Enzymatic and other proteinic activity is limited by pH. 2) Slight deviations from normal pH can shut down metabolic pathways. 3) The structure and function of macromolecules are pH dependent.
How does the pH levels affect enzymes and proteins?
Enzymes, like all proteins, are polypeptidic molecules.
They need to get an accurate tridimensional structure to accomplish their function.
There is a limit of temperature and pH level at which they lose that structure and denaturalize.
pH changes
The most accurate configuration for the best catalytic performance depends on the charge of the lateral chains and the environmental pH.
Enzymes have ionizable chemical groups in the lateral chains of their amino acids.
Depending on the environmental pH, these groups will have a positive, negative, or neutral charge.
There is an optimum pH level at which enzymes get the best configuration to accomplish their functions.
Most enzymes are sensitive to any change in pH, which might drastically affect their activity. So every enzyme has its optimum pH level, and any slight deviations will cause the enzyme denaturalization, hence, its activity loss.
Whenever the enzyme loses its configuration, and hence, its function, the whole pathway in which it is involved is interrupted.
Options 2 and 3 are correct.
Slight deviations from normal pH can shut down metabolic pathways. The structure and function of macromolecules are pH dependent.You can learn more about enzymes and pH at
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Why is it important to maintain the ph of blood and tissue fluids within normal limits? check all that apply
Most enzymes require an acidic pH to function properly. Slight deviations from normal pH can shut down metabolic pathways. The structure and function of macromolecules are pH dependent. Hormones require a blood pH of at least 77 to function, A drop in blood pH causes dehydrationThe pH balance plays an important role in the chemical makeup of the human body.
REASONS :
A pH balance simply means that the acid-base balance in the body is generally maintained. The body needs to stay in homeostasis (a stable state) to function optimally.
1.Slight deviations from normal pH can shut down metabolic pathways.
2. The structure and function of macromolecules are pH dependent.
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
When Raymond observes certain natural phenomena, he often forms Ideas about their causes and effects. Suppose that Raymond
surmises that leaves change color in autumn due to scarcity of sunlight. In order to test whether his idea is accurate, he must first
construct a falsifiable
that defines a clear relationship between two variables. Raymond's next step is to
that would Isolate and test the relationship between the two variables. This task can be pretty
variables that could confuse test results.
daunting because Raymond will need to identify and eliminate any
The answers for each of the drop-down menu are:
Hypothesis Design and experimentConfoundingWhat is confounding in experimental design?The confounding design is known to be a type of a design where some treatment effects (such as the main or interactions effect) are said to be approximated by the same linear association of the experimental observations as some blocking effects.
Note that an hypothesis is said to be a kind of preplanned or proposed explanation for any kind of a phenomenon that occurs in an experiment.
Therefore based on the issue of Raymond, The answers for each of the drop-down menu are:
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See full question below
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
When Raymond observes certain natural phenomena, he often forms ideas about their causes and effects. Suppose that Raymond surmises that leaves change color in autumn due to scarcity of sunlight. In order to test whether his idea is accurate, he must first construct a falsifiable [THEORY/LAW/HYPOTHESIS] that defines a clear relationship between two variables. Raymond's next step is to [DESIGN AN EXPERIMENT/COMPLETE MATHEMATICAL CALCULATIONS/PROPOSE AND EXPLANATION] that would isolate and test the relationship between the two variables. This task can be pretty daunting because Raymond will need to identify and eliminate any [CONFOUNDING/DEPENDENT/INDEPENDENT] variables that could confuse test results.
The main reason for illegal dumping of
hazardous waste is
A. the lack of laws
B. lack of enforcement of waste laws
C. the considerate nature of hazardous waste producers
D. the cost of legal disposal
Answer:
lack of enforcement of waste laws
B
A scientist is attempting to produce a large quantity of insulin. in order to transfer the gene for insulin production into the bacteria that will be making it, the scientist should use a(n) ___________.
A scientist is attempting to produce a large quantity of insulin. in order to transfer the gene for insulin production into the bacteria that will be making it, the scientist should use a micropipette
What is a micropipette?A micropipette is an electronic lightweight pipette. The best part is called the plunger, the base is the pipette from where the liquid is transferred. It has a measuring scale to measure.The transfer of genes for insulin production. The gene transfer can be accomplished accurately with measurement, so a micropipette will be used here.A micropipette is a common yet essential laboratory mechanism used to accurately and precisely transfer the importance of liquid in the microliter range. Micropipettes are unrestricted in single-channel and multi-channel variants.
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Answer: micropipette
Explanation: i got it right
if a population overshoots its ___ it may have a population crash
explain the national food security of Bhutan based on the concept of photosynthesis?
Food security, as defined by the United Nations' Committee on World Food Security, means that all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their food preferences and dietary needs for an active and healthy life.
B
What is a scientific explanation
for a set of observations that can
be tested and is written with an
"if/then" statement?
a theory
a hypothesis
A scientific explanation for a set of observations that can be tested and is written with an "if/then" statement is referred to as hypothesis and is denoted as option B.
What is Hypothesis?This is defined as the proposed explanation for a particular phenomenon before several experiments are conducted by others in different parts of the world to confirm its authenticity.
It employs the use of words such as "if/then" which shows its unproven status which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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Darwin and ________ both developed and proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection
Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace were the scientist and naturalist who proposed and developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
What is theory of evolution?According to theory of evolution "the process in which all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.
The main features of theory of evolution are:
individuals of a species are not identical characters are trasfered from one generation to next generationthe number of survival species are less than the born speciesthe survivors are able to reproduceTherefore, Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace both developed and proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
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Describe the flow of blood from the umbilical vein to the descending aorta in the developing fetus.
Oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood are transferred across the placenta to the fetus through the umbilical cord. This enriched blood flows through the umbilical vein toward the baby's liver. There it moves through a shunt called the ductus venosus. This allows some of the blood to go to the liver.
A small amount of the blood continues on to the lungs. Most of this blood is shunted through the ductus arteriosus to the descending aorta. This blood then enters the umbilical arteries and flows into the placenta. The oxygen rich blood then returns to the fetus via the third vessel in the umbilical cord (umbilical vein). The oxygen rich blood that enters the fetus passes through the fetal liver and enters the right side of the heart.
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What types of microorganisms are known as obligate intracellular parasites, meaning that they can live and multiply only inside an appropriate host cell?
Viruses are obligate parasites.
Why are viruses known as obligate parasites?A parasite is considered to be obligatory if it entirely relies on its host for habitat, sustenance, reproduction, and survival. It will eventually perish without the host. An organism that cannot reproduce without a host is said to be obligately parasitic. Holoparasite is another name for the obligatory parasite. Obligatory parasites include viruses. They are unable to procreate outside of live cells. They are hence regarded as obligatory intracellular parasites.
They infect a host cell to utilize its genetic resources for reproduction, protein synthesis, and energy production. The virus cannot thrive on culture media that is not alive. It needs functioning cells to maintain its metabolism and grow. It multiplies by independently forming each of its components using host machinery, then putting those components together to create viral particles. A virus is not irritable or mobile. For transfer from one host to another, it needs a vector.
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Which is a function of the cell structure that is labeled x? it stores lipids. it helps in cell metabolism. it provides support. it transports proteins.
A function of the cell structure that it provides support to labeled x .
What is the function of cell?
They give the body structure, absorb nutrients from meals, turn those nutrients into energy, and perform certain tasks. Additionally, cells have the ability to replicate themselves and contain the body's genetic material. Each component of a cell has a different purpose.What is cell structure and function?
Cell architecture - Individual parts of the cell structure each have a specific purpose that is necessary to carry out life's processes. Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell organelles are some of these elements. Continue reading to learn more about the composition and operation of cells.3 Major Functions of a Cell -
Energy Generation.- Living cells exist in a perpetually active biological state. .Molecular Transport - Each cell is surrounded by a membrane that delineates its boundaries and acts as a gatekeeper, controlling the movement of molecules into and out of the cell. Reproduction.Learn more about cell structure
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Answer: B
Explanation:
It provides support.
What is a nucleotide? what are the three parts of a nucleotide? how is a nucleotide (dna) different from a ribonucleotide (rna)?
A nucleotide is the building block of nucleic acids. The three parts of a nucleotide include a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group.
An important difference between ribonucleotide and deoxyribonucleotide is that the ribonucleotide is the precursor molecule of RNA while the deoxyribonucleotide is the precursor molecule of DNA.
Additionally, a ribonucleotide contains a ribose sugar while a deoxyribose sugar is present in a deoxyribonucleotide. Ribonucleotides also have a hydroxyl group on the 2' -position in the ribose.
There are two types of nitrogenous bases- Purines (Adenine and Guanine) and Pyrimidines (Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine). Cytosine is common for both DNA and RNA and Thymine is present in DNA. Uracil is present in RNA at the place of Thymine.
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What is the strongest stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary?
The strongest stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary is "increase in plasma osmolarity."
What is plasma osmolarity?The electrolyte-water balance of the body is measured by plasma osmolality. This quantity can be determined in a number of ways, either through measuring or calculation.
Technically, osmolality or osmolarity are two separate measurements, but in everyday usage, they serve the same purpose.
Some characteristics of plasma osmolarity are-
The pattern of fluid motion within the system, and consequently the concentration of ion and proteins in the solvent, can be controlled by an organism's plasma osmolality or oncotic pressures. We may see the fluid movement's effects as a result, which frequently take the form of edema, dehydration, blood pressure abnormalities, seizures, and variations in intracranial pressure. The administration of intravenous fluids, that are utilized to swiftly change both plasma osmolality or oncotic pressures inside the vascular system, can also be indicated by osmolality abnormalities.To know more about plasma osmolarity, here
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A diffusible virulence factor produced by pathogens to adversely affect the nervous system of humans is called:______.
A diffusible virulence factor produced by pathogens to adversely affect the nervous system of humans is called: Neurotoxin
Toxins known as neurotoxins cause damage to nerve tissue. A broad category of foreign chemicals known as neurotoxins are neurological insults that can negatively impact the function of both growing and mature nerve tissue. Although neurotoxins frequently cause neurological damage, their capacity to target particular neuronal components is crucial for understanding nervous systems. Lead, ethanol (drinking alcohol), glutamate, nitric oxide, botulinum toxin (e.g., Botox), tetanus toxin, and tetrodotoxin are typical examples of neurotoxins. Although neurotoxins frequently cause neurological damage, their capacity to target particular neuronal components is crucial for understanding nervous systems.
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This is for bio , translation and transcription genetics labelling help me pls
Because of its potential to diagnose health issues, one of the largest data requirements of the future will likely be ________.
Because of its potential to diagnose health issues, one of the largest data requirements of the future will likely be Mapping patients' genomes.
What is genetic mapping used for?
The Genetic Mapping is the function of analyzing the human genome as a whole, without focusing on a specific gene. Each existing exam has a specific technique capable of performing the DNA study individually according to each case.
Genetic mapping is a simple test for the patient, simply providing a blood or saliva sample that contains genetic material. Through specific and modern laboratory techniques, the DNA of this sample is isolated and properly sequenced.
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Ostriches don’t use their wings for flight, but they do use them for other functions, such as mating rituals and balance. many ancestors of ostriches did fly. what can you conclude about ostrich behavior from this information?
Scientific evidence is information that supports or contradicts a claim. This information can come from a variety of sources: research, experimentation, and data interpretation. In science, it is important to have multiple pieces of evidence to support your claim. Return to this page to record your evidence while working through the lessons. What evidence have you discovered to support or contradict your claim?
The evidence which I have discovered is that I know of two couples whose genotype are AA; yet they have SS as one of their offsprings
What is scientific evidence?Scientific evidence can simply be defined as proofs which serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis.
As a matter of fact too, observations provide evidence for scientific theories.
Furthermore, scientific claims are statements made in science based on an experiment which usually, frequently and most of the times backs up experimental data which a scientist created.
Scientists employs different types of investigations to research and develop evident explanations for events in the nature
Descriptive investigationComparative investigation.Experimental investigationSo therefore, the evidence which I have and discovered is that I know of two couples whose genotype are AA; yet they have SS as one of their offsprings
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Consider the relationship between monoculture farming and drug-resistant pathogens. how has the culture of capitalism created this relationship?
Monoculture farming is an agricultural practice which is solely based on single crop cultivation method.
Antimicrobial resistance shows an harmful effect include reduced food production, food security with higher economic losses to farm.
What do you mean by monoculture farming?
It a type of hyper-specialized farming system where a single type of crop is grown in a particular time like wheat, corn, soy, and rice are grown.
From farmers point of view, the advantage of this farming system are the gain of highly specialized expertise and knowledge for specific crop and make them more equipped to deal with pests.
The drawbacks include more difficulties in dealing with resistant related pest infestations.
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Do you think the genetic disorders you identified in part a or b would appear in a person’s dna fingerprinting profile? explain your reasoning.
Yes, I believe a person's DNA fingerprint profile would show genetic problems.
It would be visible in a person's DNA fingerprint profile because everyone has some variation in their DNA and genetic abnormalities can be detected in DNA.
What is DNA fingerprinting?The nucleotide sequences of specific areas of human DNA that are particular to each person are utilized in the laboratory procedure known as DNA fingerprinting to ascertain a person's likely identification.
What are genetic disorders?A genetic disorder is a condition that is wholly or partially brought on by a deviation from the typical DNA sequence. A single gene mutation (monogenic disorder), numerous gene mutations (multifactorial inheritance disorder), a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or chromosome damage can all result in genetic illnesses.Learn more about genetic disorders here:
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Cell division is regulated by two major genes. ___________ stimulate cell division and ___________ inhibits cell division.
A. oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes
B. proto-oncogenes, oncogenes
C. tumor suppressor genes, proto-oncogenes
D. proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes
The answer is A
Explanation:
Two classes of genes, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, link cell cycle control to tumor formation and development. Oncogenes in their proto-oncogene state drive the cell cycle forward, allowing cells to proceed from one cell cycle stage to the next.
What substances directly controls the reaborbtion of water in the collecting duct?
Antidiuretic hormone also known as Vasopressin directly controls the reabsorption of water in the collecting duct.
What do you mean by the Collecting duct?The collecting duct system is the important and final component of the kidney that influences the electrolyte and fluid balance in the body.The collecting duct system is under the control of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The collecting duct becomes permeable to water due to the presence of ADH. The collecting duct system also help in the regulation of other electrolytes like chloride, potassium, hydrogen ions, and bicarbonate.Antidiuretic hormone helps the kidneys to control the amount of water and salt in the body which in turn helps to control the blood pressure and the amount of urine formed.
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If a man weighs 190 lb and eats 150 g protein per day, his protein intake is _____ of the recommended dietary allowance (rda)
The RDA for protein is 0.8 g per kilogram of body weight. This man's weight is 190 lb, or 86 kg; 86 kg × 0.8 = 69.1 g protein per day. Thus, an intake of 150 g is more than twice his RDA of 69.1 g of protein per day.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of protein for adults is 0.8 g per kilogram of body weight. To determine your RDA for protein, multiply your weight in pounds by 0.36.The protein RDA for adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram of healthy body weight per day.
Proteins build muscle mass and contour, facilitate hair, nails and bone growth, regulate energy levels, and support chemical processes within the body which include enzyme, hormone and antibody production.
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Body wrapping solutions multiple choice cause a permanent reduction in body girth. do not result in lost body fat. cause fat to be drawn from tissue. have caused multiple fatalities.
The correct option is (b) do not result in lost body fat.
The purpose of heated body wraps and belly belts is to burn fat and lose weight quickly. A lot of these solutions need you to cover the skin with a non-breathable plastic film after applying a thin layer of topical heat cream.
The right expectations should be set since body wraps are intended for inch loss rather than weight loss. Although body wraps may momentarily tighten your skin, this effect is not long-lasting. You see, it's not actually removing fat. It is merely water retention and weight. Coolsculpting or liposuction are more successful methods of reducing stubborn fat.
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Since the sympathetic division travels through t1– l2, how are the organs of the head supplied with sympathetic innervation?
The organs of the head supplied with sympathetic innervation through the preganglionic neurons of the SANS originate in the thoracic and lumbar (T1 to L2) areas of the spinal cord, with the cell bodies dispersed in four symmetrically and bilaterally distributed regions of the grey matter.
Sympathetic innervation in some cranial nerves' distal branches do not travel from the brain or brain stem. Only in the thoracolumbar area of the spinal cord do sympathetic nerve impulses exit the brain. An element of the autonomic nervous system is the sympathetic nervous system. It is automatic and works with the parasympathetic nervous system to keep the body in equilibrium.
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Sperm release ________ to break down the bonds between adjacent follicle cells surrounding the oocyte
Sperm release hyaluronidase to break down the bonds between adjacent follicle cells surrounding the oocyte.
In mammalian fertilization, the sperm cell's acrosome releases hyaluronidase after reaching the oocyte, breaking down hyaluronan in the corona radiata to enable conception. Sperm hyaluronidase has been linked to sperm penetration of the cumulus oophorus' extracellular matrix and may be extremely important for gamete contact and mammalian reproduction.The hyaluronidase enzymes on the surface of the sperm help it break through this covering when a capacitated sperm reaches the ovum. When this happens, the sperm might connect to the zona pellucida. Hyaluronidase breaks the egg's vitelline membrane as part of its function.learn more about Sperm here: https://brainly.com/question/1154065
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A 3-year-old child becomes nervous as he runs screaming into his parents’ room. What might the boy’s mother, a neurologist, notice about the child?
The boy's mother, a neurologist noticed sympathetic activation of the radial muscles of the iris dilated the child's pupil.
In humans, the dilator muscles of the iris contains fibers that extend radially through the iris of the eye and involuntarily contract as available light decreases, thus dilating the pupil.
Pupillary dilation is controlled primarily by the sympathetic nervous system and interruption of the innervation of the dilator muscle can cause an abnormally small pupil, a condition seen as part of Horner syndrome.
Pupillary dilator increases the size of the pupil to allow more light to enter the eyes. It works in opposition to the pupillary constrictor. The pupil dilation occurs when there is an insufficient light for the normal functioning of eyes or during heightened sympathetic activity, for example during fear .
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Ethical dilemmas raised by dna technology and knowledge of the human genome include?
Ethical dilemmas raised by DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome include the potential for interfering in evolution, the safety of GM foods and the potential discrimination against people predisposed to certain diseases.
What about DNA?Recombinant DNA technology raises safety concerns such as "gene pollution" of the environment leading to "superweeds" and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Health impacts of GMO-containing food. Effectiveness of medicinal substances created using DNA technology, allergenicity, and adverse immunological reactions.Basic human mistake and bias, accusing the innocent of crimes, privacy rights, and an increase in racial inequities are some of these problems. Researchers Itiel Dror and Greg Hampikian discovered in their widely cited study from 2011 that forensic professionals and lab technicians had quite different perspectives on how to analyze DNA.Germline genome editing raises a number of bioethical concerns, including the possibility of unintended modifications to the genome, who should provide informed consent, how to do so, and the breeding of the human species (eugenics).Learn more about DNA here:
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Disclaimer: The question given in the portal is incomplete. Here, The complete question.
Question: Ethical dilemmas raised by DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome include ______.
A. the potential for interfering in evolution
B. the safety of GM foods
C. the potential discrimination against people predisposed to certain diseases
D. all of the above
Arrange the layers of rock oldest to youngest- conglomerate, limestone with crinoid, shale with ammonite, sandstone with trilobite
Oldest to youngest
Sandstone with trilobite → limestone with crinoid → shale with ammonite → conglomerate
According to the rule of superposition, rock strata (layers) that are the furthest from the ground's surface are the oldest (formed earliest) and those that are the nearest to it are the youngest (formed most recently).
What is a Rock ?A rock is a dense mass of mineral grains that have grown or been cemented together over time. There are big rocks and little rocks. Pebbles are little rocks. One or more minerals can be found in every rock.
According to how they were formed, rocks are categorised by geologists (those who study rocks and minerals).Among the physical characteristics of rocks are density, porosity, and permeability. Elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and rock strength are the primary characteristics of rocks in terms of mechanics.Learn more about Rocks here:
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The layers of rock can be arranged from oldest to youngest as follows:
1. Conglomerate: This is the oldest layer. Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock composed of rounded gravel and pebbles that have been cemented together. It forms when gravel and pebbles are transported by water and then deposited and compacted over time.
2. Shale with ammonite: Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of mud and clay. The presence of an ammonite fossil indicates that this layer is younger than the conglomerate layer.
3. Limestone with crinoid: Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate. The presence of a crinoid fossil suggests that this layer is younger than the shale layer.
4. Sandstone with trilobite: Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized particles that have been cemented together. The presence of a trilobite fossil indicates that this layer is the youngest.
To summarize, the layers from oldest to youngest are: conglomerate, shale with ammonite, limestone with crinoid, and sandstone with trilobite. Each layer represents a different period of time in Earth's history and contains distinct types of fossils that help geologists determine their relative ages.
Enteric bacteria most useful in the routine monitoring of microbial pollution are gram-negative rods called?
E-coli bacteria which most useful in the routine monitoring of microbial pollution are gram negative rods and this is common indicator organism of water contamination.
It is important to identify enteric bacteria which is one of the major causes of diarrhea disease is bacteria and that detection of pathogenic bacteria is a global key to the prevention and identification of food borne diseases and enteric infections like diarrhea.
The extent of water contamination can be measured using these indicator organisms. This fecal coli-form group has been used as the most common indicator of general wastewater contamination because they are abundant and easy to identify.
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The hindbrain of the embryo develops into the pons, the medulla oblongata, part of the spinal cord, and what other structure?
The hindbrain of the embryo develops into the pons, the medulla oblongata of the spinal cord and the cerebellum.
What is the cerebellum?The cerebellum is a prominent part of the hindbrain and is located just above the brainstem. The cerebellum controls all the voluntary movements of the body and is also responsible for maintaining balance and posture.
The cerebellum is said to make up for 10% of the brain's volume but has more than 50% of the brain's total neurons.
The cerebellum is made up of two parts; a cerebral cortex, a layer made of folded tissue which contains most of the neurons and cerebral nuclei, an inner part which contains the neurons responsible for communication.
Therefore, the hindbrain develops into the pons, medulla oblongata and cerebellum.
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