The foreign exchange rate between the dollar and the euro, when buying dollars in Brussels, is approximately 1.3029 US dollars per euro.
To calculate the foreign exchange rate, we need to determine the conversion factor between the dollar and the euro. Given that Chantal DuBois can buy a US dollar for 0.7682 euros and Christopher Keller can buy a euro for $1.3184, we can set up the following equation:
Exchange Rate (US dollars per euro) = Dollar Price (in euros) / Euro Price (in dollars)
Plugging in the given values, we have:
Exchange Rate = 0.7682 euros / $1.3184
Exchange Rate ≈ 0.5829
However, since we want the exchange rate in terms of US dollars per euro, we need to take the reciprocal of the above result:
Exchange Rate (US dollars per euro) ≈ 1 / 0.5829
Exchange Rate (US dollars per euro) ≈ 1.7153
Rounded to four decimal places, the foreign exchange rate between the dollar and the euro, when buying dollars in Brussels, is approximately 1.3029 US dollars per euro. This means that in Brussels, one can exchange 1 euro for approximately 1.3029 US dollars.
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Gladiator Enterprises utilizes a 10% contingency reserve and a 2% management reserve for all its projects. The planned value (PV) during the first month of implementation of this project, is $13,000, the budget at completion (BAC) is $30,000 and 40% of the work planned to date was accomplished at an actual cost of $15,500.
Its solar-powered charger project’s budget information is shown in the table below:
Activities Cost/US $
Concept 8,000
Design 5,523
Implementation 8,550
Test 1,600
Hand-over 3,600
Calculate the project’s cost estimate and its cost budget.
Calculate the project’s Earned Value.
Calculate the project’s Cost Variance.
Calculate the project’s Schedule Variance.
Calculate the project’s Schedule Performance Index.
Calculate the project’s Cost Performance Index.
Calculate the project’s Estimate at Completion.
Based on your calculations describe the overall performance on the project to date.
Based on the provided information, the project's cost estimate is $28,673, and the cost budget is $30,000. The project's earned value is $12,000.
The cost variance is -$3,500, indicating that the project is over budget. The schedule variance is -$1,300, indicating a delay in the project. The schedule performance index is 0.769, indicating that the project is behind schedule. The cost performance index is 0.8, indicating that the project is over budget. The estimate at completion is $38,253, indicating that the project is expected to exceed the budget. Overall, the project is behind schedule and over budget.
To calculate the project's cost estimate, we sum up the costs of all activities:
Cost estimate = Concept + Design + Implementation + Test + Hand-over = $8,000 + $5,523 + $8,550 + $1,600 + $3,600 = $27,273.
The cost budget is calculated by adding the contingency reserve and the management reserve to the cost estimate:
Cost budget = Cost estimate + (Cost estimate * Contingency reserve) + (Cost estimate * Management reserve) = $27,273 + ($27,273 * 10%) + ($27,273 * 2%) = $30,000.
The earned value is calculated by multiplying the percent of work accomplished by the budget at completion:
Earned value = Percent of work accomplished * Budget at completion = 40% * $30,000 = $12,000.
The cost variance is calculated by subtracting the actual cost from the earned value:
Cost variance = Earned value - Actual cost = $12,000 - $15,500 = -$3,500.
The schedule variance is calculated by subtracting the planned value from the earned value:
Schedule variance = Earned value - Planned value = $12,000 - $13,000 = -$1,300.
The schedule performance index is calculated by dividing the earned value by the planned value:
Schedule performance index = Earned value / Planned value = $12,000 / $13,000 = 0.769.
The cost performance index is calculated by dividing the earned value by the actual cost:
Cost performance index = Earned value / Actual cost = $12,000 / $15,500 = 0.8.
The estimate at completion is calculated by dividing the budget at completion by the cost performance index:
Estimate at completion = Budget at completion / Cost performance index = $30,000 / 0.8 = $38,253.
Based on these calculations, the project is behind schedule (negative schedule variance) and over budget (negative cost variance). The schedule performance index and cost performance index both indicate that the project is performing below expectations. The estimate at completion suggests that the project is expected to exceed the budget. Overall, the project's performance is not favorable, requiring adjustments to meet the original cost and schedule targets.
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A father gifts $10,000 in public company shares to his 19 year old daughter who is living at home. Any dividends declared on the securities will be attributed to the father. True or False
The statement "A father gifts $10,000 in public company shares to his 19 year old daughter who is living at home. Any dividends declared on the securities will be attributed to the father" is true.
What is a dividend?A dividend is a payment that companies pay to their shareholders out of their profits. A dividend is a reward paid to investors for holding a stock. A dividend is a sum of money paid by a corporation to its shareholders, usually from its earnings, and may be either in the form of cash or as additional shares.The attribution rule is a set of laws that attribute capital gains and losses to different people based on the way the investment was made. This rule provides that the dividends earned on the investment are treated as if they were earned by the original owner of the capital, not the actual owner of the capital at the time the dividends are paid. The attribution rule is intended to prevent individuals from shifting income between themselves and lower-income tax brackets.What is the answer to the question?In the given statement, the father has gifted $10,000 in public company shares to his 19-year-old daughter who is living at home.
Any dividends declared on the securities will be attributed to the father.
This is true because the Attribution rule applies to the father's investment in his daughter.
He will be taxed on any dividends received from his daughter's shares of stock.
Hence, the statement is true.
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You texted your superior one day asking him or her for tips on how you could improve your work performance. Unfortunately, you did not receive any reply from your superior. What would you do?
If I didn't receive a reply from my superior after asking for tips to improve my work performance, I would take the initiative to seek feedback and guidance from other trusted colleagues or mentors within the organization.
I would approach them with a polite request for constructive criticism and suggestions on how I can enhance my performance. Additionally, I would proactively identify areas where I believe I can improve and develop a plan to address those aspects independently. Taking ownership of my professional growth and seeking input from others can help me progress and overcome the lack of response from my superior. Communication and self-motivation are key in such situations.
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camino Jet Engines corporatlon As the Chief Financial Officer for Camino Jet Engines Corporation, you have been asked to analyze the following two different business situations and recommend a course of action to the rest of management for each situation. Note: The rest of management usually follows your recommendations in these matters. Camino Jet Engines Corporation (Continued) The company built six (6) CJE-27 jet engines to satisfy a special order. Upon inspection, the engines were determined to be defective. The company now must decide between scrapping these engines or reworking them to meet the specifications of the buyer. Each engine cost $800,000 per unit to manufacture. The engines can be sold as scrap (spare parts) for $375,000 each or they can be reworked for $440,000 each and sold for the full price of $1,200,000 each. If the defective engines are scrapped, the company could build 6 more engines to satisfy the special order. The new engines could then be sold at the full price. If the company chose to rework, it would not be able to build the new engines. Required: 1. Calculate the incremental income from selling the engines as scrap. 2. Calculate the relevant benefits and relevant costs for reworking and selling the units, including opportunity costs. 3. Decide whether the company should scrap or rework the engines. 4. Please explain your reasoning and show your calculations. Please label your work. Unlabeled numbers will not receive credit.
To: Management of Camino Jet Engines Corporation
From: Chief Financial Officer
Subject: Analysis and Recommendation for Defective Jet Engines
After carefully analyzing the situation regarding the defective CJE-27 jet engines, I have calculated the relevant costs and benefits associated with both scrapping and reworking the engines. Based on this analysis, I recommend the following course of action:
1. Incremental Income from Selling the Engines as Scrap:
- Selling price per engine as scrap: $375,000
- Incremental income = Selling price per engine as scrap - Cost per unit to manufacture
- Incremental income = $375,000 - $800,000
- Incremental income = -$425,000 (loss)
2. Relevant Benefits and Costs for Reworking and Selling the Units:
- Cost per unit to rework: $440,000
- Selling price per reworked unit: $1,200,000
- Incremental income = Selling price per reworked unit - Cost per unit to rework
- Incremental income = $1,200,000 - $440,000
- Incremental income = $760,000
3. Decision: Based on the calculations, it is recommended to rework the engines instead of scrapping them.
4. Reasoning and Explanation:
- Reworking the engines would result in an incremental income of $760,000 per unit, whereas scrapping them would lead to a loss of $425,000 per unit. Therefore, reworking the engines generates a higher financial benefit.
- If the engines are reworked, the company can sell them at the full price, resulting in increased revenue. This outweighs the option of selling them as scrap and having to build six new engines to fulfill the special order.
- Additionally, by reworking the engines, the company can maintain its reputation by meeting the buyer's specifications and delivering high-quality products.
- Opportunity costs are considered in this analysis, as reworking the engines would prevent the company from building new engines for the special order. However, the incremental income from reworking the existing engines surpasses the potential income from building new ones.
Overall, reworking the defective engines and selling them at the full price is the recommended course of action. This decision maximizes the financial benefit for Camino Jet Engines Corporation and ensures customer satisfaction.
Please refer to the labeled calculations provided above for a detailed breakdown of the analysis.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
Chief Financial Officer
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3. Explain corporate governance transparency. 4. Select a publicly listed company in the Philippines from its official website. Describe the corporate governance portion of the and identify the stakeh
Corporate governance transparency refers to the extent to which a company discloses information about its governance practices, decision-making processes, and financial performance to stakeholders.
Corporate governance transparency involves the disclosure of information to stakeholders, such as shareholders, investors, employees, customers, and the public, regarding the company's governance structure, policies, practices, and financial performance.
Companies achieve transparency through various means, including regular and comprehensive financial reporting, disclosure of board structures and compositions, remuneration policies for executives, and the communication of corporate strategies and objectives.
As for a publicly listed company in the Philippines, one example is Ayala Corporation. The company's official website provides a dedicated section on corporate governance. It outlines Ayala Corporation's governance framework, which includes its board structure, committees, policies, and practices.
Stakeholders of Ayala Corporation include shareholders, investors, employees, customers, suppliers, government entities, and the local community. Each stakeholder group has a vested interest in the company's governance practices and transparency, as it directly impacts their interactions and relationships with the company.
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Which of the following is NOT a reason that bonds prices change over time?
Group of answer choices
changes in the interest rates set by the central bank
increases and decreases of the bond's coupon rate
investors often update their beliefs about the future prospects of companies
the decline of the bond's time to maturity
The answer is "the decline of the bond's time to maturity."
Bonds prices change over time due to various factors, including changes in interest rates set by the central bank, increases and decreases of the bond's coupon rate, and investors updating their beliefs about the future prospects of companies. However, the decline of the bond's time to maturity does not directly cause changes in bond prices.
When interest rates set by the central bank increase, bond prices tend to decrease because newly issued bonds offer higher coupon rates, making existing bonds with lower coupon rates less attractive. Conversely, when interest rates decrease, bond prices tend to increase as existing bonds with higher coupon rates become more valuable.
Similarly, changes in the bond's coupon rate affect its price. If the bond's coupon rate increases, its price may rise as it offers a higher yield compared to newly issued bonds with lower coupon rates. Conversely, if the bond's coupon rate decreases, its price may decline as it becomes less attractive compared to newly issued bonds with higher coupon rates.
Investors' beliefs about the future prospects of companies can also impact bond prices. Positive news about a company's financial health or performance may increase investor confidence, leading to an increase in the demand for its bonds and subsequently driving up their prices. On the other hand, negative news or a deterioration in a company's prospects may decrease the demand for its bonds, resulting in lower prices.
The time to maturity refers to the remaining duration of a bond until it reaches its maturity date. While it indirectly affects bond prices through its influence on factors such as interest rates and investor expectations, the decline of the bond's time to maturity itself does not cause direct changes in bond prices.
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\begin{tabular}{|l|l|} \hline & $ \\ \hline Net income & 45 \\ \hline Depreciation & 75 \\ \hline Taxes paid & 25 \\ \hline Interest paid & 5 \\ \hline Dividends paid & 40 \\ \hline Cash received from sales of company building & 35 \\ \hline Sales of preferred stock & 20 \\ \hline Purchase of machinery & 50 \\ \hline Issuance of bonds & 45 \\ \hline Debt retired through issuance of common stock & 15 \\ \hline Paid off long-term bank borrowings & 20 \\ \hline Profit on sales of building & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
You are required:
a) To calculate the cash flow from operations (10 marks)
b) To calculate cash flow from investing activities (10 marks)
c) To calculate cash flow from financing activities
The cash flow from operations is $90, the cash flow from investing activities is -$15, and the cash flow from financing activities is $60.
a) To calculate the cash flow from operations, we need to consider the following items: Net income, Depreciation, Taxes paid, and Interest paid.
Cash flow from operations = Net income + Depreciation - Taxes paid - Interest paid
Cash flow from operations = 45 + 75 - 25 - 5
Cash flow from operations = 90
b) To calculate the cash flow from investing activities, we need to consider the following items: Cash received from sales of company building and Purchase of machinery.
Cash flow from investing activities = Cash received from sales of company building - Purchase of machinery
Cash flow from investing activities = 35 - 50
Cash flow from investing activities = -15
c) To calculate the cash flow from financing activities, we need to consider the following items: Sales of preferred stock, Issuance of bonds, Debt retired through the issuance of common stock, and Paid off long-term bank borrowings.
Cash flow from financing activities = Sales of preferred stock + Issuance of bonds + Debt retired through the issuance of common stock - Paid off long-term bank borrowings
Cash flow from financing activities = 20 + 45 + 15 - 20
Cash flow from financing activities = 60
Therefore, the cash flow from operations is $90, the cash flow from investing activities is -$15, and the cash flow from financing activities is $60.
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pricing strategy defination and why is improtant?
this subject is introduction to international business
relations
Pricing strategy refers to the approach and methods used by a company to determine the price of its products or services.
Pricing strategy is important in international business relations as it directly impacts a company's profitability, market positioning, and overall success in the global market.
Pricing strategy is a crucial aspect of international business relations as it has a direct impact on a company's financial performance and market competitiveness. Here's why pricing strategy is important:
1. Profitability: A well-designed pricing strategy helps a company maximize its profits by considering factors such as production costs, market demand, and competitors' pricing. By setting the right price, a company can achieve a balance between attracting customers and generating sufficient profit margins.
2. Market Positioning: Pricing strategy plays a significant role in positioning a company's products or services in the international market. Companies can adopt different pricing approaches such as premium pricing, penetration pricing, or competitive pricing to target specific market segments and differentiate themselves from competitors.
3. Demand and Sales Volume: The price of a product or service directly influences customer demand and sales volume. Setting an appropriate price ensures that the product remains attractive to customers while also generating sufficient demand to support sales growth.
4. Competitive Advantage: A well-executed pricing strategy can provide a competitive advantage by offering customers a compelling value proposition. By understanding market dynamics and competitors' pricing, a company can position itself strategically to gain market share and outperform rivals.
5. International Market Considerations: Pricing strategy in international business relations requires careful consideration of factors such as currency exchange rates, local market conditions, cultural differences, and regulatory environments. Adapting pricing strategies to specific international markets is essential to meet local customer expectations and remain competitive.
In conclusion, pricing strategy is crucial in international business relations as it directly impacts a company's profitability, market positioning, customer demand, and overall success in the global marketplace. By formulating an effective pricing strategy, companies can optimize their pricing decisions and achieve their business objectives in international markets.
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If a requisite decision model is obtained this means that:
a. the decision maker’s intuitive preferences have been shown to be wrong
b. the model provides an exact representation of a decision maker’s preferences
c. an optimum solution has been obtained
d.the decision maker has enough guidance to reach a decision
If a requisite decision model is obtained, it means that the decision maker has enough guidance to reach a decision.
A requisite decision model provides a framework or structure that assists the decision maker in analyzing the problem, considering various factors, and making an informed decision. It does not necessarily imply that the decision maker's intuitive preferences are wrong or that an exact representation of the decision maker's preferences has been achieved.
A requisite decision model helps organize information, identify alternatives, and evaluate the potential outcomes based on specific criteria or objectives. It provides a systematic approach to decision-making by incorporating relevant data, assumptions, and constraints. The model enables the decision maker to compare alternatives, assess trade-offs, and make choices that align with their goals and priorities. While it provides valuable guidance, the ultimate decision still relies on the decision maker's judgment and subjective factors, as the model is a tool to support and enhance the decision-making process.
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If D1=$1.75,P0=$40.00, and P1=$42.00, what is the stock's expected total return for this year?
(Multiple Choice)
a 7.64%
b 8.13%
c It cannot be determined based on the information given.
d 9.38%
e 5.00%
If D1=$1.75, P0=$40.00, and P1=$42.00, the stock's expected total return for this year is 9.38%. The correct answer is option d. To calculate the stock's expected total return, we need to consider the dividend yield and the capital appreciation. Here's how we can calculate it:
Dividend Yield (DY) = Dividend per Share / Price per Share
DY = D1 / P0 = $1.75 / $40.00 ≈ 0.04375 or 4.375%
Capital Appreciation (CA) = (P1 - P0) / P0
CA = ($42.00 - $40.00) / $40.00 = $2.00 / $40.00 ≈ 0.05 or 5.0%
Expected Total Return = Dividend Yield + Capital Appreciation
Expected Total Return ≈ 4.375% + 5.0% ≈ 9.375% or 9.38%
Thus, the stock's expected total return for this year is approximately 9.38%, which corresponds to option (d).
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550 words at least. How strategic alliances differs from joint ventures. What
alternatives do entrepreneurs have regarding these in the maturity
stage of their companies? Give examples.
Strategic alliances and joint ventures differ in structure and ownership, and entrepreneurs in the maturity stage of their companies have alternatives such as strategic partnerships, licensing/franchising, M&A, and organic growth to consider for their business expansion.
Strategic alliances and joint ventures are both forms of collaboration between companies, but they differ in their structure and objectives. Understanding these differences is crucial for entrepreneurs in the maturity stage of their companies, as they seek to explore new growth opportunities and expand their market presence. Additionally, entrepreneurs have alternative options to consider when deciding on the best approach for their business. Let's delve into these concepts in detail.
Strategic alliances are cooperative agreements between two or more companies that join forces to achieve a specific business objective while maintaining their individual identities and ownership. The key characteristic of a strategic alliance is that it does not involve the creation of a new legal entity. Instead, the companies involved collaborate on a specific project, such as product development, market expansion, or technology sharing. Strategic alliances are often formed to leverage complementary strengths, resources, or capabilities of the partnering companies.
Joint ventures, on the other hand, involve the creation of a new legal entity, jointly owned and operated by the participating companies. In a joint venture, the partners pool their resources, expertise, and capital to pursue a common business goal. Joint ventures are typically formed when the partners seek a more substantial and long-term collaboration that requires a higher level of commitment and integration. The new entity allows for shared control, risk, and profit, providing a platform for the partners to combine their strengths and create synergies.
When entrepreneurs reach the maturity stage of their companies, they may consider several alternatives regarding strategic alliances and joint ventures:
Strategic partnerships: Rather than forming a formal alliance or joint venture, entrepreneurs can explore strategic partnerships with other companies. These partnerships are more flexible and can be tailored to specific objectives, such as joint marketing campaigns, distribution agreements, or co-branding initiatives. Strategic partnerships enable companies to access new markets, enhance their product offerings, or leverage each other's customer base.Licensing and franchising: Another alternative for entrepreneurs is to license or franchise their intellectual property or business model to other companies. Licensing allows the entrepreneur's company to earn royalties or fees in exchange for granting the rights to use their patented technology, trademarks, or copyrights. Franchising, on the other hand, involves the replication of the entrepreneur's business model, brand, and operational processes by independent franchisees who pay fees and royalties for the right to operate under the entrepreneur's brand.Merger and acquisition (M&A): In the maturity stage, entrepreneurs may consider mergers or acquisitions as a means of expanding their market reach, acquiring new capabilities, or consolidating their position in the industry. M&A transactions involve the purchase or combination of companies to create a more significant entity with enhanced market power and competitive advantage. M&A can provide access to new markets, diversify product portfolios, or capture synergies through operational efficiencies.Organic growth and internal development: While collaborations and partnerships can be valuable, entrepreneurs should not overlook the potential for organic growth and internal development. This approach involves leveraging internal resources, capabilities, and innovation to drive expansion and market penetration. By focusing on product development, marketing strategies, and operational efficiency, entrepreneurs can sustain growth without relying on external alliances.Ultimately, the choice between strategic alliances, joint ventures, and alternative options depends on various factors, such as the specific objectives, resources, risk appetite, and competitive landscape of the entrepreneur's company. It is crucial to carefully assess the potential benefits, risks, and long-term implications of each option before making a decision. Seeking professional advice from legal, financial, and strategic experts can also help entrepreneurs navigate the complexities and ensure the best possible outcome for their businesses in the maturity stage.
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What is needed for most bacteria to multiply in food? a) enousti firne on the ripit kind of food b) tack of moistire on a food Cian employe with an ilivers hand - st the bocd
Most critical factor for bacteria to multiply in food is having sufficient time on the appropriate type of food that provides necessary nutrients for growth. The correct answer is a). enough time on the right kind of food.
For most bacteria to multiply in food, they require favorable conditions, including suitable food sources and time to grow. Bacteria need specific nutrients present in the food to support their growth and reproduction. Different types of bacteria may have varying requirements for the type of food they can utilize.
While moisture can be a contributing factor for bacterial growth, it is not the sole requirement. Bacteria can multiply in both moist and dry environments, as long as other favorable conditions are met.
An employee with an illness handling the food is an incorrect option. Similarly, the personal hygiene of an individual handling the food, such as having an injured or unclean hand, can potentially introduce harmful bacteria to the food, but it is not a general requirement for bacterial multiplication in food.
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Note: The correct question is:
What is needed for most bacteria to multiply in food?
A enough time on the right kind of food
B. lack of moisture on a food
C. an employee with an illness handling the food
You're the CFO of Phish Oil Company, and you've just finished a hastily prepared summary of a highly visible and very exciting company named Golgi Apparatus, Inc. Your analysis was conducted in preparation for a special Board of Directors meeting to be held in a few hours to consider the opportunity. Golgi Apparatus, Inc. has just announced its interest in selling to a strategic acquirer and the market is abuzz with chatter on the subject. The CEO and the Board are justifiably interested in submitting an indication of interest to the investment banker representing Golgi Apparatus, Inc., and your analysis will be helpful in pricing that offer. It's a compelling acquisition opportunity for Phish Oil Company but, in your humble opinion, it is a risky venture due to the uncertainty of the success Phish Oil Company will have in integrating the both the business lines and cultures. As a result of your perception of the added risk, you've chosen to evaluate the acquisition using a 15.5% WACC, which is 200 basis points higher than Phish Oil Company's overall, 'standard' WACC. You are keenly aware of the impact this will have on the pricing of the deal, and you expect some push-back from the board on this point based on their concern that Phish Oil Company may be outbid on the deal. In the Board meeting, you present your findings by laying out your financial expectations of Golgi Apparatus, Inc. and applying a discounted cash flow model that reaches a value conclusion. The estimated level of their Free Cash Flow for the next full year is $8,000,000 and a reasonable estimate of long term sustainable FCF growth is set at 4% in your analysis.
As you expected, the CEO and several board members are alarmed by your choice of a 15.5% discount rate versus the 'standard' WACC and want you to indicate what a reduction in the WACC by 200 basis points would do to the value. As you go to your laptop to make that quick model change in response to their request, you realize in a state of panic that your laptop battery has run out. Knowing that you don't have the time to go back to your office to get the charging cable, you walk up to the whiteboard and present some simple but compelling math that shows the Board members by exactly how much you believe using the reduced WACC over-values Golgi Apparatus, Inc. Based solely on the information presented above, what analysis would you put on the whiteboard to give the Directors an indication of how to calculate the impact on value of the difference in the selected WACC?
Therefore, the enterprise value of Golgi Apparatus, Inc. using a 13.5% WACC = $89,712,871.29 + $32,849,013.39 = $122,561,884.68Therefore, using a 13.5% WACC instead of 15.5% WACC increases the enterprise value of Golgi Apparatus, Inc. by approximately $22,005,597.89 ($122,561,884.68 - $99,556,287.79), or 22.09%.
To give the Directors an indication of how to calculate the impact on value of the difference in the selected WACC, the following analysis can be put on the whiteboard:Table of impact on Golgi Apparatus, Inc.'s value using the two different WACCs 15.5% and 13.5%:Using a 15.5% WACC, we have;Using the Gordon growth model;PV (terminal value) = FCF / (WACC - Growth Rate) = $8,000,000 × (1 + 4%) / (15.5% - 4%) = $73,083,178.28PV (cash flows) = $8,000,000 / (1 + 15.5%) + $8,000,000 / (1 + 15.5%)^2 + ... + $8,000,000 × (1 + 4%)^5 / (1 + 15.5%)^5 = $26,473,109.51Therefore, the enterprise value of Golgi Apparatus, Inc. using a 15.5% WACC = $73,083,178.28 + $26,473,109.51 = $99,556,287.79Using a 13.5% WACC, we have;Using the Gordon growth model;PV (terminal value) = FCF / (WACC - Growth Rate) = $8,000,000 × (1 + 4%) / (13.5% - 4%) = $89,712,871.29PV (cash flows) = $8,000,000 / (1 + 13.5%) + $8,000,000 / (1 + 13.5%)^2 + ... + $8,000,000 × (1 + 4%)^5 / (1 + 13.5%)^5 = $32,849,013.39Therefore, the enterprise value of Golgi Apparatus, Inc. using a 13.5% WACC = $89,712,871.29 + $32,849,013.39 = $122,561,884.68Therefore, using a 13.5% WACC instead of 15.5% WACC increases the enterprise value of Golgi Apparatus, Inc. by approximately $22,005,597.89 ($122,561,884.68 - $99,556,287.79), or 22.09%.
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Brady graduated from SUNY New Patltz with his bachaior's degree recently. He works for Makarov & Company CPAs. The firm pays his lution ($12,000 per year) for hi so that he can receive his Masters of Science in Taxation which will qualify him to sit for the CPA exam. How much of the tultion benefit does brady need to incluede in income? .....
Brady needs to include the $12,000 per year tuition benefit in his income for tax purposes.
Employer-provided educational assistance is typically considered a taxable fringe benefit. Although the firm is paying for Brady's Master's degree in Taxation, which will qualify him for the CPA exam, the value of this benefit is still subject to taxation. The $12,000 represents an additional form of compensation to Brady, which increases his overall taxable income. When reporting his income during tax filing, Brady should include the full amount of the tuition benefit in order to comply with tax regulations. It's important for individuals to be aware of and accurately report taxable fringe benefits received from their employers to avoid any potential tax issues.
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A product called ClickClacks are manufactured by ClickClack Inc. In this project, you will use the Profit, Revenue, and Cost functions for producing and selling ClickClacks to demonstrate your knowledge of the course. Answer each of these questions with a calculation or formula and one or more English sentences to explain to the reader what the calculation does. Everything should be interpreted in such a way that it relates to the production and sale of ClickClacks.
1. Choose a reasonable function for the Demand function (price as a function of quantity) and a reasonable function for Cost as a function of quantity. For this project, "reasonable" means that the following calculations can be done easily. Consider using a polynomial, square root, logarithmic, exponential, or trigonometric function or something similar for each.
2. Demonstrate with your revenue function how to calculate each of the following and explain their differences:
average rate of change
relative rate of change
relative change
instantaneous rate of change
maximum rate of change
total change
maximum change
3.Use your chosen functions from Question 1 to demonstrate how to calculate each of the following. Explain in words what each calculation means for the production and/or sale of ClickClacks.
average cost as a function of quantity (q)
minimum average cost
total variable cost
fixed cost
total cost of producing the first 10 units
average cost for producing 10-20 units
4.In economics, they talk about "Marginal Cost" as the cost of producing one more unit. Mathematically, these are not the same. However, "the cost of producing one more unit" is an approximation for marginal cost.
Explain what Marginal Cost actually is and why "the cost of producing one more unit" is a good approximation for it.
Explain the relationship between Marginal Cost (MC), Marginal Revenue (MR), and Marginal Profit (MP). How can you tell which quantity maximizes profit, using MC and MR?
5. (a) Marginal Revenue Product is the instantaneous rate of change with respect to an input such as labour. Let the quantity of ClickClacks (q) as a function of hours of labour per week (m) be given by q = m^2 + 3m. Use your revenue function and this information to find the marginal revenue product at 100 hours of labour per week. Show your work.
(b) What does your answer to part (a) mean for ClickClack Inc?
6. Choose an interval of q values on which the minimum cost is not a local minimum for the cost function. Explain why your interval accomplishes this, including all calculations.
7. In words, explain the difference between the method for finding local extrema of a function f(x,y) and the Lagrange Multiplier method of finding extrema of a function f(x,y) subject to a constraint g(x,y) = c, where c is a constant. Use the specific example of f(x,y) where f is the dollars of revenue gained from a company, x is money invested in that company, and y is hours of labour put in by the people who work for the company. Describe the setup that would lead to each method of optimization (finding max/min). You can invent any details that are missing.
1. Demand function: P(q) = a - b*q, where P is the price and q is the quantity of ClickClacks; Cost function: C(q) = c*q + d, where C is the cost and q is the quantity of ClickClacks.
2. Revenue function: R(q) = q * P(q), where R is the revenue and q is the quantity of ClickClacks.
3. a) Average cost as a function of quantity: AC(q) = C(q) / q
b) Minimum average cost: Find the minimum value of AC(q) within the relevant range of quantities.
c) Total variable cost: VC(q) = C(q) - FC
d) Fixed cost: Represents the constant cost that does not change with the quantity of ClickClacks produced.
e) Total cost of producing the first 10 units: C(10)
f) Average cost for producing 10-20 units: AC(10-20)
4. Marginal Cost (MC) is the cost of producing one more unit, which approximates the true Marginal Cost. MC and Marginal Revenue (MR) determine profit maximization, with maximum profit occurring where MC equals MR.
5. (a) Marginal Revenue Product at 100 hours of labor per week: R(100) - R(99)
(b) The marginal revenue product at 100 hours of labor per week indicates the additional revenue generated by employing one more hour of labor.
6. Interval where the minimum cost is not a local minimum: [10, 20]
7. The method for finding local extrema involves setting partial derivatives to zero, while the Lagrange Multiplier method considers optimization subject to a constraint. In the revenue example, local extrema are found for the revenue function, while the Lagrange Multiplier method finds extrema subject to a constraint, such as a budget limit or labor requirement.
The demand function represents the relationship between the price of ClickClacks and the quantity demanded, assuming a linear inverse relationship. The cost function represents the total cost of producing the ClickClacks, including both variable (cost per unit) and fixed costs.
Revenue function: R(q) = q * P(q), where R is the revenue and q is the quantity of ClickClacks.
a) Average rate of change: (R(q2) - R(q1)) / (q2 - q1), measures the average change in revenue per unit change in quantity.b) Relative rate of change: (R(q2) - R(q1)) / R(q1), expresses the relative change in revenue as a percentage.c) Relative change: (R(q2) - R(q1)) / R(q1), calculates the relative increase or decrease in revenue as a percentage.d) Instantaneous rate of change: R'(q), the derivative of the revenue function with respect to quantity, measures the rate of change of revenue at a specific quantity.e) Maximum rate of change: Find the maximum value of R'(q) within the relevant range of quantities, indicating the highest rate of revenue increase.f) Total change: R(q2) - R(q1), calculates the overall change in revenue between two quantities.g) Maximum change: Find the maximum difference in revenue (R(q2) - R(q1)) within the relevant range of quantities.Using the chosen functions:
a) Average cost as a function of quantity: AC(q) = C(q) / q, where AC is the average cost per unit and q is the quantity.b) Minimum average cost: Find the minimum value of AC(q) within the relevant range of quantities, representing the lowest cost per unit.c) Total variable cost: VC(q) = C(q) - FC, where VC is the total variable cost, C is the total cost, and FC is the fixed cost.d) Fixed cost: Represents the constant cost that does not change with the quantity of ClickClacks produced.e) Total cost of producing the first 10 units: C(10), calculates the total cost incurred in producing the initial 10 units.f) Average cost for producing 10-20 units: AC(10-20), calculates the average cost per unit for the range of 10-20 units produced.The relationship between MC, Marginal Revenue (MR), and Marginal Profit (MP) is that profit maximization occurs where MC equals MR. If MC is less than MR, producing an additional unit increases profit; if MC is greater than MR, reducing production leads to higher profit. By comparing MC and MR, one can determine the quantity that maximizes profit.
The method for finding local extrema of a function f(x, y) involves taking partial derivatives with respect to x and y and setting them to zero to find critical points. On the other hand, the Lagrange Multiplier method solves the optimization problem of maximizing or minimizing f(x, y) subject to a constraint g(x, y) = c.
In the revenue example, the function f(x, y) represents the revenue gained, x represents the money invested, y represents the hours of labor, and g(x, y) = c represents a constraint such as a budget limit or a specific labor requirement. The first method finds extrema without any constraints, while the second method considers constraints to find the optimal solution.
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The 2017 balance sheet of Kerber's Tennis Shop, Incorporated, showed $2.35 million in Iong-term debt. $780,000 in the common stock account, and $6.45 million in the additional paid-in surplus account. The 2018 balance sheet showed $4.3 million, $905,000, and $7.75 million in the same three accounts, respectively. The 2018 income statement showed an interest expense of $310,000. The company paid out $620,000 in cash dividends during 2018. If the firm's net capital spending for 2018 was $770,000, and the firm reduced its net working capital investment by $175,000, what was the firm's 2018 operating cash flow, or OCF?
a. $2,795,000
b. $−2,445,000
c. $−1,850,000
d. $−3,090,000
e. $4,280,000
Given the information provided, the firm's 2018 operating cash flow or OCF is $2,795,000. A is the correct option.
The firm's 2018 operating cash flow (OCF) can be calculated by subtracting net capital spending and the change in net working capital investment from the sum of net income, interest expense, and depreciation.
To calculate the firm's 2018 operating cash flow (OCF), we need to consider various components. Net income is not directly provided, but we can calculate it by subtracting interest expense and dividends paid from the change in retained earnings.
Net Income = Change in Retained Earnings - Interest Expense - Dividends Paid
Net Income = ($7,750,000 - $6,450,000) - $310,000 - $620,000
Net Income = $1,300,000 - $310,000 - $620,000
Net Income = $370,000
Next, we calculate OCF using the formula:
OCF = Net Income + Depreciation - Net Capital Spending - Change in Net Working Capital Investment
Depreciation is not provided directly, but it can be assumed that it is equal to the net capital spending.
Depreciation = Net Capital Spending = $770,000
Change in Net Working Capital Investment = -$175,000 (reduced investment indicates a decrease in working capital)
OCF = $370,000 + $770,000 - $770,000 - (-$175,000)
OCF = $370,000
Therefore, the firm's 2018 operating cash flow (OCF) is $2,795,000 (Option a).
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Barry’s Steroids Company has $1,000 par value bonds outstanding at 14 percent interest. The bonds will mature in 40 years.
If the percent yield to maturity is 12 percent, what percent of the total bond value does the repayment of principal represent? Use Appendix B and Appendix D for an approximate answer but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places. Assume interest payments are annual.)
The repayment of principal represents approximately 62.87% of the total bond value.
To calculate the percent of the total bond value that the repayment of principal represents, we need to use the formula:
Principal Repayment Percentage = (Principal Payment / Total Bond Value) * 100
First, we need to calculate the total bond value. The total bond value is the present value of the bond's future cash flows, which include both the interest payments and the principal repayment.
Using Appendix B, we can find the present value factor for a 40-year bond at a yield to maturity of 12%. The present value factor for a 40-year bond at 12% yield to maturity is approximately 0.1020.
Total Bond Value = Principal Payment + Present Value of Interest Payments
Principal Payment = $1,000 (par value of the bond)
To calculate the present value of interest payments, we need to calculate the annual interest payment and then discount it using the present value factor.
Annual Interest Payment = Principal Payment * Interest Rate
= $1,000 * 14%
= $140
Using Appendix D, we can find the present value factor for a 40-year bond at 12% yield to maturity. The present value factor for a 40-year bond at 12% yield to maturity is approximately 9.8186.
Present Value of Interest Payments = Annual Interest Payment * Present Value Factor
= $140 * 9.8186
= $1,373.204
Total Bond Value = $1,000 + $1,373.204
= $2,373.204
Now we can calculate the percent of the total bond value that the repayment of principal represents:
Principal Repayment Percentage = ($1,000 / $2,373.204) * 100
= 0.4212 * 100
= 42.12%
Therefore, the repayment of principal represents approximately 42.12% of the total bond value.
The repayment of principal in Barry's Steroids Company's $1,000 par value bonds, which mature in 40 years with a 14% interest rate and a 12% yield to maturity, represents approximately 42.12% of the total bond value.
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The proportion of the total bond value that the repayment of the principal represents can be calculated by first finding the present value of the bond using the given formula accounting for the bond's face value, yield to maturity, number of periods to maturity, and annual coupon payment. Once the present value is known, the proportion can be calculated as: Principal Repayment Percentage = (Present value of face value / total present value) * 100%.
Explanation:The question refers to the concept of bond valuation in finance. Barry's Steroids Company has par value bonds of $1,000 that are outstanding. These bonds are at 14% interest and will mature in 40 years. We are asked to determine what percent of the total bond value does the principal repayment represent if the yield to maturity is 12%.
Bond valuation involves determining the present value of the bond's future interest payments, also known as coupon payments, plus the present value of the par value which the bondholder receives upon maturity. Here's how it can be calculated: The present value (PV) of the bond can be calculated using the formula: PV = C * [(1 - (1 + r) ^ -n) / r] + F / (1 + r) ^ n. The values are as C: annual coupon payment ($140 in this case, obtained from 14% of $1,000), r: yield to maturity in decimal (0.12), n: number of periods before maturity (40 years), and F: face value of bond ($1,000).
Once PV is calculated, the proportion that the principal repayment represents can be calculated as: Principal Repayment Percentage = (Present value of face value / total present value) * 100%. The total present value is the sum of the present value of the interest payments and the present value of the face (par) value.
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As remote work remains the reality for the foreseeable future employers and health and welfare consultants will need to offer greater benefits personalization than we've ever seen, as well as a willingness to be flexible in what we offer our members. Remote work means more isolation and the stress of balancing work and life in a confined space. Innovative employers will see this as an opportunity to address this potential cost-driver by proactively supporting employees. That may mean emphasizing your EAP, adding additional behavioural health programmes, or providing a childcare stipend. Evaluate the various benefits that organisations may offer their employees by considering the context within which they are working.
In the context of remote work becoming more prevalent, employers and health and welfare consultants will need to enhance benefits personalization and demonstrate flexibility in order to support employees effectively.
The isolation and challenges of balancing work and personal life in a confined space necessitate innovative approaches to address potential issues and proactively support employees.
This could involve emphasizing Employee Assistance Programs (EAP), introducing additional behavioral health programs, or providing childcare stipends.
By evaluating the various benefits within the specific work context, organizations can identify and implement solutions that cater to the unique needs and challenges of remote employees.
With remote work being the reality for many employees, organizations must adapt their benefits offerings to meet the evolving needs of their workforce.
Greater benefits personalization becomes crucial as employees face increased isolation and potential stressors associated with working from home.
Employers and health and welfare consultants should be willing to be flexible and responsive in providing tailored solutions that address these challenges.
One important aspect to consider is the emphasis on Employee Assistance Programs (EAP). EAPs can play a significant role in supporting employees' mental and emotional well-being by offering counseling services, mental health resources, and crisis intervention.
By promoting and expanding the utilization of EAPs, organizations can provide remote workers with the necessary support and resources to navigate the challenges they may face.
Additionally, organizations may consider introducing additional behavioral health programs. These programs can focus on promoting work-life balance, stress management, resilience-building, and maintaining positive mental health.
By offering resources such as webinars, online workshops, and self-help materials, employers can equip employees with the tools and strategies to thrive in a remote work environment.
Furthermore, recognizing the unique challenges faced by employees with caregiving responsibilities, organizations may choose to provide a childcare stipend or other forms of support.
This acknowledges the increased juggling of work and family commitments and helps employees manage their responsibilities more effectively.
By evaluating the specific context within which employees are working, organizations can identify the most relevant and impactful benefits to offer.
This may involve conducting surveys or gathering feedback from employees to understand their needs and preferences. Ultimately, a proactive and adaptable approach to benefits provision can contribute to employee well-being, productivity, and overall satisfaction in a remote work environment.
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How has AutoZone’s stock price performed over the previous five
years? (from 2013) .
What other financial measures can you cite that are consistent
with the stock price performance?
The following financial measures suggest that AutoZone is a well-performing company, which is reflected in its stock price performance.
Increase in revenues.Increase in net income. Increase in operating cash flow.AutoZone’s stock price performance over the previous five years:
AutoZone has seen an upward trend in its stock price performance over the past five years. It has seen an increase from approximately $491 per share in 2013 to approximately $1,153 per share in 2018.
There was a dip in 2016, where the stock price went down to around $736 per share, but it quickly rebounded in 2017 and continued to rise.
Other financial measures that are consistent with the stock price performance of AutoZone include:-
Increase in revenues: AutoZone has seen a steady increase in its revenues over the past five years, with a total revenue of $10.9 billion in 2013 to $11.2 billion in 2018.-
Increase in net income: AutoZone has also seen an increase in its net income over the past five years, with a net income of $1 billion in 2013 to $1.3 billion in 2018.-
Increase in operating cash flow: AutoZone has seen an increase in its operating cash flow over the past five years, with an operating cash flow of $1.4 billion in 2013 to $2 billion in 2018.
All of these financial measures suggest that AutoZone is a well-performing company, which is reflected in its stock price performance.
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McCabe Corporation is expected to pay the following dividends over the next four years: $18,$14,$10, and $5.50. Afterward, the company pledges to maintain a constant 4 percent growth rate in dividends forever. If the required return on the stock is 12 percent.
a. What is the current share price?
b. What is the share price at the end of Year 4 ?
(a) The current share price of McCabe Corporation is $90.61.
(b) The share price at the end of Year 4 is $68.02.
(a) To calculate the current share price of McCabe Corporation, we need to calculate the present value of the dividends for the next four years and the present value of the growing perpetuity.
So,
Year 1 dividend = $18 / (1 + 0.12)¹ = $16.07
Year 2 dividend = $14 / (1 + 0.12)² = $11.61
Year 3 dividend = $10 / (1 + 0.12)³ = $7.69
Year 4 dividend = $5.50 / (1 + 0.12)⁴ = $3.29
Present value of dividends = $16.07 + $11.61 + $7.69 + $3.29
= $38.66
The growing perpetuity formula is given by:
PV = D / (r - g)
Where,
D is the dividend,
r is the required return, and,
g is the growth rate.
Now,
Terminal value = $5.50 * (1 + 0.04) / (0.12 - 0.04)
= $88.00
And,
Present value of the growing perpetuity:
= $88.00 / (1 + 0.12)⁴
= $51.95
Also,
Current share price = Present value of dividends + Present value of the growing perpetuity
= $38.66 + $51.95
= $90.61
Therefore, the current share price of McCabe Corporation is $90.61.
(b) To calculate the share price at the end of Year 4, we need to find the present value of the growing perpetuity at that time.
So,
The formula for terminal value at the end of Year 4
= $5.50 * (1 + 0.04) / (0.12 - 0.04)
= $110.00
Now,
Share price at the end of Year 4 = Present value of the growing perpetuity at Year 4
= $110.00 / (1 + 0.12)⁴
= $68.02
Therefore, the share price at the end of Year 4 is $68.02.
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The property of value _____ implies that the contribution of any project to a firm's value is simply the NPV of the project.
The property of value you are referring to is called additivity. Additivity implies that the contribution of any project to a firm's value is simply the Net Present Value (NPV) of the project.
In other words, the value of a firm is the sum of the values of its individual projects, and these values can be calculated by discounting the cash flows of each project to their present value and subtracting the initial investment.
By applying additivity, the firm can assess the value of each project independently and make investment decisions based on their respective NPVs.
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Which statement is MOST CONSISTENT with pecking order theory?
The statement that is most consistent with the pecking order theory is "Firms prefer to finance investments using internal funds first, then debt, and as a last resort, equity."
The pecking order theory is a theory in corporate finance that suggests that firms have a hierarchy of preferred sources of financing. According to this theory, firms prioritize using internal funds, such as retained earnings, to finance their investments. This is because internal funds do not involve any costs or dilution of ownership.
If internal funds are insufficient to meet financing needs, firms then turn to debt financing. Debt is considered a less preferred option compared to internal funds as it involves costs in the form of interest payments and potential risks associated with debt obligations.
Equity financing is viewed as the least preferred option and is considered a last resort. Issuing new equity dilutes existing shareholders' ownership and may signal negative information about the firm's financial health.
Therefore, the statement that firms prefer to finance investments using internal funds first, then debt, and as a last resort, equity, aligns with the pecking order theory's notion of financing hierarchy.
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Beryi's lced Tea currently rents a bottling machine for $54,000 per year, including all maintenanco expenses. It is considering purchasing a machine instead, and is comparing two options:
a. Purchase the machine it is currently renting for $160,000. This machine will require $22,000 per year in ongoing maintenance expenses.
b. Purchase a new, more advanced machine for $260,000. This machine will require $20,000 per year in ongoing maintenance expenses and will lower botling costs by $11,000 per year. Also, $35,000 will be spent upfront training the new operators of the machine. Suppose the appropriate discount rate is 9% per year and the machine is purchased today. Maintenance and botting costs are paid at the end of each year, as is the rental of the machine. Assume also that tho machines will bo depreciated via the straight-line mothod over seven years and that they have a ten-year life with a negligible salvage value. The corporate tax rate is 20\%, Should Beryl's Iced Tea continue to rent, purchase its current machine, or purchase the advanced machine? To make this decision, calculate the NPV of the FCF associated with each alternative.
Note: the NPV will be negative, and represents the PV of the costs of the machine in each case.
The NPV of renting the machine is $___ (Round to the nearent doilar. Enter a negative NPV as a negative value.)
NPV of renting the machine is $89,256
Beryl's Iced Tea should continue to rent the machine since it has the lowest NPV of the three options.
Let us first calculate the NPV for the option of renting the machine:
Costs of renting the machine each year = $54,000
NPV of renting the machine = -54,000/1.09 - 54,000/1.09² - 54,000/1.09³ -... - 54,000/1.09¹⁰
= -$89,256 (rounded to the nearest dollar)
Now let's move on to calculating the NPV for the other two options.
Option A:
Purchase the machine it is currently renting for $160,000.
This machine will require $22,000 per year in ongoing maintenance expenses.
Depreciation expense per year = (160,000-0)/7
= $22,857
Maintenance expenses per year = $22,000
Net cash flow per year = -$22,857 - $22,000
= -$44,857
NPV of Option A = -160,000 + (-44,857/1.09) + (-44,857/1.09²) + (-44,857/1.09³) + ... + (-44,857/1.09¹⁰)
= -$179,102 (rounded to the nearest dollar)
Option B:
Purchase a new, more advanced machine for $260,000.
This machine will require $20,000 per year in ongoing maintenance expenses and will lower bottling costs by $11,000 per year.
Also, $35,000 will be spent upfront training the new operators of the machine.
Depreciation expense per year = (260,000-0)/7
= $37,143
Maintenance expenses per year = $20,000
Savings in bottling costs per year = $11,000
Net cash flow per year = -$37,143 - $20,000 + $11,000
= -$46,143
NPV of Option B = -260,000 - 35,000 + (-46,143/1.09) + (-46,143/1.09²) + (-46,143/1.09³) + ... + (-46,143/1.09¹⁰)
= -$294,042 (rounded to the nearest dollar)
Therefore, based on the calculations above, Beryl's Iced Tea should continue to rent the machine since it has the lowest NPV of the three options.
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long-term goals are derived directly from a firm's mission statement. true or false
The given statement "long-term goals are derived directly from a firm's mission statement" is False due to long-term goals are not derived directly from a firm's mission statement.
A mission statement outlines the overall purpose and core values of a company.
It is describing its reason for existence and the principles it operates by. It helps to guide decision-making and provide a sense of direction.
However, long-term goals are specific targets that a company aims to accomplish over an extended period and often spanning several years.
These goals are usually derived from a combination of internal and external factors including market analysis, stakeholder expectations and strategic priorities.
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Given the actions of the Federal Reserve in recent months, what
would you expect to happen to the value of the dollar in the coming
months? Illustrate the effects in the market for foreign exchange,
a
To assess the potential effects on the value of the dollar in the market for foreign exchange.
Factors such as interest rate differentials, economic growth prospects, trade imbalances, political stability, and investor confidence can all influence the value of a currency.
It is recommended to consult up-to-date financial news, economic analysis, and expert opinions from trusted sources to gain insights into the current and potential future trends in the foreign exchange market and the value of the dollar.
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Assume an economy is trying to allocate 20 units of a non renewable resource
across two time periods.
The following information is provided:
MWP = 8 - 0.40
MC = $2 per unit (i). Given the discount rate is 10%, what are the efficient level of prices and
quantities at each period?
(ii). Calculate the marginal user cost for both periods. (iii). Diagrammatically show the solution to this problem. [Hint: draw the marginal net
benefits curve for each period on the same diagram]
The discount rate is 10%, the muc for each period would be:
period 1: muc = -0.
(imarginal user cost:
the marginal user cost (muc) can be calculated as the difference between the marginal social benefit (msb) and the discount rate (r):
muc = msb - r
to determine the efficient level of prices and quantities at each period, we need to compare the marginal social benefit (msb) and marginal cost (mc) for each period.
(i) efficient level of prices and quantities:
the marginal social benefit (msb) can be calculated as the derivative of the marginal willingness to pay (mwp) function:
msb = d(mwp)/dq = d(8 - 0.40q)/dq = -0.40
to find the efficient quantity, we equate msb with the marginal cost (mc):
-0.40 = $2 per unit
q = -0.40/2
q = -0.20
since we cannot have a negative quantity, we set q = 0 for period 1.
for period 2, we have 20 units - 0 units allocated in period 1 = 20 units. 40 - 0.10 = -0.50
period 2: muc = -0.40 - 0.10 = -0.50
(diagrammatic representation:
to show the solution graphically, we can plot the marginal net benefits curve for each period on the same diagram. the marginal net benefits (mnb) can be calculated as the difference between the msb and mc.
since the msb for both periods is constant at -0.40, the mnb for each period will be:
period 1: mnb = -0.40 - 2 = -2.40
period 2: mnb = -0.40 - 2 = -2.40
on the graph, the mnb curve for both periods will be a horizontal line at -2.40.
the y-axis represents net benefits, and the x-axis represents the quantity of the non-renewable resource. the point where the mnb curve intersects the x-axis will represent the efficient quantity allocation for each period.
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the integration of at least two firms that make parts for a single product is called _________.
The integration of at least two firms that make parts for a single product is called vertical integration.
Vertical integration refers to the combination of two or more firms involved in different stages of the production or supply chain of a particular product. Specifically, in the context of firms that make parts for a single product, vertical integration involves the consolidation of these firms to form a unified entity that handles multiple stages of the production process. By integrating vertically, the merged entity gains control over various stages of the supply chain, allowing for increased coordination, efficiency, and potentially cost savings. For example, if one firm specializes in producing certain parts while another firm specializes in assembling the final product, vertical integration brings these activities under one organization. This can streamline operations, reduce dependency on external suppliers, and enhance overall control and coordination of the production process. Vertical integration can offer several advantages, such as improved quality control, reduced transaction costs, increased bargaining power, and the potential for economies of scale. It allows for better coordination between different parts suppliers, resulting in smoother production and potentially faster time to market.
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During winter break, students have an elasticity of demand for a trip to Florida of −3. How much should an airline charge students for a ticket if the price it charges the general public is $320 ? Assume the general public has an elasticity of −2. $260
$270
$240
$250
The industry elasticity of demand for gadgets is −1, while the elasticity of demand for an individual gadget manufacturer's product is −10. Based on the Rothschild approach to measuring market power, we conclude that there is significant monopoly power in this industry. the Herfindahl index for this industry is 1. there is no monopoly power in this industry. the Herfindahl index for this industry is 0.1.
The price an airline should charge students for a trip to Florida during winter break is $250.
Given that the elasticity of demand of students for a trip to Florida during winter break is −3. The elasticity of demand of the general public is -2. The price charged by the airline to the general public is $320.We have to find out the price an airline should charge students for a ticket. According to the formula for price elasticity of demand: Ed = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)We can calculate the percentage change in price as (P1 - P0) / P0 x 100where P1 is the new price and P0 is the old price. We know that the elasticity of demand is equal to −3. So substituting the values in the formula:−3 = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)(% change in quantity demanded) = −3 (% change in price)We also know that the price charged by the airline to the general public is $320 and the elasticity of demand of the general public is −2. Therefore, the percentage change in price for the general public is:−2 = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)(% change in quantity demanded) = −2 (% change in price)Substituting the values, we get:(% change in quantity demanded) = 6%Now, we can use the percentage change in quantity demanded for the general public to find out the new price for students:−3 = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)(−3) / (6) = (% change in price) / 100(% change in price) = −50%Now, we can calculate the new price charged to students as:(320) − (50% of 320) = $160So, the price an airline should charge students for a trip to Florida during winter break is $250. Therefore, the answer is $250.
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Ives Corp. has an inventory period of 25.7 days, an accounts payable period of 41.1 days, and an accounts receivable period of 39.6 days. What is the company's cash cycle?
Group of answer choices
1. 33.9 days
2. 48.1 days
3. 61.9 days
4. 24.2 days
By deducting the accounts payable period from the total of the inventory period and the accounts receivable period, the cash cycle can be computed.
Assumed: Inventory period equals 25.7 days
Period for Payables = 41.1 days
Period for collecting money due: 39.6 days
Inventory time plus accounts receivable period minus accounts payable period equals the cash cycle.
Cash cycle is equal to (25.7 + 39.6 days). - 41.1 days
Cash cycle is equal to 65.3 - 41.1 days.
24.2-day cash cycle
The company's cash cycle is 24.2 days as a result.
The right response is 4, or 24.2, days.
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Wildhorse Company is considering two different, mutually exclusive capital expenditure proposals. Project A will cost $435,000. has an expected useful life of 11 years and a salvage value of zero, and is expected to increase net annual cash flows by $74.600. Project B will cost $253,000, has an expected useful life of 11 years and a salvage value of zero, and is expected to increase net annual cash flows by $45,200. A discount rate of 10% is appropriate for both projects. Click here to view the factor table.
Compute the net present value and profitability index of each project. (if the net present value is negative, use either a negative sign preceding the number eg −45 or parentheses eg (45). Round present value answers to 0 decimal places, e. 125 and profitability index answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25. For calculation purposes, use 5 decimal ploces as displayed in the factor table provided.)
Net present value $___
Profitability index - Project A ___
Net present value-Project B $___
Profability index-Project B___
Which project should be accepted based on Net Present Value? should be accepted.
Which project should be accepted based on profitability index?
The net present value (NPV) and profitability index (PI) of two capital expenditure proposals, Project A and Project B, are calculated to determine their financial viability. Project A has a NPV of $222,804 and a PI of 1.51, while Project B has a NPV of $39,051 and a PI of 1.15. Based on NPV, both projects yield positive values, indicating they are financially feasible. However, Project A has a higher NPV, making it the preferable choice based on this criterion. In terms of profitability index, both projects have values greater than 1, implying positive returns. Again, Project A has a higher PI, suggesting it is the more favorable option.
To calculate the net present value (NPV), the net annual cash flows generated by each project are discounted using the appropriate discount rate. The NPV is found by subtracting the initial investment cost from the sum of the discounted cash flows. For Project A, the cash flows of $74,600 per year for 11 years are discounted at a rate of 10%, resulting in an NPV of $222,804. Project B, with cash flows of $45,200 per year for 11 years, has an NPV of $39,051. Since both NPVs are positive, it indicates that both projects have the potential to generate returns that exceed the initial investment.
The profitability index (PI) is another criterion used to evaluate projects. It is calculated by dividing the present value of cash inflows by the initial investment. For Project A, the present value of cash inflows is $697,804 (which is the sum of the discounted cash flows) divided by the initial investment of $435,000, resulting in a PI of 1.51. Project B has a present value of cash inflows equal to $292,051 divided by the initial investment of $253,000, yielding a PI of 1.15. Both projects have profitability indexes greater than 1, indicating positive returns relative to the initial investment.
Based on the net present value criterion, Project A should be accepted since it has a higher NPV of $222,804 compared to Project B's NPV of $39,051. The higher NPV signifies that Project A is expected to generate greater net cash flows over its useful life. When considering the profitability index, Project A also emerges as the preferable option with a higher PI of 1.51 compared to Project B's PI of 1.15. The profitability index indicates that for every dollar invested, Project A is expected to yield a higher return compared to Project B.
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