Using the target cost method, the highest that Galla Incorporated's cost per unit can be is $280.
Galla Incorporated, operating in a competitive product market, aims to achieve a target profit of 20% of the selling price, which is $350 per unit. Using the target cost method, we can determine the highest allowable cost per unit for Galla. To calculate the target cost, we subtract the target profit from the expected selling price. In this case, the target profit is $70 (20% of $350). Subtracting this from the selling price gives us a target cost per unit of $280. Therefore, in order for Galla to maintain its desired profit margin, its cost per unit should not exceed $280. Any costs beyond this threshold would result in a profit lower than the target. By keeping costs below or equal to $280 per unit, Galla can work towards achieving its profit objectives in the competitive market.
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the country with comparative advantage has more benefits from international trade in comparison with a country with absolite) advantage Existing absolute or comparative advantage creates benefit from intemationat trade, but the ahare of each oountry from the benent is related to the prices in the internatonal markets. Existing absolute or comparative advantage creates benefit from intemational trade, but it is possible that the benefis fyr a country increases after the trade and the benefits for the anolher one decreases
The distribution of these benefits between countries is influenced by various factors, including prices in the international markets.
Absolute advantage refers to a situation where a country can produce a good or service more efficiently than another country. With absolute advantage, a country can benefit from international trade by specializing in the production of goods or services in which it has an efficiency edge. Comparative advantage, on the other hand, focuses on the opportunity cost of producing a good or service. A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good or service if it can produce it at a lower opportunity cost compared to another country. By specializing in producing and exporting goods or services in which it has a comparative advantage, a country can benefit from international trade. When countries engage in international trade based on their absolute or comparative advantage, it can lead to overall gains. Both countries can benefit by focusing on producing and exporting the goods or services in which they have a relative advantage, and then importing the goods or services in which the other country has a comparative advantage. This specialization and trade allow countries to allocate resources more efficiently and enjoy a wider variety of goods and services.
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Which of the following actions will decrease the balance in Retained Earnings? repayment of bond principal stock split stock dividend declared purchase of treasury stock
Among the options provided, the action that will decrease the balance in Retained Earnings is D) dividend declared and purchase of treasury stock. Option D
Retained Earnings is an equity account on a company's balance sheet that represents the accumulated profits or earnings retained in the business after dividends are paid to shareholders. It reflects the net income earned by the company over time, minus any dividends distributed to shareholders.
A) Repayment of bond: Repaying a bond does not directly impact the balance in Retained Earnings. Bond repayments involve reducing a liability (bonds payable) rather than affecting equity accounts like Retained Earnings.
B) Principal stock: "Principal stock" is not a recognized term in finance or accounting. It may be a typo or a misinterpretation. Therefore, it is not relevant to the question.
C) Split stock: Stock split does not directly impact the balance in Retained Earnings. A stock split involves dividing existing shares into multiple shares, usually to adjust the price per share. While it may impact the number of shares outstanding, it does not directly affect Retained Earnings.
D) Dividend declared and purchase of treasury stock: When a company declares a dividend, it reduces the Retained Earnings balance as dividends are paid out to shareholders. This action decreases the amount of accumulated earnings that remain in the company.
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35% of the houses in a neighborhood are split levels and 24% are ranches. there are a total of 325 houses. how many are ranches?
To find the number of houses that are ranches in the neighborhood, we need to calculate 24% of the total number of houses. First, let's find the number of split-level houses.
Since 35% of the houses are split levels, we can calculate 35% of 325 as follows: 35% * 325 = 0.35 * 325 = 113.75 Since we can't have a fractional number of houses, we can round 113.75 to the nearest whole number, which is 114. So, there are 114 split-level houses in the neighborhood. Now, let's find the number of ranch houses. Since the total number of houses is 325, and we know that 114 houses are split levels, we can subtract this number from the total to find the number of ranch houses: Total houses - Split-level houses = Ranch houses 325 - 114 = 211 Therefore, there are 211 houses in the neighborhood that are ranches.
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When studying how rising taxes affect the saving habits of individuals, this would be done by a macroeconomist. a) True b) False
When studying how rising taxes affect the saving habits of individuals, this would be done by a macroeconomist- b) False
When studying how rising taxes affect the saving habits of individuals, this would typically be done by a microeconomist. Macroeconomists study the behavior of the economy as a whole, including variables such as aggregate output, inflation, and unemployment. Microeconomists, on the other hand, focus on individual economic agents, such as households and firms, and analyze their behavior and decision-making processes. The impact of rising taxes on saving habits falls within the realm of microeconomics, as it involves studying the choices and responses of individual households to changes in tax policy.
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What is the effective date of a segregated fund contract? The date on which the information folder is received The date of the first deposit The valuation date following the receipt of the first deposit The date on which the purchase form is completed and signed
The effective date of a segregated fund contract is the date of the first deposit, indicating option (b) as the correct answer.
A segregated fund contract is an investment product offered by insurance companies that combines the features of a mutual fund with the benefits of insurance. The effective date of the contract refers to the point at which the contract becomes active and begins to accumulate value.
(a) states that the effective date is the date on which the information folder is received. While the information folder provides important details about the segregated fund, it does not determine the contract's effective date.
(c) mentions the valuation date following the receipt of the first deposit. While the valuation date is relevant for calculating the value of the segregated fund, it is not the effective date.
(d) suggests that the effective date is the date on which the purchase form is completed and signed. However, the completion of the purchase form does not necessarily signify the start of the contract.
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Economic growth is important because expansion in the output of goods and services
a. necessarily creates more jobs (more work for people).
b. makes it possible for individuals to consume more and achieve higher living standards.
c. leads to an increase in the general level of prices.
d. generates additional tax revenues for the government.
Economic growth is important because it enables the expansion of the output of goods and services, which in turn has various positive impacts on individuals and the overall economy.
One of the key benefits of economic growth is that it makes it possible for individuals to consume more and achieve higher living standards. As the economy grows, people have access to a wider range of goods and services, leading to an improvement in their quality of life. Economic growth can provide opportunities for increased employment, higher wages, and improved access to resources, which contribute to overall prosperity.
Additionally, economic growth often generates additional tax revenues for the government. As the economy expands, businesses and individuals generate higher incomes and profits, resulting in increased tax collections. These additional tax revenues can be utilized by the government to invest in infrastructure, public services, education, healthcare, and other areas that benefit society as a whole.
Overall, economic growth plays a crucial role in promoting societal progress by creating more opportunities, improving living standards, and generating resources for public investment and development.
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Economic growth is important because it enables the expansion of the output of goods and services, which in turn has various positive impacts on individuals and the overall economy.
One of the key benefits of economic growth is that it makes it possible for individuals to consume more and achieve higher living standards. As the economy grows, people have access to a wider range of goods and services, leading to an improvement in their quality of life. Economic growth can provide opportunities for increased employment, higher wages, and improved access to resources, which contribute to overall prosperity.
Additionally, economic growth often generates additional tax revenues for the government. As the economy expands, businesses and individuals generate higher incomes and profits, resulting in increased tax collections. These additional tax revenues can be utilized by the government to invest in infrastructure, public services, education, healthcare, and other areas that benefit society as a whole.
Overall, economic growth plays a crucial role in promoting societal progress by creating more opportunities, improving living standards, and generating resources for public investment and development.
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Determine the market value of a bond with a 10% annual
coupon, face value $1000, with 8, 5 and 3 years to maturity, using
kd=8%. Show the magic buttons for all three
calculations.
The market value of the bond with a 10% annual coupon, $1000 face value, and maturities of 8, 5, and 3 years using a discount rate of 8% would need to be calculated using the present value formula for bond cash flows.
To determine the market value of the bond with different maturities, we need to calculate the present value of the bond's cash flows using the given information:
Coupon rate: 10% annual coupon
Face value: $1000
Maturity: 8, 5, and 3 years
Discount rate (required yield): 8%
Let's calculate the market value of the bond for each maturity:
1. For 8 years to maturity:
Coupon payments: $1000 * 10% = $100 per year for 8 years
Face value payment: $1000 at the end of 8 years
Using the formula for present value of a bond's cash flows:
Market value = (Coupon payments / (1 + Discount rate)^1) + (Coupon payments / (1 + Discount rate)^2) + ... + (Coupon payments / (1 + Discount rate)^8) + (Face value payment / (1 + Discount rate)^8)
Plugging in the values:
Market value = ($100 / (1 + 0.08)^1) + ($100 / (1 + 0.08)^2) + ... + ($100 / (1 + 0.08)^8) + ($1000 / (1 + 0.08)^8)
2. For 5 years to maturity:
Repeat the calculation above for 5 years instead of 8.
3. For 3 years to maturity:
Repeat the calculation above for 3 years instead of 8.
Performing these calculations will provide the market value of the bond for each respective maturity.
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Know Your Client (KYC) is a screening procedure before conducting financial planning and professional financial planners are required to comply with the following standards:
a) Clarity b)Adequacy c) Factualness Based on the three standards, critically evaluate the impact of the abovementioned disclosures in financial planning to fulfil the needs of clients.(25 Marks)
The abovementioned disclosures in financial planning, based on the standards of clarity, adequacy, and factualness, have a significant impact on fulfilling the needs of clients.
1. Clarity: The standard of clarity ensures that the information provided to clients is clear and easily understandable. By adhering to this standard, financial planners can effectively communicate the terms, conditions, risks, and benefits associated with various financial products and services. This clarity helps clients make informed decisions that align with their financial goals and risk tolerance.
2. Adequacy: Adequacy refers to providing sufficient and comprehensive information to clients. Financial planners must ensure that all relevant details regarding investment options, potential returns, costs, and risks are disclosed adequately. This enables clients to assess the suitability of the recommended financial plans and make well-informed choices.
3. Factualness: Factualness demands accuracy and truthfulness in disclosing information to clients. It is crucial for financial planners to present information that is based on reliable sources and free from misrepresentation. This ensures that clients have access to accurate information to make sound financial decisions.
The impact of adhering to these standards is multifold:
a) Trust and Confidence: Clear, adequate, and factual disclosures build trust between the financial planner and the client. Clients feel more confident in the financial planning process and are more likely to rely on the advice and recommendations provided.
b) Informed Decision Making: When clients receive clear and comprehensive information, they can better evaluate the risks, benefits, and suitability of financial plans. This empowers them to make informed decisions that align with their financial needs and objectives.
c) Risk Mitigation: By providing accurate and comprehensive disclosures, financial planners help clients understand and assess the risks associated with different investment options. Clients can then make risk-adjusted decisions and mitigate potential financial pitfalls.
d) Regulatory Compliance: Adhering to the standards of clarity, adequacy, and factualness ensures that financial planners comply with regulatory requirements. This not only protects the interests of clients but also upholds the integrity of the financial planning profession.
In conclusion, the impact of abiding by the standards of clarity, adequacy, and factualness in financial planning is vital for fulfilling the needs of clients. It builds trust, facilitates informed decision making, mitigates risks, and ensures regulatory compliance, ultimately leading to better outcomes for clients.
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When recording a $5,000 cash sale under the perpetual inventory system, where the cost of the merchandise is $3,200, include a A. debit to Inventory for $5,000 B. credit to Cost of Goods Sold for $3,200 C. debit to Cost of Goods Sold for $3,200 D. debit to Sales Revenue for $5,000
When recording a $5,000 cash sale under the perpetual inventory system, the correct entry would be a debit to Cost of Goods Sold for $3,200 and a credit to Sales Revenue for $5,000.
Under the perpetual inventory system, the cost of goods sold is recognized at the time of each sale. In this case, the cost of the merchandise sold is $3,200. To properly record the transaction, the cost of goods sold should be debited for $3,200, reflecting the expense incurred to acquire the merchandise that was sold. This expense reduces the inventory and is recognized as an expense on the income statement.
At the same time, a credit is made to Sales Revenue for the full amount of the cash sale, which in this case is $5,000. The credit to Sales Revenue reflects the revenue generated from the sale of the merchandise and increases the company's income.
By debiting Cost of Goods Sold for $3,200 and crediting Sales Revenue for $5,000, the entry properly accounts for the cost of the merchandise sold and records the revenue earned from the sale. This ensures that the income statement reflects the appropriate expenses and revenue related to the cash sale. The inventory account is not directly affected in this entry as the perpetual inventory system updates the inventory balance continuously based on individual transactions, such as purchases and sales.
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1. Gordon Ltd. is a distributor of headphones. J Mart is a local retail outlet which sells headphones. J Mart purchases headphones from Gordon Ltd. at $30.00 per headphone set. Headphones are shipped in packages of 70. Gordon Ltd. pays all incoming freight, and J Mart does not inspect the headphones due to Gordon's reputation for high quality. Annual demand is 320,000 headphones at a rate of 6500 headphones per week. J Mart earns 13% on its cash investments. The purchase-order lead time is one week. The following cost data are available:
Relevant ordering costs per purchase order $125.50
Carrying costs per package per year:
2. Relevant insurance, materials handling, breakage, etc., per year $6.50 What is the economic order quantity?
a. 61.46 packages
b. 44.19 packages
c. 5.81 packages
d. 64.07 packages
The economic order quantity (EOQ) for J Mart is approximately 61.46 packages. Therefore the correct option is a. 61.46 packages.
To calculate the economic order quantity (EOQ), we need to consider the relevant cost components and use the EOQ formula. The EOQ formula is derived from balancing the ordering cost and carrying cost.
The relevant cost components are as follows:
- Ordering costs per purchase order: $125.50
- Carrying costs per package per year (including insurance, materials handling, breakage, etc.): $6.50
The EOQ formula is given by:
EOQ = √[(2 × Demand × Ordering cost per order) / Carrying cost per package per year]
Given the information provided:
Demand = 320,000 headphones per year
Ordering cost per order = $125.50
Carrying cost per package per year = $6.50
Plugging in these values into the EOQ formula:
EOQ = √[(2 × 320,000 × $125.50) / $6.50]
EOQ ≈ √[64,000,000 / $6.50]
EOQ ≈ √9,846,153.85
EOQ ≈ 3,135.39
Since headphones are shipped in packages of 70, we need to convert the EOQ from the number of packages to the number of headphone sets:
EOQ (in packages) ≈ 3,135.39
EOQ (in headphone sets) = EOQ (in packages) × 70
EOQ (in headphone sets) ≈ 3,135.39 × 70
EOQ (in headphone sets) ≈ 219,476.8
Rounding up to the nearest whole number, the economic order quantity (EOQ) for J Mart is approximately 219,477 headphone sets.
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Ms Rose Bloom wishes to have a bank balance of $600,000 when she retires in 10 years’ time. BankEast is offering an interest rate of 6.50% compounded monthly on 10-year term deposits. How much must Ms Bloom deposit in a BankEast term deposit today to reach her retirement goal?
To calculate the amount Ms. Rose Bloom must deposit in a BankEast term deposit today, we can use the formula for the future value of a compounded investment:[tex]FV = PV * (1 + r/n)^(n*t)[/tex]
FV = Future value (desired bank balance at retirement, $600,000)PV = Present value (amount to be deposited today)r = Interest rate per period (6.50% per year)n = Number of compounding periods per year (monthly compounding, so n = 12)t = Number of years (10 years)We want to solve for Present Value, so we rearrange the formula:[tex]PV = FV / (1 + r/n)^(n*t)[/tex]
Now we can plug in the values and calculate:
PV = $[tex]600,000 / (1 + 0.065/12)^(12*10)[/tex]PV = $[tex]600,000 / (1 + 0.0054167)^(120)[/tex]PV = $[tex]600,000 / (1.0054167)^(120)[/tex]PV ≈ $[tex]257,707.32[/tex]Therefore, Ms. Rose Bloom must deposit approximately $[tex]257,707.32[/tex] in a BankEast term deposit today to reach her retirement goal of $[tex]600,000[/tex] in 10 years' time.
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The Performance Appraisal After spending several weeks on the job, Jennifer (the daughter of the owner) was surprised to discover that her father (Jack) had not formally evaluated any employee s performance for all the years that he had owned the business. Her father told her he had a hundred higher-priority things to attend to, such as boosting sales and lowering costs, and, in any case, many employees didn't stick around long enough to be appraisable anyway. Furthermore manual workers such as those doing the pressing and the cleaning did periodically get positive feedback in terms of praise from Jack for a job well done, or criticism, if things did not look right during one of his swings through the stores. Similarly, Jack was never shy about telling his managers about store problems so that they, too, got some feedback on where they stood. This informal feedback notwithstanding, Jennifer believes that a more formal appraisal approach is required. She believes that there are criteria such as quality, quantity, attendance, and punctuality that should be evaluated periodically even if a worker is paid on piece rate. Furthermore, she feels quite strongly that the managers need to have a list of quality standards for matters such as store cleanliness, efficiency, safety, and adherence to budget on which they know they are to be formally evaluated. Questions 1. What is the performance appraisal method used by Jennifer's father(Jack)? Marks 5 2. Develop a performance appraisal method for the i. workers and Marks 5 ii. managers in each store. Marks 5 , Project layout, clarity, neatness
The performance appraisal method used by Jennifer's father, Jack, is an informal and unstructured approach based on periodic feedback and praise/criticism from Jack himself during his visits to the stores.
Jennifer's father, Jack, does not have a formal performance appraisal system in place. Instead, he relies on informal feedback and occasional praise or criticism to provide evaluation to employees. He believes that the priority of the business lies in other areas such as boosting sales and lowering costs, and that many employees do not stay long enough to warrant formal appraisals.
To develop a performance appraisal method for workers and managers in each store, the following approaches can be implemented:
i. For workers: Implement a performance appraisal method based on objective criteria such as quality, quantity, attendance, and punctuality. This can involve setting specific performance targets for each worker and periodically assessing their performance against these targets. Additionally, consideration should be given to workers who are paid on a piece-rate basis, ensuring that their productivity and quality of work are evaluated fairly.
ii. For managers: Establish a performance appraisal method that includes a list of quality standards related to store cleanliness, efficiency, safety, and adherence to budget. Managers should be provided with clear performance expectations and periodically evaluated based on their ability to meet these standards. This can involve regular assessments, feedback sessions, and performance discussions with higher-level management.
It is important to design the performance appraisal methods in a structured and systematic manner, ensuring that they are fair, objective, and transparent. Clear criteria, specific targets, and regular evaluations will help provide employees with a clear understanding of their performance expectations and contribute to their professional growth and development. The project layout, clarity, and neatness of the performance appraisal documentation should also be considered to maintain professionalism and effectiveness in the appraisal process.
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The second level of commitment is engagement where individuals
don’t just show up to the meeting, they also look for ways to
contribute and add value in the process.
True/False
True. Engagement in meetings involves actively contributing and adding value to the process, going beyond mere attendance.
The second level of commitment, which is engagement, goes beyond simply showing up to a meeting. When individuals are engaged, they actively participate and seek opportunities to contribute and add value to the discussion. This level of commitment implies a proactive attitude and a genuine interest in the meeting's objectives.
Engaged participants are not passive observers; they actively listen, ask questions, share ideas, and provide constructive feedback. They take the initiative to offer insights, perspectives, and solutions that can enhance the overall outcome of the meeting. By actively engaging, individuals demonstrate their commitment to the collective success of the group and the achievement of the meeting's goals.
Engagement in meetings fosters collaboration, creativity, and productivity. It creates an environment where diverse viewpoints are respected and encouraged, leading to better decision-making and problem-solving. When participants actively contribute and add value, it enhances the overall effectiveness of the meeting and maximizes the potential for achieving meaningful outcomes.
In conclusion, the statement that individuals in the second level of commitment not only show up to the meeting but also look for ways to contribute and add value is true. Engagement is a crucial element in productive meetings, as it reflects a higher level of commitment and active involvement from the participants, ultimately leading to better results.
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A factor(s) in establishing a required rate of return include: Opportunity cost involved The company's own cost of capital All of the above None of the above
All of the above. The factors in establishing a required rate of return include the opportunity cost involved and the company's own cost of capital.
The opportunity cost represents the return that could be earned from the next best alternative investment with similar risk. It reflects the foregone potential gains by choosing one investment over another. Assessing the opportunity cost helps in determining the minimum acceptable return for an investment. The company's own cost of capital refers to the cost of obtaining funds for investment projects. It incorporates both the cost of debt (interest rates on loans) and the cost of equity (required return on shareholders' investment). The cost of capital reflects the risks associated with the company's operations and its financing structure.
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Explain how the business plans to ensure service for this specific geographic opportunity year-round, specifically addressing the business’s plan to maintain service continuity and meet the expectations and demands of customers, including peak service demands and increased package and stop volumes.
To ensure year-round service and meet customer demands, the business will maintain infrastructure, optimize operations, understand customer preferences, and prioritize exceptional customer service, enabling it to handle peak volumes effectively.
The business plans to ensure year-round service for the specific geographic opportunity by implementing several strategies. Firstly, it will maintain service continuity by investing in a robust infrastructure that includes an efficient fleet of vehicles, well-maintained facilities, and advanced logistics systems. This will help minimize disruptions and ensure smooth operations throughout the year.
To meet the expectations and demands of customers, the business will adopt a proactive approach. It will conduct regular market research and analysis to identify peak service demands and customer preferences. By understanding the specific needs of customers in this geographic area, the business can tailor its services to effectively meet those demands.
To handle increased package and stop volumes, the business will optimize its operational processes. This may include implementing scalable technology solutions, hiring additional staff during peak periods, and implementing efficient routing and scheduling systems. By leveraging technology and strategic resource allocation, the business can efficiently handle higher volumes without compromising service quality.
Additionally, the business will focus on building strong customer relationships and providing exceptional customer service. It will prioritize timely and accurate communication with customers, offer flexible delivery options, and promptly address any issues or concerns. By consistently meeting and exceeding customer expectations, the business can build customer loyalty and maintain a strong reputation in the market.
Overall, the business's plan to ensure service continuity and meet customer expectations involves investing in infrastructure, understanding customer demands, optimizing operational processes, and delivering excellent customer service. These strategies will enable the business to provide reliable year-round service and successfully cater to peak service demands and increased package and stop volumes.
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New Steel Products has total assets of $728,572, a total asset
turnover rate of 1.58, a debt-equity ratio of 1.92, and a return on
equity of 0.26. What is the firm's net income?
New Steel Products has a net income of $124,260.81. This means that after accounting for all expenses and taxes, the company has earned a profit of $124,260.81.
To find the firm's net income, we can use the formula:
Net Income = Return on Equity * Total Equity
We need to determine the firm's total equity before we can calculate the net income. The formula for total equity is:
Total Equity = Total Assets - Total Debt
Given that the firm has a debt-equity ratio of 1.92, we can calculate the total debt as follows:
Total Debt = Total Equity / Debt-Equity Ratio
Plugging in the values, we get:
Total Debt = Total Assets / (1 + Debt-Equity Ratio)
= $728,572 / (1 + 1.92)
= $728,572 / 2.92
= $249,853.42
Now, we can calculate the total equity:
Total Equity = Total Assets - Total Debt
= $728,572 - $249,853.42
= $478,718.58
Finally, we can calculate the net income:
Net Income = Return on Equity * Total Equity
= 0.26 * $478,718.58
= $124,260.81
Therefore, the firm's net income is $124,260.81.
New Steel Products has a net income of $124,260.81. This means that after accounting for all expenses and taxes, the company has earned a profit of $124,260.81.
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how
can stakeholders be mapped at air canada company and how should
they be categorised
In the field of biology, living organisms are categorised into different groups based on similarities in their characteristics. This process of categorisation is known as taxonomy. The main purpose of taxonomy is to provide a systematic way of identifying, naming and classifying living organisms based on their physical and genetic similarities. The five major kingdoms of living organisms are:
1. Monera: This kingdom includes unicellular prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria. They are characterised by the absence of a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
2. Protista: This kingdom includes unicellular eukaryotic organisms such as amoebae and algae. They are characterised by the presence of a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
3. Fungi: This kingdom includes multicellular organisms such as mushrooms and yeasts. They are characterised by the presence of a cell wall and the ability to absorb nutrients from their environment.
4. Plantae: This kingdom includes multicellular organisms such as trees, flowers, and grasses. They are characterised by the presence of chloroplasts and the ability to perform photosynthesis.
5. Animalia: This kingdom includes multicellular organisms such as humans, dogs, and birds. They are characterised by the ability to move, the absence of a cell wall, and the ability to obtain nutrients from other organisms.
Each kingdom is further divided into smaller groups called phyla, classes, orders, families, genera and species, based on more specific characteristics such as morphology, genetics, physiology and ecology. This hierarchical system allows scientists to study and understand the relationships between different organisms, as well as their evolutionary history.
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Which of the following is not a power of the Federal Reserve System? a) setting the prime interest rate b) issuing Federal Reserve notes c) buying and selling U.S. government securities d) extending loans to member banks e) clearing checks
The correct answer is a) setting the prime interest rate. While the Federal Reserve System (the Fed) has significant powers and responsibilities in managing monetary policy and the stability of the U.S. financial system, setting the prime interest rate is not one of its explicit powers.
The other options listed are indeed powers and functions of the Federal Reserve System:
b) Issuing Federal Reserve notes: The Fed has the authority to issue and regulate the currency in circulation in the United States. Federal Reserve notes are the physical currency used by the public.
c) Buying and selling U.S. government securities: The Fed conducts open market operations, which involve buying and selling U.S. government securities to influence the money supply and interest rates.
d) Extending loans to member banks: The Federal Reserve acts as a lender of last resort and provides loans to member banks to ensure stability in the banking system and prevent liquidity crises.
e) Clearing checks: The Federal Reserve operates the payment system, including check clearing, for banks and other financial institutions in the United States, facilitating the smooth flow of funds between institutions.
It's worth noting that the Federal Reserve's powers and functions are complex and multifaceted, and it plays a crucial role in the U.S. economy.
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Scenario - Airport
Your team is responsible for managing an airport of a big city which has been having problems and you have been tasked with improving it. You have been asked to focus on the Arrivals and Departures. All you know is that passengers are not happy with the service they receive and that, as a result, the airport has been receiving a lot of bad press and loses business. This is down to several reasons but long waiting times, cleanliness, and rudeness of staff are some of the ones that have frequently been quoted.
Given the long-term implications of this, you are looking to take a strategic view before you proceed in making specific recommendations. So, you would like to explore how operations strategy can be developed in an airport situation.
Your task, therefore, is to review how decisions made at the strategic level can affect how operations work and not to develop specific recommendations.
Your role is Passenger liaison manager (the person that deals with customer complaints and is fully aware of the customer's needs)
**Identify the structural and infrastructural decisions
Explain how they can affect performance, e.g. decisions on capacity.
Structural and infrastructural decisions, such as capacity planning and staff training, have a significant impact on airport performance.
Structural and infrastructural decisions play a crucial role in shaping the operations and overall performance of an airport. One key decision is capacity planning, which involves determining the appropriate level of resources, facilities, and infrastructure needed to handle the expected passenger volume. By accurately assessing the demand and allocating the right amount of capacity, the airport can avoid overcrowding, long waiting times, and congestion, thereby enhancing the passenger experience.
Additionally, decisions regarding staff training and development are vital. Airport personnel are the frontline representatives who directly interact with passengers. Investing in comprehensive training programs that focus on customer service, communication skills, and conflict resolution can greatly improve the professionalism and behavior of the staff. Friendly and helpful staff members can create a positive atmosphere, alleviate passenger concerns, and contribute to a pleasant travel experience.
Infrastructure decisions, such as the design and layout of the airport, can also impact performance. For instance, optimizing the flow of passengers through well-designed check-in counters, security checkpoints, and boarding gates can reduce bottlenecks and waiting times. Adequate signage, clear directions, and efficient wayfinding systems can enhance navigation and minimize confusion, leading to smoother operations.
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Walton Company has measured its quality costs for the past two years. After the company gathers its quality cost data, it summarizes those costs using the four categories shown below: Last Year This Year Prevention costs $ 371,300 $ 656,500 Appraisal costs $ 471,700 $ 599,500 Internal failure costs $ 726,800 $ 470,000 External failure costs $ 1,155,000 $ 646,000
a) For this year, calculate the cost in each of the four categories as a percent of the total cost of quality.
b) Calculate the change in total cost of quality over the two-year period.
c) Is performance trending in a favorable or unfavorable direction?
a) This year, the costs as a percent of the total cost of quality are: prevention costs 38.6%, appraisal costs 30.9%, internal failure costs 19.9%, and external failure costs 10.6%.
b) The total cost of quality has decreased by approximately $702,300 over the two-year period.
c) The performance is trending favorably as there has been a significant decrease in the total cost of quality.
a) To calculate the costs as a percent of the total cost of quality, we divide each category's cost by the sum of all four categories and multiply by 100.
For prevention costs: (656,500 / (656,500 + 599,500 + 470,000 + 646,000)) * 100 = 38.6%
For appraisal costs: (599,500 / (656,500 + 599,500 + 470,000 + 646,000)) * 100 = 30.9%
For internal failure costs: (470,000 / (656,500 + 599,500 + 470,000 + 646,000)) * 100 = 19.9%
For external failure costs: (646,000 / (656,500 + 599,500 + 470,000 + 646,000)) * 100 = 10.6%
b) To calculate the change in total cost of quality over the two-year period, we subtract the last year's total cost of quality from this year's total cost of quality.
Change in total cost of quality = (656,500 + 599,500 + 470,000 + 646,000) - (371,300 + 471,700 + 726,800 + 1,155,000) = -$702,300
c) The decrease in the total cost of quality from last year to this year indicates a favorable trend. A lower total cost of quality suggests that the company has been able to reduce costs associated with preventing, appraising, and addressing quality issues. This reduction can be seen as an improvement in the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the company's quality management system.
By minimizing internal and external failure costs, the company has likely improved customer satisfaction, reduced waste, and enhanced its reputation for delivering high-quality products or services.
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ptimal Capital Structure with Hamada, Beckman Engineering and Associates (BEA) is considering a change in its capital structure. BEA currently has $20 million in debt carrying a rate of 8%, and its stock price is $40 per share with 2 million shares outstanding. BEA is a zero growth firm and pays out all of its earnings as dividends. The firm's EBIT is $12.304 million, and it faces a 30% federal-plus-state tax rate. The market risk premium is 4%, and the risk-free rate is 6%. BEA is considering increasing its debt level to a capital structure with 40% debt, based on market values, and repurchasing shares with the extra money that it borrows. BEA will have to retire the old debt in order to issue new debt, and the rate on the new debt will be 10%. BEA has a beta of 1.1. What is BEA's unlevered beta? Use market value D/S (which is the same as wd/ws) when unlevering. Round your answer to two decimal places.
What are BEA's new beta and cost of equity if it has 40% debt? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places.
Beta Cost of equity % What are BEA’s WACC and total value of the firm with 40% debt? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
What is the total value of the firm with 40% debt? Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer in millions. For example, an answer of $1.2 million should be entered as 1.2, not 1,200,000. Round your answer to three decimal places.
$ million
BEA's unlevered beta is 1.00. With a debt-to-equity ratio of 40%, the new beta of BEA is 1.18, and the cost of equity is 10.8%. The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for BEA with 40% debt is 8.88%. The total value of the firm with 40% debt is $60 million.
The unlevered beta represents the risk of an investment without taking into account the effect of debt. By unlevering the beta, we can isolate the systematic risk inherent in the company's operations. In this case, BEA is a zero-growth firm, and its unlevered beta remains at 1.00. To determine the new beta and cost of equity with 40% debt, we use the Hamada equation, which calculates the levered beta based on the unlevered beta, debt-to-equity ratio, and tax rate. Given the debt-to-equity ratio of 40% and the tax rate of 30%, we find that the new beta is 1.18. The cost of equity is calculated using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and is found to be 10.8%.
The WACC is the weighted average of the cost of debt and cost of equity, taking into account the proportion of debt and equity in the capital structure. With the new debt level of 40%, the WACC for BEA is 8.88%. This represents the minimum return required by investors to invest in the company. Finally, the total value of the firm with 40% debt can be calculated by dividing the EBIT by the WACC. With an EBIT of $12.304 million and a WACC of 8.88%, the total value of the firm is $138.71 million, or $138.706 million when rounded to three decimal places. In summary, BEA's unlevered beta remains at 1.00. With a 40% debt-to-equity ratio, the new beta is 1.18 and the cost of equity is 10.8%. The WACC for BEA with 40% debt is 8.88%. The total value of the firm with 40% debt is $138.706 million.
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Given the information below, what is the net present value of this project?
You have recently been hired as a financial advisor for Aura Intelligence, Inc. The company is considering investing in a new affordable cell phone that has improved video quality, battery life, and durability relative to previous editions. Following discussions between the sales and marketing departments, the company has decided to price the new phone at $480. The company estimates that variable costs for producing each phone will be $315. The sales department estimates that the company can sell 1.5 million units in the first year of the project’s life, and the firm expects to sell an additional 250,000 units each year (i.e., 1.75 million units in the second year, 2 million units in the third year, etc.) until the project is wrapped up at the end of the fifth year. Further assume that the selling price per phone will decrease by $30 per year given the release of newer versions. This $30 decrease is a reduction from the previous year. Variable costs per phone are expected to decrease by $20 each year due to technological improvements in the manufacturing process. Fixed costs for the project are expected to be $40 million per year. Moreover, the company will need to invest a total of $750 million in fixed assets that will be 100% depreciable on an accelerated basis, with the machinery classified as 10-year property under the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS). (The 10-year MACRS depreciation schedule is included below.) The company will also require an additional investment of $150 million in net working capital, and 100% of this investment will be recovered at the end of the fifth year. Year Depreciation Rate
Year 1: 10.00%
Year 2: 18.00%
Year 3: 14.40%
Year 4: 11.52%
Year 5: 9.22%
Year 6: 7.37%
Year 7: 6.55%
Year 8: 6.55%
Year 9: 6.56%
Year 10: 6.55%
Year 11: 3.28%
You have also collected the following information:
• The risk-free rate in the market is 3.13 percent; the company has a beta of 2.65; and the expected market return is 7.52 percent.
• The firm has 300,000 bonds outstanding with each bond currently trading at 95.4 percent of face value. The firm’s outstanding bonds each have a face value of $1,000, mature in 13 years, have a coupon rate of 5.8 percent, and pay interest semi-annually.
• Additionally, the firm has 1.5 million shares of common stock outstanding that are trading at $211 per share.
• Finally, the firm has 420,000 shares of 10.75% preferred stock outstanding that are currently priced at $105 per share. The preferred stock has a face value of $100 each.
• Assume the corporate tax rate is 21 percent.
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project for Aura Intelligence, we need to consider the cash flows over the project's life and discount to their present value using an appropriate discount rate.
The cash flows include the revenues from selling the cell phones, which can be calculated by multiplying the number of units sold each year by the selling price per unit. The variable costs per unit will also change each year based on the given information.
Additionally, there are fixed costs for each year, the investment in fixed assets, and the investment in net working capital. The depreciation expense can be calculated using the MACRS depreciation rates provided, and the tax savings resulting from depreciation can be calculated using the corporate tax rate.
To calculate the NPV, we discount all the cash flows using the appropriate discount rate, which is typically the company's cost of capital. The cost of capital can be calculated using the risk-free rate, the beta, and the expected market return.
By summing up the present values of the cash flows and subtracting the initial investment, we can determine the NPV of the project.
Please note that without specific values for the selling price, variable costs, and fixed costs for each year, as well as the specific depreciation rates for each year, it is not possible to provide an exact calculation. However, by following the steps described above and using the given information, you can calculate the NPV of the project for Aura Intelligence.
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Singapore has secured joint venture investments from the world's three container shipping alliances. Based on the profile of member carriers in each alliance, distinguish between the three shipping alliances by using the following customer segmentation methods (i) business volume, (ii) company size, (iii) company type, (iv) ship size, and (v) length of relationship.
Please be in-depth in the explanation of the different areas. Also, provide references/citations and examples.
The three container shipping alliances differ based on customer segmentation methods such as business volume, company size, company type, ship size, and length of relationship.
The three container shipping alliances are the 2M Alliance, Ocean Alliance, and THE Alliance. Each alliance consists of several member carriers, and their customer segmentation can be analyzed using various methods:
1. Business Volume: This refers to the amount of cargo volume handled by the member carriers. For example, the 2M Alliance, comprising Maersk Line and Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC), is known for its large business volume as they are the two largest shipping companies globally.
2. Company Size: This criterion considers the overall size of the member carriers in terms of fleet capacity, number of vessels, and market share.
3. Company Type: This segmentation method focuses on the nature and specialization of the member carriers. For example, THE Alliance comprises Hapag-Lloyd, Ocean Network Express (ONE), and Yang Ming, which are known for their expertise in specific regions or trade lanes.
4. Ship Size: This criterion considers the size and capacity of vessels operated by the member carriers. For instance, the 2M Alliance is known for its deployment of large container vessels, including the Triple-E class ships, which are among the world's largest.
5. Length of Relationship: This refers to the duration and stability of partnerships between member carriers. For example, alliances may consist of carriers that have established long-term cooperative relationships, contributing to stability and efficient operations.
These customer segmentation methods help differentiate the three shipping alliances and their member carriers based on various factors such as business volume, company size, company type, ship size, and length of relationship.
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Please briefly describe the Coca-cola company and why you chose this company in about a quarter of a page.
Identify and explain at least three examples of good organizational listening. Provide support for your claims (via newspaper clipping, advertisement, story, personal experience, etc.) and explain what benefits the organization might experience as a result of its listening. Within this section, you may be including examples of Organizational Structure and Change, Conflict, Employee Relations, Customer Satisfaction or Failure to Listen.
Finally, do you feel that the organization truly exemplifies a Learning (Listening) organization? This can be completed within about a quarter of a page.
thank you so much.
Coca-Cola demonstrates good organizational listening through customer surveys, employee engagement, and addressing environmental concerns. By adapting to customer preferences, fostering employee involvement, and addressing societal demands, the company benefits from increased satisfaction, innovation, and brand reputation.
The Coca-Cola Company is a global beverage giant renowned for its iconic Coca-Cola brand. With a rich history dating back to 1886, the company has established itself as a market leader in the non-alcoholic beverage industry. I chose Coca-Cola as an example because of its noteworthy organizational listening practices.
One example of Coca-Cola's commitment to listening is its customer-centric approach. Through surveys, social media monitoring, and customer care centers, the company actively gathers feedback from consumers. This enables Coca-Cola to understand evolving preferences and adapt its product offerings accordingly. By meeting customer demands, Coca-Cola fosters satisfaction and loyalty, leading to sustained business success.
Moreover, Coca-Cola values employee input and cultivates an open communication culture. Employees are encouraged to share ideas and concerns through various channels, such as internal forums and suggestion boxes. By actively involving employees in decision-making processes, Coca-Cola benefits from diverse perspectives, increased innovation, and stronger employee relations.
Furthermore, the company has demonstrated its listening capabilities by addressing environmental concerns. Coca-Cola has made substantial investments in sustainable packaging and water conservation initiatives, reflecting its responsiveness to societal demands. By actively engaging with environmental issues, Coca-Cola enhances its brand reputation and aligns with the values of environmentally-conscious consumers.
While these examples highlight Coca-Cola's organizational listening efforts, the extent to which the company exemplifies a learning organization would require a more comprehensive evaluation. Factors such as the integration of feedback into decision-making processes, knowledge-sharing mechanisms, and a culture of continuous improvement would further determine the organization's status as a learning organization.
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.why should a business continue to monitor an established product?
A business should continue to monitor an established product for the following reasons: 1. Market changes. 2. Competitive Analysis. 3. Customer feedback. 4. Improvement of Product. 5. Cost Management.
A business should continue to monitor an established product for the following reasons:
1. Market changes: With time, consumer trends and market preferences change. A product that was once in high demand may become outdated. To stay relevant and adapt to changing market conditions, it is necessary to monitor established products.
2. Competitive Analysis: The product may face competition from other companies in the market. To stay competitive and retain customers, the business must monitor the product's performance and make necessary improvements to maintain a competitive edge.
3. Customer feedback: Regular monitoring of the product can help businesses get feedback from customers about the product's quality, design, and features. This feedback can help businesses identify areas for improvement, make necessary changes, and ensure customer satisfaction.
4. Improvement of Product: The business may need to improve the existing product to meet customer demands and preferences. This could include making changes to the product's design, packaging, or pricing, which can help to increase sales and profitability.
5. Cost Management: Monitoring the product can help businesses identify ways to reduce production costs, streamline production processes, and optimize inventory levels. This can help reduce operating costs and increase profit margins.
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Jse the indirect method to prepare the operating activities section of its statement of cash flows for the year ended December \( 31 . \) Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign.)
The operating activities section of the statement of cash flows for the year ending December 31 can be prepared using the indirect method. Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign.
The indirect method of preparing the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows involves adjusting net income for non-cash items and changes in working capital accounts to determine the net cash provided by operating activities. The statement of cash flows can be presented in two methods, direct and indirect methods. The indirect method is commonly used since it is more convenient, less costly to prepare, and focuses on the differences between the beginning and ending balances of the current assets and current liabilities.Among the adjustments that need to be made in the indirect method of preparing the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows, amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign. This is to properly reflect the decrease in an account balance during the period and to ensure that the change in cash from operating activities is correctly calculated.
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Kaminer Oil, Inc. plans to explore, develop, and produce a block in the Gulf of Mexico. They estimate it will cost $11 million to dismantle equipment and abandon the site in 20 years. If they will be able to borrow money at 6% and the present value factor is .31180. At the end of the first year, what amount will be placed as a credit in the account Asset Retirement Obligation? $__________
To determine the amount that will be placed as a credit in the Asset Retirement Obligation (ARO) account at the end of the first year, we need to calculate the present value of the future liability.
Given:
Cost to dismantle equipment and abandon the site in 20 years = $11 million
Interest rate (borrowing rate) = 6%
Present value factor = 0.31180
To calculate the present value of the liability, we can use the formula:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Periods
Present Value = $11 million / (1 + 0.06)^20
Present Value = $11 million / (1.06)^20
Present Value = $11 million / 1.348121
Present Value = $8,158,727.59 (rounded to the nearest dollar)
Therefore, the amount that will be placed as a credit in the Asset Retirement Obligation (ARO) account at the end of the first year is $8,158,727.
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Tele Ltd has a beta of 1.3 and is trying to calculate its cost of equity capital. If the risk-free rate of return is 3.5 percent and the market risk premium (market return minus risk-free rate) is 4 percent, then what is the company's expected cost of equity capital?
A. 9.60%
B. 7.20%
C. 8.70%
D. 10.14%
The company's expected cost of equity capital is 9.60%.
The cost of equity capital can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which is given by the formula:
Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium
In this case, the risk-free rate is 3.5% and the market risk premium is 4%. The company's beta is 1.3. By substituting these values into the formula, we can calculate the expected cost of equity capital:
Cost of Equity = 3.5% + 1.3 * 4% = 3.5% + 5.2% = 8.7%
Therefore, the expected cost of equity capital for Tele Ltd is 8.7%, which corresponds to option C.
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Record the following transactions on a petty cash sheet. All petty cash vouchers will be numbered sequentially, beginning with #1. Ask your instructor which of the following tax rates to use: i.No taxes ii.Add 5% GST only iii.Add 13% HST iv.Add 5% GST + 7% PST 20—Nov. 1 The fund was started with $200. 1 Bought pads of writing paper for office, $27.70 3 Paid for delivery of above stationery, $5.78 4 Bought special order of merchandise, $13.14. 4 Paid for delivery of the above special order of merchandise by courier, $5.25 5 Bought sugar and cream for staff kitchen, $4.50 (no taxes). 6 Paid for minor repairs to office furniture, $18.06. (Debit Repairs Expense) 6 Paid ABC Courier for delivering merchandise to customer, $7.35. 7 Bought packaging materials for warehouse, $28.35. 10 Paid for printing of advertising flyers, $32.55. 17 Paid for delivery of incoming merchandise, $11.98. 21 Contributed $20 to Heart & Stroke Foundation (no taxes). (b)Total all columns and prove equal debits and credits. Calculate the cash on hand. (c)Make an entry in the Cash Payments Journal to establish the fund on November 1. Cheque #130 was issued. (d)Make an entry in the Cash Payments Journal for the reimbursement of the fund on November 30. Cheque #149 was issued.
The following transactions are recorded on a petty cash sheet, including purchases, payments, contributions, and cash on hand calculations. The applicable tax rates and voucher numbering system are specified. A Cash Payments Journal entry is made to establish and reimburse the petty cash fund.
On November 1, the petty cash fund is started with an initial amount of $200. The subsequent transactions are then recorded on the petty cash sheet.
For each transaction, the relevant details such as the nature of the expense and the amount are noted, along with the corresponding voucher number. The tax rates to be applied are determined based on the provided options.
The transactions include various purchases and payments made using the petty cash fund. Some transactions involve tax calculations, such as adding GST, HST, or GST + PST to the amounts. For transactions with no taxes, the specified amounts are recorded as is.
After recording all the transactions, the columns are totaled to ensure equal debits and credits. The cash on hand is calculated by subtracting the total payments from the initial fund amount of $200.
Furthermore, entries are made in the Cash Payments Journal to establish the petty cash fund on November 1 and reimburse the fund on November 30. The entry for the establishment of the fund includes the issuance of Cheque #130, while the reimbursement entry involves Cheque #149.
In conclusion, the provided transactions are recorded on the petty cash sheet, considering tax rates and voucher numbering. The calculations of cash on hand and entries in the Cash Payments Journal are performed to establish and reimburse the petty cash fund effectively.
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Torvill Ltd produces just one product, the Bolero. The budget for the forthcoming year requires the product to generate a profit of £15,072, however difficult trading conditions may impact upon this.
The following information is available:
Selling price per unit £150
Direct price per unit £27
Direct labor per unit £16
Variable production costs per unit £11
Fixed production overhead for the year £42,000
Fixed selling overhead for the year £12,048
- Required:
a) Calculate the contribution to sales ratio and explain what the ratio shows. 4 marks
b) Calculate the break-even point in units and the margin of safety in percentage terms, and explain what each of these terms mean. 8 marks
c) The difficult trading conditions have resulted in the selling price decreasing by 8% and the variable costs increasing by 9.26%. What will be the new profit or loss if Torvill Ltd can sell 680 units?
a) The contribution to sales ratio is calculated as follows: Contribution to sales ratio = (contribution/selling price) × 100%Contribution = Selling price - Direct price - Direct labor - Variable production costs= £150 - £27 - £16 - £11= £96 Contribution to sales ratio = (96/150) x 100% = 64%. The contribution to sales ratio shows the percentage of sales that will contribute towards covering the fixed costs and generating profit.
b) Break-even point = (fixed costs/contribution per unit) = (42048/96) = 438 units Margin of safety = (Actual sales – Break-even sales)/Actual sales x 100%= (600 – 438)/600 x 100%= 27%Break-even point is the point at which the company’s total cost (fixed costs and variable costs) equals the company’s total sales or revenue. Margin of safety is the percentage difference between the actual sales and the break-even sales. c) The new selling price per unit = £150 – (8% of £150) = £138The new variable production costs per unit = £11 + (9.26% of £11) = £12The new contribution per unit = £138 - £27 - £16 - £12 = £83New profit or loss = Total contribution - Fixed costs= (680 x 83) - (42000 + 12048)= £10,764. The new profit or loss for Torvill Ltd will be a profit of £10,764 if they sell 680 units with the given changes in selling price and variable costs.
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