The inner cellular layer of trophoblast that remains intact inside the blastocyst is termed Cytotrophoblast.
Cytotrophoblast is the inner layer of the trophoblast.
It is found on the outer side of the Blastocyst and inner side of the Syncytiotrophoblast.
Cytotrophoblast remains intact inside the blastocyst and is present as a inner cellular layer of trophoblast.
Cytotrophoblast produces several hormones like:
GnRHProgesteroneHCGEstrogenCytotrophoblast attaches the fetus that is growing to the uterine wall of the mother's body.
It plays an important role in embyro's transplantation.
Cytotrophoblast releases Proteinaceous enzymes between the endometrial cells allowing many finger-like projections.
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when evaluating a dorsal decubitus abdomen radiograph, the technologist notices that the iliac crests are superimposed, the pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae are superimposed, and the intervertebral joints are open. what, if any, mistake in positioning has been made
If when evaluating a dorsal decubitus abdomen radiograph, the technologist notices that the iliac crests are superimposed, the pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae are superimposed, and the intervertebral joints are open. No mistake in the positioning has been made.
What is dorsal decubitus abdomen radiograph?Dorsal decubitus abdomen radiograph can be defined as they type of x-ray conducted by sonographer when a patient is lying on the his or her back so as to check and diagnose if the patient as any of the following condition:
Abdominal traumaIatrogenic injury etc.Despite noticing that the iliac crests are superimposed, the pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae are superimposed, and the intervertebral joints are open No mistake has been made in the positioning.
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Alpha helices are a type of secondary structure in proteins. What is the length of a 37.0 kda single‑stranded α‑helical protein segment?
The protein having 37kda has 336.36 amino acids long, roughly making single-stranded alpha-helix 93.43 turns, giving it a rise in 504.4 Â (Armstrong).
A secondary structure component, an alpha helix, has an amino acid chain organised in a spiral. The following characteristics describe the perfect alpha helix:
It is a right-handed helix that completes one turn every 3.6 residues, rises by about 5.4 with each turn, and is often somewhat curved.Hydrogen bonds hold it together between the C=O of residue I and the NH of residue I+4.The (phi, psi) angles of all residues involved in an alpha-helix are comparable. These angles, around -60 and -50, are taken from the Ramachandran plot's bottom left quadrant.To learn more about alpha-helix click here
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What can be determined by exhaustive methylation of an oligosaccharide with ch3i followed by acid hydrolysis?
Methylation analysis and then hydrolysis are utilized to confirm the new oligosaccharide's glycosidic linkage information.
What is an oligosaccharide?
When two or more monosaccharides bind together via O-glycosidic bonds, oligosaccharides are formed.When compared to other, more prevalent carbohydrates, including those in the disaccharide group, oligosaccharides, or carbohydrates with between 3 and 10 single sugar residues, are not as prevalent in the diet.Examples of oligosaccharides: sucrose, lactose and maltose
What is Exhaustive methylation?Exhaustive methylation is the process of adding methyl groups to an alkyl ring until all methylations are complete. Extensive methylation transforms an amine into an alkylammonium salt prior to E2 elimination in the Hofmann elimination reaction sequence.To learn more about exhaustive methylation visit:
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_________, which involves severe impairment of memory as part of a loss of intellect and personality, is most closely associated with the deterioration of _________-producing neurons.
Alzheimer's which involves severe impairment of memory as part of a loss of intellect and personality, is most closely associated with the deterioration of ; acetylcholine producing neurons.
As far as dementia goes, Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent. The disease is gradual, starting with mild memory loss and potentially progressing to the loss of communication and environmental awareness. The brain regions that are responsible for thought, memory, and language are affected by Alzheimer's disease. Age-related changes in the brain as well as genetic, environmental, and lifestyle variables are likely contributing factors. There are less acetylcholine molecules in the brains of those who have Alzheimer's disease. Acetylcholine aids in the communication between certain nerve cells. Some of the acetylcholine-using nerve cells are also lost as a result of Alzheimer's disease.learn more about Alzheimer's here: https://brainly.com/question/18406872
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The ____________ plays a significant role in the icf because phosphates are capable of binding and unbinding h , depending on current conditions of acidity or alkalinity.
The phosphate buffer system plays a significant role in the ICF because phosphates are capable of binding and unbinding H⁺, depending on current conditions of acidity or alkalinity.
What is the role of the phosphate buffer system in ICF?The phosphate buffer system plays an important role in buffering intracellular fluid (ICF).
H₂PO₄⁻ and HPO₄²⁻ are the two primary components of the phosphate buffer system. When a mixture of these two chemicals is exposed to a potent acid, such as HCl, the hydrogen is absorbed by the base HPO₄²⁻ and transformed into H₂PO₄⁻.
The strong acid, HCl, is replaced by another weak acid, NaH₂PO₄, as a result of this reaction, which also minimizes pH reduction.
The OH⁻ is buffered by the H₂PO₄⁻ to create further amounts of HPO₄²⁻ + H₂O when a strong base, such as NaOH, is added to the buffer system.
In this scenario, a strong base (NaOH) is exchanged for a weak base (NaH₂PO₄), leading to a minimal pH increase.
The body fluids' typical pH is 7.4, so the phosphate buffer system's pK of 6.8, which is close to that value, enables the system to function close to its maximal buffering capacity.
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There are approximately 4 to 11 ____________ white blood cells per microliter of blood.
There are approximately 4,500 to 11,000 WBCs white blood cells per microliter of blood.
The immune system of the body includes white blood cells. They support the body's defenses against illness and infection.Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), monocytes, and lymphocytes are different types of white blood cells (T cells and B cells).Blood typically contains 4,500 to 11,000 WBCs per microliter (4.5 to 11.0 109/L), or WBCs. Different labs may have slightly different normal value ranges. Some laboratories may test various specimens or utilize various metrics. Discuss your test results with your provider.Too many white blood cells typically indicate an infection or inflammatory condition within the body. A high white blood cell count may, less frequently, be a sign of some blood malignancies or bone marrow issues.learn more about white blood cells here: https://brainly.com/question/87658
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Need help asap. Picture below to see what I need help with
When a BB male and a Bb female are crossed, 50% BB and 50% Bb genotypes are produced and a 100% black phenotype.
The entire number of genes that an organism receives from its parents makes up its genotype. Alleles, which are pairs of these genes, are found. One gene is dominant and one gene is recessive in each allele.
The dominant gene is always expressed in a cross if it is present. Only when a pair of alleles is made up of two recessive genes does the recessive gene express itself. In this instance, the white fur is subordinate to the black fur. White fur is represented as b, while black fur is represented as B.
We can see that when we cross the BB male and Bb female, we will get a genotype that is 50% BB and 50% Bb, as well as a phenotype that is 100% black fur.
Parents: BB x Bb
Gametes: B, B, and B, b
Offspring: BB, BB, Bb, Bb
The genotypic ratio = 1:1
The phenotypic ratio = 1:0
Genotype probabilities:
P(BB) = 2/4 = 0.5 or 50%
P(Bb) = 2/4 = 0.5 or 50%
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Which line depicts the growth of a population of acidophiles in the vaginal tract?
A glycogen-rich vaginal milieu depicts the growth of a population of acidophiles in the vaginal tract.
An efficient initial line of defense against invading pathogens, such as bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis-associated bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, is provided by lactobacilli and their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory compounds combined with elements of the epithelial mucosal barrier. Eubiosis and the health of the vagina depend on a healthy host-microbe interaction.
The lactic acid and cytolysin generated by lactobacilli promote glycogen availability and the lysis of epithelial cells. Lactic acid makes the vaginal environment more acidic, which encourages the growth of Lactobacilli while preventing the formation of infection-related organisms.
The bacteria that inhabit the vagina are known as vaginal flora. Several lactobacillus species predominate in the normal vaginal flora. By creating lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and other compounds that stop the growth of yeast and other undesirable organisms, lactobacilli contribute to the vagina's overall health.
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Given the following diagram, what product is produced at Location A?
This diagram shows various processes and products in the global carbon cycle. Location A shows organisms in the ocean undergoing photosynthesis and respiration.
Public Domain
Carbohydrates
Carbonic acid
Fossil fuels
Limestone
What would happen if a mutation occurred in dna such that the second codon of the resulting mrna were changed from ugg to uag?
No functional protein would be produced since translation would halt at the second codon.
Why does mutation occurs in DNA?A sector or patch of cells with defective function can result from a somatic mutation, a change in the DNA of a body cell of a multicellular organism that can be passed on to descendant cells by DNA replication. Any transcriptional or translational mistake may result in mutations occurring spontaneously. Spontaneous mutation is the term used to describe mutations that die on their own without being influenced by their environment.
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The axial skeleton contains ________. 1. skull 2. scapula 3. true and false ribs 4. vertebrae 5. phalanges
The axial skeleton contains the skull, true and false ribs, and vertebrae. Option 1 and 4.
What is axial skeleton?The axial skeleton is a portion of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head, the neck, the chest, and the back.
It is in contrast to the appendicular skeleton which consists of the bones of the upper and lower extreme of the body, including the bones of the shoulder and the pelvis.
The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones altogether, including the bones of the ears and the vertebral column.
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When stomata are open and a plant is transpiring normally, how does water move from the soil into the root xylem? select all that apply.
When stomata are open and a plant is transpiring normally, movement of water from the soil into the root xylem is brought about by:-
Pressure generated by roots which pumps water upwards in the plant. Without any additional work done on the fluid by the plant.Evaporation from the leaves in the form of transpiration.In 1895, the Irish plant physiologists H. H. Dixon and J. Joly suggested that water is pulled up the plant by tension or negative pressure from above.
As water is continually being lost from the leaves through transpiration, Dixon and Joly concluded that the loss of water in the leaves exerts a pull on the water in the xylem ducts and draws more water into the leaf.
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name the two parts of an ecosystem from which organisms need resources to survive and reproduce?
Answer:
abiotic and biotic
Explanation:
the abiotic components of any ecosystem are properties os the environment
A dihybrid cross produces 30 recombinant offspring out of a total of 1,000 offspring. What is the recombination frequency of the two gene pairs?
The recombination frequency of the two gene pairs is 3%.
The number of recombinant offspring(r.o.) / total number of offspring x 100% = recombination frequency(θ):
r.o./total x 100% = θ
30/100 x 100% = 3%
Recombinant offspring are children that have a different allele combination to their parents.
For example, say a mother has a haploid cell with the alleles AB and the father has a haploid cell with the alleles ab. These combine to make a diploid cell with the sequence Aa+Bb.
Formation of Recombinant Offspring :
Recombination can happen in two different ways; independent assortment and crossing over.
Independent assortment is when the maternal and parental DNA are mixed during meiosis, creating a new gene sequence.Crossing over happens during the first stage of meiosis when the two homologous chromosomes are paired and a portion breaks off on the same loci then reconnects to a different end. Crossing over can only happen when there isn't a physical linkage of the parental alleles.Recombination frequency (θ) is the frequency with which a single chromosomal crossover will take place between two genes during meiosis. A centimorgan (cM) is a unit that describes a recombination frequency of 1%. In this way we can measure the genetic distance between two loci, based upon their recombination frequency. This is a good estimate of the real distance. Double crossovers would turn into no recombination. In this case we cannot tell if crossovers took place. If the loci we're analysing are very close (less than 7 cM) a double crossover is very unlikely. When distances become higher, the likelihood of a double crossover increases. As the likelihood of a double crossover increases we systematically underestimate the genetic distance between two loci.
When two genes are close together on the same chromosome, they do not assort independently and are said to be linked. Whereas genes located on different chromosomes assort independently and have a recombination frequency of 50%, linked genes have a recombination frequency that is less than 50%.
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How does intestinal failure affect the body? carbon dioxide builds up in the body. carbon dioxide builds up in the body. energy is not given to the body. energy is not given to the body. oxygen does not make it to the brain. oxygen does not make it to the brain. blood is not moved in the body.
Answer:
Its energy is not given to body
Explanation:
Intestinal failure is basically like where your intestines is slow and has no energy.
A food contains 1.1 grams carbohydrates, 13 grams protein, and 11 grams fats. how many calories does the food provide?
If you do an ames test on a substance and the results show many bacteria colonies growing, what does this indicate?
If in an Ames test the result with many bacteria colonies growing indicates that the chemical that is being tested is a mutagen.
Any physical or chemical agent that has the ability to alter an organism's genetic makeup and result in a mutation is referred to as a mutagen.
The Ames test is a biological experiment used to evaluate a chemical compound's potential for mutagenicity. It makes use of bacteria to examine whether a specific chemical can result in DNA alterations in the test organism. Bruce N. Ames created the test in the 1970s.
A large number of colonies indicates that the chemical has caused alterations in the genetic material of the bacteria. Since cancer is frequently linked to mutation, a positive test result will suggest that the substance is mutagenic and so may serve as a carcinogen but not necessarily.
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When a person overdoses on drugs, ultimately, what brain structure was shut down to produce death?
A Final statement or concluding statement
'Medulla' shuts downs as a result of drug overdose.
Why shutting down of Medulla results in death?Usually, medulla damage results in death. Additionally, morphine (and other opiate medications), cocaine, and amphetamine have a very strong effect on this region. Through the impairment of cardiovascular function, these medicines have the potential to result in drug overdose. The development of apnea and a lessened respiratory response to hypoxia are both brought on by receptors, which also produce a medullary diminished response to hypercarbia.
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The hepatic portal vein collects blood from the gi tract and conducts it to the ____.
a. liver
b. hepatic vein
c. heart
d. spleen
Answer:
a.
Explanation:
The portal vein or hepatic portal vein (HPV) is a blood vessel that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen to the liver.
Does the entire process of glucose breakdown in the body occurs in the presence of oxygen?
The correct option is (b)i.e, false that the entire process of glucose breakdown in the body occurs in the presence of oxygen.
The metabolic process that converts glucose into pyruvic acid is known as glycolysis. The high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are created using the free energy released during this process. A series of ten enzyme-catalyzed processes make up glycolysis.
Another name for glycolysis is the EMP pathway. It is named after Embden, Meyerhof, and Parnas, the names of the discoverers. Because it is the metabolic process by which glucose produces cellular energy, glycolysis is significant. The most crucial source of energy for all living things is glucose. The great majority of cells in the human body chose glucose as their preferred fuel because only red blood cells can utilize it.
Fermentation is a process that allows glycolysis to occur in the absence of oxygen. The citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and the other three phases of cellular respiration all require oxygen to function. In the cytoplasm of the cell, glucose is first broken down. This cellular respiration process is anaerobic, which means oxygen is not needed for it to occur.
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What part of henry’s cochlea may have damaged hair cells? What part of henry’s cochlea may have functional hair cells?
The henry's may have damaged and functional hair cells of cochlea in organ of corti.
Hearing and the Cochlea:
Sound waves that enter the ear go through the external auditory canal before they strike the eardrum and cause it to vibrate. The incus receives sound vibrations from the malleus, also called "hammer," which is linked to the eardrum, and sends them on to the stapes.The stapes is a framework that moves the oval window in and out. This motion is received by the cochlea, a fluid-filled snail-like structure that houses the organ of Corti, the hearing organ. Small hair cells make up the lining of the cochlea. These cells convert vibrations into electrical impulses that sensory nerves then transmit to the brain. the Corti organ, which has four rows of hair cells. On the left, there is an inner row, and on the right, there are three outside rows. The stapes first sways against the oblong glass. This causes sound waves to travel into the cochlear fluid and move the organ of Corti.Lower frequency sound resonates with fibers towards the cochlea's upper end. Higher frequencies elicit a response from those near the oval window.Learn more about the Structure of ear with the help of the given link:
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What is the name of the irreversible inhibitor (drug) used as an example in the lecture?
Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DPF) is the irreversible inhibitor (drug) used as an example in the lecture. the its an enzyme hydrolyses the pheophrous- Florine bond, but the phosphate remains bound to serine in the active site and deactivating it.
Irreversible inhibitor are contently /non contently bound to the specific enzyme and slow down the enzyme. invisible hibitors are 3 types such as group specific reagents , reactive substrate analogs also known as affinity label and inhibitor.
There are some examples of irreversible inhibitors -compound diisopropylphosphofluoridate (DIPF), nerve gases ,acetylcholinesterase ,and preventing transmission of impulse. Penicillin irreversibly inhibits the enzyme transpeptidase by reacting with transpeptidase.
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Plasma contains more sodium than chloride. How can this be if individual ions of sodium and chloride exactly balance each other out, and plasma is electrically neutral?.
In addition to chloride, there are other negatively charged molecules in plasma. The extra sodium restores the balance of the overall negative charges.
What is plasma?It is an aqueous solution that is thick in consistency, straw-colored, and somewhat alkaline. Fifty five percent of the blood is formed by it.
It is made up of a variety of organic and inorganic components, including 90–92% water and 6–8% solutes.
It includes fibrinogen, globulins, albumins, a trace quantity of sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, glucose, amino acids, lipids, and other coagulation-related substances.
Plasma's primary function is to transport proteins, hormones, and nutrients to the body's many organs. Additionally, plasma is where cells dump their waste. The plasma then aids in the body's elimination of this waste. All components of the blood are also transported through your circulatory system by blood plasma.
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What would be a likely outcome if the alignment of maternal and paternal chromosomes durinmg metaphase of meiosis?
A Final statement or concluding statement
Answer: Alleles for genes would tend to be inherited together because chromosome pairs would align non-randomly.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in the production of four gamete cells and a halving of the number of chromosomes in the parent cell. In this, Meiosis I and II, the two cell divisions, occur without the S phase in between. The sister chromatids are held together by a mechanism known as cohesion during meiosis I, where the chromatin condenses like it does during mitosis.
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What is the medical term for the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach?
Eructation is the medical term for the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach. It is preceding vomiting consists of pronged retching movement during the period of nausea and spasmodic uncoordinated contraction of muscles of respiration during diaphragm contracts.
Passing of gas through the mouth is called as burping. The return of swallowed food to the mouth is known as regurgitation. This is the process to eliminate the gas that is produced as a byproduct of microbial fermentation.
Burping keeps your stomach from expanding too much from swallowed air. That air travels back to esophagus, which leads to an audible release that people it burp.
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The fate of pyruvate produced during glycolysis depends primarily on the availability of.
Molecular oxygen
The fate of pyruvate produced during glycolysis depends primarily on the availability of molecular oxygen.
What is glycolysis?Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic mechanism that converts glucose into two molecules with three carbons each and releases energy. Hexokinase, a phosphorylating enzyme, assists in the phosphorylation process that traps glucose. This reaction uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the end result, glucose-6-P, inhibits hexokinase.What happens during glycolysis?The process by which glucose is broken down to provide energy is known as glycolysis. It generates two pyruvate molecules, ATP, NADH, and water. Importance of glycolysis:Because it is the metabolic process by which glucose produces cellular energy, glycolysis is significant. The most crucial source of energy for all living things is glucose.Most cells in the human body prefer glucose as a fuel because red blood cells cannot use anything else.To learn more about glycolysis visit:
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Which fluid is expected to have lowest viscosity? all the fluids are at the same temperature
Helium has lowest viscosity .
The least viscous at any temperature must be superfluid liquid helium. Many liquids exhibit low viscosity at room temperature, such as water or alcohol, and other liquids demonstrate low viscosity under increasing heat. For example, cooking oil, although rather inviscid at room temperature, becomes even less viscous when it is heated in a pan.
Honey has the greatest resistance to flow, so it has the greatest viscosity. Causes of viscosity in liquids is due to strong cohesive forces between the molecules, any layer in a moving fluid tries to drag the adjacent layer to move with an equal speed and thus produces the effect of viscosity.
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Shortly after gastrulation, the body and organs of the embryo begin to form. This process is called?
Shortly after gastrulation, the body and organs of the embryo begin to form. This process is called embryogenesis.
The process by which an embryo transforms into a fetus is known as embryogenesis. The three germ layers that eventually give rise to the various organs in the animal body are formed as a result of gastrulation.Embryogenesis is the name of this process. As a result of differentiation, organs emerge from the germ layers. The process of creating and growing an embryo from a zygote (zygotic embryogenesis) or a somatic cell is known as embryogenesis (somatic embryogenesis). An incredibly well-organized series of cell division, expansion, and differentiation takes place during embryo development.
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Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called?
What does the fossil trace golf course in golden, colorado, have to do with mineral resources?what does the fossil trace golf course in golden, colorado, have to do with mineral resources?
Fossil trace golf course is a prehistoric club with a massive remnants of clay mining equipment can be seen throughout the layout designed by renowned architect Jim Engh.
what is fossil trace golf course?A club with ancient history and remnants of clay mining equipment.
Each piece is of rich history of the property and save the memories of many award winning golf players.
It was established in July 2003 in the Colorado City of Golden which was actually opened 64-million years
Fossil Trace Golf Club is widely called as one of Denver’s top golf course.
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