, joints, bone, and some brain parts.
There are different types of nociceptors such as mechanical, Chemical, Thermal, mechano-thermal nociceptors and Polymodal nociceptors.
Hence, option A,B,C,D and E are correct.
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Your question was incomplete. The probable question was
Which proteins can activate free nerve endings, such as itch receptors and nociceptors? Select all that apply.
Select one or more:
acetylcholine
histamines
prostaglandins
kinins
glucose
potassium ions
antigens