Reliability concerns consistency and stability, whereas validity concerns accuracy and truthfulness.
Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of a measurement or assessment. It addresses the question of whether a test or instrument produces consistent results over time, across different settings, or when administered by different individuals. In simpler terms, reliability asks if a measurement or assessment can be trusted to provide the same results under similar conditions. For example, if a scale consistently measures a person's weight as 150 pounds every time it is used, it can be considered reliable.
Validity, on the other hand, focuses on the accuracy and truthfulness of a measurement or assessment. It involves examining whether a test or instrument measures what it is intended to measure. Validity questions whether the results obtained from a measurement or assessment are truly reflective of the construct or concept being measured. In essence, it evaluates the appropriateness and meaningfulness of the inferences or conclusions drawn from the measurement. For instance, if a test accurately measures a person's intelligence level and provides valid information about their cognitive abilities, it can be considered valid.
In summary, reliability pertains to the consistency and stability of results, while validity addresses the accuracy and truthfulness of results. Reliability ensures that a measurement or assessment is consistent and dependable, while validity ensures that it measures what it is intended to measure. Both reliability and validity are essential considerations in research, testing, and assessment to ensure the credibility and usefulness of the collected data.
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noam chomsky's critique of _____ account of language brought about the decline of behaviorism.
Noam Chomsky's critique of behaviorism account of language brought about the decline of behaviorism.
What is the behaviorism account of language?Behaviorism account of language suggests that language learning occurs through imitation, reinforcement, and conditioning. Behaviorism originated with the work of John B. Watson in the early 20th century. This theory posits that all behavior, including language acquisition, is determined by environmental stimuli and subsequent reinforcement. Chomsky criticized the behaviorism account of language for several reasons, including its inability to account for the complex nature of language acquisition and the creative aspect of language use.
Chomsky argued that language is an innate human ability and that the human brain is hard-wired to learn language. According to Chomsky, language acquisition is not just a matter of acquiring new words and memorizing grammatical rules, but rather an innate capacity that allows humans to generate an infinite number of meaningful sentences from a finite set of linguistic rules. This view of language acquisition is known as the nativist theory. Chomsky's critique of behaviorism, along with his nativist theory of language acquisition, played a significant role in the decline of behaviorism in the field of psychology and linguistics.
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which word most closely translates the japanese word kami?
The word that most closely translates the Japanese word "kami" is "god" or "spirit."
What does the word "kami" mean?In Shinto, the indigenous religion of Japan, the word "kami" refers to a divine or sacred spirit. Kami may be thought of as gods or goddesses, but they are not deities in the way that the Western concept of a god or goddess suggests. Kami is often connected to natural features such as mountains, rivers, trees, and rocks, as well as to ancestors, heroes, and other spiritual entities. They are revered and worshipped in Shinto shrines and festivals, and it is believed that they have the power to influence the course of human events and nature.
Therefore, the word that most closely translates the Japanese word "kami" is "god" or "spirit."
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