-173 degrees Celsius is an extremely frigid temperature, and it is beyond the freezing point of most substances. At this temperature, any exposed skin or tissue would almost instantly freeze, leading to severe frostbite or even the formation of ice crystals within the body. Breathing would be difficult and potentially dangerous, as the extremely cold air could cause damage to the respiratory system. In such extreme cold, metal objects may become brittle and break, and liquids would freeze rapidly. Overall, -173 degrees Celsius would feel unbearable and life-threatening.
At -173 degrees Celsius, the human body would not be able to withstand the extreme cold without proper insulation and protection. The cold would penetrate through clothing and any exposed skin, rapidly extracting heat from the body. Within seconds, the body would start experiencing pain, numbness, and tingling sensations as frostbite sets in. The extreme cold would cause blood vessels to constrict, impairing blood flow and oxygen supply to the extremities.
As a result, frostbite, tissue damage, and hypothermia would occur rapidly. Breathing in such cold temperatures would be challenging, as the cold air could cause constriction of the airways and potentially damage the lungs. In summary, -173 degrees Celsius would be an inhospitable and life-threatening environment that would quickly lead to severe frostbite, tissue damage, and potentially death.
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After a morning of cross-country skiing, you return to the chalet and you prepare a good broth.
You pour 250 mL (1g/mL) of broth into a cup at a temperature of 70°C (c = 4.18 J/g•°C).
To avoid burning yourself, you add 50 mL of cold water at 5°C to the cup. What will be the
final broth temperature?
The final broth temperature will be approximately 38.4°C.
When mixing two substances with different temperatures, we can use the principle of conservation of energy. The energy lost by the hot substance (broth) is equal to the energy gained by the cold substance (water), assuming no energy is lost to the surroundings. This can be expressed using the equation:
Q_lost = Q_gained
The energy lost by the broth can be calculated using the formula:
Q_lost = m_broth * c_broth * (T_final - T_initial)
where m_broth is the mass of the broth, c_broth is its specific heat capacity, T_final is the final temperature, and T_initial is the initial temperature of the broth.
Similarly, the energy gained by the water can be calculated using:
Q_gained = m_water * c_water * (T_final - T_initial)
Since the two substances reach thermal equilibrium, we can set Q_lost equal to Q_gained:
m_broth * c_broth * (T_final - T_initial) = m_water * c_water * (T_final - T_initial)
Plugging in the given values and solving for T_final, we find that the final temperature of the broth is approximately 38.4°C.
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A 3.69 g
sample of a compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur was combusted in excess oxygen. This produced 2.08 g
CO2
and 1.28 g
H2O
. A second sample of this compound with a mass of 4.65 g
produced 4.77 g
SO3
. A third sample of this compound with a mass of 8.62 g
produced 3.48 g
HNO3
. Determine the empirical formula of the compound. Enter the correct subscripts on the given chemical formula.
The empirical formula of the compound is C₂H₁₆S₂N₃O.
What is the empirical formula of the compound?The moles of each element is as follows::
For CO₂:
Carbon (C) has a molar mass of 12.01 g/mol.
Oxygen (O) has a molar mass of 16.00 g/mol.
Moles of C in CO₂ = 2.08 g / 12.01 g/mol = 0.173 moles
Moles of O in CO₂ = 2.08 g / 16.00 g/mol = 0.130 moles
For H₂O:
Hydrogen (H) has a molar mass of 1.01 g/mol.
Oxygen (O) has a molar mass of 16.00 g/mol.
Moles of H in H₂O = 1.28 g / 1.01 g/mol = 1.27 moles
Moles of O in H₂O = 1.28 g / 16.00 g/mol = 0.080 moles
For SO₃:
Sulfur (S) has a molar mass of 32.06 g/mol.
Oxygen (O) has a molar mass of 16.00 g/mol.
Moles of S in SO₃ = 4.77 g / 32.06 g/mol = 0.149 moles
Moles of O in SO₃ = 4.77 g / 16.00 g/mol = 0.298 moles
For HNO₃:
Hydrogen (H) has a molar mass of 1.01 g/mol.
Nitrogen (N) has a molar mass of 14.01 g/mol.
Oxygen (O) has a molar mass of 16.00 g/mol.
Moles of H in HNO₃ = 3.48 g / 1.01 g/mol = 3.45 moles
Moles of N in HNO₃ = 3.48 g / 14.01 g/mol = 0.248 moles
Moles of O in HNO₃ = 3.48 g / 16.00 g/mol = 0.217 moles
The simplest whole-number ratio of the elements will be:
Carbon: 0.173 moles / 0.080 moles ≈ 2.16
Hydrogen: 1.27 moles / 0.080 moles ≈ 15.88
Sulfur: 0.149 moles / 0.080 moles ≈ 1.86
Nitrogen: 0.248 moles / 0.080 moles ≈ 3.10
Oxygen: 0.080 moles / 0.080 moles = 1
Therefore, the empirical formula is C₂H₁₆S₂N₃O.
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What would be the formula of the compound that forms between Al and S?
a) AIS
b) Al₂S
c) AIS2
d) Al3S2
e) None of the above
The correct formula for the compound that forms between aluminum (Al) and sulfur (S) is (d) Al₂S₃.
The correct option is E, none of the above.
What is the nature of the reaction between Al and S?The reaction between aluminum (Al) and sulfur (S) is an example of a chemical reaction known as a combination or synthesis reaction. In this reaction, aluminum and sulfur combine to form a
.
The chemical equation for the reaction is:
2Al + 3S → Al₂S₃
Aluminum has a 3+ charge (Al³⁺) and sulfur has a 2- charge (S²⁻). In order to balance the charges, two aluminum ions (Al³⁺) are needed to combine with three sulfur ions (S²⁻), resulting in the formula Al₂S.
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