Given that the surroundings' net ΔS is positive and the process as a whole has a negative G, this entropic cost does not stop spontaneous protein folding.
Description of the protein folding and entropy penalty scenario:
The decrease in the solvation zone is linked to a considerable gain in positive entropy, which compensates for the entropic penalty brought on by the greater organization in the protein folding condition. The hydrophobic effect is another name for this phenomenon. The operation remains spontaneous as a result of allowing the net Gibbs free energy shift should become minus.Due to the lack of stabilizing connections, an unfolded protein has a high configurational entropy as well as a high enthalpy. The entropy and enthalpy of a folded protein are greatly reduced. Here, there is a compromise between H and S. The S component is weighted more heavily by increased temperature because ΔG = ΔH - TΔ S, which means that unfolding is favored by greater temperature.Learn more about protein folding here:
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Explain how hormones, nervous system stimulation, and the volume, chemical composition, and osmolarity of the chyme affect motility in both the stomach and the duodenum
Genetics are thought to play a role in certain gastric motility disorders, such as hirschusprung's disease , intestinal pseudo- obstruction and GERD.
Hormones which controls the different digestive enzymes that secreted in stomach and the intestine during the process of digestion and absorption. Stomach secret the acid in response to food intake which is stopped by the somatostain. This stimulates the gastric mobility.
Duodenum mobility is effect by the input form the central nervous system which reduce the propagation velocity and increase contractile amplitudes. (CRF) Corticopin -releasing factor is physiologic mediator of stress effects on the gut. An antroduodenal mobility is diagnosis problem in the muscles of stomach and small intestine are working.
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What is the difference between the bones of the cranium and the facial bones? cheg
Explanation:
The main difference between skull and cranium is that the skull is composed of both facial bones and the cranium whereas the cranium is the upper part of the skull, composed of bones that do not move.
...
Bones of the Cranium and their Role.
What will happen if an animal raised in an axenic environment is exposed to a pathogenic microbe later in life?
If an animal raised in an axenic environment is exposed to a pathogenic microbe later in life, it will exhibit a very poor immune response to the pathogen.
What is an axenic environment?Axenic environment is that which is free from any contaminating organism like microbes. When any animal is raised in an axenic environment, it has a very poor immune system because it does not have to defend itself against any pathogen.If such an animal is exposed to pathogen later in their life they may not be able to respond because they have never experienced such situations and will get infected.In laboratories, animals are initially grown in axenic places but they are later on slowly exposed to external environment so that they can acclimatize/ adapt to the environment and live normally.Learn more about axenic environment here:
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Though narcotics can effectively manage pain or reduce anxiety, they...
A. can cause drowsiness and are highly addictive.
B. only work short-term.
C. are only attainable illegally.
what can be stated for a particular element if only the group number of 14 is known
A. The element has 14 neutrons
B.the element has 4 valence electrons
C. The element has 4 electrons
D. The element has 14 protons
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Group numbers can be used to figure out valence electrons. From groups 13-18 you subtract 10 from those group numbers to find the valence electrons. So in this case we're dealing with group 14. So 14-10=4. So we have 4 valence electrons.
In the given case, it can be concluded that the element has 4 valence electrons. The correct option is B.
What is an element?A genuine element is defined in chemistry as a material whose atoms all (however almost all) have the same atomic number, or number of protons.
Nuclear scientists, on the other hand, define a pure element as one that has only one stable isotope.
A chemical element is a type of atom with a specific number of protons in its nucleus, which would include the pure substance made up entirely of that species.
Chemical elements, unlike chemical compounds, cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction.
Valence electrons are electrons in an atom's outermost shell, or energy level. In the given case, the element has group number 14 which indicates that this is having 4 valance electrons.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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Which food is rich in complex carbohydrates? Which food is rich in complex carbohydrates? cheese wheat bread olive oil honey
Wheat bread is rich in complex carbohydrates
Sugar molecules are arranged in lengthy, intricate chains to form complex carbohydrates. Foods such as peas, beans, whole grains, and vegetables include complex carbohydrates. The body converts simple and complex carbs to glucose (blood sugar) for use as fuel.
complex carbohydrates are classified as oligosaccharides, which have three to ten monosaccharides bound together, and polysaccharides, which have more than ten monosaccharides bonded together. These complex carbohydrates are made up of dietary fiber, glycogen, and starches.
Consume extra fruits and vegetables to increase your intake of complex carbohydrates and healthful nutrients. Don't forget to include legumes like beans, lentils, and dried peas in your diet as well as whole-grain grains, bread, and cereals.
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, between 45 and 65 percent of daily calories should come from carbs. That is 225 to 325 grams of complex carbohydrates each day.
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Which act requires regulation of chemicals used in mining?
A. Toxic Substance Control Act
B. Clean Air Act
C. Endangered Species Act
Answer:
A. Toxic Substance Control Act
- Manages the development of new/existing chemicals, regulates environmental impact on mining activities.
The Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) is the act that requires the regulation of chemicals used in various industrial processes, including mining.
The TSCA is a federal law in the United States that was enacted in 1976 to address the potential risks posed by chemicals to human health and the environment.
Mining operations often involve the use of various chemicals, such as solvents, reagents, and processing agents, to extract and process minerals from ores. These chemicals can have potential adverse effects on workers' health, nearby communities, and the environment if not properly regulated and managed.
Under the TSCA, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has the authority to regulate and control the manufacture, importation, use, and disposal of chemicals to ensure they do not pose unreasonable risks to health and the environment. The TSCA allows the EPA to require testing and reporting of chemical substances, and it grants the agency the authority to restrict or ban certain chemicals if they are found to be harmful.
Mining operations must comply with the TSCA's requirements by ensuring that the chemicals they use are properly assessed for potential risks, and that appropriate measures are taken to protect workers, communities, and the environment. The TSCA plays a crucial role in ensuring the responsible use and management of chemicals in various industries, including mining, to minimize their impact on public health and the environment.
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When taking blood pressure, the sounds heard when the pressure cuff is released are due to ________.
When taking blood pressure, the sounds heard when the pressure cuff is released are due to Rising of the Systolic Pressure above the cuff pressure.
When deflating the cuff, the first sound is due to the Systolic Pressure. The cuff pressure is released by the opening of the airflow valve in a counterclockwise direction. The sound heard is a Sharp Tapping sound.
Systolic pressure is the pressure generated due to contraction of heart and Diastolic pressure is generated due to the relaxation of the heart.
Blood Pressure is measured by a device called Sphygmomanometer.
The sounds heard on releasing the pressure cuffs are due to the change of flow of blood through the artery. These sounds are called Korotkoff sounds. These are generated when the cuff pressure is changed which changes the flow of blood through the artery.
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Select all the correct answers. which two statements about composite materials are true? they’re made up of more than one substance. they have the same or similar properties as the materials used to make them. they’re always made of metal. they’re readily available in nature.
Correct Statements are -
They’re made up of more than one substance.They’re readily available in nature.What are Composite Materials?Composite materials are created by combining two or more substances with dissimilar properties. Composite materials have distinct properties that distinguish them from their constituents, and the constituents can be easily distinguished within the composite materials because they do not blend together. Some composite materials are abundant in nature. Wood, for example, is a composite material made up of cellulose and lignin.To learn more about Matter from the given link
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Hormone released by the duodenum in response to acids and lipids in the duodenum.
Secretin is a 27 amino acid polypeptide hormone produced by S cells of the duodenum in response to a pH between 2 and 4.5 (very acidic).
What is Secretin?Secretin is a 27 amino acid polypeptide hormone produced by S cells of the duodenum in response to a pH between 2 and 4.5. Upon reaching the duodenum, the chyme will be covered with pancreatic juice from the pancreas and with a pH close to 9 thanks to the presence of sodium bicarbonate.
What are the effects of secretin hormones?inhibiting gastric activity and activating the secretion of enzymes and bicarbonate by the pancreas, and of bicarbonate and bile salts by the liver.
With this information, we can conclude that Secretin is a hormone that regulates water homeostasis throughout the body and influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions
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X-gal is included in the growth medium on which cells transformed with bacterial plasmids are grown. The reason x-gal is included is to _______.
Answer:
gg
Explanation:
X-GAL is included in order to True An enzyme that cuts between the third and fourth bases from the 5′ end of a six base DNA sequence will result in blunt ends.
What are Bacterial Plasmids?Plasmids are the little DNA rings that your bacterial self was stealing. Plasmids are specifically non-essential, extrachromosomal DNA fragments. What does that exactly mean? A plasmid is a brief, typically circular, double-stranded DNA fragment that is located outside of the main bacterial chromosome in the b.
Between 5 to 100 genes that are not necessary for the survival of the bacteria are typically found in plasmids. The primary bacterial chromosome contains the genes necessary for healthy cell structure, metabolism, and growth. The bacterium would still be able to survive even if all of the plasmids were taken out as long as it is flourishing in a low-stress environment.
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What is bioenergetics?
a. the study of weight loss
b. the study of metabolism during exercise
c. the study of the ways in which food is turned into energy
d. the study of aerobic metabolism
The complete sequence of dna bases responsible for making a functional protein is?
The complete sequence of DNA bases responsible for making a functional protein is gene .
During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template to produce a pre-mRNA transcript . The pre-mRNA is processed to form a mature mRNA molecule that can be translated to build the protein molecule (polypeptide) encoded by the original gene.
DNA used to create proteins by using enzymes that read the information in a DNA molecule and transcribe it into an intermediary molecule called messenger ribonucleic acid, or mRNA. after that the information contained in the mRNA molecule is translated into the "language" of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.
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Estrogen and progesterone are primarily produced and secreted by the: Group of answer choices ovaries. uterus. anterior pituitary. posterior pituitary.
Answer:
Produced and Secreted by the ovaries
Describe why the treatment plant was not removing nitrites and nitrates from the water. how did you fix this problem?
The problem can be fixed by converting ammonia.
What is ammonia?With the chemical formula NH3, ammonia is a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen.
Ammonia is the simplest pnictogen hydride and a stable binary hydride. It is a colorless gas with a strong, pungent odor. It contributes considerably to the nutritional demands of terrestrial species by serving as a precursor to 45 percent of the world's food and fertilizers. It is a common nitrogenous waste biologically, especially among aquatic creatures.
How to remove nitrates and nitrites from water?Nitrates are challenging contaminants to remove from water, and filters alone cannot do it. By using ion exchange resin, distillation, or reverse osmosis, nitrates can be taken out of water.
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Which part of the body is represented by the largest area of the primary motor cortex?
Arm and hand motor area is the largest, and occupies the part of precentral gyrus represented by the largest area of the primary motor cortex .
The primary motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus the premotor area is more rostral. The pyramidal cells of cortical layer V (also called Betz cells) are the upper motor neurons of the primary motor cortex.
The primary motor cortex, or M1, is one of the principal brain areas involved in motor function. M1 is located in the frontal lobe of the brain, along a bump called the precentral gyrus .
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What device on a resuscitation bag-mask device may prevent sufficient tidal volume?
In these patients, a safety valve on a resuscitation bag-mask device may prevent adequate tidal volume delivery.
What is resuscitation bag-mask device?A bag valve mask, also known as an Ambu bag, is a portable device utilized to provide positive pressure air circulation to any subject who has inadequate or ineffective breaths.
It consists of a self-inflating bag, a one-way valve, a disguise, and a reservoir of oxygen.
Bag-valve-mask (BVM) air circulation is a life-saving skill. This basic airway management method enables patients to be oxygenated and ventilated until a more definitive airway can be established.
Thus, as a result, a safety valve on a resuscitation bag-mask device may prevent adequate tidal volume delivery in these patients.
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What are two ways in which the body gains
water?
OA. Sweating and drinking
B. Sweating and urination
OC. Drinking and cellular respiration
D. Cellular respiration and urination
Answer:
C.) Drinking and cellular respiration
Explanation:
During sweating and urination, water is lost.
During drinking and cellular respiration, the body gains water. Water is a product of cellular respiration.
Which part of the peripheral nervous system would send impulses to the skeletal muscles in the arm?
The part of Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) that would send impulses to the skeletal muscles in the arm is Somatic Nervous System.
Somatic Nervous System is the voluntary part of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) which is associated with voluntary activity of the human body with the help of skeletal muscles in the body.
Somatic Nervous System consists of two kinds of nerves namely Spinal nerves and Cranial nerves.
Spinal nerves transmits information to the body from spinal cord.
Cranial nerves transmits information to the neck and head from the brain.
Somatic Nervous System controls the movement of the skeletal muscle present in the arm and leg. It controls the voluntary actions of the body which is under our control.
It controls the transmission of impulses received from the senses to perform reflex actions without involving the Central Nervous System (CNS)
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Which substance helps the most in the digestion of food? enzymes chyme viruses hormones
Enzymes is the right answer
Substance that helps the most in the digestion of food is enzymes.
What are enzymes?Enzymes are proteins that aid in accelerating our bodies' chemical reactions, or metabolism.Some compounds are created, while others are broken down. Enzymes are a part of all living things. Enzymes are created by our bodies spontaneously.Examples of digestive enzymes:Amylase:generated in the mouth. Smaller sugar molecules are formed from the breakdown of larger starch molecules.Pepsin:Pepsin is produced in the stomach. Pepsin aids in the amino acid breakdown of proteins.Trypsin:The pancreas produces trypsin. Proteins are also broken down by trypsin.Lipase:The pancreas produces pancreatic lipase. It is employed to separate fats.Ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease:The pancreas makes ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease. In nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, these enzymes are responsible for rupturing bonds.What are the four roles that enzymes play?Numerous biological processes, including development, blood clotting, disease treatment, respiration, digestion, reproduction, and many more, are aided by enzymes.Enzymes play important roles in a variety of biological processes in living things.To learn more about enzymes visit:
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If a diploid cell containing a large number of chromosomes skipped crossing over but completed the other steps of meiotic cell division to produce gametes, what would be the outcome?
The daughter cells will have paternal or maternal chromosomes.
What is crossing over?It is a major step in meiotic cell division during which non-sister chromatids exchange chromosomal segments, and as such, the genetic materials in the segments.
The process of crossing over happens at prophase I of meiosis I with the result being daughter cells whose chromosomes have been recombined as well as reconstructed.
Without crossing over, meiosis will end up producing daughter cells with either maternal or paternal chromosomes. The effect is that the number of genetic recombination in the daughter cells has been significantly reduced.
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Do robber crabs have more in common with dolphins or with sponges?
Robber crabs have more in common with dolphins than sponges.
A phylogenetic tree is a visual representation of the evolutionary connections between various creatures. Phylogenetic trees are theories rather than proven truths. A phylogenetic tree's branching pattern illustrates how many species or other groups developed from a number of common predecessors.The robber crab or palm thief is another name for the terrestrial hermit crab species known as the coconut crab. With a weight of up to 4.1 kg, it is the biggest terrestrial arthropod in the entire globe.A phylogenetic tree can be used to track a species' evolutionary history back via the tree's branches and find their common ancestors along the way.A robber crab has tissues which is similar to dolphins however sponges do not have tissues, thus robber crabs are closer to dolphins.learn more about Robber crabs here: https://brainly.com/question/12093868
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What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? In your answer use the terms nucleus, nucleoid, organelles, size, cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, evolution.
Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in terms of cell complexity.
Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotesProkaryotes refer to living organisms whose bodies are made from prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotes, on the other hand, are organisms made from eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in the following ways:
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus while eukaryote organisms have one or more nuclei. The genetic materials of prokaryotes are arranged as nucleoids and lie freely within the cytoplasm.In terms of size, prokaryotic cells range from 0.1 to 5 micrometers. Eukaryotic cells range from 10 to 100 micrometers.Prokaryotic cells usually have cell walls. Some eukaryotic cells have cell walls, while some do not.The ribosome size of prokaryotes is around 20 nm while that of eukaryotes varies from 25 nm to 30 nm.In terms of evolutionary advancement, eukaryotes are more advanced than prokaryotes.More on prokaryotes and eukaryotes can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/4644590
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What feature of rubisco allows the co2 concentration to increase in the bundle sheath cells of c4 plants?
The increased concentration of CO₂ in Bundle sheath cells allows RUBISCO to bind with CO₂ more efficiently.
RUBISCO stands for Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase. It is the most abundant enzyme on the earth. It has binding site for both CO₂ and O₂. It is a 5 carbon compound.
In bundle sheath cells due to thick walls, the CO₂ concentration increases and hence RUBISCO can bind with CO₂ more efficiently. The binding site in RUBISCO has active sites for both CO₂ and O₂, therefore the binding nature between both of them is competitive. More the concentration of CO₂ the better the RUBISCO can bind to it.
In the C₄ pathway, when the acid is broken down in the bundle sheath cells, this increases the intracellular concentration of CO₂ and hence CO₂ can bind with RUBISCO.
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Pyruvate is the product of glycolysis, and after it moves into the ______, it is oxidized to form ______, which enters the krebs cycle.
Pyruvate is the product of glycolysis, and after it moves into the mitochondrial matrix, it is oxidized to form acetyl COA, which enters the Krebs cycle.
Glycolysis generates pyruvate in the cytoplasm, while the mitochondrial matrix is where pyruvate oxidation occurs (in eukaryotes). Pyruvate must therefore enter the mitochondrion, pass through its inner membrane, and reach the matrix before the chemical processes can start.The pyruvate molecules generated at the conclusion of glycolysis are carried into mitochondria, which are locations of cellular respiration, in eukaryotic cells. Aerobic respiration will continue if there is oxygen available. By eliminating a carbon dioxide molecule, pyruvate is converted in the mitochondria into a two-carbon acetyl group, which is then taken up by a carrier substance called coenzyme A (CoA), which is created from vitamin B5.learn more about Pyruvate here:
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The ________ are lymphoid nodules located in the tissue at the base of the tongue in the rear of the mouth
The lingual tonsils are lymphoid nodules located in the tissue at the base of the tongue in the rear of the mouth.
At the base of the tongue, reactive lymphoid tissue makes up the lingual tonsils. Clinical manifestations of lingual tonsil hypertrophy include globus, dysphagia, and difficulty intubating patients due to glottis exposure.The lymphoid tissue near the tongue's base makes up the lingual tonsil, a typical part of Waldeyer's ring. It has been documented that one of the unique causes of unforeseen difficulties with endotracheal intubation and mask ventilation is acute inflammation and hypertrophy. Lingual tonsillar hypertrophy is a peculiar voice alteration presentation. If improperly handled, this group of individuals has the potential to significantly deteriorate, obstructing their airways and even dying.learn more about lingual tonsils here: https://brainly.com/question/27370572
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Which one of these scenarios is most like social conditioned place preference?
Choices:
A person has a fantastic date on a Florida swamp tour and later develops an affinity for swimming in swamps.
The fulfillment that Charles finds in bodybuilding leads him to become an orthopaedic surgeon.
After having an excellent class in a red classroom, a student starts preferring to study in rooms with red wallpaper as opposed to blue.
Sally loves popcorn and winds up working in her city's biggest corn factory.
The fulfillment that Charles finds in bodybuilding leads him to become an orthopedic surgeon.
The initially neutral environmental signals become linked to the unconditioned stimulus's motivating qualities, which might cause behavior to either approach or avoid the environment. To increase the ability to make causal claims, control and treatment group are frequently used in practice.
Similar to Pavlovian conditioning, environmental signals are frequently combined with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response before conditioning (the unconditioned response). The neutral stimulus will eventually start to evoke reactions that resemble the unconditioned response with repetition and pairings. The unconditioned stimulus in conditioned location preference could be anything, such as food pellets, water, sweet liquid, novel toys, social engagement, drug intoxication, drug withdrawal, foot shock, illness, wheel running, copulation, or any number of other things.
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Which answer correctly identifies the part of the human vision system that is part of the retina?
a. visual cortex
b. rods
c. optic nerve
d. pupil
Rods identifies the part of the human vision system that is part of the retina. The correct option is b.
What are rods?Rods are photoreceptor cells found in the retina. They are photosensitive and contribute to our ability to see well in low light.
They are focused in the retina's outer regions and provide us with field of vision. Rods are 500 to 1,000 times more light perceptive than cones.
Regardless of the fact that cone-mediated eyesight dominates perception in typical daytime light levels, the overall number of rods in the human retina far outnumbers the number of cones.
Thus, the correct option is b.
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Which is most responsible for the synchronized contraction of cardiac muscle tissue?
Answer:
ap junctions
Explanation:
What is the protein recommendation associated with resistance training for younger adults to increase muscle protein synthesis?
Whey protein and milk are recommended for muscle protein synthesis in young adults during resistance training.
What is muscle protein synthesis?The metabolic process in which new amino acids are attached to the bound proteins of skeletal muscle is called muscle protein synthesis.
Whey protein is a great choice of consumption for muscle protein synthesis because it contains a high amount of leucine. Milk and dairy products are rich sources of whey protein.
Therefore, the consumption of whey supplements and milk is recommended for increasing muscle protein synthesis in young adults.
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