Answer:
The energy stored in an inductor is given as:
EL=1/2 LI ²
So, when the current is doubled, the energy stored in the inductor will become 4 times.
If you wanted to see a star behind an interstellar dust cloud, what "colour" of light should you look for?
RED colour of light you should look for if you wanted to see a star behind the interstellar cloud.
In our galaxy and other galaxies, an interstellar cloud is often a buildup of gas, plasma, and dust. In other words, an interstellar cloud is a portion of the interstellar medium (ISM), the matter and radiation that is present in the space between star systems in a galaxy, that is denser than typical.
Interstellar dust has an extremely saturated orange to brownish-red tint that turns saturated red when there is a modest quantity of hydrogen emission.
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how to solve this? help
The resistance value of the sliding rheostat is 15 ohms.
What is resistance?
Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit. Resistance is measured in ohms.
Total resistance of the circuitThe total resistance of the circuit can be calculated from the total current in the circuit and the total voltage in the circuit.
R = V/I
R = 50 /2
R = 25 ohms
Resistance value of the sliding rheostatThe resistance value of the sliding rheostat is calculated as follows;
R(rheostat) = 25 ohms - 10 ohms = 15 ohms
Thus, the resistance value of the sliding rheostat is 15 ohms.
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Block 2 has four times the mass of Block 1. Assume a frictionless pulley and that both the rope and pulley are massless. Use g=9.8 m/s2.
Calculate the magnitude of acceleration of the blocks.
The magnitude of acceleration of the block is 5.88 m/s²
Block and tackle system of pulleysPulley are often used in construction sites to raise or lower heavy load. Pulley system is one of the most widely used type of machine. and Block and tackle system of pulleys is the practical system of pulleys in which one or more pulleys are mounted on the same axle, with one continuous rope passing all round the pulleys.
Given that Block 2 has four times the mass of Block 1. Assume a frictionless pulley and that both the rope and pulley are massless and g = 9.8 m/s2.
That means M2 = 4M1
The acceleration will be toward the M1
To calculate the magnitude of acceleration of the blocks, we will consider the following
T - [tex]m_{1}[/tex]g = [tex]m_{1}[/tex]a ...... (1)
T - [tex]m_{2}[/tex]g = -[tex]m_{2}[/tex]a ..... (2)
Where
T = tension in the rope which is the same g = acceleration due to gravity[tex]m_{1}[/tex] = mass of the block 1[tex]m_{2}[/tex] = mass of the bloc 2a = accelerationMinus equation 2 from equation 1
( [tex]m_{1}[/tex] + [tex]m_{2}[/tex] )a = ( [tex]m_{2}[/tex] - [tex]m_{1}[/tex])g
But [tex]m_{2}[/tex] = 4[tex]m_{1}[/tex]
Substitute in the equation above.
([tex]m_{1}[/tex] + 4[tex]m_{1}[/tex])a = (4[tex]m_{1}[/tex] - [tex]m_{1}[/tex])g
5[tex]m_{1}[/tex]a = 3[tex]m_{1}[/tex]g
[tex]m_{1}[/tex] will cancel out
5a = 3 x 9.8
a = 29.4/5
a = 5.88 m/s²
Therefore, the magnitude of acceleration of the block is 5.88 m/s²
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What is the name given to the portion of the electrocardiogram between two waves?.
Segment
The space between two waves is known as a segment in an ECG. Beginning at the end of the P wave and ending at the beginning of the QRS complex is the PR segment. Beginning at the end of the QRS wave and ending at the beginning of the T wave is the ST segment.
What is ECG ?An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a quick test that can be used to examine the electrical activity and rhythm of your heart. The electrical signals that your heart beats out each time it beats are picked up by sensors that are affixed to your skin.
A test that captures the electrical activity of the heart is called an electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG shows what is occurring in various heart regions and aids in identifying any issues with heart rate or rhythm.Learn more about ECG here:
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Wolfgang pauli hypothesized an exclusion principle. This principle says two electrons in an atom cannot have the same what?.
No two electrons in an atom or molecule may have the same four electronic quantum numbers, according to the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Only two electrons can fit into an orbital at a time, hence they must have opposing spins.
What is Pauli's exclusion principle ?According to Pauli's Exclusion Principle, no two electrons in the same atom can have values for all four of their quantum numbers that are exactly the same. In other words, two electrons in the same orbital must have opposing spins and no more than two electrons can occupy the same orbital.
The reason it is known as the exclusion principle is because it states that all other electrons in an atom are excluded if one electron in the atom has the same specific values for all four quantum numbers.Learn more about Pauli's exclusion principle here:
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What is the maximum electric field strength in an electromagnetic wave that has a maximum magnetic field strength of (about 10 times earth’s magnetic field)?
The maximum electric field strength in an electromagnetic wave that has a maximum magnetic field strength of 5 × 10^-4 T (about 10 times earth’s magnetic field) is 15 × 10^4 V/m
Given,
Maximum magnetic field strength, [tex]B_{max}[/tex] = 5 × 10^-4 T
Then,
Maximum electric field strength, [tex]E_{max}[/tex] = [tex]B_{max}[/tex] c
Where, c is the speed of light
Substituting all values in formula, we get,
[tex]E_{max}[/tex] = 5 × 10^-4 × 3 × 10^8
= 15 ×× 10^4 V/m
Concept
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How should the magnetic field lines be drawn for the magnets shown below?
Option B is the correct answer that show how magnetic field lines should be drawn for the magnets shown in the figure.
What is Magnetic Line of Force ?The Magnetic Line of Force of a magnet is defined as the line along which a free N - pole would tend to move if placed in the field of a line such that the tangent to it at any point gives the direction of the field at that point.
When the two unlike poles are placed to each other, there will be attraction. And when the two like poles are placed to each other, there will be repulsion. The reason is that the line of force tend to move from the north pole to the south pole.
From the given diagram, the two magnets are of the same south pole. They are of like pole and there will be repulsion between the two magnets.
Therefore, Option B is the correct answer that show how magnetic field lines should be drawn for the magnets shown in the figure.
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Answer: B
Explanation:
I got the question right
Light of a given wavelength is used to illuminate the surface of a metal, however, no photoelectrons are emitted. in order to cause electrons to be ejected from the surface of this metal you should:_________
We will decrease the wavelength of light in order to cause electrons to be ejected from the surface of this metal.
We have a Light of a given wavelength that is used to illuminate the surface of a metal, however, no photoelectrons are emitted.
We have to find out what can we do in order to cause electrons to be ejected from the surface of this metal.
What is Photoelectric Effect ?The emission of electrons from the surface of the metal when the light of specific frequency (greater than the threshold frequency) falls over it is called photoelectric effect.
Light consists of photons. The energy associated with the photons is used to emit out the electrons from the surface of metal. We know that - Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed and it can only be transferred from one body to another. Hence, the energy of these moving photons is used to emit electrons from the metal surface. The energy associated with the photon is given by -
E = hμ
Where - μ is the frequency of light an h is Planck's constant.
Now, we can see that the energy of the photon is directly proportional to the frequency of light. The minimum frequency required to eject the electron from the metal surface is called Threshold frequency. Thus, we can emit the electron from the metal surface by using the light of frequency greater than threshold frequency.
Hence, we will increase the frequency of light in order to cause electrons to be ejected from the surface of this metal
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To determine whether a celestial body is approaching or receding from earth, astronomers employ?
To determine whether a celestial body is approaching or receding from Earth, astronomers employ The Doppler principle.
There is a Doppler effect for both light and sound.
For instance, astronomers regularly measure the amount to which a star or galaxy's light is "stretched" towards the lower frequency, red region of the spectrum to calculate how quickly the object is travelling away from us.
A wave's frequency changes in response to an observer moving in respect to the wave source, which is known as the Doppler effect or Doppler shift.
The Doppler effect results from the fact that as the wave source moves in the direction of the observer, the crest of each succeeding wave emerges from a location that is closer to the observer than the crest of the previous wave.
As a result, each wave travels to the observer slightly faster than the one before it. As a result, the interval between successive wave crests arriving at the observer is shorter, increasing the frequency.
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Wolfgang pauli hypothesized an exclusion principle. This principle says two electrons in an atom cannot have the same what?.
No two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers .
What is Wolfgang Pauli hypothesized an exclusion principle?Pauli made a significant advance when he proposed the notion of adding a fourth quantum number to the three that were previously used to represent the quantum state of an electron. Physically speaking, the first three quantum numbers made sense since they had to do with how the electron moved about the nucleus.
The following rule was developed by Austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli. The quantum numbers of any two electrons cannot be identical.
To put it another way, no two electrons can be in the same state. The Pauli exclusion principle is the name given to this proposition since it forbids electrons from being in the same state.
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Suppose there were no solar wind. How would the appearance of a comet in our inner solar system be different?.
If there were no solar wind, then the appearance of a comet in our inner solar system would be different because it would have only one tail instead of two.
What is a comet?A comet is a celestial body that travels across the Universe and releases gases when warms by passing near the stars such as the Sun.
Comet tail is the result of gas and dust due to this process of warming, which is directly related to solar winds.
In conclusion, if there were no solar wind, then the appearance of a comet in our inner solar system would be different because it would have only one tail instead of two.
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The current through a certain heater wire is found to be fairly independent of its temperature. If the current through the heater wire is doubled, the amount of energy delivered by the heater in a given time interval will.
The amount of energy delivered by the heater in a given time interval will be increase by a factor of four
Given:
Current in wire = I
current is double = 2I
To Find:
amount of energy delivered by the heater
Solution:
Scientists define energy as the ability to do work.
The unit of energy is the joule, the unit of power is the watt, and the unit of time is the second.
E = Power x Time = P x T
P = (I)^2 x T
E' = (2I)^2 x T
E' 4I^2T
E' = 4E
So, amount of energy delivered by the heater will be four time initial energy
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Abu Dhabi classical FM Radio station Broadcasts on a frequency of 91.6 MHz calculate the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter. Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does it belongs?
Answer:
C=F×W
so, W=C/F
Explanation:
frequency=F
wavelength=W
speed of light =C in that medium
You found a thermometer in the Marketplace that you think will add more value to your visualizations than the gauge you are using. Which values will you have when you add the thermometer?
A thermometer visualization is often used to represent progress towards a goal, target, or limit.
A thermometer typically a vertical bar or column that resembles a thermometer, with a scale indicating the range of values.
As you mentioned, you are considering replacing a gauge with a thermometer for your visualizations.
The values that you would have when using a thermometer visualization would include:
Current Value: This is the data point you are tracking or measuring. It could be anything that you want to represent visually, such as sales, progress, temperature, etc.
Target or Goal: The value you are aiming to achieve. This represents the desired end point of your progress or measurement.
Maximum Value: The upper limit of the thermometer's scale. This could represent the maximum value that is possible or feasible for your data.
Minimum Value: The lower limit of the thermometer's scale. This sets the starting point for your visualization.
Scale Increments: The divisions on the thermometer that indicate different levels of progress. These could be marked with specific values or simply represent proportional divisions.
Units: The units in which your data is measured. For example, if you're tracking sales, the units could be dollars, while for temperature, it could be degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.
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An object having a fixed emissivity of 0. 725 radiates heat at a rate of 10 w when it is at an absolute temperature t. If its temperature is doubled to 2t, at what rate will it now radiate?.
If the temperature is doubled to 2t, the rate at which it will now radiate is 160 W.
What is meant by emissivity?The ability of a substance to reflect heat radiation from its surface is measured by its emissivity. Thermal radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation that includes infrared radiation, which the human eye cannot perceive, as well as visible radiation (light). According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, emissivity is the quantitative comparison between the thermal radiation of a surface and that of an ideal black surface at a given temperature. Between 0 and 1 is the ratio's range.What is energy radiation?The emissivity of a substance is a measurement of how well it reflects heat radiation from its surface. Two elements that affect power dissipation in the form of radiation are the material's surface emissivity and the temperature difference between the chip surface and the surrounding air.To learn more about emissivity visit:
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The lift on a spinning circular cylinder in a freestream with a velocity of 50m/s and at standard sea level conditions is 10n/m of span. calculate the circulation around the cylinder
The circulation around the cylinder is 0.163Js/kg.
To find the answer, we have to know more about the stream flow.
How to find the circulation around the cylinder?We have,[tex]v=50m/s\\L=10N/m\\d=1.23kg/m^3[/tex] , where d is the density at the sea level.
We have the expression for lift per unit circulation as,[tex]L=dvc\\[/tex]
Thus, the circulation around the cylinder is,[tex]c=\frac{L}{dv} =\frac{10}{1.23*50}=0.163Js/kg[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that, the circulation around the cylinder is 0.163Js/kg.
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A process with a negative change in enthalpy and a negative change in entropy will generally be:________
A process with a negative change in enthalpy and a negative change in entropy will generally be: spontaneous.
Gibbs free energy:Since the Gibbs free energy is a parameter that tells us whether a chemical reaction is spontaneous (Gibbs free energy less than 0) or nonspontaneous (Gibbs free energy greater than 0) in this situation, we can describe it mathematically as:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
Therefore, any process with a negative change in enthalpy and a positive change in entropy will be spontaneous. If the enthalpy and the entropy are both negative, the subtraction becomes always negative, for which the Gibbs free energy is also negative.
One of the most crucial thermodynamic functions for the characterization of a system is the Gibbs free energy. It influences results like the voltage of an electrochemical cell and the equilibrium constant for a reversible reaction, among others.
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In general, which lens had the largest overall magnification (enlarged more than reduced)?
Convex lens had the largest overall magnification .
In optics, It is a quantification of comparing the size of the image with respect to the size of the object. It gives us information about the image in terms of how large or small is the image formed. Magnification is defined as the ratio of the height of image to the height of object.
The convex lens has the largest overall magnification. To get maximum magnification by convex lens object must be placed between center of curvature and pole of the lens .
Magnifying glasses make objects appear larger because their convex lenses (convex means curved outward) refract or bend light rays, so that they converge or come together.
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If a radioactive decay produced 2. 05 × 1011 j of energy, how much mass was lost in the reaction?
The mass lost in the reaction is 0.227 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] Kg
The energy that is released during a nuclear reaction can be related to the mass lost using the Einstein equation.
E = m[tex]c^{2}[/tex] by Einstein demonstrates that matter and energy are only two different manifestations of the same thing. It also demonstrates how much energy (E) can fit into a relatively small mass (m) of matter. Nuclear processes convert matter into energy, yet the combined amount of mass and energy remains constant.
Given that;
E = Δ[tex]mc^{2}[/tex]
Δm = [tex]\frac{ E}{c^{2} }[/tex]
Δm = 2. 05 × 10^11 J/( 3 × 10^8)^2
Δm = 0.227 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] Kg
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A resistor dissipates 2. 00 ww when the rms voltage of the emf is 15. 0 vv. part a at what rms voltage will the resistor dissipate 14. 0 ww ?
At rms voltage ([tex]V_{rms}[/tex]) = 39.59V resistor will dissipate 14.0W.
The term "alternating current" (AC) describes a current in which the voltage and current both take the shape of sinusoidal waves. Root mean square value is indicated by the letter "rms." Both the mean voltage and mean current of an alternating circuit are represented by it.
Also, power dissipated is
P = [tex]V^{2} _{rms}[/tex] / R
2 = [tex]15^{2}[/tex] / R
2 = [tex]\frac{225}{R}[/tex]
R = 112Ω
If P = 14 W,
[tex]V^{2} _{rms}[/tex] = PR
[tex]V^{2} _{rms}[/tex] = 14×112
[tex]V^{2} _{rms}[/tex] = √1568 = 39.59V
Therefore, at rms voltage ([tex]V_{rms}[/tex]) = 39.59V resistor will dissipate 14.0W.
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Light has been measured as traveling at 3×108 m/s in a vacuum. Which of the following also travels at the speed of light, and why?
A
Ultrasound waves in a vacuum travel at the speed of light because there is no matter to reduce their speed.
B
Radio waves in a vacuum travel at the speed of light because they are a type of electromagnetic radiation like light.
C
Electrons in a current carrying wire travel at the speed of light because they have very little mass.
D
Gas particles at the center of an atomic explosion travel at the speed of light because the explosion creates an extreme outward force.
Radio waves in a vacuum travel at the speed of light because they are a type of electromagnetic radiation like a light has been measured as traveling at 3×10^8 m/s in a vacuum.
Charged particles that are accelerating, like time-varying electric currents, are what produce radio waves. Radio and television signals are transmitted using radio waves, and microwaves used in radar and microwave ovens are also radio waves. Radio waves are emitted by a lot of celestial bodies, including pulsars. High RF exposure levels have the potential to heat biological tissue and raise body temperature. The body's inability to handle or remove the extra heat that could be generated by high RF exposure in humans could result in tissue damage.
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At what rate would the current in a 100-mh inductor have to change to induce an emf of 1000 v?
The current must change at a rate of [tex]10^{4}[/tex] A/sec to induce an emf of 1000 volts.
We have a inductor of inductance 100 millihenry.
We have to calculate at what rate the current in the inductor have to change to induce an emf of 1000 Volts.
What is the faraday's law of induced voltage?According to the faraday's law of induced voltage, the voltage induced in the conductor present in the time changing magnetic field is directly proportional to the negative of the rate of change of magnetic flux passing through it per unit time. Mathematically -
ε = [tex]- N\frac{d\phi}{dt}[/tex]
Where -
ε is the induced voltage
N is the number of turns
[tex]\frac{d\phi}{dt}[/tex] represents the rate of change of magnetic flux
Now, in the question it is given that -
L = 100 mH = 0.1 H
ε = 1000 Volts
Now - the voltage across the inductor is given by :
[tex]V = L \frac{di}{dt}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{di}{dt} = \frac{V}{L} = \frac{1000}{0.1} = 10^{4}[/tex] A/sec
Hence, the current must change at a rate of [tex]10^{4}[/tex] A/sec to induce an emf of 1000 volts.
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Fleas have remarkable jumping ability. a 0.50 mg flea, jumping straight up, would reach a height of 40 cm if there were no air resistance. in reality, air resistance limits the height to 20 cm.
a. what is the flea's kinetic energy as it leaves the ground?
b. at its highest point, what fraction of the initial kinetic energy has been converted to potential energy?
The theorem of conservation of mechanical energy is used
a) The initial kinetic energy is, K = 1.33 10⁻⁶ J
b) The fraction of kinetic energy converted to potential energy, U/K = 1.96
Calculation:The total mechanical energy which is defined as the sum of kinetic energy plus potential energies, is given as
E = K + U
To find the speed of the flea jump when there is no friction,
Initial point
E₁ = K = ½ m v²
Final point.
At the highest height h = 30 cm = 0.30 m because there is no friction
E₂ = U = mgh
Energy is conserved
E₁ = E₂
½ mv² = mgh
v = [tex]\sqrt{2gh}[/tex]
v = [tex]\sqrt{2(10)(0.4)}[/tex]
v = [tex]\sqrt{4}[/tex] m/s
v = 2 m/s
A) Now we have to find the initial kinetic energy
K = ½ m v²
K = ½ (0.5 × 10⁻⁶) (2)²
K = 1 × 10⁻⁶ J
B) Now we have to find the fraction of energy lost if we take into account the friction of the air
The initial kinetic energy
K = ½ m v²
Now we have to look for the potential energy until h’= 20 cm = 0.20 m
U = mgh'
The fraction of energy lost,
U/K = mgh'/½ mv²
= 2gh'/v²
= 2 × 9.8 × 0.2/ 2
= 1.96
Therefore,
a) The initial kinetic energy is, K = 1 × 10⁻⁶ J
b) The fraction of kinetic energy converted to potential energy, U/K = 1.96
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A transformer with X turns in primary coil and Y turns in secondary coil is used to change the magnitude of voltage to 240 V. Calculate the input voltage and name the type of transformer if Y= 2 X.
The input voltage is 120 V and the transformer is a step up transformer due to increase in the voltage induced in the secondary coil.
Input voltage
The input voltage of the transformer is the voltage of the primary coil and it is calculated as follows;
Ns/Np = Es/Ep
where;
Ns is the number of turn in the secondary coilNp is the number of turn in the primary coilEs is the secondary voltageEp is the primary voltage2X/X = 240/Ep
2 = 240/Ep
Ep = 240/2
Ep = 120 V
Thus, the transformer is a step up transformer due to increase in the voltage induced in the secondary coil.
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Metallic gold crystallizes in a face-centered cubic lattice, with one au atom per lattice point. if the edge length of the unit cell is found to be 408 pm, what is the metallic radius of au in pm?
The metallic radius (r) of au is 144.2pm
A face-centered cubic unit cell structure is made up of atoms arranged in a cube with six additional whole atoms placed in the centre of each cube face and a fraction of an atom at each of the cube's four corners. Eight additional unit cells share the atoms at the cube's corner.
Atoms in an FCC crystal are in contact along the unit cell's diagonal. 4r = √2 a, where r is the radius of an atom and a is the edge length of a unit cell.
Putting the values in the above expression,we get
r = √2×408 / 4
r = [tex]\frac{1.414*408}{4}[/tex]
r = [tex]\frac{576.9}{4}[/tex]
r = 144.2 pm
Therefore, The metallic radius (r) of au is 144.2pm
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A spring has a spring constant k = 8. 75 n/m. if the spring is displaced 0. 150 m from its equalibirum position. what is the force that the spring exerts?
The force that the spring exerts is 1.31 N.
What is Spring force?The displacement (compression or expansion) and force constant of the specific spring determine the spring's force. It always takes action to get mass back to where it should be for equilibrium.The force applied to the spring and the energy it has stored are shown in the formulas below:[tex]E_{stored} =\frac{1}{2} kx^{2}[/tex]
F = kx
Where,
x = displacement in the spring
k = spring force constant
Calculation of spring force:Given,
k = 8.75 n/m
x = 0.150 m
Force exerted by the spring, F = kx
putting the values,
F = 8.75 x 0.150
= 1.3125 N
Hence, the force that the spring exerts is 1.31 N.
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What's true about the elliptical path that the planets follow around the sun?
Answer:
well, it is not a solid path and thats a teeny tiny fact
A concave lens has a focal length of 25cm. it's power in diaptor is
As we know that :
[tex]\begin{gathered}\large{\boxed{\sf{P \: = \: \dfrac{1}{f}}}} \\ \\ \rightarrow {\sf{P \: = \: \dfrac{1}{-25}}}\end{gathered}[/tex]
Power, is in Meter. So divide focal length by 100
[tex]\begin{gathered}\rightarrow {\sf{P \: = \: \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{-25}{100}}}} \\ \\ \rightarrow {\sf{P \: = \: \dfrac{-100}{25}}} \\ \\ \rightarrow {\sf{P \: = \:- 4}} \\ \\ \underline{\sf{\therefore \: Power \: of \: Concave \: lens \: is \: - \: 4D}}\end{gathered}[/tex]
A particle of mass 16kg travelling with a velocity of 10m/s is acted upon by a steady force of friction in a direction opposite that of its motion. Find the speed of the particle after 10 seconds if the force of friction is 25N.
The speed of the particle after 10 seconds is, 25.88m/s.
To find the answer, we have to know more about the equations of motion.
How to find the speed of the particle after 10s?It is given that,[tex]m=16kg\\u=10m/s\\t=10s\\f=25N[/tex]
It is clear from the question that, the motion is balanced by the frictional force. Thus, the acceleration will be,[tex]ma=f\\a=\frac{f}{m} =\frac{25}{16}=1.6m/s^2[/tex]
We have the equation of motion for the distance travelled as,[tex]S=ut+\frac{1}{2}at^2=(10*10)+(\frac{1.6*10^2}{2})=178.13m[/tex]
Thus, by another equation of motion connecting a, S, and u, we get the final speed after 10s as,[tex]v=\sqrt{u^2+2aS} =\sqrt{10^2+(2*1.6*178.13)} =25.88m/s[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that, the speed of the particle after 10 seconds is, 25.88m/s.
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Find the critical value of t for a two-tailed test with 14 degrees of freedom using = 0. 5
The critical value of t for a two-tailed test with 14 degrees of freedom using = 0. 5 is ±164.5577.
In hypothesis testing, critical values are one of the two approaches which allow you to decide whether to retain or reject the null hypothesis.
The critical value approach consists of checking if the value of the test statistic generated by your sample belongs to the so-called rejection region, or critical region, which is the region where the test statistic is highly improbable to lie. A critical value is a cut-off value (or two cut-off values in case of a two-tailed test) that constitutes the boundary of the rejection region(s). In other words, critical values divide the scale of your test statistic into the rejection region and non-rejection region.
To determine critical values, you need to know the distribution of your test statistic under the assumption that the null hypothesis holds. Critical values are then the points on the distribution which have the same probability as your test statistic, equal to the significance level α. These values are assumed to be at least as extreme at those critical values.
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