The external expression of a mineral’s orderly internal arrangement of atoms is referred to as its crystal form
Internally, a mineral's crystal structure, or regular, repeating arrangement of atoms, reflects the chemical makeup of the mineral. A CHEMICAL FORMULA, which only lists the proportions of the various elements and groups of elements in the mineral, can be used to describe the composition of a mineral. For minerals with a narrow range of composition, the latter idea—groups of elements—comes into play. Color, hardness, luster, crystal formations, density, and cleavage are characteristics that aid geologists in determining a mineral's identity in a rock. The atomic structure of a crystal essentially determines its form, cleavage, and hardness. Chemical composition is the main determinant of color and density.
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Please help,
How could you tell a Ca(NO3)2 solution from a Zn(NO3)2 solution?
Answer:
Anhydrous calcium nitrate reaction with water is highly endothermic
A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0°c. what happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?
Answer:
Remains the same
Explanation:
Until the ice is all melted the water should remain at 0° C....
the ice melting is a constant temp process and absorbs heat as it melts at 0 C
Aside from the high-energy molecules like atp and nadh, what is the net reaction for the complete oxidation of acetyl-coa in the tca cycle?
Aside from the high-energy molecules like ATP and NaDH . The net reaction for the complete oxidation of acetyl-COA in the TCA cycle is given as ,
Pyruvate → 3[tex]CO_{2}[/tex]
The reaction of the cycle are carried out by eight enzymes that completely oxidize acetate ( a two carbon molecule ) , in the form of acetyl-COA , into two molecules each of carbon dioxide and water . The net yield of one turn of the TCA cycle in terms of energy - containing compounds is one GTP , one FADH2 , and three NADH molecules . The NADH molecules are used in oxidative
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calculate the weight of CO having the same number of oxygen atoms as are present in 22g of CO2.
The mass or the weight of the substance is given as the product of moles and molar mass. The weight of CO as the same oxygen atom in carbon dioxide is 28 gm.
What is mass?Mass of the substance has been given by the moles and the molar mass of the substance and also by the Avogadro's number (Na).
It is known that the molar mass of carbon dioxide is 44, and 1 mole of it will contain 44 gm or 6.022 × 10²³ molecules.
In a carbon dioxide molecule oxygen has 2 atoms so,
6.022 x 10²³ molecules of CO₂ = 2 × 6.022 x 10²³ atoms of Oxygen
so, 44g of carbon dioxide = 2 × 6.022 × 10²³ atoms of Oxygen
22 gm of carbon dioxide will also have 6.022 × 10²³ atoms of Oxygen
1 mole of carbon monoxide = 28 gm
So, 28 gm will have 6.022 × 10²³ atoms of Oxygen and will weigh 28 gm.
Therefore, the mass of carbon monoxide is 28 gm.
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Explanation:
1 mol of CO2=12+32=44 g
Number of oxygen in 1 molecule of CO2=2
Therefore, 44 g CO2 contains 2 moles of oxygen
22 g CO2 contains =442×22=1 mole oxygen atom
1 mole of CO=12+16=28 g
∴ 28 g CO contains 1 mol oxygen atom.
Exercise 3 - questions 1. what types of properties about the substance that you tested did you use to determine whether you thought it was an acid or base?
There are some types of properties about the substance that you tested did you use to determine whether you thought it was an acid or base. Some are given below.
Litmus paper : If a blue litmus paper turns red the solution is acid, it means its pH level is less than 7. If a red litmus paper turns blue the solution is basic,It means its pH level is more than 7.Indicators : Different indicators is used to determine whether a solution is acidic or basic. The common examples of indicators are methyl orange and phenolpthalein .Substances that are used to determine whether a particular substance is an acid or base are called indicator. The indicator is a dye that is weak an organic acid or base that changes color when it is added to an acid and base.
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According to the iupac convention, alkyl group names should be located ________ of the name of the main chain
According to the IUPAC convention, alkyl group names should be located at the end of the name of the main chain.
What is IUPAC?IUPAC is a system of chemistry in which the naming of the organic compound has to be done based on their structure by following some rules given by the IUPAC system. Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are the three major functional groups of organic chemistry.
The full form of IUPAC is the international union of pure and applied chemistry.
Alkyl groups are same as alkenes just the end name of both are different but both of then specifies the single bond in structure and name has to be written in last.
Therefore, according to the IUPAC convention, alkyl group names should be located at the end of the name of the main chain.
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A gas bottle contains 8. 61×1023 oxygen molecules at a temperature of 359. 0 k. what is the thermal energy of the gas? (you might need to know boltzmann's constant: kb = 1. 38×10-23 j/k. )
A gas bottle contains 8. 61×1023 oxygen molecules at a temperature of 359. 0 k then the thermal energy of the gas is 6.35KJ.
What is thermal energy?Thermal energy is the energy contained within a system which is responsible for its temperature. Heat is also termed as flow of thermal energy.
Thermal energy is directly proportional to the temperature. As temperature increase thermal energy increases.
Given,
temperature = 395K
Number of oxygen molecules= 8.61 × 10^(23)
Firstly we will calculate the number of moles = N/A
where A is the avagadro number = 6.022 × 10^(23)
number of moles = 8.61 × 10^(23)/6.022 ×10^(23)
number of moles = 1.42moles
Using the energy equation,
E = 3/2 × nRT
where R is the gas constant = 8.314J/molK
E = 3/2 × 1.42 × 8.314 × 359
= 6357.4J
= 6.35KJ
Thus, we found that the thermal energy of the gas is 6.35KJ.
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If you have 200. 0 g of radioisotope with a half-life of 5 days. How much isotope would remain after 15 days?
If you have 200. 0 g of radioisotope with a half-life of 5 days. 25g of isotope would remain after 15 days
Isotopes are members of an element family that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons. The atomic number of an element on the Periodic Table is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus. Carbon, for example, has six protons and has atomic number 6.
Radioisotopes are elemental radioactive isotopes. They can alternatively be defined as atoms with an unstable neutron-proton combination or surplus energy in their nucleus.
Radioisotopes are critical components of medical diagnostic techniques. They can be utilized for imaging to examine the dynamic processes taking place in various sections of the body when combined with imaging devices that register the gamma rays emitted from within.
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What will be formed when Sodium reacts with water
How does ion exchange work? Why does it remove calcium ions (ca2+ ) and magnesium ions (mg2+ ) from hard water?
By exchanging them with sodium (or potassium) ions, cation exchange water softeners eliminate the calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water.
Ion exchange in water:
Ion exchange is the reversible exchange of ions, or charged particles, with other ions that have a similar charge. This happens when ions with a comparable charge that are present in the surrounding solution effectively switch places with ions that are located on an insoluble IX resin matrix.
The ion exchange procedure eliminates the water's enduring hardness. Hardness is eliminated in this technique through the use of resins. Cl- and anion exchange resin are used to exchange Ca++/Mg++ ions and SO4-2 ions (RNH2OH). The ion exchange procedure totally removes all of the total dissolved solids.
In ion exchange, calcium and magnesium, which are hardness ions, are removed and replaced with non-hardness ions, usually sodium, which is provided by dissolved sodium chloride salt, or brine.
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Landon thinks that taking care of one's family is very important. This is an example of a(n)?
Developing enduring relationships and sensing love - Taking care of others fosters empathy and the capacity to connect with others, especially through trying circumstances. Additionally, 77% of caregivers who are also employed claim that their relationship with their parents and/or in-laws has improved as a result of their caregiving.
Family supports us during both the best and worst of times, which makes these ties crucial. Family is crucial because they can provide unwavering love, support, and stability; they constantly strive to bring out the best in you even when you are unable to perceive it for yourself.
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Are there other tests that could be used to determine if cyclohexanol is present in your product? give at least one test with some detail of what you would expect
Out of the many tests that is used to determine the presence of cyclohexanol in a product is the Lucas test.
The Lucas test is a chemical reactant that is used to identify the presence and level of alcoholism in a given solution. Cyclohexanol shows many chemical properties as do most substances, one of those property is the presence of an alcohol group.
The presence of this chemical group makes it possible to test for cyclohexanol using the Lucas test. The Lucas test will cause reactions in the presence of alcohol and convert alcohols into chloroalkanes, which is nearly insoluble in aquatic solutions.
From above, we concluded that a positive result will look like the solution separates into a cloudy chloroalkane-containing part on top of a much clearer layer.
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Jeff has 10 grams of water and 10 grams of vegetable oil in separate containers. both liquids have a temperature of 24°c. jeff heats both liquids over a flame for five minutes. when he’s finished, he discovers that the temperature of the oil increased more than the temperature of the water. what can jeff conclude from this experiment?
ANSWER: From this experiment, Jeff can conclude that the heat capacity of oil is lower than that of water which means that oil requires less energy per gram of liquid in order to change its temperature.
Which of the following pairs of elements can combine to form an ionic compound?
A hydrogen and carbon
B aluminium and magnesium
C silicon and chlorine
D magnesium and sulphur
Answer:
D.) magnesium and sulphur
Explanation:
Generally, ionic bonds form between a metal and a nonmetal.
Generally, covalent bonds form between two nonmetals.
Generally, metallic bonds form between two metals.
Nonmetals are located on the right side of the periodic table (apart from the noble gases in the final column). Hydrogen is also a nonmetal. Metals are every other element in the periodic table.
A.) Hydrogen (nonmetal) and carbon (nonmetal) = covalent
B.) Aluminum (metal) and magnesium (metal) = metallic
C.) Silicon (nonmetal) and chlorine (nonmetal) = covalent
D.) Magnesium (metal) and sulphur (nonmetal) = ionic
What is the specific heat of a substance that requires 7.5 kj of heat to raise the temperature of a 2.0 kg sample by 5 degrees c
Answer:
.75 J / g-°C
Explanation:
Specific heat = J / gm-C
= 7500 J /( 2000 gm * 5 c) = .75 J / g-°C
The electron transport chain accepts energy-rich electrons from ______ and ______ produced in the previous reactions of aerobic respiration.
The electrons that enter the transport chain come from NADH and FADH.
What happen in electron transport chain?The electron transport chain accepts energy-rich electrons from NADH and FADH 2 whereas ATP is produced in the previous reactions of aerobic respiration. These processes such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the fatty acid beta-oxidation metabolism, and the oxidation of amino acids occurs before electron transport chain. These processes do the function of transfer of electrons and protons to coenzymes.
So we can conclude that the electrons that enter the transport chain come from NADH and FADH.
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Be sure to answer all parts. an aqueous solution of a strong base has a ph of 10. 220 at 25°c. calculate the concentration of the base if the base is (a) lioh: × 10 m (b) ba(oh)2: × 10 m
An aqueous solution of a strong base has a pH of 10. 220 at 25°C then concentration of the base if the base is
(a) LiOH = 1.66×[tex]10^{-4}[/tex] M
(b) [tex]Ba(OH)_{2[/tex] = 3.32×[tex]10^{-4}[/tex]M
Calculation ,
For calculation of concentration of the LiOH and [tex]Ba(OH)_{2[/tex] first we have to calculate pOH of the solution.
pH + pOH = 14
pOH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 10.22 = 3.78
pOH = -㏒ [ [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ]
[ [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ] = [tex]10^{-pH}[/tex] = [tex]10^{-3.78}[/tex] = 1.66×[tex]10^{-4}[/tex]
So , concentration of the base LiOH = 1.66×[tex]10^{-4}[/tex]
So , concentration of the base [tex]Ba(OH)_{2[/tex] = 1.66×[tex]10^{-4}[/tex] ×2 = 3.32×[tex]10^{-4}[/tex]
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Name the following compound: CH₂-C- CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-C - H butanal O2-butanol O propyl hydrogen ether 1-propanone
Answer:
butanal
Explanation:
It's not 1-propanone because otherwise you have OH bonded to C not O and H bonded to C separately. 2-butanol means that the O and H would be bonded to a different C atom, and it's not propyl hydrogen ether because the O would be in the chain of bonded Cs.
Hope this helps :)
Answer:
Butanal
Explanation:
trust
What characteristic of skeletal muscle cells enables them to efficiently extract oxygen from the blood?
Myoglobin in red slow twitch muscle pulls the O2 off the blood. Your striated muscles, which include your cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles, contain the protein known as myoglobin. Its primary job is to give your muscles' cells oxygen (myocytes). Your body's cells require oxygen to function.
Myoglobin is harmful to the kidneys in large doses. Myoglobin can be released in large volumes into the blood stream in response to severe trauma or muscle injuries, which can harm the kidneys and eventually lead to renal failure. A globin and heme molecule combine to form the dark red protein known as myoglobin.
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Starting with 1.5 mL of isopentyl alcohol, 2.0 mL of concentrated acetic acid, and 0.4 mL of concentrated phosphoric acid, what is the theoretical yield (in g) of isopentyl acetate
The theoretical yield isopentyl acetate is of the 1.82 g
What is the theoretical yield (in g) of isopentyl acetate?Now the theoretical yield is the yield of the product as obtained from the stoichiometry of the reaction. In this case, we know the reaction is 1:1.
Mass of isopentyl alcohol = 0.810 g/mL * 1.5 mL = 1.215 g
Mass of acetic acid = 1.05 g/mL * 2 mL = 2.1 g
Number of moles of isopentyl alcohol = 1.215 g/88 g/mol = 0.014 moles
Number of moles of acetic acid = 2.1 g /60 g/mol = 0.035 moles
Hence isopentyl alcohol is the limiting reactant.
1 mole of isopentyl alcohol yields 1 mole of isopentyl acetate
0.014 moles isopentyl alcohol yields 0.014 moles of isopentyl acetate
Mass of of isopentyl acetate = 0.014 moles * 130 g/mol = 1.82 g
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Consider the hypothetical atom x. if the molecular formula for calcium nitrate is ca(no3)2 and the formula of x chloride is xcl2. what is the molecular formula for x nitrate
X(N03)2
Given: Consider a hypothetical atom x
molecular formula of calcium nitrate = Ca(NO3)2
formula of x chloride is xcl2
molecular formula for x nitrate = ?
we are first putting calcium with chlorideon checking calcium on the periodic table we observe it in group 2so calcium has two plus chargewhereas chloride being a halogen it is observed in group 7it forms ion with one negative charge which would become CaCl2so if we have Ca(NO3)2 and see a Cl2 with our hypothetical atom x , if the formula of x with chloride as XCl2 then formula with the nitrate is going to be xthis will be similar to calcium because calcium is just like it when we look at calcium with chloridehence when x goes with nitrate it is going to look just like the formula for calcium nitratethis gives us the final answer to be X(NO3)2To learn more about molecular formula for hypothetical atom visit:
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The burning of ethane produces both co2 and H2O. if 400 ml of CO2 is produced at 30°C and 740 torr, what volume of water vapor would be produced at 19°C and 780 torr?
The volume of water vapour would be produced at 19°C and 780 torr is 548.5mL.
If 400 ml of CO2 is produced at 30°C at 740 torr, then number of moles can be calculated as:
By using ideal gas equation:
P1V1 = N1R1T1
P1 = pressure = 740torr
V1 = 400 ml = volume of CO2
R = Gas constant = 8.314
T = 273+30 = 303 k
740×400 = N1×8.314×303
N1 = (740×400) /(8.314×303) =117.5.
Chemical equation
C2H6 ---- 2CO2 + 3H2O.
As we noticed from the equation that
2 moles of CO2 = 3 moles of H2O
1 moles of CO2 × 1 moles of H2O
Then N2 = 117.5 moles of CO2 = 3/2 × 117.5 moles of H2O
By using ideal gas equation:
P2V2 = N2RT2
V2 = 3/2 × 117.5 × 8.314 × 292/ 780
= 548.5ml.
Thus, we found that the volume of water vapour would be produced at 19°C and 780 torr is 548.5mL.
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What is the name of CuO? Explain how you determined the bond type and the steps you used to determine the naming convention for the compound.
The name of CuO is copper II oxide and its bond type is ionic or electrovalent bond.
What is electrovalent bond?An ionic or electrovalent bond is the type of chemical bond where two atoms or molecules are connected to each other by electrostatic attraction.
This electrostatic attraction is as a result of the transfer of electrons from the metallic element to the non-metal.
According to this question, CuO is a chemical compound consisting of two elements namely; copper and oxygen. The compound name is copper II oxide.
Copper as a metal transfers electrons to oxygen atoms, hence, an ionic bond is formed between the molecules.
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What point defects are possible for al2o3 as an impurity in mgo? how many al3 ions must be added to form each of these defects?
Point defects are possible for al2o3 as an impurity in mgo. then 2 Al3+ must be added to form 1 Mg2+ must be added to form each of these defects
Point defects are zero-dimensional lattice defects, meaning they lack lattice structure in any dimension. Impurity atoms in a pure metal, vacancies, and self-interstitials are examples of common point defects.
Point defects are zero-dimensional lattice defects, which means they lack any kind of lattice structure. Point defects include, but are not limited to, atoms of impurity in a pure metal, vacancies, and self-interstitials.
The term "point defect" refers to the flaw or imperfection that results from the placement of a point-like constituent particle, such as an atom, an ion, or a molecule, in a crystalline structure.
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What is the reaction product of acetic acid and ethylamine at room temperature?
Ammonium salt of acetic acid is the reaction product of acetic acid and ethylamine at room temperature.
The acetic acid and ethylene amine form salts and this result is expected same as form in the reaction of oxalic acid and ethylene diamine at ambient temperature.
The reaction of acetic acid with ammonium forms ammonium salt of carboxylic acid which on heating undergoes elimination to form amide as acetamine. The salt is form due to deprotonation of acid by the base. The amide is form on heating of the ammonium carboxylate salt. Such type of reaction is called aminooacide reaction.
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A welding torch requires 602.1 L of ethylene gas at 2.77 atm. What will be the pressure of the gas if ethylene is supplied by a 110.6 L tank?
Why isn't the ph at the equivalence point always equal to 7 in a neutralization titration?
The pH at the equivalence point always not equal to 7 in a neutralization titration when titration occur between weak acid and weak base , strong acid and weak base or strong base weak acid. The reason behind it is given as,
At equivalence point the product is present by reacting from acid and base. So, when weak acid titrate with strong base then the solution will be weak base at equivalence point.When strong acid is neutralize with strong base then it form neutral product at the equivalence point. Hence the final conclusion is that the pH of the solution in which titration is takes place between strong acid and strong base is 7 that is neutral left titration between all type of acids and bases ha pH not equal to 7 .
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Calculate the molality of a sulfuric acid solution containing 24. 4 g of sulfuric acid in 198 g of water
Answer:
1.26 m
Explanation:
The molality equation looks like this:
Molality = moles solute / mass solvent (kg)
In this case, sulfuric acid is the solute and water is the solvent. To calculate the molality, you need to (1) convert grams solute to moles solute (via molar mass), then (2) convert grams solvent to kilograms solvent, and then (3) calculate the molality.
(Step 1)
Molar Mass (H₂SO₄): 2(1.008 g/mol) + 32.065 g/mol + 4(15.998 g/mol)
Molar Mass (H₂SO₄): 98.073 g/mol
24.4 grams H₂SO₄ 1 mole
----------------------------- x ------------------------ = 0.249 moles H₂SO₄
98.073 grams
(Step 2)
198 grams H₂O 1 kg
------------------------- x ---------------------- = 0.198 kg H₂O
1,000 grams
(Step 3)
Molality = moles solute / mass solvent
Molality = 0.249 moles H₂SO₄ / 0.198 kg H₂O
Molality = 1.26 m
As a gaseous element condenses, the atoms become ________ and they have ________ attraction for one another.
As a gaseous element condenses, the atoms become closer together and they have more attraction for one another.
What is Condensation?The transformation of water vapour into liquid is known as condensation. The process is the opposite of evaporation, in which liquid water turns into a vapour. Either the air is chilled to its dew point or it gets too saturated with water vapour to retain any more water, causing condensation to occur.
Attraction - Gas Particles move continuously in a straight path in a gas. They are significantly further apart and move independently of one another because the kinetic energy of the molecule is larger than the attraction force between them. There are often almost no attractive forces between particles.
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What is the general term for the process in which a chemical species gains electrons?
Reduction is the general term for the process in which a chemical species gains electrons
The number of electrons attached to an atom or group of atoms increases during a reduction, a type of chemical reaction. One material is provided with electrons by another, which is oxidized as a result of the reduction.
One of the atoms participating in the chemical interaction between two chemicals gains electrons during reduction, which is a type of chemical reaction. The term refers to the element that receives electrons since the element that gains electrons have a lower oxidation state. A chemical species lowers its oxidation number during a half-reaction known as reduction, typically by acquiring electrons.
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