The interior of the neuron is negative than the outside due to the presence of protein and chloride ions.
In contrast to the positive charge in an extracellular matrix, neurons actually have a strong negative charge inside them. This is due to the abundant accumulation of anions (negatively charged ions).
These anions are large molecules which cannot leave through any channel. So, they simply stay put and give the cell a negative charge inside.
The commonly present anion is chloride ion which keeps the neuron resting membrane potential in -70mV. If the neuron needs to conduct electrical impulse, neuron will then reach +40mV action potential by opening many cation channels (for example, Na/k channel).
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The interior of the neuron is negative than the outside due to the presence of protein and chloride ions.
Why is a neuron charged even at resting state?At rest, a neuron is negatively charged. A typical neuron has -70 mV charge on it, i.e., it is 70 mV more negative on inside than outside.In a resting neuron, there is more K+ on the inside the cell than outside and more Na+ on the outside than inside.For each potassium ion present, there is an organic anion to balance it.Therefore organic anions like those of amino acids and proteins are in higher concentrations on the inside of cell than outside.Also the membranes are leaky for K+ as it can pass with the help of K+ channels causing positive charge to move outside the cell. However, the organic anions cannot move out resulting in more negative charge inside the cell.Learn more about neurons here:
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Which of the following is the best description for Epistasis?
A. A recessive allele that controls the expression of a dominant allele in a different trait.
B. Two alleles keeping each other in equilibrium.
C. When two dominant alleles are present and are both expressed equally.
D. A state of being very close to equilibrium, but not quite there.
[tex]\huge\underline{\underline{\boxed{\bm {Answer:}}}}[/tex]
○ [tex] \large\tt{A.}[/tex] A recessive allele that controls the expression of a dominant allele in a different trait.
◉ [tex]\large \tt{B.}[/tex] Two alleles keeping each other in equilibrium.
○ [tex]\large \tt{C.}[/tex] When two dominant alleles are present and are both expressed equally.
○ [tex] \large\tt{D.}[/tex] A state of being very close to equilibrium, but not quite there.
[tex]\huge\underline{\underline{\boxed{\bm {Explanation:}}}}[/tex]
An epistasis is a relationship between two genes or alleles in which one gets masked or hidden by the other. It is different from dominant and recessive alleles because epistasis has an alternative phenotype to the normal phenotype.
What if the light intensity was 1000, what do you predict the ATP production percentage would be?
Main Answer:
ATP Production will not change as change in wavelength because it depends on no. of photons striking the surface means intensity of light.
Explanation:
ATP Production is depend upon intensity of light and not on wavelength of light.
No. of electrons involved in ATP Production depends on intensity of light.
If the light intensity is about 1000, then it will not positively affect ATP synthesis. Because enzymes do not function properly, it may harm photosynthesis.
What Role Does Light Play in Photosynthesis?The sunlight acts as a catalyst for the photosynthesis process and promotes the production of ATP (energy), glucose, and oxygen. The sunlight breaks the water molecule and forms the electron. This process is called photolysis of water and takes place in the thylakoid membrane. This occurs in the thylakoid membrane's Photosystem II (PS II).
Electrons move from photosystem II to photosystem I. The movement of the electron generates the proton gradient across the membrane. Due to the higher protons inside the lumen of the thylakoid, these move to the outer side, and as a result, ATP synthase makes ATP. If such a bright light shines on these complexes, the enzymes will stop working and ATP synthesis will suffer.
Hence, an increase in light intensity would have a negative impact on ATP production.
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The most commonly used microscope, which uses visible light to view cells, is called a?
The most commonly used microscope, which uses visible light to view cells, is called a Light microscope.
Basically, a Light microscope contains two subsystems: an illumination system for illuminating the sample as well as an imaging system which produces a magnified image of the sample after its interaction with light. The image thus formed can be viewed by the eye or through a camera.
Light from a source is focused onto the sample or object using a mirror and condenser lens. The light after passing through the sample is collected by an objective lens, forming an intermediate image which is finally imaged by the eyepiece lens and transmitted to the eye in the form of a magnified image of the sample.
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differentiate between natural resources and water resources
Answer:
Explanation:
Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful for humans, for example as a source of drinking water supply or irrigation water. 97% of the water on the Earth is salt water and only three percent is fresh water; slightly over two thirds of this is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps where as Natural resources are resources that are drawn from nature and used with few modifications. This includes the sources of valued characteristics such as commercial and industrial use, aesthetic value, scientific interest and cultural value
Look at the ocean system below.
plankton - shrimp - salmon - humans
What will most likely happen if the plankton population decreases in this
ocean system?
• A. Humans will have more available food.
• B. The atmosphere will have more oxygen.
• C. More shrimp will move into the area.
D. It will be more difficult for salmon to find food.
Answer:
D. It will be more difficult for salmon to find food.
Explanation:
Due to the plankton population decreasing, the shrimp would have less food. When the shrimp have less food to eat, their population would also decrease.
Since the shrimp population decreased, the salmon would have less shrimp to eat, making it more difficult for them to find food.
When one thing offsets the food chain, it begins to collapse. The smallest change could have a major consequence.
Type your response in the box.
Examine this US population map from 2000. Which population distribution pattern do US residents most closely resemble? Why do you think that is the case? Conduct research on the different geographic zones in the map to determine your answer.
Population distribution pattern do US residents most closely resemble is clumped dispersion.
Which population distribution pattern do US residents most closely resemble?Clumped dispersion is the population distribution pattern present in the US residents. Clumped dispersion is the most common pattern that occurs due to an uneven distribution of resources in the environment. That region where more resources are present, the population density is higher and vice versa.
So we can conclude that population distribution pattern do US residents most closely resemble is clumped dispersion.
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What qualities of a chemical reaction are affected by enzymes?
Enzyme lowers the chemical reaction's activation energy, is made up of proteins, and acts as biocatalysts. Enzymes are a part of all living things. Some compounds are created, while others are broken down by their reaction. Enzymes are produced by our bodies spontaneously. However, food and manufactured goods both contain enzymes.
An enzyme's four primary properties are;
They are very catalytic and can efficiently catalyse a chemical reaction with a slight amount. They expedite reactions while staying constant throughout. The effectiveness and function of enzymes can quickly be impacted by temperature, pH, and inhibitors. Enzymes typically catalyse only one type of substrate and have a relatively narrow range of applications.To learn more about Enzymes click here
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The mixed cranial nerve that projects to and from internal organs, muscles, and glands is the ________ nerve.
The mixed cranial nerve that projects to and from internal organs, muscles, and glands is the vagus nerve.
The longest and most intricate of the cranial nerves is the vagus nerve, commonly known as the X or 10th cranial nerve. The vagus nerve travels from the brain to the belly through the face and thorax. The nerve is mixed and has parasympathetic fibres.
Because it has both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) fibres, the vagus nerve is a mixed nerve. This means that in addition to sending motor impulses to the organs it innervates, it is also in charge of returning sensory data from these organs to the brain.
Therefore, The mixed cranial nerve that projects to and from internal organs, muscles, and glands is the vagus nerve.
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What is most likely to happen to an abandoned strip mine over time? a. the strip mine is likely to completely recover over time. b. the strip mine is likely to remain exactly as it is left when abandoned. c. the strip is likely to partly recover, but never return to its original state. d. the strip mine is likely to become a lake. please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The strip is likely to partly recover, but never return to it's original state
The site can be partly recovered but cannot return to the original state in strip mining.
What do you mean by Mining ?The abandoned strip mining is a mining practice a seam of mineral is removed by the long strip of the overlying soil and rock.
This process is used for the mining purpose of the coal.After the mining procedure the soil will loose its fertility because only the parent rock will be left at the bottom and organic matter will be lost.As a result the soil will become loose and soil erosion will take place.Learn more about Mining here:
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List the four main types of carbon-based molecules found in living things.
Answer:
ProteinsLipidsCarbohydratesNucleic AcidsExplanation:
they are the densest things to break down, and store in the body since they are very much carbon based.
What enzymes are used to cleave glycerophospholipids? what bond will this enzyme cleave?
What enzymes are used to cleave glycerophospholipids? what bond will this enzyme cleave?
The broad family of enzymes known as mammalian PLA2 isozymes cleaves phospholipids at the second position of the glycerol backbone, releasing a free fatty acid and a lysolipid moiety.
what is glycerophospholipids?Any derivative of glycerophosphoric acid with at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alk-1'-enyl residue linked to the glycerol moiety is referred to as a glycerophospholipid.
Here, two fatty acids and phosphoric acid are estered to glycerol, the alcohol. While the polar heads, which are primarily made up of the phosphate group connected to the third carbon of the glycerol molecule, are hydrophilic, the two fatty acid chains that are coupled to the glycerol molecule are nonpolar and therefore hydrophobic. Glycerophospholipids are amphipathic as a result of these two characteristics. They are often arranged in membranes as a bilayer, with the non-polar hydrophobic tails pointing inside and the polar hydrophilic heads extending out toward the aqueous environment. Glycerophospholipids are made up of a variety of species, most of which are different.
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What did researchers discover about the genetic mutation causing lactase persistence?
Researchers discover about the genetic mutation causing lactase persistence is that they are located next to the lactase gene in a non-coding regulatory region (a "switch").
The lactase enzyme's continuous activity as an adult is known as lactase persistence.
The LCT gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called lactase. This enzyme helps to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and other dairy products.
Since lactase's sole purpose is to digest lactose in milk, most mammal species see a significant decline in the enzyme's activity after weaning.
The genetic selection of those who can digest lactose results in the lactase persistence trait, which is more prevalent in populations that keep cattle and raise dairy products.
Hence, researchers discover about the genetic mutation causing lactase persistence is that they are located next to the lactase gene in a non-coding regulatory region (a "switch").
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When 15n-labeled aspartate is fed to animals, the 15n-label rapidly appears in many amino acids. What reactions are occurring to allow this to happen?
Aspartate + a- keto acid >> Oxaloacetate + a amino acid
This reaction is occur because the a- keto acid in the equation can come from any amino acid, the 15 N from aspartate is rapidly transferred to other amino acids.
15N is symbol use as the isotope of nitrogen with mass number 15. comprises of 0.4 % of stable nitrogen found, so the relative abundance of each in amino acid is simply a reflection of how much is found in nature in general.
This isotopes is enrichment of the labelled amino acids was determined following a previously developed procedure comprising by determination of the spectral purity of the selected natural abundance amino acids.
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Atp is thermodynamically suited as a carrier of phosphoryl groups in animal cells because of all except?
ATP is thermodynamically suited as a carrier of phosphoryl groups in animal cells because of all except it is hydrolyzed in cells without enzyme action.
Why is ATP used as energy source?The energy currency of the cell is ATP as it releases a large amount of energy on the release of second and third phosphate group. To be hydrolyzed, ATP requires enzyme action. The structure of ATP consists of adenosine backbone, ribose sugar bound to three phosphate groups.It is stable inside the cells and also functions as a signaling molecule, helps in synthesis of DNA and RNA.Most of the ATP is synthesized in the mitochondria through aerobic respiration.ATP serves as a carrier of phosphoryl group because it is stable and used as an intermediate for group transfer reactions.Learn more about ATP here:
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Why do some species employ both mitosis and meiosis, whereas other species use only mitosis? see concept 13.2 (page)
Some species employ both mitosis and meiosis, whereas other species use only mitosis because they need both if they are producing animal gametes.
Sex cells divides through meiosis and non sex cell divide through mitosis in animals while in plants sex cell divide through both mitosis and meiosis.
In human and all other animals species , the non sex cells such as skin cell, muscles cells , blood cells etc. divided by mitosis. It is so because these cells deplete at a fast rate and hence their retrieval also needs to be fast. Sex cells like male and female gametes are haploid cells an hence their divide through meiosis. In plants gamete formation requires both mitosis and meiosis cell division.
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Answer:
Explanation:
They need both if they are producing plant (or animal) gametes.
The biomedical model focuses on ___________; the biopsychosocial model focuses on _____________
The biomedical model focuses on Microlevel influence on health (chemical imbalances); the bio-psychosocial model focuses on micro and macrolevel effects and their interactions with one another in impacting health and illness.
The biomedical model is centred on the treatment and eradication of symptoms. According to this model, diseases were understood to have physiological etiologies that were detected through specific biochemical markers and were to have ministered through physical interventions.
A person's perspective of their symptoms and how they and their families react to them are the main topics of the bio-psychosocial model, in contrast. The biological, psychological, and social aspects of life all have a role in defining one's health, according to the bio-psychosocial model.
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What is the name for a cell or cell part that detects signals from the environment
Answer:
Receptors
Explanation:
Receptors play a key role in cell signaling as they are able to detect chemical signals or physical stimuli. Receptors are generally proteins located on the cell surface or within the interior of the cell such as the cytoplasm, organelles, and nucleus.
A. identify the organelle. mitochondria b. what process occurs in this organelle? cellular respiration c. what gas do the arrows represent? d. what is the relationship between oxygen and atp production
The identified organelle is mitochondria.
What is mitochondria?
Mitochondria was discovered by– Koll Iker (1880) in the muscle cells of insects, Altman called them as Bioplasts. Benda (1897), coined the term Mitochondria.Mitochondrion is a spherical or rod shaped cell organelle. It has two membranes. The outer membrane is smooth. The inner membrane produces finger like infoldings called cristae. The inner membrane has stalked particles called Recker's particles or F0 – F1 particles or Claude’s particle or ATP synthase complex. The mitochondrial cavity is filled with a homogenous granular mitochondrial matrix. The matrix has circular mitochondrial DNA, RNA, 70s ribosomes, proteins, enzymes and lipids. Mitochondria synthesise and store the energy rich molecules ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) during aerobic respiration. So, they are called “Power houses of the cell”.To learn more about mitochondria: https://brainly.com/question/15525799
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If you were to add a starch solution into a dialysis bag to create a makeshift cell and then placed it in a beaker of pure water for an hour, what would happen?
Starch does not pass through the semipermeable membrane because starch molecules are too large to fit through the small pore of the dialysis bag membrane.
Dialysis bags or tubings are made as a mimic for the cellular membrane which acts as a semipermeable membrane. These membranes have pores to allow small molecules to permeate through them.
They mimic cellular membrane activities such as diffusion and osmosis. These dialyzing membranes are made up of nanoporous polymers such as cellulose, cellulose acetate, PES, etc.
In contrast to starch, glucose, iodine, and water molecules are small enough to pass through the membrane.
Diffusion and osmosis move substances from higher concentration to lower concentration.
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What information/structures were you able to glean from the methylene blue stain that you could not get from the gram stain?
Methylene blue can stain the cellular components like nucleus, DNA or RNA in cytoplasm.
Use of methylene blue:
Methylene Blue is a cationic stain. It is a positively charged blue dye that binds to negatively charged cell components like the nucleus, DNA, or RNA found in the cytoplasm. It is a widely used stain for several purposes, including identifying germs and determining the cellular makeup of both plant and animal cells.The cell wall and membrane are examples of the exterior cell structures that can be stained by gram staining. In a collection of bacterial colonies, this stain is used to distinguish between gram positive and gram negative cells.Learn more about the Gram's staining with the help of the given link:
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Which of the following are not advantages of active or depleted oil and gas reservoirs for CO2 storage?
1. Proven storage integrity
2. Available in all regions
3. Enhanced hydrocarbon recovery
4. Established infrastructure
The following which is not an advantage of active or depleted oil and gas reservoirs for CO2 storage is it being available in all regions and is denoted as option 2.
What is Reservoir?These are structures which are man made and used for the purpose of storage of different types of substances.
Reservoirs made for CO2 storage ensures easier recovery of hydrocarbons etc but aren't available in all regions thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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what is diffusion explain it
Answer:
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration . Diffusion occurs in liquids and gases when their particles collide randomly and spread out. Diffusion is an important process for living things - it is how substances move in and out of cells.
Explanation:
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration . Diffusion occurs in liquids and gases when their particles collide randomly and spread out. Diffusion is an important process for living things - it is how substances move in and out of cells.
Put the main steps of genetic engineering in the correct order. i. replicate the new organism ii. isolate the genes from the specialist cell iii. select the desired trait iv. insert the genes into the target organism a. ii, i, iv, iii b. iv, i, ii, iii c. iii, ii, iv, i d. i, ii, iv, iii
These are the five steps in genetic engineering.
locating and obtaining the DNA of an organism with a particular trait.cloning the gene responsible for the phenotype.creating a gene with a particular expression pattern.transformation, which involves introducing the gene into a crop plant's cells.Transgene into a background with affluence.In the process of genetic engineering, DNA extraction comes first. This is achieved by taking a sample of bacteria that contains the desired gene and subjecting it to a series of procedures that isolate DNA from other components of the cell.
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The vertebrate group called ______ includes horses, wolves, cats, humans, cows, mice, deer, pigs, and bats.
Answer:
mammals
Explanation:
Answer: Mammals
Explanation: Mammals have hair or fur, are warm-blooded, most are born alive, the young are fed milk produced by the mother's mammary glands, and they have a more complex brain than other animals.
Most scientists use scientific methods in which of the following orders?
A. Conduct an experiment, collect the data, and analyze data
B. Conduct an experiment, draw conclusions, and form a hypothesis C. Conduct an experiment, analyze data, and state the question
D. Conduct an experiment, form a hypothesis, and state the question
A particular ________ carry the information for making a particular protein, but ________ can be used to make any protein.
A particular gene and mRNA carry the information for making a particular protein, but a ribosome and a tRNA can be used to make any protein
The information contained in a gene's DNA is transferred to an analogous molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus during transcription. Because it transports the information, or message, from the DNA outside of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, the type of RNA that includes the instructions for building a protein is known as messenger RNA (mRNA).
The cytoplasm is where translation, the second step in converting a gene into a protein, takes place. The ribosome is a specific complex that the mRNA interacts with, The protein is put together one amino acid at a time by a form of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA).
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Does the ability of chiromantis frogs to resist water loss most likely represent acclimatization or adaptation?
The ability of chiromantis frogs to resist water loss most likely represent Adaptation.
Most frogs sweat at the same rate that water evaporates from a surface of free water. Despite this, there is a remarkable variety of terrestrial settings where frogs can be found, including deserts. Most frogs have not evolved a resistance to cutaneous water loss due to the significance of moist skin for respiration is adaptation.
The rate of water loss in arboreal species, such as the genus Chiromantis, is extremely low and comparable to that of desert reptiles. The "water-proof" frogs are a phrase used to describe this species. It even consists of specialized guanine-rich chromatophores.
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Scutellosaurus is a primitive ornithischian that is grouped in with the thyreophoran clade becuase?
Scutellosaurus is a primitive ornithischian that is grouped in with the thyreophoran clade because it has small armored plates on along its back.
Small scutes on the back and sides of the body are a distinguishing feature of the Early Jurassic Period (approximately 200 million to 176 million years ago) genus of small ornithischian dinosaurs known as Scutellosaurus. Although some experts contend that Scutellosaurus' forearms were strong enough to permit quadrupedal mobility, it possessed short forelimbs and robust hind limbs, which are indicative of a bipedal position. Scutellosaurus grew to be 1.5 to 2 meters long (about 5 to 6.5 feet). Its skull lengthened to approximately 9 cm (about 3.5 inches), and it featured a row of fluted cheek teeth in the shape of leaves and many large incisors that appeared to be specialized for feeding on plants.learn more about ornithischian here: https://brainly.com/question/13326704
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__________ refers to deterioration of intellectual abilities caused by an organic brain disorder.
Dementia refers to deterioration of intellectual abilities caused by an organic brain disorder.
What is dementia?In dementia, a person loses memory, has trouble in reasoning and solving problems and other such symptoms which interfere in the normal activities of an individual. It is caused due to brain cell damage which hinders the brain cells in interacting with each other while generating responses.Dementia is not a distinct disease but is caused due to a variety of medical conditions especially Alzheimer’s disease.Symptoms can be managed by medications and therapy but there is no proper cure of dementia in later stages.Certain factors which increase the risk of dementia are smoking, diabetes, aging, alcohol abuse.A person even has difficulties in remembering the name of close ones.Learn more about dementia here:
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Citrate can react asymmetrically in the citric acid cycle because the enzyme aconitase?
The asymmetric binding of citrate by the enzyme aconitase allows for asymmetric reactions of citrate in the citric acid cycle(TCA).
How does citrate behave during the TCA cycle?
Citrate synthase uses oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA to create citrate in the Krebs cycle (CS). Citrate carrier allows for its export from the mitochondria (CIC). ACLY converts cytosolic citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. Fatty acid production can employ acetyl-CoA as a substrate.
What does the aconitase enzyme do?
Aconitase, also known as aconitate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.3), is an enzyme that catalyzes the non-redox-active process of stereo-specific conversion of citric acid(citrate) to isocitrate in the acid ( TCA ) cycle using cis-aconitate.
Therefore, option A is the correct choice.
Original question:
Citrate can react asymmetrically in the citric acid cycle because the enzyme aconitase
A) binds citrate asymmetrically.
B) binds either form of citrate.
C) binds both forms of isocitrate.
D) does not distinguish the -CH2COO- group.
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