The application of faraday's law to the existence (not the sign) of the induced voltage before you energize the primary coil
The magnitude of the emf generated in a circuit is proportional to the rate of change with time t of the magnetic flux that cuts across the circuit emf, according to this relationship, also known as Faraday's law of induction (to distinguish it from his laws of electrolysis).
According to Faraday's law of induction, when a magnetic field changes, a voltage results. This difference in electric potential can induce electric currents to flow.
The first faraday's law states that the amount of chemical change caused by a current at an electrode-electrolyte interface is proportional to the amount of electricity used, while the second law states that different substances can undergo different amounts of chemical change when the same amount of electricity is applied to them.
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What counteracts the relaxation pressures and promotoes the steady lund pressure?
Breathing exercises , Self - hypnosis , Enough sleep and meditation practice can counteracts the relaxation pressures and promotes the steady blood pressure
Their are several techniques which counteracts the relaxation pressures and promotes the steady blood pressure , that are
1) Breathing exercises
For this , one can focus on taking slow, deep breaths which is also called diaphragmatic breathing
2) Self - hypnosis
In this , one can learn to produce the relaxation response when prompted by a phrase
3) Enough sleep and meditation practice
The less you sleep, the higher your blood pressure may go. People who sleep six hours or less may have steeper increases in blood pressure.
The relaxation response (from meditation) helps decrease metabolism, lowers blood pressure, and improves heart rate, breathing, and brain waves," Benson says. Tension and tightness seep from muscles as the body receives a quiet message to relax.
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A piano string of density 0. 005 0 kg/m is under a tension of 1 350 n. Find the velocity with which a wave travels on the string?
A piano string of density 0.005 0 kg/m is under a tension of 1350 N, then the velocity with which a wave travels on the string would be 519.61 m/s
What is a sound wave?It is a particular variety of mechanical waves made up of the disruption brought on by the movements of the energy. In an elastic medium like the air, a sound wave travels through compression and rarefaction.
As given in the problem a piano string of density 0.005 0 kg/m is under a tension of 1350 N,
V= √F/μ
V=√(1350/0.005)
V = 519.61 m/s
Thus, the velocity with which a wave travels on the string comes out to be 519.61 m/s
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What is the angle between two just-resolvable points of light for a 2. 75 mm diameter pupil in radians, assuming an average wavelength of 550 nm?
The angle between two just-resolvable points of light for a 2. 75 mm diameter pupil in radians, assuming an average wavelength of 550 nm will be 2.44 * [tex]10^{-4}[/tex] radian
The limit of resolution (or resolving power) is a measure of the ability of the objective lens to separate in the image adjacent details that are present in the object. It is the distance between two points in the object that are just resolved in the image.
Resolving power is the capacity of an instrument to resolve two points which are close together.
theta = 1.22 * ( lambda / diameter )
= 1.22 * ( 550 * [tex]10^{-9}[/tex] / 2.75 * [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] )
= 244 * [tex]10^{-6}[/tex]
= 2.44 * [tex]10^{-4}[/tex] radian
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Calculate a 90onfidence interval for a sample mean of 15 with a sample standard deviation of 5 and a sample size of 25. the answer should be accurate to the nearest decimal. given t = 1.711.
The confidence interval for the given sample will be 15±1.711.
The confidence interval for the given sample will be 15±1.711.
To find the answer, we have to know about the confidence interval.
How to find the confidence interval for a sample?A confidence interval in statistics is a range of values that is established using observed data and computed at a chosen confidence level and may contain the actual value of the parameter under study. In order to calculate a confidence interval, the sample mean (X) and, if applicable, the standard deviation d must be known.We have the expression for confidence interval as,[tex]C= X+t (\frac{d}{\sqrt{n} } )\\ or \\C= X-t (\frac{d}{\sqrt{n} } )[/tex]
t-value for the chosen confidence level, X is the sample mean, d is the standard deviation, and n is the sample size.
Thus, the confidence interval for the given sample will be,[tex]C=15+1.711(\frac{5}{\sqrt{25} } )=15+1.711\\or\\C=15-1.711[/tex]
Thus, the confidence interval for the given sample will be 15±1.711.
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Write 3 – 4 sentences to describe the kinetic and potential energy of a particle and how the two terms are related.
Potential energy is position relative, and kinetic energy is motion relative. The primary relationship between the two is their ability to transform into each other. In other words, potential energy transforms into kinetic energy, and kinetic energy converts into potential energy, and then back again.
Potential energy defined as :
The energy stored in a body due to either its position or change in shape is known as potential energy. Water stored in a reservoir is an example of potential energy.
PE=mgh
where,
PE is the potential energy
m is the mass of the body
g is the acceleration due to gravity
h is the height above the surface of the earth
Kinetic energy is defined as :
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, observable as the movement of an object, particle, or set of particles. Any object in motion is using kinetic energy: a person walking, a thrown baseball, a crumb falling from a table, and a charged particle in an electric field are all examples of kinetic energy at work.
Kinetic Energy Formula:
For the Kinetic formula, Ek, is certainly the energy of a mass, m, motion, of course, is v2.
KE = [tex]\frac{1}{2} mv^{2}[/tex]
KE = Kinetic energy
m = mass of the body
v = velocity of the body
What are the similarities between potential energy and kinetic energy?
One of the most important similarities between potential energy and kinetic energy is that they can both be converted into each other's form of energy. When a force is applied to potential energy it converts to kinetic energy. This means that when an object such as a ball is still it has the potential to move.
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Compared witht he coma, or the visible fuzzy ball, of a ocmet 10^6 km in diameter, the diameter of the nucleus of the comet is:_______
Compared with the coma, or the visible fuzzy ball, of a comet 10^6 km in diameter, the diameter of the nucleus of the comet is very small about 10km.
A comet's coma is the nebulous envelope that surrounds its core and is created when the comet approaches the Sun on its extremely elliptical orbit; when the comet warms, some of its material sublimates. A comet's nucleus is the region in its centre.
The coma, a diffuse, brilliant zone that may have a million kilometres in diameter, surrounds the nucleus, which has a diameter of only a few kilometres. Typically, the diameter of this ice and dust cloud is less than 10 miles (16 kilometres), or roughly the size of a small town.
Therefore, Compared with the coma, or the visible fuzzy ball, of a comet 10^6 km in diameter, the diameter of the nucleus of the comet is very small about 10km.
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What is the wavelength of a photon that has the same momentum as an electron moving with a speed of 1500 m/s? express your answer using two significant figures
The wavelength of photon in 2 significant is 4.8 × 10∧3 angstrom
Given: Mass of photon= Mass of electron= 9.11×10^-31 kg
Velocity= 1500m/s
Planck constant(h)= 6.6261*10^-34 Js
λ= h/mv= 6.6261*10^-34 Js/(9.11×10^-31× 1500)kgm/s
= 4.8 × 10^3 angstrom
About De-brogile wavelength:
De Broglie stated that every particle could be described as having a particular wavelength and formulated the famous de Broglie equation.
De Broglie asserts that a beam of particles with a certain mass can act like a matter wave. The particle's mass and velocity are related to its wavelength:
λ= h/mv, where,
m is the particle's mass.v represents the particle's speed.The Planck constant, or h, has a value of 6.6261*10^-34 Js.Learn more about wavelength here:
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Why does the sun only appear to pass through the constellations of the zodiac? For example, why doesn't the zodiac include ursa major?
The sun only appear to pass through the constellations of the zodiac because Over the course of a year, the sun appears to be in front of, or “in”, different constellations due to its orbit .
A group of stars that can be identified with the shape of an identifiable object like an animal or a known object is called a constellation. Major constellations are the Ursa Major, Ursa Minor and Cassiopeia.
Its motion is entirely an illusion, caused by Earth's own motion around our star. Over the course of a year, the sun appears to be in front of, or “in”, different constellations. One month, the sun appears in Gemini; the next month, in Cancer.
If we wanted to (and were endowed with supernatural powers), we could alter Earth's orbit so that the Sun appears to move through other constellations. Neither Lupus nor Lyra can be zodiac constellations, however, because the Sun doesn't "move through them."
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A ball of mass 4 kg is initially traveling at 2 m/s and has a 5 N force
applied to it for 3 s. What is the impulse applied to the ball?
A. 23 kgm/s
B. 12 kgm/s
C. 5 kgm/s
D. 15 kgm/s
Answer:
D. 15 kgm/s is the value of impulse applied
. Greetings !Given values mass(m) =4kginitial velocity (u) =2 m/sForce(F) =5NTime (t) =3 sec required valueImpulse = ?Solution :[tex]impulse = force \times Δtime \\ impulse = (5) \times (3)...substitute \: values \\ impulse = 15kgm/s[/tex]
What are the two types of precession?
A. Equinox and Solstice
B. Axial and Perihelion
C. Period and Area
D. Perihelion and Aphelion
Answer:
correct answer is D
Explanation:
answer is perihelion and aphelion
The voltage between two parallel plates separated by a distance of 3. 0 cm is 120 v. the electric field between the plates is:__________
The electric field between the plates is 4000V/m.
To find the answer, we have to know more about the electric field.
How to find the electric field?We have the expression for electric field as,[tex]E=\frac{V}{L} \\[/tex]
It is given that the voltage between two parallel plates separated by a distance of 3. 0 cm is 120 v.We have to find the electric field.[tex]E=\frac{120}{3*10^{-2}} =4000V/m[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that, the electric field between the plates is 4000V/m.
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An object is dropped from the top of a building and is observed to take 7. 2s to hit the ground. How tall is the building?.
_______________
v₀=0 m/s
H₀=0 m
g=10 m/s²
t=7,2 s
_______________
H - ?
_______________
[tex]\displaystyle \boldsymbol{H}=H_0+v_0t+\frac{gt^2}{2}=0 \; m+0\; m/s\cdot 7,2\; s+\frac{10\; m/s^2\cdot (7,2 \;s)^2}{2} =\boldsymbol{36\; m}[/tex]
From different frames of reference, time intervals and lengths both appear different. what is one measurement that will appear the same to all observers?
The speed of a beam of light will appear the same to all observers.
Speed of light:The exact distance that light travels in a vacuum in a second is 299,792,458 meters (983,571,056 feet). This is roughly 186,282 miles per second, or "c," the symbol for light speed in mathematics.
According to Einstein's theory of special relativity, an object (such as a single photon of light) cannot appear to move faster than the speed of light. This physical rule is not broken by Nemiroff's experiment since the laser pointer emits a stream of photons rather than a single photon.
Nothing can move faster than light in a vacuum, according to one of physics' most revered rules. However, in a recent experiment, this speed restriction was broken when a laser pulse traveled at more than 300 times the speed of light.
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current is passed through two parallel conductors in the same direction. If the conductors are placed near each other,they will
If current is passed through two parallel conductors in the same direction and the conductors are placed near each other, they will attract each other.
What is electric current?Electric current can be defined as the flow of electrons.
Since electrons are easily removed from atom and are very mobile, the flow of electrons constitute an electric current.
Materials which allow electric current to flow through them are known as conductors. Examples of conductors are metals, and electrolytes.
On the other hand, materials which do not allow electric current to pass through them are known as insulators. Examples of insulators are wood and rubber.
The flow of current is known as electricity.
Parallel conductors with current flowing through them in the same direction are attracted to each other as a result of a magnetic field produced by the flow of current.
In conclusion, conductors allow electric current to pass through and the flow of current through a conductor produces a magnetic field.
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give 5 real life examples of a tension
1.car towing
2.pulling bucket of water
3.gym equipment
4.crane machine
5.tug of war
How many joules are required to convert 16. 5 g of ice at 0.0°C to liquid water at 32. 0°C?
7718.04 J joules are required to convert 16. 5 g of ice at 0.0°C to liquid water at 32. 0°C
Specific heat, the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one Celsius degree. The units of specific heat are usually calories or joules per gram per Celsius degree.
Latent heat of fusion, also known as enthalpy of fusion, is the amount of energy that must be supplied to a solid substance (typically in the form of heat) in order to trigger a change in its physical state and convert it into a liquid (when the pressure of the environment is kept constant).
heat require to convert 16.5 g of ice at 0°C to water at 0°C
Q1 = [tex]mH_{f}[/tex] = 16.5 * 334 = 5511 J
heat require to convert 0°C of water to water at 32. 0°C
Q2 = mcΔT = 16.5 * 4.18 *(32-0) = 2207.04 J
Total heat = Q1 + Q2
= 5511 J + 2207.04 J = 7718.04 J
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A charge of 12 c passes through an electroplating apparatus in 2. 0 min. what is the average current?
A charge of 12 c passes through an electroplating apparatus in 2.0 min, then the average current is 0.1 ampere.
What is an electric charge?Charged material experiences a force when it is exposed to an electromagnetic field due to the physical property of electric charge. You can have a positive or negative electric charge.
Electric current is defined as the charge per unit of time.
The mathematical relation between current and the electric charge
I =Q/T
where I is the current flowing
Q is the total electric charge
T is the time period for which the current is flowing
As given in the problem A charge of 12 c passes through an electroplating apparatus in 2.0 min
Let us first convert the time period of minutes into seconds
1 min = 60 seconds
2 min = 2*60 seconds
=120 seconds
By using the above relation between electric current and electric charge
and by substituting the respective values of the charge and the time period
I =Q/T
I = 12c/120 seconds
I = 0.1 Ampere
Thus, the average current flowing through the apparatus would be 0.1 Ampere.
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The compass is a small bar magnet that’s free to spin. Based on what you observed, is the coil of wire with current passing through it a magnet?
The compass is a small bar magnet that’s free to spin. Based on what you observed, is the coil of wire with current passing through it a magnet?
Answer:
yes, it is a magnet.
Explanation:
The electrons that are travelling through the wire go in 1 direction allowing it to create a magnetic field around its area.
The resistance of platinum thermometer is 5.7 5.5, 5.2 at boiling point,
unknown temperature, θ, and at the freezing point of water respectively.
Determine the unknown temperature in θ°C.
The unknown temperature is 64°C
Given,
Resistance at ice point,R[tex]_{0}[/tex] =5.2Ω,
Resistance at steam point,R[tex]_{100}[/tex] = 5.7Ω,
Resistance when dip in unknow, R[tex]_{t}[/tex] = 5.5Ω,
R[tex]_{100}[/tex] = R[tex]_{0}[/tex] (1+α100)
α = R[tex]_{100}[/tex]-R[tex]_{0}[/tex] / R[tex]_{0}[/tex]×100
α = 0.00096 = 9×[tex]10^{-4}[/tex]°C[tex]^{-1}[/tex]
Let the temperature of hot bath = t°C
R[tex]_{t}[/tex] = R[tex]_{0}[/tex](1+αt)
t = R[tex]_{t}[/tex]- R[tex]_{0}[/tex] / R[tex]_{0}[/tex] α
t = 0.3 / 0.00468
t = 64°C
The unknown temperature is 64°C.
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Two skateboarders collide and grab onto one
another. The first skateboarder has a momentum of 525 kg • m/s, and the second skateboarder had a momentum of -576 kg•m/s immediately before they collide
The magnitude of their final momentum immediately after the collision is 51 Kgm/s and their direction immediately after the collision will be in the direction of the second skateboarder.
What is Momentum ?Momentum is the product of mass and velocity. Momentum can also be the product of force and time.
Given that two skateboarders collide and grab onto one another. If the first skateboarder has a momentum of 525 kg • m/s, and the second skateboarder had a momentum of -576 kg•m/s immediately before they collide, that means their collision was head - on - collision.
According to the conservation of linear momentum, the magnitude of the sum their final momentum immediately after the collision will be the same with the sum of the magnitude of their momentum before collision. That is,
Final momentum = 525 - 576
Final momentum = - 51kg•m/s
And their direction immediately after the collision will be in the direction of the second skateboarder.
Therefore, the magnitude of their final momentum immediately after the collision is 51 Kgm/s and their direction immediately after the collision will be in the direction of the second skateboarder.
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Answer:
-51
Explanation:
Khan Academy
For light of wavelength 589 nm, calculate the critical angles for the following substances when surrounded by air.
(1) The critical angles for the fused quartz is 44⁰,
(2) The critical angles for the polystyrene is 39⁰.
(3) The critical angles for the sodium chloride is 41⁰.
What is Critical angles?In optics, the critical angle is the topmost angle at which a shaft of light traveling in one transparent medium can strike the boundary between that medium and another with a lower refractive indicator without being fully reflected within the first
Critical angles for the different medium.
θ[tex]=sin^{-1}\frac{n_{2} }{n_{1} }[/tex]
where;
[tex]n_{2}[/tex] is the refractive index of air = 1
[tex]n_{1}[/tex] is the refractive index of the given substances.
Refractive index of quartz glass = 1.46
Refractive index of polystyrene = 1.59
Refractive index of sodium chloride = 1.54
Critical angles for quartz glass:
[tex]$\theta_{\text {crit }}=\sin ^{-1} \frac{1.00029}{1.46}\\$[/tex]
[tex]$\theta_{\text {crit }}=44^{o}$[/tex]
Critical angles for polystyrene
[tex]$\theta_{\text {crit }}=\sin ^{-1} \frac{1.00029}{1.59}\\\\[/tex]
[tex]\theta_{\text {crit }}=39^{\circ}[/tex]
Critical angles for Sodium Chloride
[tex]$\theta_{\text {crit }}=\sin ^{-1} \frac{1.00029}{1.54}\\[/tex]
[tex]\theta_{\text {crit }}=41^{o}[/tex]
Thus, the critical angles for the quartz glass is 44⁰, the critical angles for the polystyrene is 39 ⁰ and the critical angles for the sodium chloride is 41⁰.
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I understand that the question you are looking for is:
"For light of wavelength 589 nm, calculate the critical angles for the following substances when surrounded by air.
(a) Fused Quartz
(b) Polystyrene
(c) Sodium chloride"
What type of number is 3π + 1?
Choose all answers that apply:
A. whole number
B. integer
C. rational
D. Irrational
Answer: It's D
Explanation:
The focal length of the lens of a simple film camera is 40. 0 mm. By what amount should the distance between the lens and the film be increased or decreased to change the focus from a person who is 25 m from the lens to one who is 4. 0 m from the lens?.
Answer:
it should be decreased just so the camera focal can actually Focus properly
Two identical cars are driving toward one another and sounding their horns. You’re the driver of one of the cars. You measure your car’s horn to be sounding at 512 Hz, but you measure the horn of the other car to be sounding at 600. Hz. The speed of sound is 345 m/s. If you are traveling at 26.8 m/s (60 mph), how fast is the other car traveling?
The speed at which the other car is travelling is 27.71 m/s.
Speed of the second car
The speed of the second car is calculated as follows;
f₂ = f₁(v + v₁)/(v - v₂)
where;
f₂ is the frequency of second carf₁ is frequency of first carv is speed of soundv₁ is speed of first carv₂ is speed of second car600 = 512(345 + 26.8) / (345 - v₂)
600/512 = (345 + 26.8) / (345 - v₂)
1.1718 = 371.8/(345 - v₂)
345 - v₂ = 371.8/1.1718
345 - v₂ = 317.289
v₂ = 345 - 317.289
v₂ = 27.71 m/s
Thus, the speed at which the other car is travelling is 27.71 m/s.
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Describe what the sun would look like from earth if the entire photosphere were the same temperature as a sunspot?
The sun would look like from earth if the entire photosphere were the same temperature as a sunspot then wouldn't see anything from Earth but darkness
The lowest layer of the sun is the photosphere. It is the outer layer of the sun. It is the deepest region of the luminous object. It is composed of convection cells which are called granules . The Sun's photosphere has a temperature between 4,500 and 6,000 K
Sunspots are areas where the magnetic field is about 2,500 times stronger than Earth's, much higher than anywhere else on the Sun. Because of the strong magnetic field, the magnetic pressure increases while the surrounding atmospheric pressure decreases.
Sunspots tend to occur in pairs that have magnetic fields pointing in opposite directions. A typical spot consists of a dark region called the umbra, surrounded by a lighter region known as the penumbra.
The sunspots appear relatively dark because the surrounding surface of the Sun (the photosphere) is about 10,000 degrees F, while the umbra is about 6,300 degrees F. Sunspots are quite large as an average size is about the same size as the Earth.
If the photosphere were of the same temperature as the sunspot, then we wouldn't see anything from Earth but darkness. We were only able to see and recognize the sunspot because it is surrounded by the visible photosphere.
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A particle is moving in a circle of diameter 5. calculate the distance covered and the displacement when it completes 3 revolutions.
Total distance covered is 47.1 m whereas displacement is zero.
Calculation:Given,
Diameter, d = 5 m
No. of revolutions = 3
Radius, r = 5/2 = 2.5 m
To find,
Distance =?
Displacement =?
Distance covered in one revolution = 2πr
Put the values in this,
Distance = 2 × 3.14 × 2.5
= 15.7 m
Total distance covered in 3 revolution = 3 × 31.4
= 47.1 m
Displacement is the change in the position of the object or the distance between the initial and final position.
After 3 revolutions the particle comes back to its initial position. Therefore, the displacement is zero.
Hence, the total distance covered in 3 resolutions is 47.1 m whereas displacement is zero.
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What does friis free space loss (fsl) tell us about unguided transmission attenuation? fsl=(4πd/λ)2
When we consider unguided wireless communications, we must understand the signal attenuation that occurs between transmit and receive antennas.
The information, or message, that we wish to transmit, is modulated onto a frequency carrier, which is then emitted from a transmit antenna in the form of an electromagnetic (EM) wave.
The signal power (watts) received by the antenna is much less than the transmitted power due to attenuation loss. The Friis equation (also known as the Free Space Loss, FSL equation) describes this attenuation loss.Attenuation, as treated in the Friis equation, is the spreading of power over an ever increasing surface area as it propagates away from the transmit antenna.
We can measure how much power resides in a 1 meter2 area as a function of distance from the isotropic antenna.
Power Density, Pd = Pt/(4πd2)
where the (λ/4πd)2 term is sometimes referred to as the path loss or free space loss. The following definitions are assumed:
Pt - The transmitted signal power.
λ - The wavelength of the carrier (i.e., the center frequency of the radiated signal)
d - The distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas.
We can also place the above equation into decibel format:
FSLdB = [FSL] = 20log10(4πd/l) = 20log10(4π) + 20log10(d) - 20log10(l)
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Give one example of a thermodynamic cycle that does not account for the carnot efficiency.
Thermo-Electrochemical converter (UTEC) is a thermodynamic cycle that does not account for the Carnot Efficiency.
What is the Carnot cycle in thermodynamics?
An ideal closed thermodynamic cycle that is reversible and consists of the four steps of isothermal expansion to a desired point, adiabatic expansion to a desired point, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression back to the starting state.
What is the purpose of Carnot cycle?
The Carnot cycle, first proposed by the French engineer Sadi Carnot in the early 19th century, is the optimum cyclical sequence of changes in pressure and temperature of a fluid, such as a gas utilized in an engine. It serves as a benchmark for all heat engines operating in the range of high and low temperatures.Learn more about Carnot Efficiency.
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The peak magnetic field strength in a residential microwave oven is 9. 2 x 10-5 t. what is the intensity of the microwave?
The intensity of the microwave is 10.09 × 10⁵ W/m².
The unit of magnetic induction is the tesla (T). The magnetizing force, which induces the lines of force through a material, is called the field intensity, H (or H-field), and by convention has the units ampere per meter (A m−1) .
The portion of a material's magnetic field that results from an external current and is not intrinsic to the material itself is known as the magnetic field strength, also known as magnetic intensity or magnetic field intensity. It is measured in amperes per meter and represented as the vector H.
Magnetic Field, B = 9.2 × 10⁻⁵ T
[tex]I_{avg} = \frac{CB_0^2}{2\mu _0}[/tex]
[tex]= \frac{(2.998*10^8 m/s) (9.2 * 10^-^5 T)^2}{2 ( 4\pi * 10^-^7)}[/tex]
[tex]= 10.09[/tex] × [tex]10^5 \frac{W}{m^2}[/tex]
Therefore, the intensity of the microwave is 10.09 × 10⁵ W/m².
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An astronomical telescope has an objective lens with a focal length of 160 cm and an eyepiece lens with a focal length of 5 cm. the magnification of this telescope is ____.
An astronomical telescope has an objective lens with a focal length of 160 cm and an eyepiece lens with a focal length of 5 cm. the magnification of this telescope is 120
A telescope that is intended for seeing celestial bodies and does not need an image-erecting device is anastronomical telescope. While terrestrial telescopes are used to examine faraway objects on earth, astronomical telescopes are used to observe distant stars and planets.
While the final image in the terrestrial telescope is upright, the final image in the astronomical telescope is inverted. Telescopes gather and enlarge the light coming from far-off objects. Observing things in the night sky presents challenges since they are so far away and, as a result, appear so dim. We can see these things more clearly the more light a telescope can gather.
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