Cells clump together during a process called agglutination as a result of the accumulation of antigens and antibodies.
Immune complexes are created when soluble antigens are brought together by the appropriate antibody molecules, and they become visible when they are big enough to precipitate out of the solution.
The interaction between antibody molecules and the associated antigen molecules causes both agglutination and precipitation processes. Agglutination, on the other hand, is the clumping of cells that occurs when one antibody binds several antigens at once. Contrarily, precipitation occurs when soluble antigens and soluble antibodies interact to form a clear, insoluble substance known as the precipitate.Agglutination takes place when a target antigen, also known as isoagglutinin, interacts with a corresponding antibody in the presence of an electrolyte at the right temperature and pH, leading to the development of apparent clumps or aggregates. Precipitation happens when an electrolyte, an antigen, and a soluble antigen interact at the right temperature and pH to create cross-links or precipitates that sink to the bottom of the solution.learn more about agglutination here: https://brainly.com/question/13022582
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Which diagnostic test assesses blood flow in the retina after injection of a dye?
Fluorescein angiography is an eye test that uses a special dye and camera to look at blood flow in the retina and choroid.
A fluorescein angiogram looks at the blood vessels and the lining at the back of your eye (the retina). This test can pick up changes in the condition of your eyes. It can help the specialist make a diagnosis or tell them how well treatment is working.
Although commonly referred to as fluorescein, the dye used for fluorescein angiography is actually fluorescein sodium (C20 H10 Na2 O5). It is the water-soluble salt of fluorescein, also known as resorcinolphthalein sodium.
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Ciliates, such as paramecium, are likely to be found in ____ or in the gut of mammalian grazers where they aid in the digestion of _____
Ciliates, such as paramecium, are likely to be found in freshwater and marine water or in the gut of mammals where they aid in the digestion of plant material.
Small, unicellular Paramecium organisms are common in freshwater ponds and marine habitats. It moves slowly while swimming, frequently shifting its course. It can multiply by dividing two or three times each day under the right circumstances, which can lead to huge populations. It is a member of the Protozoa class of organisms. Because the bacteria that paramecia consume are frequently found on decomposing plants, they play a part in the carbon cycle. In addition to eating the bacteria, Paramecium will also consume decaying plant debris, speeding up the process of decomposition.learn more about paramecium here: https://brainly.com/question/17546239
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Name two special senses whose receptor cells are replaced throughout life, and two special senses whose receptor cells are replaced so slowly that there can be no functional regeneration.
Two special senses that undergo replacement throughout life are gustation and olfaction.
The two special senses they do not undergo regeneration are the eyes and the ears.
What are gustatory and olfactory receptors?
The primary distinction between olfactory and gustatory receptors is that the former is in charge of the sense of smell, while the latter is in charge of the sensation of taste.
The basic sensations of the body are provided by olfactory and gustatory receptors, two different types of receptors. Additionally, gustatory receptors are located on the upper surface of the tongue, whereas olfactory receptors are located at the top back of the nasal vault.
Every 10 to 14 days, taste cells in each bud are replaced.
An essential paradigm for studying brain regeneration is the vertebrate olfactory system. The ability of this system to replace dying receptor neurons and induce neurogenesis is by far its most impressive quality. This replacement is made feasible by basal cells' ongoing neurogenesis.
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A bacteriophage can be an important part of the genetic engineering process. Determine which of the following structures is not part of a bacteriophage.
A. Injection tube
B. Plasmid ring
C. Genetic material
D. Protein coat
A bacteriophage does not contain a plasmid ring.
What is a bacteriophage?A bacteriophage or phage is a virus which infects bacteria and replicates inside it.They destroy the host cell in which they infect.A bacteriophage consists of nucleic acid molecule (genetic material) surrounded by a protein coat or capsid.The genetic material in bacteriophage can be DNA or RNA which may be circular or linear, single or double stranded.Bacteriophage is formed of a head and a tail. Head consist of nucleic acid and protein coat.Tail consists of collar, base plate, sheath, tail fibers.The tail fibers attach to the host and inject tail tube to release genetic material into the host.A plasmid is an extrachromosomal genetic material of bacterial cell.Learn more about bacteriophage here:
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Which brain structure maintains homeostasis and influences blood pressure, heart rate, digestive activity, breathing rate, and body temperature?
Hypothalamus maintains homeostasis and influence blood pressure, heart rate, digestive activity, breathing rate, and body temperature.
What is the hypothalamus?A region of the forebrain situated below the thalamus of the brain.
The main function of hypothalamus is to control and coordinate the center of brain.
Hypothalamus helps to keep the body stable that is known as homeostasis.
The hormones such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are the important hormones released from hypothalamus.
Thus,homeostasis, blood pressure, heart rate, digestive activity, breathing rate, as well as body temperature is maintained by hypothalamus.
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Quiet metabolic activities account for about ________ of the average person’s daily energy expenditures
Quiet metabolism account for about 50% of the average person’s daily energy expenditures
A metabolism is a balancing act that involves two types of simultaneous activities: building up body tissues and energy stores (called anabolism) and breaking down body tissues and energy stores to get additional fuel for body functions (called catabolism)
Some of them are catabolic routes, such as glycolysis (the breaking of glucose), -oxidation (the breakdown of fatty acids), and amino acid catabolism. Others are anabolic pathways, such as those involved in energy storage (such as glycogenosis) and triglyceride synthesis (lipogenesis)
Metabolic pathways include the processes of producing and decomposing glucose molecules. A metabolic pathway is a chain of chemical reactions that feed off of one another.
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Is it possible to distinguish between plants altered by classical genetics and those altered by modern techniques? if it is possible, how is it done?
Is it possible to distinguish between plants altered by classical genetics and those altered by modern techniques by looking under a microscope since DNA is microscopic.
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs):
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an animal, plant, or microbe whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.Using conventional breeding methods, people have been modifying the genomes of plants and animals for a long time.One of the most often used instances of genetically modified organisms is agricultural plants (GMOs). Increased crop yields, lower costs for food or drug production, less need for pesticides, improved nutrient composition and food quality, pest and disease resistance, greater food security, and medical benefits for the world's expanding population are a few advantages of genetic engineering in agriculture.More GMO research has the potential to assist numerous sectors. For instance, a number of microorganisms are being investigated as potential biodegraders and generators of clean fuel in the future.Learn more about the Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with the help of the given link:
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Plasma proteins decrease in a person with liver failure. what effect does this have on capillary filtration/absorption?
The most significant factor contributing to widespread edema brought on by decreased plasma protein production in chronic liver disease is hypoalbuminemia, which manifests in end-stage liver disease. It leads to the increase on capillary filtration/absorption .
The osmotic pressure in blood arteries is maintained in large part by plasma proteins, which are also crucial carriers of several chemicals, including hormones. Blood pressure is the main factor influencing Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is countered by Bowman's capsule fluid pressure and colloid osmotic pressure brought on by plasma proteins.
The plasma has a lower than usual colloid osmotic pressure because there are less plasma proteins present. GFR rises when there is less colloid osmotic pressure working against it.
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Nekton are _______________, and benthos are _______________.
Nekton are aquatic animals, and benthos are benthic zone.
What about nekton and benthos?Animals like octopuses and squid make up molluscan nekton. Similar to shrimp, arthropod nekton are creatures.Plankton are plants or animals that float in the stream, whereas nekton are animals that can swim against water currents. Benthic organisms spend their time on, under, or close to the ocean floor's surface.Benthos, the group of creatures that live on the ocean floor. The so-called infauna dwell within the sediments of the seafloor, while benthic epifauna inhabit the seafloor or items at the bottom.Benthic creatures are those that dwell on the ocean floor. Invertebrates, which comprise the majority of these species, do not have backbones. Sea anemones, sponges, corals, sea stars, sea urchins, worms, bivalves, crabs, and many others are examples of common benthic invertebrates.
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What is an Electrocardiogram used for?
Electrocardiogram is simply used to
help diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the heart
So therefore, electrocardiogram is used to check your heart's rhythm and electrical activity
What is electrocardiogram?An electrocardiogram (ECG) simply refers to a test that can be used to check your heart's rhythm and electrical activity.
Electrocardiogram is simply used to
help diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the heart
So therefore, electrocardiogram is simply used to help diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the heart
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________ describes someone whose mood or behavior is changeable and unpredictable, or someone who is clever, lively, and quick. with a ________ teacher, you never know where you stand
Mercurial describes someone whose mood or behavior is changeable and unpredictable, or someone who is clever, lively, and quick. with a mercurial teacher you never know where you stand.
Depending on how someone with a volatile temperament manages things, a mercurial personality can either be a bad or positive character feature. A person who is mercurial is typically thought of as someone who loses control readily and whose moods vary as frequently and abruptly as a Spring day. Mercurial is described as unpredictable or fickle. Someone who is mercurial is someone who can snap into anger in the span of a single second. Of or connected to the god Mercury in Roman mythology.learn more about mercurial here:
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Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types are termed?
Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types are termed as broad-spectrum drugs.
What are Antimicrobials?These refers to substances which kill or inhibit the growth of microbes such as bacteria, protozoa etc.
These type of drugs ensure their metabolism is altered thereby leading to their death. Those who are effective against a small variety are termed as narrow spectrum drugs while those who are effective against a wide variety of microbial types are broad-spectrum drugs.
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Explain and briefly summarize the egg example that Czerski uses to explain the law of conservation of angular momentum. Then, come up with a forensics-based example that would explain this law or a forensic scenario where this law could come into play and be discussed.
The egg example that Czerski uses to explain the law of conservation of angular momentum is that according to the principle of conservation of angular momentum, anything that is spinning will keep spinning until it is stopped.
Similarly, in the example of an egg given by Czerski If you spin a raw egg and then try to stop it by placing your finger on the shell, the egg will continue to spin since the uncooked portion of it is still in motion.
The law of conservation of angular momentum states that an object's angular momentum won't change in the absence of any external tension.
Its angular momentum is conserved as long as there is no net external torque acting on the system.
In forensic science, reconstruction of crime scenes is a crucial application of physics because instances involving accidents, body falls from heights, weapon projectile motion, bullet or tool case analysis, glass penetration of quick stone.
And law of conservation of angular momentum plays a great role in the reconstruction of those crime scenes and also in the firearm identification.
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What is the major controlling factor for insulin levels?
a. availability of digestive enzymes
b. pancreatic health
c. diurnal patterns
d. blood glucose concentration
e. percentage of body fat
Blood glucose concentration is the major controlling factors for insulin levels. Glucose is the principal stimulus for insulin secretion, through other macro-nutrients, hormones, neural inputs may respond according to this insulin.
Tucked away behind the stomach is an organ called the pancreas, which produce insulin.Insulin production is regulated based on blood sugar levels and other hormones present in the human body.When food is digested, glucose is absorbed from human guts into the bloodstream,raising blood glucose levels.
In healthy human insulin production and release is fixed process, which allows human body to balance metabolic production and needs.It helps to glucose to comes out from bloodstream and into cells.
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What monosaccharides are formed when the disaccharide is hydrolyzed?
Two units of glucose as monosaccharides are formed when the disaccharide is hydrolyzed.
Disaccharides are sugars made up of two monosaccharide units connected by a glycosidic linkage, a carbon-oxygen-carbon bond. The anomeric carbon of one cyclic monosaccharide reacts with the OH group of another monosaccharide to generate this bond. The monosaccharide components of the disaccharides and the particular kind of glycosidic bond tying them together are different from one another.
Most frequently, partial hydrolysis of starch and glycogen results in the formation of maltose. It is frequently called malt sugar. Compared to sucrose, maltose is around 30% sweeter. Maltose and other disaccharides cannot be metabolised by the human body directly from food because their molecules are too big to fit past the intestinal wall's cell membranes.
The reaction is shown below;
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As a result of blockage in the pulmonary artery, blood would first back up into the?
If the pulmonary artery is blocked, blood would go back up to the right ventricle of the heart.
What is pulmonary artery stenosis?The pulmonary artery is responsible for carrying the deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs to get oxygenated.
Pulmonary artery stenosis is a condition in which the pulmonary artery gets narrowed or blocked. Therefore, blood flow from the heart to the lungs is hampered.
This creates pressure on the walls of the heart. Also, if blood flow towards the lungs is hampered, the heart will not receive the required amount of oxygen. All of this will lead to damage to the heart muscles over the course of time.
Therefore, as a result of the pulmonary blockage, blood would first back up into the right ventricle.
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The pulmonary artery is the part of the circulatory system that carries deoxygenated blood. The blockage in the pulmonary artery will back up the blood into the right ventricle. Thus, option d is correct.
What is the right ventricle?The right ventricle is one of the chambers of the heart that is present on the lower side and pumps the blood with low oxygen concentration. It receives the deoxygenated blood from the upper chamber called the right atrium.
The deoxygenated blood from the body is collected by the pulmonary artery that passes it to the right ventricle of the heart. This then passes to the left atrium where the oxygenated blood is circulated to the body.
Therefore, option d. blockage in the pulmonary artery will move the blood into the right ventricle.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was, As a result of a blockage in the pulmonary artery, blood would first back up into the:
a. aorta.
b. left ventricle.
c. pulmonary veins.
d. right ventricle.
What is the net energy gain when 1 molecule of glucose from glycogen stores is converted to lactate?
When 1 molecule of glucose from glycogen stores is converted to lactate, the net energy gain is 3ATP.
What is anaerobic glycolysis?Anaerobic glycolysis is the pathway of conversion of glucose to lactate in the muscles in the absence of oxygen.In the skeletal muscles, glycogen breaks down to form glucose in the form of Glucose 1 phosphate (G1P).G1P gets converted to G6P.G6P enters glycolysis and produces ATP as energy source in the muscles.2 ATP molecules are produced in this step.When there is enough oxygen, pyruvate releases energy through oxidative phosphorylation.In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate gets converted to lactate by lactic acid fermentation.This lactate then moves into the liver where it gets converted into pyruvate and then glucose. 6 ATP molecules are produced in this step.Learn more about anaerobic glycolysis here:
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1. write down a brief summary of the main steps you took in the procedure and what the purpose of each step was. be sure to include any adjustments you may have made to the procedure, what they were, and why you made them.
It is important to consider that some pollutants are taken up easily by plants whereas other pollutants are difficult. This is because of their water solubility criteria. If a pollutant can be taken up by plant directly, it can cause more damages to the plant as compared to the pollutant which interacts from outside.
What is Pollutants?Pollutants can affect the photosynthesis:Some pollutants are toxic to plant metabolic reactions such as photosynthesis. This is because of their oxidative nature that can damage the photosystems. This ultimately impairs the plant functioning, e.g. ozone in the air.
Pollutants can affect the plant-associated microbial communities:Some pollutants such as antibiotics can target plant-associated bacterial communities that are required for plant health. Just like the human gut, plants also have beneficial bacteria that live inside the plant tissues. These bacteria are called endophytes. The harmful nature of the compounds can affect those bacteria which decreases plant fitness.
Pollutants can compete with nutrients that act as limiting factors:Some pollutants are hydrophobic in nature and make the beneficial nutrients less available to the plants. Likewise, some pollutants reduce the bioavailability of plant necessary nutrients directly. This results in reduced growth and development in plants.
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Functions of behavior can be classified in several ways, including social vs _____________
Functions of behavior can be classified in several ways, including social vs automatic.
What is function?The reason an object or process appeared in a system that underwent natural selection is called its function. Usually, the achievement of some goal is the motivation behind this. For instance, chlorophyll aids in the process of photosynthesis by helping to capture solar energy.the function, importance, importance, or purpose of a component, function, or quality of an organism.The characteristics, actions, and components of living organisms are given functions. The term "function" can be used to describe a thing's use, an advantage it provides to an organism, or the causal contribution it makes to a more sophisticated system's capability.Organization, metabolism, response, motions, and reproduction are among the fundamental functions of life. There are extra requirements for growth, differentiation, respiration, digestion, and excretion in humans, the most complicated form of life.Learn more about function here:
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The term __________ refers to lack of control over bowel movements that is not caused by an organic problem.
The term faecal incontinence refers to lack of control over bowel movements that is not caused by an organic problem.
The inability to control bowel motions results in faeces (stool) leaking unexpectedly from the rectum in faecal incontinence. Fecal incontinence, also known as bowel incontinence, can range from the infrequent leakage of faeces when passing gas to a total lack of bowel control.
Faecal incontinence is frequently brought on by muscle or nerve injury, constipation, and diarrhoea. Damage to the muscles or nerves may be brought on by ageing or giving birth. Faecal incontinence can also develop in those who are unaware that they need to pass stool. We refer to this as passive incontinence.
Therefore, The term faecal incontinence refers to lack of control over bowel movements that is not caused by an organic problem.
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What is the attitude of bondholders toward risky projects if the firm is in financial distress?
The bondholders restrict high risks project if the firm is in financial distress.
Companies under financial distress find difficult to secure the exchange of finances. Bondholders restrict their orders. The customers cut back on orders and suppliers tend to change their terms and conditions of delivery which in a way declines the market value of firm upto a large extent.
Possible consequences of financial distress can be:
Loss of jobsLoss of belongingsHealth insuranceStruggle to complete basic needsRetirement accountsFactors influencing Financial Distress:
Cash flowDepreciation of assetsInterest ratioPayout ratio
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What gas is required for optimum production of adenosine triphosphate (atp)?
a. argon
b. carbon dioxide
c. nitrous oxide
d. oxygen
Organisms use different types of adaptations to aid in their survival. many different types of animals hibernate throughout the winter. during hibernation, the animal's metabolism slows and its core temperature lowers. what is this process called? a. torpor b. sleep c. hyperactivity d. none of the above
Option (A) Torpor is the correct answer
Organisms that undergo hibernation have the ability to slow down their metabolism so as to lower the core temperature. This process is known as Torpor.
Why is torpor important for organisms undergoing hibernation?Torpor is a state in animals where they lower all their metabolic activities and bodily functions so as to keep the body temperature low.
It is done by the animals to conserve resources in conditions where scarcity of food is there.
Some birds undergo torpor to conserve fat in the body.
Some animals use this technique of torpor to survive competition with other species.
These organisms come back to normal physiology when the conditions become favorable.
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When two genes are very close to each other on the same chromosome, they tend to:______.
When two genes are very close to each other on the same chromosome, they tend to:
transmitted as a unit
What is chromosome?The thread-like components known as chromosomes are found in the nucleus of both animal and plant cells. Protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid make up each chromosome (DNA). DNA is passed down from parents to children and contains the precise instructions that give each kind of living thing its individuality.
The Greek words for color (chroma) and body are where the word "chromosome" originates (soma). Because chromosomes are cell structures or entities that are intensely stained by several vivid research dyes, scientists gave them this moniker.
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The dna double helix is made up of two strands of ______ monomers oriented in opposite directions. multiple choice question.
The DNA double helix is made up of two strands of nucleotide monomers oriented in opposite directions. multiple choice question.
DNA nucleotides link up to form units referred to as base pairs, A with T and C with G. A sugar and phosphate molecule are also joined to each base. A nucleotide is made up of a base, a sugar, and a phosphate. The double helix is a spiral formed by two long strands of nucleotides.The information molecule is DNA. It contains information needed to create proteins, which are other big molecules. These instructions are dispersed throughout 46 lengthy structures called chromosomes that are found inside each of your cells. Numerous smaller pieces of DNA, known as genes, make up these chromosomes.learn more about DNA here: https://brainly.com/question/16099437
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Identify the structures of the nephron that maintain the high solute concentration in the medullary region of the kidney.
The structures of the nephron that maintain the high solute concentration in the medullary region of the kidney are options (a) and (c)i.e, the Loop of Henle and Vasa recta.
The tiny or microscopic structural and functional component of the kidney is called a nephron. A renal corpuscle and a renal tubule make up its structure. A tuft of capillaries called a glomerulus and a cup-shaped structure called Bowman's capsule make up the renal corpuscle. From the capsule protrudes the renal tubule. Each nephron is made up of a renal corpuscle (glomerulus within Bowman's capsule), a proximal tubule (convoluted and straight components), an intermediate tubule (loop of Henle), a distal convoluted tubule, a connecting tubule, cortical, outer medullary, and inner medullary collecting ducts, as well as these additional components.
One of the two types of blood capillaries that emerge from the efferent arterioles of the nephron is the vasa recta. They are less numerous and surround the juxtamedullary nephrons' Henle loop. As a result, they exclusively develop in the kidney's medulla of birds and mammals, where they concentrate urine.
The complete question is:
Identify the structures of the nephron that maintain the high solute concentration in the medullary region of the kidney. Select all that apply.
A. Loop of Henle
B. Glomerulus
C. Vasa recta
D. Proximal convoluted tubule
E. Distal convoluted tubule
F. Bowman capsule
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What extended schleiden's hypothesis by suggesting that animal tissue was made up of cells?
Theodore Schwann extended Schleiden's hypothesis by suggesting that animal tissue was made up of cells.
What is the cell theory?The cell theory is the theory that states living things are composed of basic units of life called cells.
The cell theory was first developed by Schleiden who observed animals through a microscope.
The cell theory was then further developed by Theodore Schwann based on Schleiden's hypothesis.
The cell theory developed by Theodore Schwann states that:
All organisms are made of cellsCells are the basic units of life.All cells come from preexisting cells that have multipliedThis cell theory has been used to develop the modern theories about cells.
In conclusion, the cell theory is the theory which states that all living things are made up of cells and that cells are the basic unit of life.
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Drag each sequence to the correct location in the table. sort the sequences based on the type of mutation they display.
TATTA → TATTAGA (Insertion)
TATTCG TATTAAT → TATTAT TATTACG - (traslocation)
ACGTATTC → ACGTTTC (deletion)
ATTA GTAC → ATGT ACTA (translocation)
GATCCAT → GATCCATCA (insertion)
TACTTAGT → TACTTGT (deletion)
What is Mutation ?A mutation is a change to an organism's DNA sequence. Errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens, or viral infection can all cause mutations.
The two types of mutations known as frame-shifts are insertions and deletions, which are the type of mutations.A change in the reading frame of the genetic code will result from the addition or deletion of nucleotides that are not multiples of 3. Insertions change the DNA by introducing one or more additional nucleotides.Learn more about Mutation here:
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The purple spots on colorless background of corn kernels observed by barbara mcclintock were the result of _______.
The purple spots on the colorless background of corn kernels observed by Barbara McClintock were the result of the transposition of the Ds elements out of the color gene.
What are the genetic elements found in corn?A transposable element is removed from one spot in the DNA and inserted into a different site in the DNA during the process of genetic transposition, which allows genes to shift their location on chromosomes.The first recognized genetic instability was caused by genetic transposition.The size of the tissue patch displaying the reversion phenotype increases as a reversion event happens earlier in the kernel development.Barbara McClintock saw purple dots on maize kernels with an otherwise colorless background. These spots were caused by the Ds components of the color gene being transposed.The wild-type (purple) phenotype manifests itself in cells where Ds from the color gene "C" sequence has been lost.Hence, Barbara McClintock discovered purple patches on the colorless backdrop of maize kernels due to the transposition of the Ds elements out of the color gene.
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True or false the consumption of irradiated food during pregnancy can cause birth defects
Consumption of irradiated food during pregnancy can cause birth defects is false.
What are birth defects?Birth defect in pregnancy are the structural or functional abnormalities occur during intrauterine stage. It can be detected either prenatally or in infancy state.
The primary causes are genetic, Socioeconomic, Environmental and other factors.
Chromosomal abnormalities and single gene defects are the major genetic abnormality based birth defects, such as Down syndrome and cystic fibrosis etc.
When parents are related by their blood group can also leads to high risk of rare genetic birth defects.
Hence, the statement is false
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