To prevent the system refrigerant from quickly dropping in temperature and pressure, refrigerant recovery should?

Answer:

option b is the answer of given statementtwo atoms of potassium react with one molecule of chlorine to produce two molecules of potassium chloride

The volume of the aqueous solution of sodium sulfate required is 153.85 mL.

The number of moles of the salt in the given mass is calculated as follows;

moles = reacting mass / molar mass

molar mass of  sodium sulfate = 142 g/mole

moles = (4.27) / (142)

moles = 0.03 mole

Concentration = moles/volume in liters

0.195 = 0.03/V

V = 0.03/0.195

V = 0.15385 liters

V = 153.85 mL

Thus, the volume of the aqueous solution of sodium sulfate required is 153.85 mL.

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A 1. 7 m solution of the acid ha has a ph of 1. 0, then the ka of the acid is 6.25×10^(-3).

The acid dissociation constant is defined as the value which is used to measure the strength of the specific acid in the solution.

Equation for general dissociation of strong or weak acid is

HA ----- (H+) + ( A-)

Ka can be expressed as

Ka = [H+] [A-]/[HA]

where [H+] is the concentration of H+ ions

Now, we will find the value of concentration of H+ ions

pH = -log [H+]

1 = -log[H+]

[H+] = antilog(-1)

[H+] = 0.1

By using ICE table, we find that the concentration of [HA] is

1.7-0.1

= 1.6

By substituting all the values we get,

Ka = 0.1 × 0.1/1.6

= 6.25×10^(-3)

Thus, we find that the Ka value of the given solution is 6.25×10^(-3).

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When the reactants have less enthalpy than the products, then heat energy is given out. That is option A.

An exothermic reaction is a type of reaction in which the energy level of the reactants are higher than that of the product.

It is this discrepancy in the energy levels of both the reactants and products would lead to the generation and release of energy into the surrounding environment.

The enthalpy of exothermic reaction is gotten by the difference between the energy needed to break the bonds of reactants and the energy needed for the formation of products.

Therefore,when the reactants have less enthalpy than the products, then heat energy is given out.

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Answer:

Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The mass of an atom is determined by the total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus. The difference between an atom and an ion is the number of electrons. The change of electrons does not change the mass because electrons have a negligible mass. In other words, the mass of electrons is so small, it is considered insignificant.

Answer:

1.1 atm

Explanation:

moles of neon =  10.0g /20.2g/mole =.495 mole

moles of ar      =  10.0 g /39.9 g/mole= .251 mole

the partial pressure of each is determined  by their mole fractions of the entire mix

Ne   .495 mole / (.495 + .251 mole)   * 1.6 atm =

      1.1 atm    ( to two significant figures)

Answer:

3.0 L O₂

Explanation:

If CO reacts at STP, it means that there are 1.0 moles of CO. To find the moles of O₂, you need to use the mole-to-mole ratio from the given equation.

1.0 moles CO            1 mole O₂
----------------------  x  ---------------------  =  0.5 moles O₂
                                2 moles CO

To calculate the liters of oxygen, you need to use Avogadro's Law:

V₁ / N₁ = V₂ / N₂

In this equation, "V₁" and "N₁" represent the volume and moles of the first molecule. "V₂" and "N₂" represent the volume and moles of the second molecule. You can plug the given and calculated values into the equation and simplify to isolate V₂.

V₁ = 6.0 L                     V₂ = ? L

N₁ = 1.0 moles              N₂ = 0.5 moles

V₁ / N₁ = V₂ / N₂                                            <----- Avogadro's Law

(6.0 L) / (1.0 moles) = V₂ / (0.5 moles)         <----- Insert values

6.0 = V₂ / (0.5 moles)                                   <----- Simplify left side

3.0 = V₂                                                         <----- Multiply both sides by 0.5

**I am not 100% confident on this answer. Please let me know if it is incorrect**

Answer:

2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g)

If 9.0 L of O2 react at STP, how

many moles of CO2 form during the

reaction?

[?] mol CO2

Explanation:

What would it be if it was 9.0?

Answer:

(1/0)n

See attached explanation.

The products of hydrolysis when the polypeptide is treated with  chymotrypsin are endo-peptidases.

Chymotrypsin is a digestive enzyme that breaks down protein in the  form of  small intestine .This  enzyme is a substance that speeds up certain chemical reactions in the body.

A digestive enzyme is a specialized protein that breaks down  the substances in the digestive tract by catalyzing  biochemical reactions.

The chymotrypsin active site consists of aspartic acid, serine, and histidine amino acid residues.

Chymotrypsin works primarily due to its hydrophobic pocket in the active site.

Products of hydrolysis  when the polypeptide is treated with chymotrypsin are endo-peptidases.

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Soil particles, soot, lead (pb), asbestos, sea salt, and sulfuric acid droplets are all types of particulate matter.

The atmosphere is dusty .The solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere .

Examples : Soil particles, soot, lead (pb), asbestos, sea salt, and sulfuric acid droplets are all types of particulate matter

There are different categories of particulate matter. Such as mold spores , bacteria , dust , smoke and airborne viral paricles. The major sources of particulates matter are wildfires , dust storms , sea spray , volcanic eruption , and industrial process.

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The correct answer choice which is the most common use of polyvinyl chloride is: plastic pipes. Option C

Below are some other uses of polyvinyl chloride:

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is polymer which is used in various applications including widespread use in building, transport, packaging, electrical and healthcare applications.

So therefore, the most common use of polyvinyl chloride is in the making of plastic pipes

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There are 4 different products will be formed from a poorly planned crossed aldol addition.

In a crossed aldol condensation, two distinct ketone and aldehyde reactants are used. Due to the possibility of several enolate nucleophiles as well as multiple carbonyl electrophiles, similar reactions typically result in a variety of distinct condensation products.

Ethanol and propanol undergo cross-aldol condensation, which results in two products:

Therefore, the correct answer will be option (d)

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There are four different products can be formed from a poorly planned crossed aldol addition.

So the correct option is D

Two distinct ketone and aldehyde reactants are used in a crossed condensation reaction. Due to presence of distinct ketone and aldehyde reactants there are possibility of formation of several enolate ion nucleophiles as well as multiple carbonyl electrophile .

Example : Ethanal and propanone undergoes cross-aldol condensation reaction and give results in two products.

First case: ethanal acts as enolate ion

Second case: propanone acts as enolate ion

Third case: when self condensation is also a product.

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430 g of AgCl would be needed to make a 4.0m solution with a volume of 0.75 L.

Remember that mol/L is the unit of molarity (M).

We can compute the necessary number of moles of solute by multiplying the concentration by the liters of solution, according to dimensional analysis.

0.75L×4.0M=3.0mol

Then, using the periodic table's molar mass for AgCl, convert from moles to grams:

3.0mol×143.321gmol=429.963g

The final step is to round to the correct significant figure, which in this case is two: 430g.

Hence, 430 g of AgCl would be needed to make a 4.0m solution with a volume of 0.75 L.

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The volume of 5.0 m hcl is required to react completely with 3.00 g of magnesium is 20 L.

Mg + 2HCl -----MgCl2 + H2

Given,

Molar mass of Mg = 24g/mol

Mole = Given mass/ Molar mass

Mole= 3/24

= 0.125 mol

From the given equation we get to know that

Mol ratio of Mg and HCl is 1:2.

Therefore,

mol of HCl = (2/1) × mol of Mg

=2× 0.125

= 0.25

Molarity = m× V

= M/m

= 5/0.25

= 20L

Thus, we find that the volume of 5.0 m hcl is required to react completely with 3.00 g of magnesium is 20 L.

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Energy required to raise the temperature from 35°C - 45 °C= 25116 J.

specific heat, the quantity of warmth required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by means of one Celsius degree. The units of precise warmth are generally energy or joules consistent with gram according to Celsius diploma. for instance, the unique warmth of water is 1 calorie (or 4.186 joules) according to gram in step with Celsius degree.

solving,

Sample of liquid = 400. 0 g

temperature = 30. 0 ºc

joules of energy are required to raise the temperature of the water to 45. 0 ºc

therefore rise in temperature 45 - 30 = 15°C

Specific heat capacity = 4.186 J/g m °C

In kelvin = 273 + 15 = 288

          = ∴ energy required = Q = m s ( t final - t initial)

            =  400*4.186 * 15

           = 25116 joule

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The amount of barium ions that must be present in order for the salt to precipitate is 0.245 M.

A solution's solubility product is the result of raising each ion's concentration to the power of its stoichiometric ratio. It is portrayed as

A combination of 1 barium ion and 2 fluoride ions results in the ionic compound known as barium fluoride.

The following equation describes the equilibrium reaction for barium fluoride ionization:

BaF₂ → Ba²⁺ + 2F⁻

Ksp = [Ba²⁺] · [F⁻]²

2.45*[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]= [Ba²⁺] * [tex][1. 00*10^{-2} ]^{2}[/tex]

[Ba²⁺]=0.245 M

As a result, 0.245 M of barium ions must be present in order for the salt to precipitate.

Solubility in chemistry refers to a chemical's capacity to dissolve in another substance, the solvent, to produce a solution. Inability of the solute to create such a solution is the opposite quality, or insolubility. A substance's degree of solubility in a given solvent is often determined by the amount of the solute present in a saturated solution, which is a solution in which no additional solute can be dissolved. The solubility equilibrium between the two compounds is considered to have been reached at this time. If there is no such restriction for a given solute and solvent, the two are referred to as being "miscible in any amounts."

What concentration of the barium ion, ba2 , must be exceeded to precipitate baf2 from a solution that is 1. 00×10−2 m in the fluoride ion, f−? ksp for barium fluoride is 2. 45×10−5

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Ksp of PbBr₂ is 6.60 × 10⁻⁶. The molar solubility of PbBr₂ in pure water is 0.0118M.

Ksp or Solubility Product Constant is an equilibrium constant for the dissociation in an aqueous solution.

Molar solubility (S) is the concentration of the dissolved substance in a solution that is saturated.

Let the molar solubility be S upon dissociation.

PbBr₂ or Lead Bromide dissociates in pure water as follows:

                          PbBr₂ ----------> Pb⁺² + Br⁻

                                                     S      2S

Ksp = [Pb⁺²] [ Br⁻]

Ksp = (S) (2S)²

Ksp = 4S³

6.60 × 10⁻⁶ = 4S³

S = 0.0118M

Hence, the Molar solubility S is 0.0118M.

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When 3. 41 g of C6H12O6 is dissolved in 85 ml of water the molality is 2.2m.

Molality is the amount of a substance dissolved in a certain mass of solvent.

Molality = moles of solute/ mass of solvent (kg)

Given,

Mass of solute = 3.14g

Molar mass of solute = 180 g

Mole of solute= given mass/molar mass

= 3.14/180

= 0.0189 mol.

Volume of solvent = 85 ml

Density of water = 1 g/cm3

Density = mass/ volume

mass = density × volume

= 1× 85

= 85g

Molality = (0.0189/ 85) × 1000

= 2.2m

Thus we find that the molality of given solution is 2.2m.

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The potential of the hydrogen in water gives the pH of the acidity and basicity of the solution. The pH of the solution is 9.06. Thus, option iii is correct.

The pH of a substance is given by the subtraction of the pOH from 14 which is the range of the pH scale.

The dissociation reaction for ammonia is given as,

NH₃ (aq) + H₂O (l)  ⇄  NH₄⁺ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq)

Here, the concentration of ammonia is [NH₃] - x, ammonium ion is [NH₄⁺] + x, and hydroxide ion is x.

The molar concentration of ammonia is,

M = (0.12 M × 0.2 L) ÷ 0.45 L = 0.053 M

The molar concentration of ammonium ion is,

M = (0.15 M × 0.25 L) ÷ 0.45 L = 0.083 M

From the base dissociation constant and previous concentration from the reaction, the value of x or hydroxide ion is calculated as,

Kb = [NH₄⁺][OH⁻] ÷ [NH₃]

1.8 × 10⁻⁵ (0.053 - x) - (0.083 + x) × x = 0

x = [OH⁻] = 1.15 x 10⁻⁵

The pH from the hydroxide ion is calculated as,

pOH = - log [OH⁻]

= - log (1.15 x 10⁻⁵)

= 4.94

Further,

pH = 14 - pOH

= 14 - 4.94

= 9.06

Therefore, option iii. 9.06 is the pH of the solution.

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Pyruvate substance is a product of glycolysis, a precursor of gluconeogenesis and a precursor of the citric acid cycle

A crucial node in the network of metabolic pathways is pyruvate. Pyruvate can be transformed into ethanol, the amino acid alanine, fatty acids or energy through acetyl-CoA, carbohydrates through gluconeogenesis, and fatty acids or energy. As a result, it combines numerous important metabolic activities.

Pyruvate's main job is to carry carbon atoms into the mitochondrion where they are fully oxidized into carbon dioxide.

The final byproduct of glycolysis, pyruvate, is crucial to cell metabolism. It is made in the cytosol and then oxidized in the mitochondria, where it activates oxidative phosphorylation and feeds the citric acid cycle.

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Answer:

Fe(C₂H₃O₂)₃,  Fe(CN)₃,  Pb(C₂H₃O₂)₄,  Pb(CN)₄

Explanation:

Cations (positively charged ions) can only form ionic bonds with anions (negatively charged ions). However, you can't just simply put one cation and one anion together to form a compound. Each compound needs to been neutral, or have an overall charge of 0. When cations and anions do not have charges that perfectly cancel, you need to modify the amount of each ion in the compound.

1.) Fe(C₂H₃O₂)₃

-----> Fe³⁺ and C₂H₃O₂⁻

-----> +3 + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) = 0

2.) Fe(CN)₃

-----> Fe³⁺ and CN⁻

-----> +3 + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) = 0

3.) Pb(C₂H₃O₂)₄

-----> Pb⁴⁺ and C₂H₃O₂⁻

-----> +4 + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) = 0

4.) Pb(CN)₄

-----> Pb⁴⁺ and CN⁻

-----> +4 + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) = 0

Answer:

4.43 g Cl₂

Explanation:

To find the mass of Cl₂, you need to (1) convert moles HCl to moles Cl₂ (via the mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients) and then (2) convert moles Cl₂ to grams (via the molar mass). It is important to arrange the conversions/ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 significant figures like the given value.

4 HCl(g) + O₂(g) -----> 2 Cl₂(g) + 2 H₂O(g)
^                                   ^

Molar Mass (Cl₂): 2(35.453 g/mol)

Molar Mass (Cl₂): 70.906 g/mol

0.125 moles HCl          2 moles Cl₂             70.906 g
--------------------------  x  ----------------------  x  -------------------  =  4.43 g Cl₂
                                     4 moles HCl              1 mole

A piston-cylinder device contains helium gas, during a reversible, isothermal process the entropy of the helium will sometimes increase.

As entropy of an ideal gas depends on pressure and temperature . Hence , entropy change during isothermal process if pressure changes . Enropy changes whenever there is a transfer of heat . The change in entropy is the heat added divided by the temperature at which the transfer took place .

A piston-cylinder is a moving device that is made tight by the piston rings. It moves inside in a cylinder in the form of liquid and later expands and then contracts.

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Answer:

21.92 gm

Explanation:

A 1.5 M  solution would have 1.5 * 58.44 = 87.66 gm per liter

   you only need 1/4 of this (250 ml)    =  21.92 gm

The type of reaction that is represented by these diagrams (attached) are given as:  "condensation polymerization" (Option D)

Any type of polymer in polymer science that undergoes a condensation reaction during the polymerization process is referred to as a condensation polymer (i.e. a little molecules, methanol or water is derived as a metabolite).

The provided reaction is an example of condensation polymerization because it involves the combination of two monomers, which produces a big polymer and water as a byproduct.

Condensation polymers make significant contributions to the packaging, insulation, and textile sectors as far as real-world application of same is concerned.

Also examples of times that are condensation polymers and that have silicon rather than carbon as part of their molecular or structural make up are;

In conclusion, it is to be noted that The type of reaction that is represented by these diagrams (attached) are given as:  "condensation polymerization"

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Answer:

condensation polymerization

Explanation:

Energy was given out in the process as such the reaction must be exothermic given the loss of energy.

The reaction profile shows the the interaction between substances. Now the vertical axes shows the energy while the horizontal axes shows the course of the reaction. The hump at the top of the profile shows the activation energy. The activation energy is the maximum energy that is required for reactants to cross the barrier and become products.

Now we know that the endothermic reaction is one in which energy is taken in while an exothermic reaction is one in which energy is given out.

As such we can see from the graph that the energy of the reactants is greater than that of the products. This implies that energy was given out in the process as such the reaction must be exothermic given the loss of energy.

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The resulting solution made from the combination of 50 ml of 1.0 M LiOH with 50 ml of 1.0 M HBr will be identical in all respects to 100 ml of 0.5 M LiBr.

Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solutes dissolved in 1L of solution. Molarity is also known as Molar concentration. The S.I unit of Molarity is molar (M) or mol/L.

It is expressed as:

Molarity = [tex]\frac{\text{Number of moles}}{\text{Volume (in L)}}[/tex]

Number of moles = Molarity × Volume

Moles of LiOH = 1.0 × 0.05         [1 ml = 0.001 L]

                        = 0.05 mol

Moles of HBr = 1.0 × 0.05         [1 ml = 0.001 L]

                      = 0.05 mol

Now put the values in above formula we get

Molarity = [tex]\frac{\text{Number of moles}}{\text{Volume (in L)}}[/tex]

             = [tex]\frac{0.05}{0.1}[/tex]

             = 0.5 M LiBr

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The resulting solution made from the combination of 50 ml of 1.0 M LiOH with 50 ml of 1.0 M HBr will be identical in all respects to 100 ml of 0.5 M LiBr.

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Answer:

Three different atoms or atomic cations with 25 electrons = Mn ,Fe¹+ ,Co²+ ,Ni³+ ,Cu⁴+

The reaction between m-cresol and sodium hydroxide will create sodium m-cresolate and water.

The structure of the organic creation (sodium m-cresolate) and the reaction is described in the attached picture.

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The pH= 7.57 ,  pOH = 6.86, and  [OH-] = 1.58 x 10⁻⁴ M M of the given solution.

pH is a scale that measures the acidity and basicity of a solution. Its ranges from 1 to 14. Seven is neutral.

The H given is 7. 2 × 10⁻⁸ m

Calculating the pOH

[H⁺] = 10^(-7.20)

[H⁺] = 6.31 x 10⁻⁹ M

pOH = 14 - 7.2

pOH = 6.8

Calculating the [oh−]

[OH⁻] = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴ / 6.31 x 10⁻⁹

[OH⁻] = 1.58 x 10⁻⁴ M

Calculating the pH

pH = 14 - 6.43

pH = 7.57

Thus, the pH= 7.57 , pOH = 6.86, and  [OH-] = 1.58 x 10⁻⁴ M.

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