what would be appropriate graphs to compare the distributions of hours of sleep in one night for male and female college students if you had the complete data set? explain.

The day after Thanksgiving in the USA is known as "Black Friday," which is a major shopping day marked by significant discounts and promotions.

Black Friday traditionally falls on the Friday following Thanksgiving Day and has become synonymous with large crowds of shoppers seeking deals and bargains. It is considered the unofficial start of the holiday shopping season and is known for its early store openings and competitive sales events.

Black Friday has become a significant day for retailers and consumers alike in the United States. It provides an opportunity for people to take advantage of discounted prices and kickstart their holiday shopping. The day is characterized by bustling shopping centers, long queues, and a vibrant atmosphere as people seek out the best deals and sales offered by various retailers.

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In reality, India has one of the longest constitutions in the world. The Constitution of India, adopted in 1950, is a comprehensive document that outlines the framework and principles of the country's governance. The false statement is option A.

It consists of a preamble and 470 articles, making it one of the lengthiest constitutions globally. The extensive nature of the Indian Constitution reflects the complex and diverse nature of the country, addressing various aspects of governance, fundamental rights, directive principles, and the structure of government.

Option b is generally true, as larger countries with more diverse populations often require more extensive constitutions to address the complexities and diverse needs of their citizens.

However, it's important to note that the specific word count of a constitution may vary based on various factors beyond population size, including historical context and governance structure.

Option c is also generally true. The United States and Canada do have similar written constitutions in the sense that they both have codified constitutions that outline the fundamental principles and structures of their respective governments. However, there are notable differences between the two constitutions in terms of their content and specific provisions. The false statement is option A.

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The notorious example of Europeans misleading African rulers was the Berlin Conference, an international gathering held in Berlin, Germany in 1884-1885 to address the scramble for colonies in Africa.

The African rulers were unable to attend and thus had no say in the outcome. The result was a series of agreements that greatly favored Europe, giving them control of the continent and its resources.

This conference, and the resulting agreements it produced, is often considered a dark moment in European-African relations, as it marked the beginning of the colonial exploitation of Africa by Europeans.

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d. All of the above. In demography, a family can be described by its own internal social structure (a), which refers to the relationships, roles, and dynamics within the family unit.

It can also be described by social location (b), which refers to the family's position in society based on factors such as socioeconomic status, education, and occupation. Additionally, families can be analyzed through the concept of households (c), which refers to the physical dwelling unit and the individuals who live together and share common resources. Therefore, all of the options (a, b, and c) are valid ways to describe a family in demography.

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A learner is more likely to succeed when all four components - inherent talent, motivation, resources, and learning skills - are present and plentiful. Where one factor is weak, success is still possible since the other three can compensate.

These include your grades, honours, awards, competition results, and experiences that reflect your academic prowess, student life involvement, community accomplishments, and resilience. Anything you've accomplished, such as a degree, certification, or standardised test, could be considered an achievement.

Regardless of what "Success" means to any individual, three important aspects of success have been identified. Clarity of Purpose, Growth Mindset, and Courage are the three. It is difficult to have a clear direction without a purpose.

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The therapy that is being expressed in the given statement is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that is used to address mental health concerns, such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The therapy's primary focus is to help people understand the thoughts and feelings that underlie their problems so that they can learn how to change those negative thoughts and feelings.

CBT aims to identify and modify negative thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes by emphasizing the connection between them and a person's behavior. CBT is an effective treatment for depression because it encourages the patient to become more aware of their negative thought patterns and challenges them to change them.

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Professor Mernard is most likely a developmental psychologist. Developmental psychology focuses on studying the changes and processes that occur throughout a person's lifespan.

In this case, Professor Mernard's research specifically examines the progressive changes in infants' perceptual skills during their first year of life. By investigating the development of perception in infants, Professor Mernard contributes to the understanding of how infants acquire and refine their sensory abilities over time. This research helps uncover the underlying mechanisms of perceptual development and informs theories about cognitive and psychological growth during early childhood. processes that occur throughout a person's lifespan, from infancy to old age.

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False. Exclusive Provider Organizations (EPOs) are not directly regulated by the federal government. EPOs are a type of managed care health insurance plan that falls under the broader category of private health insurance.

The regulation of health insurance plans, including EPOs, is primarily done at the state level rather than the federal level.

States have their own insurance departments or regulatory bodies that oversee the insurance industry within their jurisdiction. These state agencies establish and enforce regulations and guidelines for health insurance plans, including EPOs. The regulations may vary from state to state, as each state has its own specific laws and requirements regarding health insurance.

While the federal government does play a role in regulating health insurance through the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and oversight of certain federal programs like Medicare and Medicaid, the direct regulation of specific types of health insurance plans, such as EPOs, is primarily within the purview of state governments.

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In my opinion, violent media content and entertainment (Movies, TV, Video Games) are to blame for violent behavior up to some extent. Violent media content and entertainment can shape the way an individual thinks and behaves to a certain degree.

While these types of media are not the only reason behind the violent behavior, they may have an impact on some individuals by making them more aggressive, impulsive, or desensitized to violence. However, the link between violent media content and violent behavior is not completely understood, and the research conducted on the subject remains inconclusive.

An actionable "everyday" way to reduce violence and aggression is to communicate effectively. Communication is a powerful tool for reducing violence and aggression in our daily lives. Listening to others and making an effort to understand their perspective can help diffuse tense situations and promote peaceful interactions. We should communicate effectively and avoid using hurtful or derogatory language towards others as it may provoke aggression or violent behavior. Instead, we should engage in constructive conversations, be open-minded, and seek to resolve conflicts peacefully.

An example of modern/systemic prejudice towards a typically disadvantaged group in America is the higher rates of police brutality against people of color. People of color are often subjected to police brutality, even when they are unarmed or pose no threat to police officers. This systemic prejudice towards people of color is evident in the disproportionate rates of arrest, conviction, and sentencing that they face compared to white individuals.

Societal privilege is difficult for some Americans to acknowledge/understand because they are often blind to the advantages they receive from the system. They may believe that they have achieved success solely through hard work and determination and fail to see how their race, gender, or socioeconomic status may have given them a head start in life.

Some individuals may also be resistant to acknowledging privilege because it challenges their worldview and requires them to confront uncomfortable truths about the world they live in.

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In terms of Health Outcomes, Middlesex County, New Jersey has a ranking for Length of Life and Quality of Life.

In Health Factors, the county has rankings for Health Behaviors, Clinical Care, Social and Economic, and Physical Environment.

Middlesex County, New Jersey has specific rankings in two sub-headings related to health outcomes and four sub-headings related to health factors. In terms of health outcomes, the county has rankings for Length of Life, which typically refers to the average lifespan of individuals in the county, and Quality of Life, which assesses various factors such as overall well-being and access to healthcare resources. These rankings provide insight into the overall health and well-being of the county's population.

In the sub-heading of Health Factors, Middlesex County has rankings for four categories: Health Behaviors, Clinical Care, Social and Economic, and Physical Environment. Health Behaviors typically measure factors such as smoking rates, physical activity levels, and access to healthy food options. Clinical Care assesses the quality and accessibility of healthcare services within the county. Social and Economic factors examine the socioeconomic conditions and social determinants of health, including income, education, and community support. Physical Environment focuses on aspects such as air and water quality, availability of recreational spaces, and transportation options. These rankings reflect the various factors that influence the overall health outcomes of the county's residents.

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The andesitic volcano's current activity pattern consists of periods of dome expansion interspersed with brief bouts of dome collapse that cause pyroclastic flows, ash venting, and explosive eruption.

The eruption that started on July 18, 1995, was Montserrat's first since the 19th century. Plymouth, the nation's capital, was evacuated when pyroclastic flows and mudflows started happening frequently. A few weeks later, a pyroclastic flow blanketed the city in several meters of rubble.

Pyroclastic flows were brought on by andesite lava that was so thick that it could not flow and instead built up into a massive lava dome on the Soufriere hills. Avalanches of lava blocks, gas, and dust were created when unstable sections of the lava dome collapsed.  A pyroclastic flow descended Mosquito Ghaut on June 25, 1997.

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The best description of the flight conditions under which flight crewmembers are specifically required to keep their safety belts and shoulder harnesses fastened is safety belts during takeoff and landing and while en route; shoulder tackles during departure and landing.

The option (C) is correct.

According to aviation safety regulations and guidelines, flight crewmembers are typically required to fasten their safety belts during takeoff and landing, as well as throughout the duration of the flight while en route.

This is to ensure their safety in the event of any sudden changes in flight conditions, including turbulence or other unforeseen circumstances. Additionally, flight crewmembers are typically required to fasten their shoulder harnesses specifically during takeoff and landing.

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The given statement, "Each society can have only one culture operating within it at a time" is false. Several countries have several cultures in it.

As a result of the impact of many peoples, societies may contain a variety of distinct cultures. Brazil is a prime example of this, where communities have a variety of cultural traditions, many of which are imported from other areas of the world. You may sample local food, learn about other cultures, and comprehend various ideas without ever leaving the nation.

To assert that a single culture may only exist inside a civilization at a given period would be wholly untrue. More than one culture can coexist peacefully inside a civilization. The amount of cultures present in a civilization isn't a fixed quantity.

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The adrenal-hypothalamic-prefrontal axis is the biological cascade that is activated with prolonged stress. Correct option is A.

The hypothalamic – pituitary – adrenal axis( HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback  relations among three  factors the hypothalamus( a part of the brain located below the thalamus), the pituitary gland( a pea- shaped structure located below the hypothalamus), and the adrenal( also called" suprarenal") glands( small, conical organs on top of the  feathers). These organs and their  relations constitute the HPA axis.   The HPA axis is a major neuroendocrine system that controls  responses to stress and regulates  numerous body processes, including digestion, the vulnerable system, mood and  feelings, fornication, and energy  storehouse and expenditure.

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The general relationship between the approximate number of people and the percentage of land covered by forests in Thailand is not specified.

Based on the given information, there is no specific relationship stated between the approximate number of people and the percentage of land covered by forests in Thailand. The data does not provide any indication of how these variables are related or if there is any correlation between them.

To determine the relationship between the population and forest coverage, further analysis or additional data would be required. It is important to note that the question does not provide any specific data or context to establish a relationship between these two variables in Thailand.

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The Understanding and analysing the complex facets of accounting within a larger social framework is aided by social theory. social structures and individual agency in influencing accounting practises is explored by structural theory.

A number of social theories, including symbolic interactionism, critical theory, and structuration theory, provide various viewpoints on how accounting practises are shaped, influenced, and integrated into social structures and interactions.The emphasis of symbolic interactionism is on how people and groups build and interpret the meanings and symbols associated with accounting practises. Critical theory investigates how power relationships, socioeconomic disparities, and the function of accounting play in upholding or undermining established social structures.

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In the case of Obergfell v. Hodges (2015), the United States Supreme Court states that the right to marry "safeguards families and children thus draws meaning from related rights of kinship and childrearing, procreation, and education."

The United States Supreme Court declared that the right to marry is a fundamental right that is granted to all US citizens in the landmark decision of Obergefell v. Hodges (2015). The decision had a significant effect on both the legal and cultural perception of same-sex marriage in the United States.

In the case of Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), the United States Supreme Court stated that the right to marry safeguards families and children, which means that it is directly linked to the related rights of kinship and child-rearing, procreation, and education. This means that same-sex couples have the same legal rights and protections as heterosexual couples when it comes to marriage, such as the right to inheritance, the right to make medical decisions for their spouse, and the right to file taxes jointly.

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Option c. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used as a vector to move genes into plant cells.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a bacterium that normally contaminates plants and can move its DNA into the host plant's genome. This novel trademark has been saddled for the development of transgenic plants. In the process known as hereditary change, researchers use Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a conveyance framework or vector to bring unfamiliar qualities into plant cells. The ideal qualities, which might convey attributes like expanded protection from bothers, worked on wholesome substance, or improved resilience to ecological circumstances, are integrated into the DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. At the point when the bacterium taints a plant, it moves the unfamiliar qualities into the plant's genome, bringing about the creation of transgenic plants with the ideal characteristics.

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The ways in which the author uses bold text in the passage include to emphasize the importance of the words and to make the words stand out from the surrounding text. Therefore option (C) is the correct answer.

In writing, authors use bold texts to capture the reader's attention and help the words stand out from the surrounding text. This can be used to emphasize the importance of the words, the main idea, or signal an integral comprehension component. Based on the passage provided, the author uses bold text to emphasize the importance of the words and to make them stand out from the surrounding text.

This helps the reader to understand the main idea of the passage which is to encourage them to volunteer in their community. Hence option (C) is correct answer.

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GDP per capita is a sufficient comprehensive measure of the economic success of a country.

Per capita, income tells a country's economic output per person. It is used by economists to determine how prosperous counties are based on their economic growth GDP.

GDP is calculated by diving the GDP of a nation by its population by doing this we will get to know about the per capita income per head of the country.

Rich, small counties and more developed industrial countries tend to have the highest GDP per capita. There are also some disadvantages to calculating GDP.

It also shows the economic production value that can be attributed to each citizen.

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Citizens' understanding of the criminal justice system can vary, with some making distinctions among its components and others lumping everything together.

Citizens may demonstrate varying degrees of understanding and distinction between the components of the criminal justice system, including the police, courts, and corrections. Some citizens may have a comprehensive understanding of each component and recognize their distinct roles and functions within the system. They may be aware of the different responsibilities of the police in enforcing laws, the courts in adjudicating cases, and the corrections system in managing offenders.

However, it is also common for citizens to perceive the criminal justice system as a collective entity and use the general rubric of "criminal justice system" to refer to all its components collectively. This perception may stem from a lack of detailed knowledge or interest in differentiating between the specific roles and functions of the police, courts, and corrections.

Monitoring discussions concerning the criminal justice system through newspapers, radio, and online platforms like criminal justice discussion lists or chat groups can provide insights into how citizens perceive and discuss these components. It is likely that some discussions will reflect a nuanced understanding of the individual components, while others may use a more general perspective that lumps everything together under the term "criminal justice system."

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The requirements for the issuance of a mechanic's certificate can be found in FAR Part 65.

This regulation outlines the qualifications and testing procedures that an individual must meet in order to obtain an airframe, powerplant, or combination (A&P) mechanic's certificate. The requirements include the completion of specified coursework or relevant work experience, passing written and Practice Exam, and meeting certain medical and age qualifications.

Additionally, the mechanic must maintain currency by completing continuing education and undergoing regular evaluations. By following the requirements set forth in FAR Part 65, a skilled and qualified mechanic can be certified to properly maintain and repair aircraft, ensuring safety for all in the skies.

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While all the listed professions may involve some level of research, the job that most likely involves producer-of-research skills rather than consumer-of-research skills is the University professor.

University professors are actively engaged in conducting original research, designing studies, collecting data, analyzing results, and publishing their findings in academic journals. They contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields by generating new research and contributing to the existing body of literature. In contrast, professions like a police officer, physician, and journalist typically rely more on consuming research conducted by others to inform their practice or reporting, rather than actively conducting original research themselves. producer-of-research skills rather than consumer-of-research skills is the University professor.

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In Java, every class is compiled into a separate bytecode file that has the same name as the class and ends with the class extension.

When we write Java code, each class is saved in a separate file with the same name as the class and the ".java" extension. However, when we compile the Java code, it is transformed into bytecode, which is a platform-independent representation of the code.

Each class is compiled into a separate bytecode file with the same name as the class and the ".class" extension. These bytecode files can then be executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) on any platform that has a compatible JVM installed. The JVM interprets and executes the bytecode instructions, allowing the Java code to run consistently across different systems without the need for recompilation.

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Federalism is a system that allows for greater control at the state level, promotes competition and experimentation, and ensures political stability. These advantages make federalism a popular system of government in many countries around the world.

One advantage of federalism is that it allows states to have greater control over their own affairs. Since each state has its own government and constitution, they can pass laws that cater to their unique needs and interests. This gives citizens the ability to shape their government and make decisions that are most beneficial to them.

Another advantage of federalism is that it promotes competition between states. Since states have greater control over their affairs, they can experiment with different policies and regulations. This allows them to discover what works best for their citizens, which can then be adopted by other states or even the central government. This competition also helps to prevent any one state from becoming too powerful and dominating others.

Finally, federalism helps to promote political stability by ensuring that power is distributed between the central government and states. This means that no one government can become too powerful, which helps to prevent abuses of power and ensures that citizens have a voice in their government.

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In the context of sexuality, the evolutionary perspective suggests that sexual behavior has evolved over time to help individuals pass on their genes to the next generation. Evolutionary psychologists believe that human sexual behaviors are driven by natural selection and influenced by the needs of reproduction.

The evolutionary perspective on sexuality posits that men and women have evolved different mating strategies because they have different reproductive challenges. Men tend to be more interested in short-term mating opportunities and are more likely to engage in casual sex than women. This is because men have the ability to produce an unlimited number of sperm and can father multiple offspring with little effort.

Women, on the other hand, have a limited number of eggs and a long gestation period, which makes them more selective when it comes to choosing a mate. Women tend to be more interested in long-term relationships and seek out men who are able to provide resources and protection for themselves and their offspring.In conclusion, the evolutionary perspective on sexuality suggests that sexual behavior has evolved over time to help individuals pass on their genes to the next generation, and that men and women have different mating strategies because of their different reproductive challenges.

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Vygotsky's developmental theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in shaping children's cognitive development.

In contrast, Galperin's approach, systemic-theoretical instruction, focuses on using instructional design to facilitate children's cognitive development. Specifically, Galperin developed an elementary math program that aimed to help children advance their logico-mathematical thinking.

One way that the experimental instructional design succeeded in helping children advance their logico-mathematical thinking was by providing a clear and structured approach to learning mathematics. The program used a systematic sequence of topics and exercises that gradually built upon each other, helping children to develop a deeper understanding of mathematical concepts.

Additionally, Galperin's program emphasized the use of visual aids and manipulatives to help children understand mathematical concepts. For example, the program used geometric shapes and diagrams to help children understand concepts such as area and perimeter.

This approach helped children to connect abstract mathematical concepts to concrete visual representations, which can be an important step in developing logico-mathematical thinking.

According to Vygotsky's theory, a genuine concept of number mediates children's thinking and helps them overcome 'preoperational' ways of thinking. A genuine concept of number refers to an understanding of the abstract concept of number that is based on the idea that numbers are a set of units that can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided.

This understanding allows children to think about numbers in a more abstract and logical way, which is an important step in developing logico-mathematical thinking.

In Galperin's math program, the use of visual aids and manipulatives helped children to develop a genuine concept of number. By connecting abstract mathematical concepts to concrete visual representations, children were able to better understand the relationships between numbers and the operations that can be performed on them.

This helped them to develop a more sophisticated understanding of mathematical concepts and to think more logically and abstractly about mathematical problems.

Overall, Galperin's systemic-theoretical instructional design was successful in helping children advance their logico-mathematical thinking by providing a clear and structured approach to learning mathematics and by emphasizing the use of visual aids and manipulatives to help children develop a genuine concept of number.

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12) It is important to note that internal validity is only threatened if there is a confounding, association with the Independent variable.

13) Randomness is random or haphazard and affects both groups (Independent Variable and Dependent Variable).

15) In this design, each participant is presented with all levels of the independent variable: Within-groups design.

An independent variable is a factor or condition that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher in an experiment or study. It is the variable that is believed to affect the dependent variable, which is the outcome or response being measured. The independent variable is typically chosen and manipulated by the researcher to observe its influence on the dependent variable.

17) Full counterbalancing occurs when all possible condition orders are presented? True.

Counterbalancing is a technique used in experimental design to control for the potential effects of order or sequence in presenting different conditions or treatments. It involves systematically varying the order in which participants experience the different levels of the independent variable. By counterbalancing, researchers ensure that any potential biases or confounding effects due to the order of presentation are evenly distributed across participants. This can be achieved through different methods, such as using a Latin square design or randomly assigning participants to different presentation orders. Counterbalancing helps minimize the influence of order effects and strengthens the internal validity of an experiment.

18) This is a behaviour change that emerges spontaneously over time: Maturation.

Maturation refers to the natural, genetically programmed changes and developments that occur in an individual over time. It is an ongoing process that is influenced by biological factors and unfolds according to a predetermined timetable. Maturation encompasses various aspects, including physical growth, cognitive abilities, emotional regulation, and social skills. These changes are typically driven by biological processes, such as hormonal changes, brain development, and genetic factors. Maturation is often studied in the context of child development, where it is understood that certain milestones and abilities emerge as a result of maturation rather than solely through environmental influences or learning experiences.

21) This threat results when some external or historical event affects most members of the treatment group at the same time as the treatment, making it unclear whether the change in the DV for the experimental group was the result of the treatment or the result of the historical factor: Historical Threat.

.22) This threat results in a type of order effect in which there is a change in participants as a result of experiencing the dependent variable (the test) More than once: Testing threat.

In research, a threat refers to any factor or circumstance that has the potential to undermine the validity, reliability, or generalizability of the findings. Threats can arise at various stages of the research process and can impact the internal or external validity of the study.

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The question's scenario makes reference to the legislative manoeuvre known as "logrolling." When two members of Congress agree to support one other's initiatives or proposals despite possibly not having same priorities or areas of interest, this is known as logrolling.

It entails a reciprocal support system exchange to ensure the success of each party's legislative objectives.Legislators may employ the tactic of "logrolling" to get over resistance or other barriers to achieving their own policy goals. Members of Congress can enlist the support of colleagues who may represent different constituencies or have different policy agendas by building alliances and entering into reciprocal agreements. This practise is based on the adage "you scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours," when politicians exchange assistance or favours in order to further their own interests.

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