How does the enthalpy of photosynthesis compare to the
enthalpy of cellular respiration?

The volume occupied by 22. 0 g of helium gas at 26. 0 ° C and 1. 20 atm of pressure is 112.37 L .

Calculation ,

According to ideal gas equation ,

PV = nRT        ....(i)

where P is the pressure = 1. 20 atm

V is the volume of the helium gas = ?

R is the universal gas constant = 0.082 atm L /K mol

T is the temperature of the gas =  26. 0 ° C = 299 K

n is the number of moles

Number of miles (n)  = given mass/ molar mass =22 g/4 = 5.5 moles

By putting the value of pressure , volume , temperature and  universal gas constant  in equation ( i) we get

1. 20 atm ×V = 5.5 moles × 0.082×299

V = 5.5 moles × 0.082×299/1. 20 atm = 112.37 L

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Answer:

a) club soda is a compound

b) Club soda is a manufactured form of carbonated water, commonly used as a drink mixer. Sodium bicarbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium citrate, or sodium citrate is artificially added to replicate constituents commonly found in natural mineral waters

Then the new pressure of the sample of nitrogen is  1.28 atm

So, option D is correct one.

Calculation,

Formula used : [tex]P_{1} V_{1} /T_{1} =P_{2} V_{2}/T_{2}[/tex]             (i)

Where , P is pressure and V is the volume

Given data,

[tex]P_{1}[/tex] = 3. 65 atm

[tex]V_{1}[/tex] = 21. 2 L

[tex]P_{2}[/tex] =

[tex]V_{2}[/tex] = 62. 6 L

[tex]T_{1}[/tex] = 22°C = 22+273 = 295 K

[tex]T_{2}[/tex] = 34°C = 34 +273 = 307 K

Putting the value of all data given in equation (i) we get,

3. 65 atm ×  21. 2 L/295 K = [tex]P_{2}[/tex] ×  62. 6 L / 307 K

[tex]P_{2}[/tex] = 3. 65 atm × 21. 2 L × 307 K/295 K × 62. 6 L = 1.28 atm

Then the new pressure the sample of nitrogen is  1.28 atm

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Answer:

Explanation: So, the atomic number is the number of protons present in an atom. For example, Helium's atomic number is 2, meaning it only has 2 protons. In most cases, the number of nuetrons and protons are equal, so Helium (usually) has 2 protons and 2 nuetrons - this is the nucleus. The atomic mass, or mass per nucleon is the proton and nuetron added together, so the atomic mass of Helium is about 4. Therefore, on the periodic table, as the atomic number increases by 1, the atomic mass increases by about 2 (the atomic mass is an average so it's not exact).

The value of Ksp for Ag₂CO₃ in the saturated solution will be 8.39 × 10⁻¹².

A saturated solution is the one in which the maximum amount of solute that a solvent can dissolve in it has been dissolved. If more solute is tried to be dissolved than the crystals of the solute will be present in the solution as they won't dissolve.

According to the solution,

[Ag⁺] = 2.56 × 10⁻⁴ M

In saturated solution,

Ag₂CO₃ + H₂O ⇒ 2Ag⁺ + CO₃²⁻

Ksp = [Ag⁺]² [CO₃²⁻]

[CO₃²⁻] = 1/2  [Ag⁺]

[Ag⁺] = 2.56 × 10⁻⁴ M

Therefore, [CO₃²⁻] = 1.28 × 10⁻⁴ M

Hence, Ksp = (2.56 × 10⁻⁴ M)² × (1.28 × 10⁻⁴ M)

Therefore, Ksp = 8.39 × 10⁻¹²

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Correct Answer: Boron family

Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry and STP conditions, Finally, a volume of H₂O of 134.4 L will be formed at STP.

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

2 C₆H₆ + 15 O₂  → 12 CO₂ + 6 H₂O

By reaction stoichiometry, the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

Standard pressure and temperature conditions are a set of standard pressure and temperature conditions for laboratory experimental measurements that are established to allow comparisons between different sets of measured data.

Pressure values at 1 atmosphere and temperature at 0 ° C are used and are reference values for gases. And in these conditions 1 mole of any gas occupies an approximate volume of 22.4 liters.

By reaction stoichiometry 2 moles of C₆H₆ form 6 moles of water or H₂O.

Now, you can apply the following rule of three: if by definition of STP conditions 1 mole of H₂O occupies a volume of 22.4 liters, 6 moles occupies how much volume?

volume= (6 moles× 22.4 L) ÷ 1 mole

volume= 134.4 L

Finally, 134.4 L of H₂O will be formed.

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N-Octanol and water are chosen because the connection between a substance's hydrophilicity and lipophilicity is measured by [tex]K_{OW}[/tex] (n-Octanol/Water partition coefficient). When a chemical is more dissolves in fat-like solvents like n-octanol, the value is more significant than one,  when it's more dissolved in water, the value is lower.

What is the partition coefficient?

So, N-Octanol is chosen because it has a carbon/oxygen ratio that is comparable to that of lipids and because it shows both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. N-octanol, therefore, resembles the makeup and characteristics of cells and other living things.

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According to Beer-Lambert's law, the solution allows for the passage of 3/4 of the incoming light intensity at that wavelength.

Calculation:

According to Beer-Lambert's law,

A = ∈ * C * l

A = log(I₀/I)

T = I₀/I

log (I₀/I) = ∈ * C * l

Here,

A= absorbance of the solution

l= path length= 2.67 mm = 0.267 cm (∵ 1mm = 0.1 cm)

T= transmittance

C= concentration of the given solution = 3.17mmol/L = 3.17* 10⁻³ mol/L

I= transmitted light

I₀= incident light

∈= molar absorption coefficient = 712 L mol⁻¹cm⁻¹

A = ∈ * C * l= 712 * 3.17 * 0.267 *10⁻³ = 602.63* 10⁻³ =0.602

T = [tex]10^{-A}[/tex] = [tex]10^{-0.602}[/tex] = 0.25

so, the percentage of transmittance = 0.25 * 100 = 25 %

Therefore, the intensity reduction will be equal to the original radiation intensity less the transmittance.

Give the initial intensity = 100

So, the reduction = 100 - 25 = 75.

Hence the fraction of incident light intencity= 75/100 = 3/4

Therefore the answer is 3/4.

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The pH of the solution is determined by the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH of the solution with 1.5 M NH4Cl and 0.50 M NaOH is 8.77.

The potential of the hydrogen ion in the given solution is called pH which determines the acidity and basicity of the solution.

Given

The molar concentration of 500 mL NH4Cl = 1.5 M

The molar concentration of 500 mL NaOH= 0.50 M

Kb (NH3) = 1.8 × 10 -5

First pOH is calculated as,

pOH = pKB + log [NH4Cl][NaOH]

= - log 1.8 × 10-5 + log [1.5][0.50]

= - log 1.8 × 10-5 + log [3]

= 4.744 + 0.477

= 5.221

Now, pH is calculated from pOH as,

pH + pOH = 14

pH = 14 – pOH

= 14 – 5.221

= 8.77

Thus we found that, 8.77 is the pH of the solution with 1.5 M NH4Cl and 0.50 M NaOH.

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The half-life of the substance is 3.106 years.

Here,

a = the initial amount of substance

1-r is the decay rate

x = time span

The equation is given in its correct form as follows:

a = [tex]a_{0}[/tex]×[tex](0.8)^{t}[/tex]

As this is an exponential decay of a first order reaction, t is an exponent of 0.8.

Now let's figure out the half life. Since the amount left is half of the initial amount at time t, that is when:

a = 0.5 a0

0.5[tex]a_{0}[/tex] = [tex]a_{0}[/tex]×[tex](0.8)^{t}[/tex]

0.5 = [tex](0.8)^{t}[/tex]

taking log on both sides

t log 0.8 = log 0.5

t = log 0.5/log 0.8

t = 3.106 years

The half-life of the substance is 3.106 years.

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The molality of the given solution is 5.67 mol/kg

You may calculate the molality of a solution to find out how many moles of solute you obtain per kilogram of solvent. Mol/kg is a typical molality measurement unit in chemistry. One molal is another way to refer to a solution with a concentration of 1 mol/kg. Molar mass must be represented in kg/mol rather than the more common g/mol or kg/kmol when using the unit mol/kg. The formula is as follows:

Molality = [tex]\frac{moles of solute}{kilogram of solvent}[/tex]

First we need to find moles of solute ;

moles of solutes = [tex]\frac{given mass}{molecular mass}[/tex]

moles = 125 / 80.0434

moles of solute = 1.56

Now, molality is ;

molality = 1.56 / 0.275

molality = 5.67 mol/kg

Therefore, The molality of the given solution is 5.67 mol/kg

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0.6 mol / L is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 36. 0 g of NaOH in enough water to make 1. 50 l of solution.

The amount of a substance in a specific volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The number of moles of a solute per liter of a solution is known as molarity. The molar concentration of a solution is another term for molarity.

The ratio employed to indicate the solution's concentration is called its molarity. Understanding a solution's molarity is important since it allows you to determine the actual concentration as well as whether the solution is diluted or concentrated.

Amount of NaOH = 36. 0 g

Amount of water = 1. 50 L

1 mol of NaOH = 40 g,

Moles of NaOH = 36. 0 / 40 g = 0.9 mol NaOH

Molarity of a solution = moles of solute / Liters of solution

Molarity of a solution = 0.9 / 1.50

Molarity of a solution = 0.6 mol / L

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The rules scientists will have to follow to give an element a symbol is by verifying it and naming it with a one-, or two-letter symbol which is usually derived from the name of the element.

This is referred to as substance which can't be broken down into simpler units by any form of chemical means.

When an element is discovered by an individual, it is best for it to be verified before it is named by the discoverer. The possible name for the element Jofrofrinium is Jo which is a two letter symbol or it could be J which is referred to as a one letter symbol.

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The metallic cu⁺ will not be formed to calculate percentage recovery.

What is percentage recovery?

Most commonly "percent recovery" in chemistry refers to the quantity of recovered substance following a purifying procedure. This purification procedure could involve anything from completely separating a particular ingredient to removing a molecule totally.

If we do not completely react the HNO₃ in the reacion mixture, it will not fully reduce Cu ions which will not form all the metallic copper or if at all its formed the quantity will be very low that we will use to calculate the percentage recovey at the end.

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By the use of stoichiometry, the mass of BaO in mixture is 0.06475 g.

From the question;

Mass of BaO in the mixture = x grams

Mass of MgO in the mixture = (6.35 - x) grams

Number of  moles of CO2 initially present;

PV = nRT

= ((750/760) × 3.50) / 0.0821 × 303

n= 0.139

Number of moles of CO2 at the end;

n= PV /RT

= ((245/760) × 3.5) / 303 × 0.0821

= 0.045 mole

Amount of CO2 reacted;

= 0.139 - 0.045

= 0.044 mole

Now;

amount of reacted CO2 = ( amount of BaO + amount of MgO)

amount of BaO in mixture = x / 153 mole

amount of MgO in mixture = 6.35 - x mole / 40

Hence;

= x/ 153 + 6.35/40 = 0.094

= x/153 + 6.35 / 40 - x/40 = 0.094

= x (1/40 - 1153) = (6.35/40 - 0.094)

= x × 10.018464

= 0.06475 g

Hence, the mass of BaO in mixture is 0.06475 g.

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45,849 calories are given off when 85 gram of steam condenses to liquid water.

Vaporization is always a highly endothermic (heat-absorbing) process because you must break all the intermolecular interactions present inside of the liquid phase.

So,

Q = mass × heat of vapourization

Q = m×ΔH[tex]_{vap}[/tex]

Q = 85 × 539.4

Q = 45,849 cal

Therefore, 45,849 calories are given off when 85 gram of steam condenses to liquid water.

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Triphenylcarbinol( or triphenylmethanol) gets its phenyl groups from phenylmagnesium bromide.

Synthesis of triphenylcarbinol:

A typical laboratory experiment for demonstrating the Grignard reaction is the synthesis of triphenylmethanol using methyl benzoate, benzophenone, and phenylmagnesium bromide. Diethyl carbonate is a possible starting material.

Characteristics:

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The equation for the formation of ethyl acetate from ethanol and acetic acid will be [tex]CH_{3} COOH (l) + C_{2} H_{5} OH(l)[/tex] ⇔ [tex]CH_{3} COOC_{2}H_{5} (aq) + H_{2}O (l)[/tex].

When ethanol reacts with acetic acid then it will form ethyl acetate.

Ethyl acetate was created through the esterification reaction between acetic acid and ethanol because once sulphuric acid would be present. Esterification is just the process by which a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to create an ester.

In a chemical process known as acetoacetic ester synthesis, ethyl acetoacetate would be alkylated at the -carbon between both carbonyl groups before being transformed into a ketone, or more precisely, acetone with a -substituted carbon.

Therefore, the equation for the formation of ethyl acetate from ethanol and acetic acid will be [tex]CH_{3} COOH (l) + C_{2} H_{5} OH(l)[/tex] ⇔ [tex]CH_{3} COOC_{2}H_{5} (aq) + H_{2}O (l)[/tex].

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When the hemiacetal of a saccharide (or a molecule made from a saccharide) combines with the hydroxyl group of another chemical, such as alcohol, a glycosidic bond, also known as a glycosidic linkage, is formed. Only sugars in cyclic forms, which have an anomeric carbon and can create a glycosidic bond, may do so.

The glucose units of glycogen, the main type of energy storage in animal cells, are connected by glycosidic linkages. They are the bonds that make up the strong exoskeletons of beetles, crabs, and lobsters as well as the cellulose that makes up the woody sections of plants and trees.

A sugar molecule connected to another molecule via an ether group is the outcome of a glycosidic connection. A chemical compound called an ether, which consists of an oxygen atom bound to two carbon atoms, is less reactive than other chemical compounds like alcohols. Glycosides are therefore typically more stable than free sugars.

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The mass percentage of KCl solution is 21.34%

Calculation,

Given molality of KCl aqueous solution =  3. 64  m =  3. 64 mole/ Kg

It means 3. 64 mole of solute present in 1Kg of solvent

or ,  3. 64 mole of solute present in 1000 g of solvent ( water )

Mass of solute ( KCl ) =  3. 64 mole×74.55 g/mole =271.3 g

The total mass of solution ( KCl + water ) = 271.3 g + 1000 g = 1271.3 g

Mass percentage is equal to percentage of mass of solute present in total mass of solution.

Mass percentage = 100×271.3 g/1271.3 g = 21.34%

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The activation of the serine/threonine protein kinase akt requires phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi 3-kinase) to create phosphorylated lipids that serve as docking sites that localize Akt to the plasma membrane.

Ak strain changing is the meaning of the word Akt. The term "Akt" first appeared in 1928, when J. Furth conducted research on mice that spontaneously generated thymic lymphomas.

An essential enzyme in the signaling pathway that controls how cells react to insulin as well as other growth stimuli is called phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). To create phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) at the plasma membrane, one such enzyme phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate in the third carbon in the molecule.

Therefore, The activation of the serine/threonine protein kinase akt requires phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi 3-kinase) to create phosphorylated lipids that serve as docking sites that localize Akt to the plasma membrane.

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Answer is plug-in hybrid cars also offer advantages and disadvantages. The primary benefit is range. Plug-in hybrid vehicles include a gasoline engine in addition to an electric motor, whereas an electric car can only go as far as its batteries will allow. Plug-in drivers benefit from having the best of both worlds as a consequence.

what is a electric vehicle?

An electric car is fully electric. Instead of a petrol tank, it has a battery, and an electric motor rather than an internal combustion one. If your batteries run out, there isn't a backup motor like in a hybrid electric vehicle. Many versions, nevertheless, offer space for an extra battery. The Nissan Leaf, Tesla Model S, and Ford Focus Electric are a few examples.

what is a plug in hybrid electric vehicle?

A plug-in hybrid electric car combines (or, if you prefer, is a hybrid of) an electric and gasoline-powered vehicle. They have a gas tank, an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, and a battery. You could say they have everything. Gasoline and electricity are both used as fuel in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The Chevrolet Volt, Toyota Prius Plug-in, and Cadillac ELR are a few examples.

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The molecular formula of a monosaccharide characterized as an aldotetrose is [tex]C_{5}H_{10} O_{5}[/tex].

Any monosaccharide, often known as simple sugar, is one of the fundamental substances that forms the basis of carbohydrates.

Some features of monosaccharide are-

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Sodium and chloride are the spectator ions in the reaction between aqueous zncl2 and aqueous na2co3.

Spectator ions are ions that are present on both sides of chemical reactions but do not take part in the reaction itself. The spectator ions on both sides of the equation are cancelled in the net chemical reaction. So, to "spectate" is to "see" the other ions in an aqueous solution interact with one another.

An ion known as a spectator is one that is present both before and after a chemical reaction but does not take part in it. Sodium is a spectator ion in an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, bleach): Na+ + HOCl + OH or OCl- + H2O -

Cross out the spectator ions after comparing the reactant and product sides. Observer ions are any dissolved ions that exhibit the same form on both sides.

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The compound that would have the highest osmotic pressure when dissolved in water is [tex]FeCl_{3}[/tex] .

So,  option D is correct one.

The dissociation of one molecule of  [tex]FeCl_{3}[/tex] gives the maximum number of ions when dissolved in water ( 4 ions ) . Osmotic pressure is a colligative property and depends upon number of solute particles present in the solution . The solution having maximum number of solute particles will have maximum number of the osmotic pressure .

All other given molecules gives less number of number of ions when dissolved in water as compare to of  [tex]FeCl_{3}[/tex] .

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Molecules of KCl and C6 H12 O6 molecules of KCl and C6, H 12, O6, will be present on dissolving equal amount of potassium chloride (KCl) and table sugar (C12H22O11) in the same container of water.

Dissolving the sugar within the water makes a homogenous aggregate and once dissolved an answer is made by the combination of a solute (sugar) and solvent. If a solute is a strong or liquid, growing the temperature will increase its solubility. as an example, greater sugar can dissolve in warm water than in cold water. If a solute is a gasoline, increasing the temperature decreases its solubility.

The solvent is the substance which commonly determines the physical state of the solution (stable, liquid or gas). The solute is the substance which is dissolved by means of the solvent. as an example, in an answer of salt and water, water is the solvent and salt is the solute.A supersaturated solution is an answer that contains greater than the maximum quantity of dissolved solute than a saturated solution below the identical conditions.

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The pH at the equivalence point for the titration of 0. 22 m HCN with 0. 22 m NaOH is 11.17

Calculation,

Concentration of NaCN = 0. 22 m/ 2 = 0.11 M ( at equal volumes of acid and base will be used).

The equilibrium is ,

HCN +[tex]H_{2} O[/tex]  → [tex]H^{+} + CN^{-}[/tex]

C(1-x)              Cx      Cx

Where x , is the degree of hydrolysis and

[tex]K_{h}[/tex] = C[tex]x^{2}[/tex]/(1-x)

We know that [tex]K_{h}[/tex] = [tex]K_{w}/K_{a}[/tex] = 1 ×[tex]10^{-14}[/tex]/4. 9 ×[tex]10^{-10}[/tex] =  2.04×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]

[tex]K_{h}[/tex] =  C[tex]x^{2}[/tex] =   2.04×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]  = 0.11 M×[tex]x^{2}[/tex]

[tex]x^{2}[/tex] =  2.04×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]/0.11 M

x = 1.36×[tex]10^{-2}[/tex]

[tex][OH^{-} ][/tex] = Cx =  1.36×[tex]10^{-2}[/tex] × 0.11 M = 0.15×[tex]10^{-2}[/tex]

[tex][H^{+} ][/tex] =  1 ×[tex]10^{-14}[/tex]/ 0.15×[tex]10^{-2}[/tex] = 6.66×[tex]10^{-12}[/tex]

pH = -㏒[tex][H^{+} ][/tex] = -㏒6.66×[tex]10^{-12}[/tex] = 11.17

The pH at the equivalence point for the titration is  11.17.

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Answer:

25.6 grams of ethanol in 32.5 ml of the substance.

Explanation:

The density of ethanol can be used as a conversion factor.  We know that:

Ethanol is 0.789 g/ml.  That becomes a conversion factor that we may write as (0.789 g/ml) and then convert either grams ethaanol or ml ethanol into the other unit.  We are given volume of ethanol:  32.5 ml.

Note that when we multiply (0.789 g/ml) by (32.5 ml) the ml unit cancels, leaving just grams.  That's what we want, so:

(0.789 g/ml)(32.5 ml) = 25.6 grams of ethanol in 32.5 ml of the substance.