Water contributes to the fitness of the environment to support life by acting as a Solvent for molecules to interact Moderate Earth's climate.
Water contributes to the fitness of the environment to support life in several ways :
Life on Earth began in water and evolved there for 3 billion years before colonizing the land.Even terrestrial organisms are tied to water.Most cells are surrounded by water.Cells are about 70–95% water.Water is a reactant in many of the chemical reactions of life.Water is the only common substance that exists in the natural world in all three physical states of matter: solid ice, liquid water, and water vapour.Water stabilizes air temperatures by absorbing heat from warmer air and releasing heat to cooler air.Water can absorb or release relatively large amounts of heat with only a slight change in its own temperature.Water’s high heat of vaporization moderates climate.Much of the sun’s heat absorbed by tropical oceans is used for evaporation of surface water.Water is unusual because it is less dense as a solid than as a cold liquid.Most materials contract as they solidify, but water expands.At temperatures above 4°C, water behaves like other liquids, expanding as it warms and contracting as it cools.Water begins to freeze when its molecules are no longer moving vigorously enough to break their hydrogen bonds.When water reaches 0°C, water becomes locked into a crystalline lattice, with each water molecule bonded to a maximum of four partners.Learn more about Water here : https://brainly.com/question/5060579
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A student sets up the following equation to convert a measurement.
(The ? stands for a number the student is going to calculate.)
Fill in the missing part of this equation.
Note: your answer should be in the form of one or more fractions multiplied together.
Answer:
[tex]\frac{1,000 g}{1 kg}[/tex] · [tex]\frac{100 cm}{1 m}[/tex]Explanation:
The final answer has a different set of units. In particular, kilograms (kg) changes to grams (g) and meters (m) changes to centimeters (cm). To make this change, you need to multiply the first value by proportions.
When writing these proportions, it is important that they are arranged in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. For instance, since both kg and m are located in the numerator, they must be located in the denominators of the conversions.
Proportions:
1 kg = 1,000 g
1 m = 100 cm
The full expression:
[tex]-4.3*10^4 \frac{kg*m}{s}[/tex] · [tex]\frac{1,000 g}{1 kg}[/tex] · [tex]\frac{100 cm}{1 m}[/tex] = [tex]?\frac{g*cm}{s}[/tex] ^ ^As you can see, the old units cancel out and you are left with g and cm in the numerator.
Hi I need help and I am willing to give brainliest
Can you help me find the percent yield of SiO2 given the equation of SiCl4 + O2 → SiO2 + Cl2
the starting amount for SiCl4 is 150g and O2 at 200g. the actual yield for SiO2 is 49.2 g.
Thank you for any help
1. The first step is to convert your given masses into moles. This way, you can see which reactant is in excess and which one is limiting. A good flow of thought would be: kilograms of SiO2/Carbon→ grams SiO2/Carbon→moles SiO2/Carbon.
2. Repeat this step for the carbon reactant.
3. By comparison, we can tell that the carbon reactant is in excess, which means that the SiO2 reactant is limiting. Because of this, we’ll use the amount of SiO2 to find our percent yield. There’s only so much SiO2 that can react with the carbon.
4. You can now calculate the actual and theoretical yields. The theoretical yield is larger than the actual yield because it does not have physical interactions like loss of energy to the environment and friction to interfere with the reaction.
5. Now compare your two values of actual and theoretical. The formula for percent mass is [(Actual yield)/(Theoretical yield)]*100%. Our final answer for this question is the percent yield of the reaction is 90.8% We can interpret this as 90.8% of the SiO2 reacting will produce solid silicon.
Hope this helps!!
You are asked to weigh approximately 0. 4g of acetylsalicylic acid to the nearest mg. When you enter the data in grams in your lab notebook, how many significant figures will you record ?.
The significant figures will be 1.
As, weight of acetylsalicylic acid = 0. 4 g
We obtain 400 mg when we convert 0.4g of acetylsalicylic acid to mg.
So, 400 milligrams are worth 0.4 grams when converted to grams.
There is just one significant figure because 0 before a decimal is not significant i.e. 4.
What are significant figures?The digits of a number that have relevance in relation to the measurement's resolution are known as significant figures. Additionally known as significant figures in chemistry. All experimental measurements are subject to some degree of uncertainity.
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How many different substituents are required on a carbon atom for it to be chiral?
Four different substituents are required on a carbon atom for it to be chiral.
What is Chiral Carbons ?The carbon atom which is attached with four different types of group of atoms or atoms is called Chiral carbon. Chiral molecules are non superimposable on their mirror images. Chiral carbon is also called asymmetric carbon.
Example:
[tex]Br - \underset{H} {\underset{|} {\overset{CH_3} {\overset{|}{C}}}} - Cl[/tex]
In the above example we can see that carbon atom has 4 different group attached with it that is Br, Cl, H, CH₃.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Four different substituents are required on a carbon atom for it to be chiral.
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What is the ph of a buffer made by combining 45. 0 ml of 0. 150 m nitrous acid and 20. 0 ml of 0. 175 m sodium nitrite? the ka of nitrous acid, hno2, is 4. 5×10^–4?
The pH of the buffer made by combining Nitrous acid and Sodium Nitrite will be 3.06.
pH can be defined as the medium of expressing the acidity or alkalinity of any solution. It is the potential of hydrogen atoms.
Buffers are the solutions that resist any change in the pH when an acid or base is added to them.
According to the question,
0.150 M nitrous acid (HNO₂) = 45 ml
0.175 M sodium nitrate (NO₂⁻)= 20 ml
Kₐ of nitrous acid (HNO₂) = 4.5 × 10⁻⁴
Total volume of buffer = 45 ml + 20 ml = 65 ml
Concentration of HNO₂ = (45) (0.150) / 65 = 0.103 M
Concentration of NO₂⁻ = (20) (0.175) / 65 = 0.054 M
HNO₂ ⇒ H⁺ + NO₂⁻
Initial : 0.103 0 0.054
Change: -x +x +x
Equilibrium: 0.103-x x 0.054+x
Kₐ = x(0.054+x) / 0.103-x = 0.054x / 0.103 = 0.524x
Also, Kₐ = 4.5 × 10⁻⁴
Therefore, 4.5 × 10⁻⁴ = 0.524x
x = 8.58 × 10⁻⁴ M
H⁺ = x = 8.58 × 10⁻⁴ M = 8.6 × 10⁻⁴ M
Therefore, pH = -log ( 8.6 × 10⁻⁴ M)
pH = 3.06
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How would you distinguish benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol by their infrared spectra?
The OH peaks in the IR spectra of benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid should be compared and contrasted.
What is the IR spectra of Benzoic acid?The right-hand portion of the infrared spectrum of benzoic acid, between wavenumbers 1500 and 400 cm-1, is referred to as the fingerprint region. It results from a special combination of intricately overlapping vibrations of the atoms within the benzoic acid molecule.What is the IR spectra of Benzyl alcohol?A C-Cl bond is frequently shown by a peak at 700.There are a few more peaks at 1500 that are directed at a C=C bond.What is IR spectra?The percent transmittance (or absorbance) of the radiation through the molecule against the radiation's wave number forms the IR spectrum.
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It is important to contrast and compare the OH peaks in the IR spectra of benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid.
What does benzoic acid's IR spectrum look like?The fingerprint region is the region between wavenumbers 1500 and 400 cm-1 on the right side of the infrared spectrum of benzoic acid.The benzoic acid molecule's atoms vibrate in a unique pattern that involves intricately overlapping vibrations, which causes it.What does benzyl alcohol's IR spectrum look like?A peak at 700 is typically used to indicate a C-Cl bond.At 1500, there are a couple more peaks that are focused on a C=C bond.How do IR spectra work?The IR spectrum is made up of the radiation's wave number divided by its percent transmittance (or absorbance) through molecules.To learn more about IR spectrum visit:
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The element lithium (Li) has 3 protons and 3 electrons. The element fluorine (F) has 9 protons and 9 electrons. An atom of the element lithium (Li) transfers an electron to an atom of the element fluorine (F). Which type of bond results between the atoms, and what happens to the charges in each of the atoms?
When an atom of the element lithium (Li) transfers an electron to an atom of the element fluorine (F), then the bond results between the atoms is ionic bond.
what is chemical bond?A chemical bond is defined as the bond which holds atoms together in molecules.
Bonds arise due to the electrostatic forces present between positively charged atomic nuclei and negatively charged electrons.
Types of chemical bondIonic bondCovalent bondCoordinate bondWhat is Ionic bond ?Ionic bond is defined as the transfer of electron from one atom to another atom.
Since, electron transfer from lithium to fluroine. Thus lithium get positive charge and fluorine occupy negative charge.
Thus, the bond form between lithium atom and fluorine atom is ionic bond.
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Which are properties of all metals (except hg)? i. good conductors of heat and electricity ii. easily formed into sheets or wires iii. chemically unre
The properties of all metals are "good conductors of heat and electricity".
Metals are excellent heat or electricity conductors and were malleable, ductile materials that may be pulled into wire and pounded into sheets. Apart from mercury, which appears a liquid at ambient temperature, most metals have solids with a distinctive silvery shine.
Due to the metals' atoms' ability to create a matrix across which outside electrons could easily travel, metals make good electrical and thermal conductors. The positive nuclei of the connecting metal ions are surrounded by a sea of electrons rather than orbiting their individual atoms.
Therefore, the properties of all metals are "good conductors of heat and electricity".
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If the concentration of red dye #40 in the original syrup is 4. 68 x 10-3 m, what is its concentration in dilution #3?.
Concentration difficulties can be caused by medical, cognitive, or psychological problems or may be related to sleep disorders or medications, Psychological conditions
What is Concentration?Concentration means focused attention, and it has many uses and benefits. It assists in studying, enables faster comprehension, improves memory, helps in focusing on a task, job, or goal, and enables you to ignore meaningless and irrelevant thoughts.Taking very small breaks by refocusing your attention elsewhere can dramatically improve mental concentration after that. The next time you are working on a project, take a break when you begin to feel stuck. Move around, talk to someone, or even switch to a different type of task.Concentration difficulties can be caused by medical, cognitive, or psychological problems or may be related to sleep disorders or medications, Psychological conditions that can interfere with concentration include anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, emotional trauma, and stress.To learn more about Concentration, refer to:
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A mixture of h2po4- and oh- is allowed to react. what are the products of the reaction?
When mixture of H2PO4- and OH- is allowed to react. The products of the reaction are as follow
H2PO4+ OH--------HPO4(2-)+H2O
In the reaction above H2PO4(2-) is donating the proton to OH Resulting in H2O and the deprotonated species. This makes it a bronsted lowry acid.
According to Bronsted lowry, acid are those which donate proton.
In the given problem, H2PO4- is bronsted lowry acid. So it donate electron to OH- to form water.
Thus, the product formed in the given reaction is water and H2PO4(2-).
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The ph of a 0. 50 m solution of base b is found to be 10. 19. what is the kb of the base? the equation described by the kb value is b(aq) h2o(l)↽−−⇀bh (aq) oh−(aq)
The pH of a 0.50 M solution of base B is found to be 10.19. The Kb of the base is 4.8 × 10⁻⁸.
Let's consider the following basic reaction.
B(aq) + H2O(l) ⇄ BH(aq) + OH⁻(aq)
First, we will calculate the pOH of the solution using the following expression. (14-10.19)=3.81
antilog -3.81=1.55×10^-4/0.50=4.8×10^-8
The pH of a 0.50 M solution of base B is found to be 10.19. The Kb of the base is 4.8 × 10⁻⁸.
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The [tex]K_b[/tex] of the base b is 4.805 × 10⁻⁸.
What is dissociation constant?The dissociation constant is a type of equilibrium constant that measures the degree of dissociation of a salt.
[tex]K_a[/tex] is the dissociation constant for the acid which describes the strength of an acid.
[tex]K_b[/tex] is the dissociation constant of the base which describes the strength of a base.
pOH = 14 - pH = 14 - 10.19 = 3.81
pOH = -log[OH⁻]
3.81 = -log[OH⁻]
Antilog (-3.81) = [OH⁻]
[OH⁻] = 1.55 × 10⁻⁴
Here,
[tex]K_b= \frac{[BH^+][OH^-]}{[B]}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{(1.55\times10^{-4})(1.55\times10^{-4})}{0.50}[/tex]
= 4.805 × 10⁻⁸
The Kb of the base b is 4.805 × 10⁻⁸
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What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown here?
Answer:
2-methylpropanoic acid
Explanation:
no probs chief
Semiconductors are more effective than metals as converters of solar radiation into electricity because?
Semiconductors show the property of both the conductor and insulator. They are more effective than metals as their valence electron can free flow by the sun's energy. Thus, option B is correct.
What are semiconductors?Semiconductors are substances and materials that exhibit intermediate properties of conductors and insulators. They are solid materials that can conduct electrical charges due to the added impurity or change in temperature.
They have a valence electron in their outer shell that can absorb the energy from the sun to get excited. This leads to the flow of the charge in the semiconducting substance more easily.
Therefore, option B. the semiconductors can absorb the extra energy is correct.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was, Semiconductors are more effective than metals as converters of solar radiation into electricity because
A. it is easier for the atoms of a semiconductor to absorb solar energy and to move from place to place within the solid, thereby conducting electricity.
B. the energy contained in sunlight gives the valence electrons in the semiconductor atoms the extra energy they need to "flow" throughout the solid.
C. metals melt much too easily under direct sunlight and, as liquids, lose their ability to conduct electricity.
D. solar radiation has sufficient energy to knock electrons completely off the metal surface, making it impossible for the electrons to "flow" from atom to atom and conduct electricity.
Carbon dioxide released by automobiles is an example of a(n) ________ source of pollution. volatile point multi-point non-point aerosol.
Carbon dioxide released by automobiles is an example of a(n) non-point source of pollution.
Nonpoint source pollution is typically caused by hydrologic alteration, drainage, seepage, precipitation, especially land runoff. Contrary to pollution from industries and sewage treatment facilities, nonpoint source (NPS) pollution originates from a variety of diffuse sources.
Point-source pollution can be defined as pollution coming from a single, distinguishable source, such as a factory and sewage plant output pipe. Nonpoint-source pollution would be pollution that doesn't come from a single source or point.
Therefore, Carbon dioxide released by automobiles is an example of a(n) non-point source of pollution.
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calculate the pressure exerted by an book of mass 20kg occupying an area of 2 m square.
The answer is 100 Pa.
The formula for calculating pressure is :
Pressure = Force ÷ Area
We are given that :
mass = 20 kgarea = 2 m²We also know that :
Force = mass ×g
So, force will be :
F = 20 × 10 F = 200 NNow, we can finally calculate pressure :
P = 200 ÷ 2P = 100 Pawhich of the following equations is ballanced
4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O is balanced equation.
Hence, Option (B) is correct answer.
What is Balanced Chemical Equation ?The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.
Now check all the options one by one:
Option (A): 2H₂ + O₂ → 4H₂O
Reactant Side Product Side
H = 4 H = 8
O = 2 O = 4
Here number of atoms of H on the reactant side is 4 and number of atom on product side is 8. H atoms are not balanced in this equation. Hence the given equation is not balanced.
Option (B): 4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O
Reactant Side Product Side
Na = 4 Na = 4
O = 2 O = 2
Here all the atom on reactant side and product side are equal. Hence the given equation is balanced.
Option (C): Fe₂O₃ + H₂ → 2Fe + 3H₂O
Reactant Side Product Side
Fe = 2 Fe = 2
O = 3 O = 3
H = 2 H = 6
Here number of atoms of H on the reactant side is 2 and number of atom on product side is 6. H atoms are not balanced in this equation. Hence the given equation is not balanced.
Option (D): CH₄ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
Reactant Side Product Side
C = 1 C = 1
H = 4 H = 2
O = 2 O = 3
Here H atoms on the reactant and product side is not equal and O atoms are also not equal on the reactant side and product side. Hence, the given equation is not balanced.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The balanced equation from the given options is 4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O
Hence, Option (B) is correct answer.
Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.
Question: Which of the following equations is balanced?
(A) 2H₂ + O₂ → 4H₂O
(B) 4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O
(C) Fe₂O₃ + H₂ → 2Fe + 3H₂O
(D) CH₄ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
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________ is the enthalpy change when 1 mole of water is produced by the reaction of an acid and a base under standard conditions.
Standard enthalpy change of neutralization is the enthalpy change when 1 mole of water is produced by the reaction of an acid and a base under standard conditions.
Enthalpy change of neutralization:
Every time enthalpy change of neutralization is calculated, one mole of water is produced. Heat is released when an acid and an alkali react, hence enthalpy changes of neutralization are always negative. The values are always quite comparable for reactions involving strong acids and alkalis, falling between -57 and -58 kJ mol-1.If the reaction is the same in each case of a strong acid and a strong alkali, the enthalpy change is similar.Learn more about the Enthalpy of neutralization with the help of the given link:
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Amines are ________. brønsted-lowry bases brønsted-lowry acids neutral in water solution unreactive
Answer:
A.) Brønsted-Lowry bases
Explanation:
Amines have a lone pair of electrons.
Brønsted-Lowry bases donate a lone pair of electrons in exchange for a hydrogen ion.
Therefore, if exposed to an acid, amines will give up electrons in order to bond with a hydrogen. This makes them Brønsted-Lowry bases.
Heat is added to 1. 81 kg of ice at -19 °c. how many kilocalories are required to change the ice to steam at 152 °c?
Answer:
1363.2 kilocalories
Explanation:
Heat up the ice ==> melt the ice to water ==> heat the water ==> vaporize the water to steam ==> heat the stem 52 degrees to 152
1.81 kg * (spec heat of ice * 19 +* heat of fusion of water + specific heat of water *100 + heat of vaporization of water + specific heat of steam* 52)
1810 g * ( .50 cal/g -C * 19 C + 79.7 cal / g + 1 cal/g-C *100C + 539 cal/g + .48 cal/g * 52 C ) = 1 363 219.6 calories
(check my math)
The density of lithium is 0. 546 g/cm3. what volume is occupied by 3. 66 x 10 23 atoms of lithium?
The volume occupied by 3.66 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms of lithium is 7.73 [tex]cm^3[/tex]
What is Density?The density of a substance is defined as the mass of the substance per unit volume. It is often denoted by the symbol ρ
The density of a substance is given by,
[tex]\rho = \frac{m}{V}[/tex]
The mass of a substance is the measure of the amount of matter present in it. It is generally measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).
The volume of a substance is defined as the amount of 3D space occupied by it.
What is Mole Concept?It is a concept which uses mole as a unit to measure the number of atoms, molecules or ions.
A mole is defined as the amount of substance which has the same number of elementary particles as there are atoms in 12 grams of [tex]\ce{^{12}C}[/tex]
1 mole = Avogadro's number = 6.022 x [tex]10^{23\\[/tex] atoms
Steps to find out the volumeMolar Mass of Lithium = 6.94 g/mol
1 mole of Lithium has 6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms
3.66 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms of lithium has molar mass = [tex]\frac{6.94 g}{6.022\times10^{23} } \times 3.66 \times 10^{23}[/tex]
[tex]m = 4.218 g[/tex]
Substitute in density formula,
[tex]\rho = \frac{m}{V}[/tex]
[tex]V = \frac{m}{\rho}[/tex]
[tex]=\frac{4.218g}{0.546g/cm^3}[/tex]
= 7.73 [tex]cm^3\\[/tex]
Therefore, 3.66 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms of lithium occupies 7.73 [tex]cm^3\\[/tex] of volume.
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The half-life of sr-90 is 28 years. after 56 years of decay only 0. 40 g of a sample remains. what was the mass of the original sample?
a. 0. 050 g
b. 0. 10 g
c. 3. 2 g
d. 1. 6 g
Half-life is the time taken for the concentration of the substance to reduce by 50%. The original sample of strontium had a mass of 1.6 gms. Thus, option d is correct.
What is half-life?The half-life of any radioactive substance is the time period at which the concentration will get reduced to half the initial amount. The initial mass of Sr-90 is calculated as,
[tex]N(t) = N_{0} (\dfrac{1}{2})^{ \frac{t }{t 1/2}}[/tex]
Given,
Quantity of the remaining substance N (t) = 0.40 gm
Initial radioactive substance quantity [tex]N_{0}[/tex] =?
Time duration (t) = 56 years
Half-life = 28 years
Substituting values above:
[tex]\begin{aligned} 0.40 &= N_{0} (\dfrac{1}{2}) ^{{\frac{56}{28}}\\\\0.40 &= N_{0} (\dfrac{1}{2})^{2}\end{aligned}[/tex]
= 1.6 gm
Therefore, option d. the initial mass of Sr is 1.6 gm.
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Which reaction is an oxidation reaction?
a. 1-octene → octane
b. octane → 1-octene
c. 1-octanal → 1-octanol
d. 1,3-octadiene → 1-octene
e. 1-chlorooctane → 1-octanol
1-octanal → 1-octanol is an oxidation reaction.
Oxidation
The removal of hydrogen or any other electropositive element, or the addition of oxygen, is said to be the process of oxidation in classical or earlier concepts. The process of an atom or ion losing one or more electrons is known as oxidation, according to the electronic notion.
An oxidizing agent is something that causes oxidation. O2, S, Cl2, Br2, and H2O2 are oxidizing agents in the instances above. Oxidation has an easy source. When an atom, molecule, or even an ion comes into contact with oxygen, oxidation results. When this occurs, it changes to achieve a more stable structure in its electron shells and transfers electrons as a result.
Any chemical process, including oxidation, is primarily brought on by atoms attempting to obtain valence shells with a complete complement of electrons. The stability of the species is increased by this optimum configuration.
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Find the percent ionization of a 0. 337 m hf solution. The ka for hf is 3. 5 × 10^-4.
Percent ionization = 3.17%
We utilize the supplied acid equilibrium constant (Ka) to calculate the percentage of the acid that is ionized. It is the ratio of the acid and dissociated ion equilibrium concentrations. The HF acid would dissociate in the manner described below:
HF = H+ + F-
The following is how the acid equilibrium constant might be written:
Ka = [H+][F-] / [HF] = 3.5 x 10-4
We utilize the ICE table to determine the equilibrium concentrations.
HF H+ F-
I 0.337 0 0
C -x +x +x
---------------------------------------------
E 0.337-x x x
3.5 x 10-4 = [H+][F-] / [HF]
3.5 x 10-4 = [x][x] / [0.337-x]
Solving for x,
x = 0.01069 = [H+] = [F-]
percent ionization = 0.01069 / 0.337 x 100 = 3.17%
percent ionization = 3.17%
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When an allergen binds with ige antibodies on mast cells, resulting in release of chemical mediators, this reaction is called:_________
When an allergen binds with IgE antibodies on mast cells, resulting in release of chemical mediators, this reaction is called Type I reactions.
The Type I reactions is also known as immediate hypersensitivity reaction.
This reaction involve immunoglobulin E ( IgE ) - mediated release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils .
Examples : anaphylaxis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
The IgE molecules bind to high - affinity receptors on the surface of mast cells and basophils and the subsequently cross-linking of these molecules with the allergen releases performed and newly synthesized mediators.
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This is a reaction going on in your muscle cells right this very minute: what is the equilibrium constant for the un-catalyzed reaction?
The equilibrium constant for the un-catalyzed reaction is 0.9
The enzyme triose phosphate isomerase catalyzes the reaction in the forward direction as part of the glycolytic pathway. It follows simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
Typical cellular concentrations:
triose phosphate isomerase = 0.1 nM
dihydroxyacetone phosphate = 5 µM
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate = 2 µM
So, equillibrium constant is
K = [tex]\frac{[P]}{[S]}[/tex]
K = [tex]\frac{ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate}{dihydroxyacetone phosphate}[/tex]
Therefore, The equilibrium constant for the un-catalyzed reaction is 0.9
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Examples of the surface area change the rate of chemical reactants applied in industry or products, materials?
What's the effect of surface area change
We know
Pressure is indirectly proportional to area
If surface area increases pressure decreasesIf pressure decreases volume increasesIf volume increases no of moles increasesSo production increases.Rutherford gold-foil experiment
In 1909 Rutherford disproved Sir J.J. Thomson's model of the atom as a uniformly distributed substance. Because only very few of the alpha particles in his beam were scattered by large angles after striking the gold foil while most passed completely through, Rutherford knew that the gold atom's mass must be concentrated in a tiny dense nucleus.
Most alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil, which implied that atoms are mostly composed of open space. Some alpha particles were deflected slightly, suggesting interactions with other positively charged particles within the atom. Still other alpha particles were scattered at large angles, while a very few even bounced back toward the source. (Rutherford famously said later, “It was almost as incredible as if you fired a 15-inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it came back and hit you.”) Only a positively charged and relatively heavy target particle, such as the proposed nucleus, could account for such strong repulsion. The negative electrons that balanced electrically the positive nuclear charge were regarded as traveling in circular orbits about the nucleus. The electrostatic force of attraction between electrons and nucleus was likened to the gravitational force of attraction between the revolving planets and the Sun. Most of this planetary atom was open space and offered no resistance to the passage of the alpha particles.
some one please presize this
The Rutherford experiment was used to prove the existence of a positively charged nucleus containing the protons.
What is the Rutherford experiment?The Rutherford experiment was used to prove the existence of a positively charged nucleus..
Alpha particles passed mostly undeflected through a aluminum foil.
The part of the foil where the alpha particles were deflected was the positively charged nucleus where most of the mass of the atom was concentrated.
In conclusion, the Rutherford experiment proved the existence of a positively charged nucleus.
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A pharmaceutical company wants to test the efficiency of its new drug production techniques so they run 3 shifts of production for 4 hours each and collect the product at the end of each shift. Their chemical engineers predict a maximum of 7000 grams of product can be created each shift. Shift one produces 4562 grams. Shift two produces 5783 grams. Shift three produces 5247 grams. What is the average percent yield for this new production technique?
The percentage yield of the new production technique is 82.8%
What is the percentage yield?Production is the procedure by which finished products are obtained form the raw materials. The production process involves the passing of raw materials through a certain procedure that involves the use of certain machines and equipment to give us the required products.
We are told in the question that there are three shifts;
Shift 1 produces 4562 grams
Shift 2 produces 5783 grams
Shift 3 produces 5247 grams
Average production from the three shifts = 4562 grams + 5783 grams + 5247 grams/3 = 5197 grams
The theoretical average yield is = 7000 grams + 7000 grams + 7000 grams/3 = 7000 grams
Now the percentage yield = actual yield/ theoretical yield * 100/1
percentage yield = 5197 grams/7000 grams * 100/1
percentage yield = 82.8%
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What would the corresponding
concentration values of H₂O be
for pH values: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11?
Answer:
7,9,11
Explanation:
this is because water includes 0H, which would mean that it is more than 6
Compared to a solution with a ph value of 7, a solution with a thousand times greater hydronium ion concentration has a ph value of.
Answer:
pH of 4
Explanation:
Upon comparing a solution with a pH value of 4 and that having a pH of 7, you will realize that it has a pH difference of 3 although the concentration of ions of hydrogen having a pH of 7 is 1000 times greater than being at a pH of 4.