In their study of conditioning, Garcia and Koelling paired water with radiation. They found that the rats later avoided water with a distinct taste.
In a seminal study, Garcia and Koelling (1966) found that after being exposed to a distinct taste/audiovisual compound stimulus, rats made nauseous (with LiCl or x-rays) developed much stronger aversions to the taste stimulus than to the audiovisual component.
Garcia argued that the radiation's nauseating effects were what caused the sweetened water to turn toxic. Later investigations, including the 1966 Garcia and Koelling taste aversion experiment, supported his findings. Humans are also capable of experiencing the taste aversion phenomena.
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As learning occurs over repeated conditioning trials, the conditioned stimulus increasingly predicts the unconditioned stimulus, and prediction error __________
As learning occurs over repeated conditioning trails, the conditioned stimulus increasingly predicts the unconditioned stimulus, and prediction error declines.
When the outcome of a conditioning trial is different from that which is predicted by the conditioned stimuli that are present on the trial(i.e.., when the US is surprising). prediction error is necessary to create Pavlovian conditioning (and associative learning generally). So conditioning works to correct or reduce prediction error.
To learn something through classical conditioning, there must first be some prediction error, or the chance that a conditioned stimulus won't lead to the expected outcome. with the example of the bell and the light, because the bell always leads to the reward of food, there's is no "prediction error" that the addition of the light helps to correct. However, if the researcher suddenly requires that the bell and the light both occurs in order to receive the food, the bell alone will produce a prediction error that the animal has to learn.
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Which social policy mentioned in the video is usually thought of as a state and local issue, but has seen the federal government get more involved?
Social policy which is, Education mentioned in the video is usually thought of as a state and local issue, but has seen the federal government get more involved.
The federal government's position in education is, of course, closely related to other aspects of American culture and has its roots in the Constitution. Education is not mentioned in such document. "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution... are reserved to the States respectively," the 10th Amendment states.
This might appear to prevent any federal regulation over education, but the 14th Amendment compels all states to grant "equal protection of the laws to every person within their authority.
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In a recent study (tetering & others, 2020), 13- to 16-year-old _____ reported higher levels of self-control and self-monitoring than their ____ counterparts.
Thirteen- to 16-yr-antique youngsters reported better degrees of self-tracking than their carried out opposite numbers.
Self-monitoring is a personality trait that includes the ability to display and adjust self-shows, emotions, and behaviors in reaction to social environments and conditions. It includes being privy to your conduct and the effect it has on your environment.
Self-regulation focuses on decreasing the depth and frequency of these impulses. in many ways is only a small a part of self-law, which is lots more treasured in the end.
An example of self-tracking at paintings could consist of using a checklist to live targeted at the duties you need to complete and watching how regularly you get off assignment with non-work associated activities.
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Match each coordinate to its correct location on the map
40°S, 15°W
45°N, 120°W
60°N, 90°E
40°N, 116°E
60°S, 90°W
15°N, 60°E
72°S, 120°E
Answer:
Major Cities: Latitude, Longitude, and Corresponding Time Zones
The following table lists the latitude and longitude coordinates of major world cities in alphabetical order by city name. The time corresponding to 12:00 noon, Eastern Standard Time, is also included for each city.
The _____ denotes the type of organization or country the address of a document or site on the internet specifies.
The top-level Domain denotes all these details.
What is a Top Level Domain (TDL)?After the root domain, a top-level domain is one of the domains at the highest level in the Internet's hierarchical Domain Name System. The top-level domain names are put in the name space's root zone.
Generic TLDs (gTLDs) include some of the most popular domain names encountered on the internet, such as '.com,' '.net,' and '.org.' The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) used to place significant limitations on the formation of new gTLDs, however, these limits were eased in 2010. There are currently hundreds of lesser-known gTLDs available, such as '.top,' '.xyz,' and '.loan.'
Country-code TLDs (ccTLDs) are only available to nations, sovereign states, and territories. Examples are '.uk,' '.au' (Australia), and '.jp' (Japan) (Japan). ICANN's Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is in charge of selecting appropriate entities in each area to operate ccTLDs.
Sponsored TLDs: These TLDs are usually associated with professional, ethnic, or geographical communities.
TLDs for infrastructure: There is just one TLD in this category: '.arpa.' '.arpa' was the first TLD ever developed and is currently designated for infrastructure functions like performing reverse DNS lookups. It was named after DARPA, the United States military research agency that helped pioneer the modern Internet.
TLDs on the Reserved List: Some TLDs are on the Reserved List, which implies they are indefinitely unavailable for usage. '.localhost', for example, is reserved for use in local computer settings, whereas '.example' is reserved for use in example demonstrations.
Therefore, the Top Level Domain denotes the type of organization or country the address of a document or site on the internet specifies.
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Mary lou has been sleeping only about 4 hours per night for a few nights. According to the research on sleep deprivation, mary lou is most likely to?
Mary lou has been sleeping only about 4 hours per night for a few nights. According to the research on sleep deprivation, mary lou is most likely to experience disruptions in mood, mental abilities, reaction time, and perceptual skills.
Getting enough sleep and the right kind of sleep is essential to our overall health and well-being. While sleeping, the body works to support healthy brain function and maintain physical fitness. Long-term sleep deprivation can increase your risk of chronic health problems such as heart disease and diabetes. Sleep deprivation and mood disorders are closely related.
Studies show that sleep-deprived people have more negative moods (anger, frustration, irritability, sadness) and less positive moods. Insomnia is also often a symptom of mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. It also increases risk and may even contribute to the development of some mood disorders.
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What type of social institutions do you think are most in need of change in the united states?
The social institution of marriage needs the most amount of change in the United States.
Social institutions refer to a group or an organization that has a set of duties and responsibilities to take hold of, as well as certain social functions that it needs to perform so as to adhere to its role in the society. Few of the social institutions are marriage, family, religion and the like.
The US culture has more openness to divorce and the rights of the couple thereafter yet it must be noted that although it provides more freedom to the individual's in the society, it has a great impact on the children of such a couple.
Therefore, to lessen this impact and to nurture more understanding between the couple, a change is required.
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Predict how a drug-free lifestyle will support the achievement of short- and long-term goals.
Important Mental and Physical Benefits of Getting Sober
Better Focus and Memory. Reduce Heart Attack and Cancer Risk.What is Heart Attack?A heart attack (myocardial infarction or MI) is a critical medical emergency in which the blood supply to the heart is suddenly cut off, typically by a blood clot.
The major cause of heart attacks is coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD is a disorder in which the coronary arteries (the primary blood vessels that deliver blood to the heart) become blocked with cholesterol deposits.
A shortage of blood supply causes tissue in the heart muscle to die during a heart attack. When the flow of blood to the heart is substantially diminished or blocked, a heart attack ensues. The obstruction is mainly caused by a buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other chemicals in the arteries leading to the heart (coronary).
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________ is the right of an owner of property such as plants or animals to increase in the property. the owner of a cow, for example, owns the calves born to the cow
Accession is the right of an owner of property such as plants or animals to increase in the property. The owner of a cow, for example, owns the calves born to the cow.
A method of gaining property known as accession property law entails the labor- or material-based addition of value to the property.
According to property law, accession refers to the process of obtaining property by enhancing existing property with labour or raw materials like plants. Owning property automatically grants the right to hold anything that is contributed to or created by it .
An illustration of accession is as follows: If someone permits someone else to harvest undesired alfalfa from their land and make it into bales of feed for livestock, that person may then acquire the finished product.
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ACCESSION
Accession is the right of an owner of property such as plants or animals to increase in the property. the owner of a cow, for example, owns the calves born to the cow.
Accession acquired in virtue of transferred ownership- Where such accession has been acquired at the expense of the mortgagee, and is capable of separate possession or enjoyment without detriment to the principal property, the mortgagor desiring to take the accession must pay to the mortgagee the expense of acquiring
Property rights allow people to be entrepreneurial. And enterprise allows people to create wealth and prosper. The security of property allows people to pursue their enterprise.
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In the u.s. today, almost __________ million people claim full or partial italian ancestry.
In the US today, almost 17.8 million people claim full or partial Italian ancestry.
According to the estimate, 17.2 million Americans (or nearly 6% of the country's total population) claim Italian ancestry, compared to 4% and 3%, respectively, in Canada and Australia. And these are merely the principal geographical locations where Italian oriundi are to be found.
Given that Italy respects jure sanguinis, you can claim citizenship through ancestry (by the bloodline). You must, however, demonstrate that your Italian ancestor was, in fact, a citizen of Italy or had the legal capacity to do so at the time of their birth.
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Select the correct answer. what is the primary biomolecule that cells use for energy?
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the primary biomolecule that cells use for energy.
Is ATP the primary source of energy?
The majority of cellular functions are primarily powered by ATP. ATP is composed of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus as its building ingredients. ATP is easily hydrolyzed in reactions to release a significant quantity of energy because it contains unstable, high-energy bonds.
How is ATP used by cells for energy?
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + phosphate is created when one of the three phosphates in the ATP molecule splits off when a cell has to expend energy to complete a task. Now that the phosphate molecule's energy has been released, it can be used by the cell to perform tasks.
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Which tactic is performed to control air movement using natural or mechanical means?
The tactic performed to control air movement using natural or mechanical means is ventilation.
Air flow is used to regulate the atmosphere through ventilation. Air temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity interact to provide the sensation of thermal comfort. For air to move from clean to dirty and out, air movement is also crucial.
A ventilation control system consists of a number of components that work together to control how much fresh air is allowed into your house. To maintain indoor air quality at safe levels, the system continuously monitors variables like temperature and humidity and modifies ventilation as necessary.
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What would cause the supply curve for carrots to shift to the right?
The price of carrots rises would cause the supply curve for carrots to shift to the right.
A change in demand or supply conditions shifts the demand or supply curve to a new position. Each curve can be shifted right or left. A shift to the right means an increase in demand or supply. This means that at each market price, more quantity is being supplied or demanded.
A shift to the left means a decrease in demand or supply. That means less supply or demand at any price. Four cases of changes in supply and demand are considered because both the demand and supply curves can shift in either direction. These cases are so important and universal that they are often called the "Law of Supply and Demand".
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________ involves using taxes and government spending to influence the money supply indirectly.
Fiscal policy involves using taxes and government spending to influence the money supply indirectly.
Fiscal policy, in simple terms, is an estimate of taxation and authorities' spending that impacts the economy. There are two sorts of fiscal coverage: Expansionary fiscal policy: This policy is designed to boost the economic system.
Fiscal policy refers to central financial institution sports that are directed toward influencing the amount of cash and credit score in a financial system. By way of assessment, fiscal policy refers to the government's choices approximately taxation and spending. each economic and financial regulation is used to adjust monetary interest through the years.
Fiscal policy is the use of government spending and taxation to persuade the economic system. Governments commonly use fiscal policy to sell sturdy and sustainable increase and decrease poverty.
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Cabinet members have two major jobs. in one, they are advisors; in the other, they are__________.
Cabinet members have two major jobs. in one, they are advisors; in the other, they each serves as the executive department's administrative leader.
The Vice President, the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs, as well as the Attorney General, make up the Cabinet.
The US Cabinet's responsibility is to advise the President on a variety of issues pertaining to their different positions. Each department's secretaries are required to give the President direct advice in any capacity the President may need. The departments report directly to the President, although they have no independent authority. They are in charge of delivering specific orders that address the needs of the American people.
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What are some of the potential consequences of a military invasion by Russia into Ukraine?
Answer:
Explanation:
a whole lot of dead Ukrainians sorry boys but you guys pick the worst country to mess with
What is the greatest pitfall a leader can encounter when carrying out the role of evaluator?
The greatest pitfall a leader can encounter when carrying out the role of evaluator is poor planning.
Leaders will run across a variety of pitfall when creating and implementing various systems and evaluating them. A leader's ability to use strategy to go through or around barriers depends on how well they are anticipated or handled. Three main categories of hazards that a leader could frequently run into are personal, organisational, and environmental.
A person who evaluates anything has the responsibility to determine its worth, significance, quantity, or quality is the evaluator. For the purpose of evaluating the company's business strategy, an impartial assessor is hired.
Poor outcomes typically follow from not planning for anything, and doing an evaluation is no different. Poor preparation can result in a lack of resources (such as funds, staff, space, etc.) for the assessment, as well as the inability to perform evaluation in the appropriate length of time or with the clarity necessary to know what results you hope to accomplish.
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Culture can be defined as a program of shared ________ that govern the behavior of people in a society as well as a set of shared values and beliefs
Culture can be defined as a program of shared norms or rules that govern the behavior of people in a society as well as a set of shared values and beliefs.
Human beings are in a habit of living in a socially defined structure- where people live together and develop different forms of cooperation created by common habits, styles of living, behaviors and the like. This institution of culture provides stability in the society, that support human existence.
Culture also acts the point of segregation of one group of people from another since these groups of people have different systems of language s well as social and religious practices.
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The continental congress committee that examined the issue of american indian inclusiveness ultimately determined that this group should be seen as:_______
The continental congress committee that examined the issue of American Indian inclusiveness ultimately determined that this group should be seen as possible allies.
American Indian- the American Indians are the aboriginals of the western hemisphere, they were the original inhabitants before the European colonizers came to the western hemisphere.
The continental congress committee- This committee is set up by the 5 founding fathers of the united states to communicate with the colonial British people and the foreign allies to strengthen the cause of American freedom. The members include Thomas Jefferson, benjamin franklin, Roger Sherman, Robert R. Livingston, and John Adams.
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You decide to take the earnest money deposit you’ve been given and place it in your personal account until it is needed at the final closing. what kentucky violation have you committed?
Mishandling funds is the Kentucky violation I committed.
The earnest cash can be held in escrow at some point of the settlement length by using an identified company, lawyer, bank, or broking—whatever is specified within the agreement. maximum U.S. jurisdictions require that once a purchaser well timed and properly drops out of a contract, the cash be back inside a brief time frame, say, forty-eight hours.
The earnest cash deposit can be indexed as a credit to the consumer, while every other fund owed can be listed as debits. The final agent will add up all of the debits and credits for the customer to get a final amount of the price range required at closing.
Once the earnest cash is given to the vendor, it's going to best the agreement of sale. A payment will handiest be taken into consideration earnest cash if it constitutes as part of the purchase charge. The money might be refunded if the sale did not push thru.
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What do we mean by the main-sequence turnoff point of a star cluster, and what does it tell us?
The spectral type of the hottest main-sequence star in a stellar cluster serves as a proxy for the cluster's age.
What does a star cluster's main-sequence turnoff point mean and what does it tell us about the universe?We can determine the age of a star cluster by looking at the spectral type of the star in the cluster with the hottest main-sequence star. Main sequence turnoff is a reliable indicator of cluster ages.
The cluster's age is revealed by the main sequence switch off time. The luminosity, temperature, size, and rate of accretion off the main sequence of a star are all determined by its mass. It is good that this is the case since stars with similar masses will evolve at the same speed.
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A commonly used form of alternative dispute resolution used in the texas judicial system is known as?
Answer:
Alternative dispute resolution pro- cedures, commonly referred as ADR.
Explanation:
Hope this helps.
What was the traditional economic activity in ngoc ha village until recent years? automobile manufacturing construction information technology rice farming flower growing
The "flower village" that was formerly Ngoc Ha has all but disappeared due to fast development.
What is the traditional economy?Traditions, practices, and beliefs play a significant role in the production of goods and services in a traditional economy, as well as in the distribution of those commodities and services. These types of economies are frequently seen in rural, agrarian nations.
What is an example of a traditional economy?Children raised on farms, for instance, are more likely to become farmers as adults in a traditional economy. Instead of paying with money, they will trade the products they make, such as milk or leather, for the products they need, such as eggs and vegetables for nourishment.What are the activities connected to traditional economies?Traditionally, farming, fishing, hunting, and gathering have been the main sources of income. Customs and traditions typically take precedence over money in traditional economies. Traditional economies frequently depend on farming or hunting, fishing, and gathering.learn more about traditional economic activity here
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In explaining the evolutionary lineage of extinct birds, both authors make extensive use of which type of evidence?
The processes of Macroevolution and microevolution are essentially the same. The Diverse timelines represent different manifestations of the same evolutionary process. The Large-scale changes that identify new species or groups of organisms can result from microevolutionary processes that take place over thousands or millions of years.
The Macroevolution is the term used to describe significant changes that take place over a long period of time, like the emergence of new species and social groups. Small-scale changes that occur in populations over shorter durations and have an impact on just one or a few genes are referred to as the microevolution.
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When staging cancer, a ______ number indicates a less severe and less invasive cancer and a ______ number indicates a more severe and more invasive cancer.
When staging cancer, a LOWER number indicates a less severe and less invasive cancer and a HIGHER number indicates a more severe and more invasive cancer.
What do cancer antigen numbers mean?A cancer antigen number is also called a tumor marker. It is a number that indicates the amount of cancer antigen in the body. A cancer antigen is a protein made by cancer cells. Different types of cancer can make different types of antigensNormal range: < 2.5 ng/ml. Normal range may vary somewhat depending on the brand of assay used. Levels > 10 ng/ml suggest extensive disease and levels > 20 ng/ml suggest metastatic diseaseTo learn more about cancer indicator numbers, click the links.
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Phillip, a competitive, hot-tempered corporation president is a good example of a type _____ personality while henry, a relaxed, mellow mail carrier is a good example of a type _____ personality.
Phillip, a competitive, hot-tempered corporation president is a good example of a type A personality while henry, a relaxed, mellow mail carrier is a good example of a type B personality.
Type A and type B personality hypotheses describe two contrasting character kinds. On this speculation, personalities that are extra aggressive, fairly organized, formidable, impatient, tremendously aware of time management, or competitive are classified as type A, while more comfortable, less "neurotic", "frantic", and "receptive" personalities are classified kind B.
The 2 cardiologists who advanced this idea got here to accept as true that kind A personalities had an extra threat of developing coronary heart disorder.
Following the results of further research and great controversy about the function of the tobacco industry funding of early research in this location, some reject, either partially or completely, the hyperlink among kind A character and coronary disorder. Though, this research had a giant impact on the improvement of the health psychology discipline, in which psychologists look at how a man or woman's mental state influences physical health.
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What is a class of responses that often do not have the same form, but that typically have the same effect in a given context, called?
A generalized operant is a class of responses that often do not have the same form, but that typically have the same effect in a given context.
Generalized operants involve training embedded within other training. In other phrases, a generalized operant consists of within it different classes that can themselves feature as operants. in line with this view, consequently, contingencies organized for a few subclasses can also generalize to all the others.
Behavior that produces an impact on the environment and whose chance of recurrence is influenced via consequences. Operant behavior is almost synonymous with voluntary conduct.
Stimulus generalization occurs when a man or woman responds to stimuli that might be similar to the original conditioned stimulus. for example, the canine that becomes conditioned to drool upon listening to a clicking noise may additionally generalize that conduct to similar sounds, together with tapping and beeping noises
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What managerial level has information flow that is vertical, horizontal, and external?
Top managerial level has information flow that is vertical, horizontal, and external.
The top managerial level consists of the organization's board of directors and managing director or executive director. They are the ultimate source of power and authority as they oversee company goals, policies and procedures. There are four ways in which information flows within an organization: downward, upward, horizontally, and diagonally. The size, type, and structure of an organization determine the direction in which most information flows.
An information flow model differentiates between distinct working stages within a process, traces how information flows between that system, identifies the types of data elements that flow through the process, and represents the nature or manner of data access.
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The dalits women’s movements in india illustrates that even long-established practices can be?
The Dalits women’s movements in India illustrates that even long-established practices can be Challenged.
Who are Dalits in Indian society?
Dalits, also referred to as untouchables, are members of India's lowest caste hierarchy. Dalits were considered to form a fifth varna, also known as Panchama, and were thus barred from Hinduism's four other varnas.
What was Dalit movement explain?
A movement known as the Dalit movement aims to challenge the socio-cultural predominance of the higher castes. It is a mass movement that cries out for justice through speeches, books, plays, songs, cultural institutions, and any other means at its disposal.
What was the motto of Dalit movement?
"Education, Association, and Agitation" was the slogan of the Dalit movement.
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The brill building, which housed many music publishers, was located in what city?
The brill building, which housed many music publishers, was located in New York City.
The Brill Building, now an office building owned by Stonehenge Partners, is located at 1619 Broadway on 49th Street in New York, NY, in the heart of New York's music district. It is famous for housing the music industry offices and studios where some of America's most popular music was written. The Brill Building at 1619 Broadway in New York City was the epicenter of professionally written rock and roll. It re-emphasized the professional division of labor, with professional songwriters working closely with producers, artists and repertoire staff to match selected artists with the right songs. Experts in brill building often wrote with intelligence and wit, but rarely with substance.
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