Answer:
In the first step, the information in DNA is transferred to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule by way of a process called transcription
Explanation:
What could explain the significant increase in antibodies to non-Lyme disease antigens (blue line)? (Answer in comments)
The inability of the immune system to recognize the non-Lyme disease as invasive early enough.
What is the immune system?The immune system is the system in the body that is necessary for fighting the foreign bodies that enter into the body. They are able to recognize these intruders and attack them accordingly.
In this case, the increase in the non-Lyme disease antigens shown in the blue line is caused by the inability of the immune system to recognize the non-Lyme disease as invasive early enough.
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True or false: the issues submitted to arbitration in any state cannot include questions of law. group of answer choices true false
The issues submitted to arbitration in any state cannot include questions of law is therefore regarded as a false statement in this type of context given in the question
What is Arbitration?This is referred to an alternative way in which dispute or conflict is usually resolved. This type of conflict resolution takes place outside the judicial court and involves two or more persons to tackle it.
The issues submitted to it in any state can include questions of law and its different applications in scenarios. This helps to ensure impartial judgement is delivered by the individuals involved after clearer understanding of the law after interpretations.
This is therefore the reason why false was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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How is this discovery an example of the importance of how the scientific community works? Include in your answer what the phrase ""cross-applications"" means
The scientific community is diverse network that interesting scientists. Its included working on particular scientific fields and within particular institutions, cross application and interdisciplinary activities are significant only.
Discovering is multi disciplinary peer reviewed open access journal passionate to publishing the research on diversity of scientific fields. Discovery serves as a form for exchange of views and ideas among researches.
This made of researchers, students , lab technicians , the people who works at scientific journals , employees at funding agencies , that helps in science govern itself and move forwarded. Its aim to process of science. And members of scientific community works together and help in inspire new ideas.
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The concentration of the pesticide ddt is likely highest in which organism? group of answer choices a mosquito larva algae a seagull a minnow plankton
Seagull is likely to have the highest concentration of the pesticide DDT.
The amount of DDT is expressed in parts per million. In a food chain, the amount of toxic buildup increases along with the trophic level. In the tissues and fat of an organism, toxins accumulate. Aquatic animals are extremely harmful to DDT. DDT has an impact on a number of aquatic animal systems, including the heart and brain. Fish are extremely harmful to DDT.DDT is difficult for fish to detect in water. When an animal eats food that contains DDT residue, the DDT builds up in the animal's tissue through a process known as bioaccumulation. The biomagnification mechanism causes the concentration of DDT in an animal's body to increase the higher up the food chain the animal is. Here the seagull is the highest in the food chain and thus will be most affected by the DDT concentration.
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When b cell receptors are brought close enough together to cause b cells to be activated, the brcs are said to be:_____.
When B cell receptors are brought close enough together to cause B cells to be activated, the BRCs are said to be Crosslinked.
What are B cell receptors?
The B cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell. A B cell receptor is composed of a membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecule and a signal transduction moiety. The former forms a type 1 transmembrane receptor protein, and is typically located on the outer surface of these lymphocyte cells. Through biochemical signalling and by physically acquiring antigens from the immune synapses, the BCR controls the activation of the B cell. B cells are able to gather and grab antigens by engaging biochemical modules for receptor clustering, cell spreading, generation of pulling forces, and receptor transport, which eventually culminates in endocytosis and antigen presentation. B cells' mechanical activity adheres to a pattern of negative and positive feedbacks that regulate the quantity of removed antigen by manipulating the dynamic of BCR–antigen bonds directly. Particularly, grouping and spreading increase the relation of antigen with BCR, thereby proving sensitivity and amplification. On the other hand, pulling forces delinks the antigen from the BCR, thus testing the quality of antigen binding.To learn more about B cell receptor: https://brainly.com/question/15076966
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When is cell-to-cell communication particularly important in regulating gene expression?
Answer:
during embryonic development
Explanation:
Cell-to-cell communication is particularly important in regulating gene expression during the embryonic development.
Cells in the developing embryo are constantly communicating with their neighbors. The molecules used by them in sending and receiving signals are crucial for normal embryogenesis. Various intracellular signaling pathways have been discovered, some of which are activated in response to secreted growth factors.
However, a few important signaling pathways are used often during embryonic development to regulate various cellular processes that shape the developing embryo.
Embryonic development is marked by the thorough regulation of cellular functioning so that the cells proliferate, migrate, differentiate, and form tissues at the correct place and time. These processes are genetically controlled and depend both on the history of cells, their lineage, as well as on the activities of signaling pathways, which coordinate the cell interactions leading to organogenesis.
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Soil is considered to be a living system. As such, it contains both biotic and abiotic factors. Which of the following is a biotic, or living, part of the soil?
A. minerals
B. gases
C. microorganisms
Answer:
C. microorganisms is your answerExplanation:
Minerals and gases are abioticMicroorganisms are biotic or living things.Bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi are microorganisms. And there're living organisms.Muscle fatigue occurs as ______ increases in concentration in the muscle tissues.
Muscle fatigue occurs as lactic acid increases in concentration in the muscle tissues.
What causes muscle fatigue?Muscle fatigue may be caused due to accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles, ion imbalance (Na+, K+), less production of ATP as compared to its use in the cells.Muscle fatigue is defined as the decrease in ability of muscles to generate force. It occurs after exercise, strenuous activity, and aging. This may even be caused due to diseases like muscular dystrophy.It results in pain, lessens the movement of body, etc.If muscle fatigue occurs regularly even without performing any strenuous activities, one should immediately consult a doctor to find the underlying causes.Caffeine and ephedrine are synthetic products which can be used to treat muscle fatigue.Learn more about muscle fatigue here:
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The force in nature which distinguishes between unfit and fit individuals is called?
The force in nature which distinguishes between unfit and fit individuals is called natural selection.
What is natural selection?Natural selection is the process in which nature chooses which organisms will survive and which will perish.Variations are present in all the organisms in a population. Some have better traits than the others.The organisms which adapt and change according to the environment have better chances of survival.Darwin gave the term ‘Survival of the fittest’ that operates under natural selection and drives the evolution of a species.Organisms which have genes better suited to the environment survive and pass these genes to their next generation. Eventually the population consists of only those organisms having that gene.An example of natural selection is Darwin's finches.Learn more about natural selection here:
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Gluconeogenesis uses the same enzymatic reactions of glycolysis except for the?
With the exception of the three irreversible events in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis utilizes the same enzyme processes as glycolysis.
Glycolysis & Gluconeogenesis:
In contrast to gluconeogenesis, which is crucial for sustaining blood glucose levels during hunger, glycolysis is a catabolic process that hydrolyzes glucose to produce energy and biosynthetic intermediates.In the catabolic route of glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. The anabolic route known as glucose conduction produces glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like glycerol and glucogenic peptides. Pyruvate turns into glucose during the process of gluconeogenesis.The general consensus would be that glycolysis and gluconeogenesis don't happen at the same time within similar cells, instead, that metabolic circumstances or allosteric effectors that drive flux along one pathway repress flow in the other direction.Original question:
1) Gluconeogenesis uses the same enzymatic reactions of glycolysis except for the ________.
A) pyruvate kinase catalyzed step
B) 4 irreversible reactions in glycolysis
C) 3 irreversible reactions in glycolysis
D) 2 irreversible reactions in glycolysis
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The urinary system consists of two __________, two __________, one __________, and one __________
"The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra."
Blood is filtered by the urinary system, which produces urine as a waste product. The ureters, bladder, kidneys, renal pelvis, and urethra are among the urinary system's organs.
The ribs and muscles of the back protect the kidneys, a bean-shaped organs that are situated on either side of the spine. The ureter, a pair of thin muscular tubes, emerges from each kidney's renal pelvis. From the kidney to the bladder, it transports urine.
Urine is kept in this muscular sac-like structure. Micturition, or the act of urinating, is the process by which the urinary bladder is emptied. Urethra, which emerges from the urinary bladder, aids in the removal of urine from the body. Muscles called sphincter guard its opening.
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The arrangement of subunits in the pdh (pyruvate dehydrogenase) complex ensures that?
The arrangement of subunits in the pdh (pyruvate dehydrogenase) complex ensures that in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
By turning pyruvate into acetyl-coenzyme A, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) connects glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc), consists of the three enzymatically active subunits pyruvate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, which links the citric acid cycle and subsequent oxidative phosphorylation to the pathways for glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and lipid and amino acid metabolism. E1 is a part of PDH and catalyzes pyruvate's oxidative decarboxylation. Dyhydrolipoyl transacetylase, also known as E2, catalyzes the addition of an acetyl group to coenzyme A to produce acetyl CoA. The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, a -keto acid, by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and the acetyl group of acetyl-coenzyme A or acetyl-CoA with the release of two electrons, carried by NAD, in five successive processes. Learn more about pyruvate dehydrogenase here brainly.com/question/16346028#SPJ4
How can you identify the cancer cells?
Answer:
In most situations, a biopsy is the only way to definitively diagnose cancer. In the laboratory, doctors look at cell samples under the microscope. Normal cells look uniform, with similar sizes and orderly organization. Cancer cells look less orderly, with varying sizes and without apparent organization
Explanation:
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Section 1: ENERGY
Discuss how we obtain and use energy in this section of your project. You should include how we use natural resources to create energy and at least two different types of alternate energy sources.
What are some of the challenges scientists might face when directly observing animal behavior in the wild? What do you think would be most effective in helping them overcome those challenges?
Some of the challenges scientists might face when directly observing animal behavior in the wild are:
Remote sensingBio-loggesStationary field imaging techniquesWhat are animals?These are living organisms which cannot produce their food by themselves but depend on other organisms for food .
Animals are generally classified as:
VertebratesInvertebratesSo therefore, some of the challenges scientists might face when directly observing animal behavior in the wild are:
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Integumentary: skin: color ___________ turgor ___________ temp ____________ moisture _____________
Integumentary: Temperature Turgor 2. (firmness), color; moisture content; skin integrity, including open sores and rashes
Integument inspection Use your hand to palpate the skin to measure the temperature. Stretching skin usually causes it to swiftly return to its previous shape. Check the color of surrounding skin areas. Redness may be a sign of various skin issueRash, cellulitis, a pressure ulcer, and an infection erythema that is blanchable versus non-blanchablePaper-thin skin; purple or bruise-like skin; dark or reddish areasSkin injury from excessive moisture or verosis are also possible (maceration).Etiology may include: - Incontinence; - Urine; - Stool; - Wound exudateSweating, including in those with a fever - In between skin folds (particularly in people with obesity)A leaky ostomy or fistulaSkin need to be undamaged. Determine the cause of the skin issue if the skin is not intact.learn more about Integumentary here: https://brainly.com/question/2801375
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Answer: Integumentary: skin ; color tan or brown turgor temperature, moisture content including allergic symptoms.
Explanation:
What is Integumentary?
Integumentary system is for the protection of our body and regulating heat.
Skin, nails, hairs are the example of Integumentary system.
The Integument cell Melanocytes has the main role in skin color and create tan or brown or blackish shade.Normally the temperature of the skin is 32.778 degree C but it helps to maintain the temperature through a strong connection with the sympathetic nervous system.Skin also maintains the moisture in cellular level, the Stratum Corneum controls the trans-epidermal water loss and the oil gland in dermal level, secrets oil to prevent extra water soaking.Disorders : Rashes, Acne, Rough skin, Peeling skin, Sunburn, Infection, Skin Cancer etc.Learn more about the skin integumentary here : https://brainly.com/question/28162308
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What are the two main parts of pangaea and the modern continents that each one eventually become
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Which two hormones influence the endometrium to thicken and prepare for implantation?.
The dilatation of blood vessels allowing the passage of fluid, antibodies, and wbcs into the infected body area is known as?
The dilatation of blood vessels allowing the passage of fluid, antibodies, and WBCs into theinfected body area is known asvasodilation
The cardiogenic mesoderm is induced by _______ in the anterior endoderm and _______ in the splanchnic mesoderm
The cardiogenic mesoderm is induced by Wnt inhibitors in the anterior endoderm and BMPs in the splanchnic mesoderm. The correct option is A.
What are Wnt inhibitors?Small protein families that contain Wnt inhibitors include sFRP, Dkk, WIF, Wise/SOST, Cerberus, IGFBP, Shisa, Waif1, APCDD1, and Tiki1.
Their shared property is that they inhibit Wnt signaling by trying to prevent ligand-receptor interactions or Wnt receptor maturation.
The Wnt catenin signaling pathway is linked to stem cell pluripotency, self-renewal, and distinguishing ability.
Wnt inhibitors in the occipital endoderm and BMPs in the splanchnic mesoderm induce the cardiogenic mesoderm.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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Your question seems incomplete, the probable missing options are:
-Wnt inhibitors; BMPs-BMPs; Wnt-noggin; BMPs-Wnt inhibitors; chordinBreathing into and out of a paper bag for a long period of time will lead to?
Breathing into and out of a paper bag for a long period of time will lead to respiratory acidosis.
What is respiratory acidosis?When the lungs are unable to expel all of the carbon dioxide the body produces, a condition known as respiratory acidosis develops. Body fluids, particularly the blood, become too acidic as a result.The main causes of respiratory acidosis are inadequate ventilation and carbon dioxide buildup. The main issue is an increase in arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) and a decline in the arterial bicarbonate to arterial pCO2 ratio, which causes a drop in blood pH.When there is acute respiratory acidosis, the body initially tries to make up for it. If the acidosis lasts more than 12 hours, a reaction known as metabolic compensation2 takes place. By increasing the release of hydrogen ions through ammonium, the kidneys will lower the blood's acidity.Too much carbon dioxide in the body can result in general symptoms including headache, exhaustion, and twitching muscles. Frequently, it goes away fast on its own. But in cases of severe hypercapnia, the body is unable to return to a stable CO2 level, and the symptoms are more severe.
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In order to produce spermatids, a primary spermatocyte undergoes ________ divisions
In order to produce spermatids, a primary spermatocyte undergoes two divisions
Primitive cells termed spermatogonia multiply through mitosis during spermatocytogenesis. When a B spermatogonium produces two primary spermatocytes, mitosis is complete.
During meiosis, the number of original spermatocytes that are diploid is halved. During meiosis I, a primary spermatocyte divides into two secondary spermatocytes, which are eventually changed into (1N) spermatids during meiosis II. A quick second meiotic division occurs. Compared to their ancestor spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids are often larger.
Therefore, In order to produce spermatids, a primary spermatocyte undergoes two divisions.
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Plant domestication occurred in north america by 10,000 years ago and included important cereal grains such as wheat, barley, and oats
a. True
b. False
The given statement is false that Plant domestication occurred in north america by 10,000 years ago and included important cereal grains such as wheat, barley, and oats.
The process of modifying wild plants and animals for human use is known as domestication. Between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia, people first tamed plants some 10,000 years ago (which includes the modern countries of Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria).
In Mesopotamia, wheat, barley, lentils, and many kinds of peas were among the first domesticated plants. The development of agriculture and more durable civilizations began with the domestication of plants, which was a significant turning point for human history. It was no longer necessary for humans to go in search of game and plants to harvest for food.
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Monoclonal antibodies and __________ can be used to treat certain types of cancers in a process known as immunotherapy.
Monoclonal antibodies and cytokines can be used to treat certain types of cancers in a process known as immunotherapy.
What is cytokines?Cytokines are small, adaptable proteins that are essential for cell signaling. Cytokines and other peptides cannot get through the lipid bilayer of cells to the cytoplasm. Cytokines have been shown to take part in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling as immunomodulating agents. A specific class of proteins produced by some immune and non-immune cells that have an impact on the immune system. The immune system is stimulated by some cytokines while suppressed by others. To help the body's defenses against infections, cancer, and other ailments, they can also be produced in a lab.The term "cytokine" is a catch-all name for tiny secreted proteins that play a critical role in regulating inflammation. When pathogens invade, cytokines are made in order to activate, draw in, and multiply immune cells.
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The table shows the rate of melanoma by gender.
Consider the number of males who were diagnosed with melanoma in 2005. What quantity does this number represent?
In 2005, 27.99 percent of males were diagnosed with melanoma.
In 2005, 27.99 males out of 100 were diagnosed with melanoma.
In 2005, 27.99 cases of melanoma were diagnosed in males.
In 2005, 27.99 males out of every 100,000 were diagnosed with melanoma.
The correct answer is: In 2005, 27.99 males out of every 100,000 were diagnosed with melanoma; option D.
What is melanoma?Melanoma is a malignant form of skin cancer which affects the pigment-producing cells that give color to the skin known as melanocytes.
Melanoma, just like any other form of cancer occurs when the normal growth and division of cells in the body is compromised such that the cells grows and divides at an abnormally high rate.
Melanoma can occur in any part of the body and spreads quickly to other organs in the body if left untreated.
Treatment options for melanoma may include surgery, radiation, medications, or chemotherapy.
The given table gives a statistics of the cases of melanoma per 100,000 in a population.
The table indicates that in 2005, 27.99 males out of every 100,000 were diagnosed with melanoma.
In conclusion, it can be seen from the table that out of every 100,000 persons, 27.99 percent of males were diagnosed with melanoma in 2005.
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Following meiosis I, the daughter cells are ________; following meiosis II, the daughter cells are ________; and following fertilization and mitosis, the daughter cells are ________.
Following Meiosis I, the daughter cells are Haploid. Following Meiosis II, the daughter cells are Haploid and following Fertilization and Mitosis, the daughter cells are Diploid.
In a diploid cell containing a complete set of chromosomes and DNA content, After Meiosis I, the number of chromosome reduces by half thereby producing two daughter cells that are haploid which is termed as the Reductional Division due to the reduction in the number of chromosome and reduction of DNA content by half. Hence, the cell becomes Haploid after Meiosis I.
After Meiosis II, the number of chromosomes remains half as compared to the Diploid cell and only the DNA content reduces to one fourth as compared to the diploid cell. It is similar to Mitosis or Equational Division since no change occurs in the chromosome number as compared to the daughter cell obtained after Meiosis I. Hence, the cell remains Haploid after Meiosis II
After Fertilisation of two haploid cells formed after completion of Meiosis, the cell become Diploid (due to the fusion) containing complete set of chromosome and DNA content. After Mitosis of the newly formed Diploid cell, the number of Diploid cells increases due to the formation of two daughter cells produced continuously. No change in the chromosome number or DNA content occurs.
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9.Unicellular algae live in the tissues of coral animals. The algae provide food for the coral, while the coral provides a stable home for the algae. This is an example of
The cranial bone that articulates with the atlas is the ______.
a. parietal bone
b. temporal bone
c. sphenoid occipital bone
The cranial bone that articulates with the atlas is the c) sphenoid occipital bone.
The occipital bone connects to the temporals, sphenoid, parietals, and the atlas, the top vertebra, in the back of the skull.There are two concave facets on the atlas bone's superior surface. The occipital bone of the skull's underside has rounded condyles that connect to the facets. The head is free to nod up and down at this intersection. The axis bone sits just beneath the atlas bone.The synovial articulation between the first cervical vertebra and the occipital bone is known as the atlantooccipital joint (atlas).learn more about atlas here: https://brainly.com/question/6775465
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Membranous spheres that transport materials inside the cell as part of the endomembrane system are called:_______.
Membranous spheres that transport materials inside the cell as part of the endomembrane system are called Vesicles.
What is vesicles?Small sacs called vesicles are used to carry substances into or outside of cells. There are many different kinds of vesicles, including lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and transport vesicles.A tiny, liquid-filled sac created by a membrane. Substances are moved into or out of cells by vesicles. Drugs can be delivered to bodily cells using vesicles created in a lab.Vesicles are tiny organelles found inside of cells that contain fluid and a lipid bilayer and are used for transport, buoyancy regulation, and enzyme storage.It is situated close to the cell nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm.Vacuoles and vesicles are membrane-bound sacs with storage and transport capabilities. The membrane of a vacuole does not merge with the membranes of other cellular components, making vacuoles slightly larger than vesicles. Within the biological system, vesicles can combine with different membranes.
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From the perspective of porter's five forces model, universal technical standards increases the threat of new entrants because they?
From the perspective of porter's five forces model, universal technical standards increases the threat of new entrants because they lower market entry costs.
What are porter's five forces?Porter's Five Forces, a methodology that identifies and analyses five competitive forces that affect every business, can be used to determine an industry's weaknesses and strengths.The Five Forces analysis is often used to determine an industry's structure in order to establish business strategy.Porter's methodology can help any sector of the economy better understand industry competition and boost long-term profitability.Following Harvard Business School professor Michael E. Porter, the Five Forces theory was developed. These are Porter's five forces: The industry is rife with turmoil.The possibility of new competitors entering the marketThe impact of suppliersThe impact of consumers product replacement risk
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