Costs that have already been incurred and cannot be avoided regardless of what a manager decides to do are sunk costs.
A Sunk cost is what?Money that has already been spent and cannot be recouped is referred to as a sunk cost. The sunk cost phenomenon in business is an example of the notion that one must "spend money to make money." A sunk cost is distinct from potential future expenses a company can incur, such as choices on the price of products or the cost of purchasing inventories. Sunk costs are disregarded while making future business decisions since they won't change regardless of the choice made.Give an example of Sunk cost.Let's say XYZ Clothing produces baseball gloves. It leases a factory for $5,000 each month, and the machinery was paid in full for $25,000 before. The business makes a simple glove model for $50 and sells it for $70. The producer can make a $20 profit on each basic model sold. As an alternative, it can carry on with production while spending an additional $15 and sell a premium model glove for $90.The company weighs the $20 increase in revenue against the $15 additional cost when deciding whether to produce the premium glove to generate a $5 profit. The cost of the factory lease and the cost of the equipment are both buried expenses and are not taken into consideration when making decisions.Sunk costs become important costs and ought to be included in company choices on upcoming events if they can be removed at some point.Any sunk costs that have expiration dates should be taken into consideration, for instance, if XYZ Clothing is thinking about closing a production plant. XYZ Clothing weighs the revenue that would be lost if production stopped along with the expenditures that would also be eliminated when deciding whether to close the facility. If the factory lease expires in six months, the lease cost should be included as an item that can be reduced or eliminated since it is no longer a sunk cost. The plant should be shut down if the overall costs exceed the revenue.Learn more about Sunk cost here:
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The cumulative effect of the declaration and payment of a cash dividend on a company’s financial statements is to.
The cumulative effect of the declaration and payment of a cash dividend on a company's financial statements is to decrease both stockholder's equity and total assets.
What is the effect of declaration of dividends in the statement of changes in equity?
Dividends are not specifically part of stockholder equity, but the payout of cash dividends reduces the amount of stockholder equity on a company's balance sheet.
This is so because cash dividends are paid out of retained earnings, which directly reduces stockholder equity.
How are dividends treated in financial statements?
Cash or stock dividends distributed to shareholders are not recorded as an expense on a company's income statement.
Stock and cash dividends do not affect a company's net income or profit.
Instead dividends impact the shareholders' equity section of the balance sheet.
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Contractionary fiscal policy can be beneficial when the economy is growing at a greater rate than ____________.
Contractionary fiscal policy can be beneficial when the economy is growing at a greater rate than 2-3 per year.
What is Fiscal policy?
Any financial strategy that a country's government implements, whether by changing expenditure or taxing, is referred to as fiscal policy. Contractionary fiscal policy and expansionary fiscal policy are the two categories of fiscal policy. When the government taxes more than it spends, this is known as a contractionary fiscal policy. Fiscal expansion occurs when the government spends more than it collects in taxes. Monetary policy, which is a kind of financial influence carried out by a central bank (in the United States, the central bank is the Federal Reserve), generally takes the shape of rising or falling interest rates, goes hand in hand with fiscal policy.
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Contractionary financial coverage can be beneficial while the financial system is growing at a more charge than 3% Per year.
The contractionary economic policy stops the unemployment price from going under the highest quality stages, keeping it at what economists name “full employment,” which is when unemployment reaches its lowest point without inflicting inflation.
The authorities can use contractionary fiscal coverage to sluggish monetary activity through reducing government spending, growing tax revenue, or an aggregate of the two. lowering government spending tends to sluggish financial interest because the authorities purchase fewer items and offerings from the non-public zone.
The contractionary coverage reduces the variety of loanable funds inside the economy. as with any goods, greater scarcity ends in an extra rate, so the hobby charge, or the price of borrowing money, rises.
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To deliberately initiate culture change at company is an uphill struggle. Most employees tend to return to familiar ways of doing business. To succeed, executives need to?
To succeed in deliberately initiate culture change at company , the executives will need to create a sense of urgency, model the changes they wish to see, and show commitment to the new culture.
What is culture change?Cultural change is been used in the public policy in denoting the way society or the organization is been changed.
When this occurs, the society usually bring about new cultural traits as well as the behavior patterns, and social norms, hence, To succeed in deliberately initiate culture change at company , the executives will need to create a sense of urgency, model the changes they wish to see, and show commitment to the new culture.
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When merging two organizations, a separation strategy is most commonly applied when:_______.
When merging two organizations, a separation strategy is most commonly applied when the two organizations are operating in unrelated industries.
A bicultural audit has revealed that both the companies have very similar cultures. The acquired firm's culture doesn't work well , in relation to the culture of the acquiring firm does work.
Both companies have relatively weak cultures which are generally ineffective. One company which has an effective culture, when the culture of that company will be applied to them employees at the other company would embrace to it which will lead to huge problems.
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Eduardo needs to find information about income and age distribution in dallas county, texas. The best source of secondary research of use to eduardo is likely to be?
Eduardo needs to find information about income and age distribution in Dallas county, Texas. The best source of secondary research of use to Eduardo is likely to be the US census data.
What is the US census data?This is the data that is known to be made from the census that is taken in the country to determine the people of the nation that are in the country at that period of time. The census data is known to contain a lot of variables that help to determine the economic well being of that area.
This is secondary source of data. This is due to the fact that the data is already known to be existent in a place. It was not gotten directly by Eduardo in the field.
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When a dentist recommends a costly and unnecessary procedure, this is an example of?
Answer:
Veracity is the right answer.
What factors are used in the rule-of-thumb methods to determine the communication budget?.
Rule of thumb methods use two factors to determine the communication budget. These factors are prior sales and communication activities. These methods have several limitations but they are also easy to implement.
What are prior-sales activities?
These activities are also called the pre-sales activities and they are the ones which are performed before any product is sold to the customer. These activities include product research, market research, analysis of data and customer proposals etc…communication activities mainly include training the salesperson in a way that he can easily persuade the customer and explain the product content nicely. These activities can be of verbal and non-verbal kind. Example: sales pitch, e-mails, calls etc.To learn more about Rule-of-thumb visit: https://brainly.com/question/607952?
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Studs, joists, and ___ are manufactured by brake formign and punching galvanized coil and sheet stock
Studs, joists, and sections are manufactured by brake formign and punching galvanized coil and sheet stock. The phrase "cold-formed steel" (CFS) refers to steel products that have been produced using cold-working techniques that are performed at temperatures close to room the temperature, such as rolling, pressing, stamping, bending, etc.
Cold-rolled steel (CRS) stock bars and sheets are often utilized in all the production sectors. Hot-formed a steel and hot-rolled steel are contrasted by the terminology. The Cold-formed steel, particularly in the form of thin gauge sheets, is widely used in the construction industry. The built-up sections, and the other parts.
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If the fed wants the federal funds rate to be at if1, what quantity of reserves do they need to make available to banks?
If the fed wants the federal funds rate to be at if1, what quantity of reserves do they need to make available to banks is Qf1.
Given,
referring to the diagram in the image, the fed wants the federal funds rate to be at if1.
The Federal Open Market Committee's (FOMC) target interest rate is referred to as the federal funds rate (FOMC).
The rate at which commercial banks overnight lend and borrow each other's surplus reserves is the aim.
The FOMC, the Federal Reserve System's decision-making body, convenes eight times a year to determine the target federal funds rate, a component of its monetary policy.
This aids in fostering economic expansion.
When the amount of money demanded at the interest supplied, which is Qf1, the reserve fund supply or money supply from the fed curve is vertical at the quantity supplier equilibrium of an interest rate is feasible.
Hence, The Fed will provide Qf1 reserves.
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The inspection clause for ____contracts allows for the contracting officer to charge not only the cost of rework to the contractor but also any additional costs associated with re-inspection.
The inspection clause for fixed price contracts allows for the contracting officer to charge not only the cost of rework to the contractor but also any additional costs associated with re-inspection.
A cost reimbursement agreement requires the contracting officer to negotiate an "estimated total cost" and a flat rate payment to the contractor.
A key reason for the CoR to understand contracts and their organization is to know all contract requirements and deliverables. This knowledge helps CORs track contractor performance and ensure contractors comply with written contracts.
It is government policy to use design-based acquisition methods and personalized services (rather than non-personalized services) when procuring services. Interested parties can appeal to the government if they believe the contract was erroneously given to another company.
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What do modigliani and miller assert about the relationship between leverage and firm value in the presence of corporate taxes?
Modigliani and Miller assert that the value of the firm increases with leverage as the relationship between leverage and firm value in the presence of corporate taxes. This is further explained below.
What is leverage?Generally, In order to carry out an investment or a project, one might make use of leverage by borrowing money, also known as debt. The effect of this is to make the prospective rewards from a project more valuable. In the event that the investment does not provide the desired results, the potential negative risk will be multiplied due to the use of leverage.
In conclusion, According to Modigliani and Miller's research, the connection between leverage and firm value in the presence of corporate taxes is such that an increase in leverage results in a rise in the business's worth.
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The goal of _____ analysis is determining what is responsible for the difference between employees’ current and expected levels of performance.
The goal of gap analysis is determining what is responsible for the difference between employees’ current and expected levels of performance.
A gap analysis is a process which allows different organizations to determine how to acheive their business goals in the best possible way. It compares the current state with an ideal state or goals of the organization, which highlights the shortcomings and opportunities for improvement.
Many tools are in existence which helps you in bridging the gap between two . Whichever tool will be chosen by you, visualize and document each step of your gap analysis to keep the organization moving forward.
SWOT analysis is an example of tool used for the gap analysis.
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The wood master industries (the manufacturer) has agreed to accept $23,500 at the end of each of the next 4 years. based on this deal, how much interest will grummet pay over the life of the loan?
Purchase price=$80,000
Total amount to be paid in the next 4 years(including principle and interest amount)=$23,500/year*4 years=$94,000
Total interest grummet will pay over 4 years would be the total amount to be paid in the next 4 years less purchase price(principle), ie.94000-80000=$14,000
In finance and economics, interest is the amount paid by a borrower or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor in excess of the repayment of the principal at a specified rate. It is different from a fee that a borrower can pay to a lender or a third party. Wikipedia
Interest is the price paid for borrowing money or the cost charged for lending money. Interest is usually given as an annual percentage of the loan amount. This percentage is called the interest rate on the loan. For example, if you deposit money in a savings account, the bank will pay you interest.
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The fundamental relationship between economic value creation and competitive advantage is?
The fundamental relationship of economic value creation to competitive advantage is that an increase in one will leads to another. Due to that, we can say that other competitors’ economic value creation will decrease. These changes will lead to a relative shift in cost structure and a shift in consumers’ behavior to pay more.
Competitive markets deal with homogenous products and with too many producers and due to that no one producer can create a monopoly. As in monopoly, the market deals with non-homogenous products with single or few producers.
Further descriptions are below here about the relationship between value creation and competitive advantages:
Fundamental in strategic managementProvides the foundation upon which to formulate a firm's competitive strategy for cost leadership or differentiationA firm has a competitive advantage when it creates more economic value than rival firms.For more content like this visit:
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Being promoted is likely to change your priorities because you will have _______. a. to begin dressing and acting much more formally than usual b. new responsibilities to learn and people will expect much from you c. people working under you who need constant supervision d. seen that your family is less important than your work please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The correct option is b. new responsibilities to learn and people will expect much from you.
Getting promoted is most likely to cause you to reevaluate your priorities as you will have more obligations and higher expectations.
What is job promotion?Promotion in the context of a career means raising a worker's position or rank within a hierarchical structure. Promotion in the context of marketing denotes a distinct form of advancement.
The term "promotion" is used in a variety of settings; two of the most common ones are when talking to a career promotion and when discussing the marketing strategy of promoting a product.
Some key features of promotion are-
An employee who has demonstrated remarkable performance or who has acquired the required skills and knowledge to take on more responsibility at work is typically given a job promotion. In the latter scenario, the worker might have to put in a certain number of hours with the organization before becoming qualified for a promotion.For instance, a person who starts out as an analyst at an investment bank might need to serve three years in the this capacity before being given consideration for promotion to a coordinate and control. A promotion may come with increased perks and management control over other employees in addition to a pay raise.To know more about promotion, here
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The general consensus in the marketing research industry is that secondary data collection methods are losing their significance.
a. True
b. False
False. Secondary data collection methods are not losing their significance. Market research is practice of evaluating viability of a new service or product by interviewing prospective customers firsthand. Although it is frequently utilized for research papers, secondary data can also be used in marketing.
Market research enables a business to identify target market and obtain consumer comments and other input regarding their interest in good or service. Data that was previously gathered for a purpose other than current investigation is referred to as secondary data. It consists of information that has previously been gathered, usually by another person or group.
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Mary has taxable income of $40,000, with short-term capital gains of $2,500. what will be her capital gains tax rate and tax owed?
The correct answer is a 22% tax rate with $550 in taxes owed.
Short-term capital gainsMary has taxable earnings of $40,000 which imply that Mary falls into the tax bracket of capital gains tax of 22% for taxable income between $38,601 and $425,800.
The number of capital gains tax payable is the capital gains itself multiplied by the percentage applicable of 15%, not the entire taxable income since that consisted of other income from other sources aside from capital gains.
22%*$2500=$550
the rationale is that short-term capital gains are taxed at the income tax rate.
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The organizations likely to benefit the most from the global reach of e-commerce are those that:.
The organizations likely to help the most from the global reach of e-commerce exist those that: formerly depended on foot traffic into one physical store to sell their products.
What is e-commerce?E-commerce (electronic commerce) stands for the buying and selling of goods and services, or the transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, especially the internet. These business transactions happen either as business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer, or consumer-to-business. E-commerce exists in the action of electronically buying or selling products on online services or over the Internet. Ecommerce can be described as the buying and selling of goods electronically online. It is prevalent because of the many advantages of e-business -internet commerce, electronic funds transfer, mobile commerce – this exists broken up into two parts.
Global Reach guides a business initiative to improve the access between a company and their current and potential customers via the usage of the Internet. The organizations likely to help the most from the global reach of e-commerce exist those that: formerly depended on foot traffic into one physical store to sell their products.
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A(n) ________ offers members focused discussion groups, help, information, and knowledge related to an area of shared practice.
A(n) practice network offers members focused discussion groups, help, information, and knowledge related to an area of shared practice.
The idea of the network of practice was created by John Seely Brown and Paul Duguid and is frequently referred to as NoP. This idea, which is connected to Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger's work on communities of practice, refers to the entire collection of various kinds of informal, emergent social networks that enable information sharing between people with practice-related goals.
In other words, networks of practice include electronic networks of practice as well as communities of practice where learning takes place (often referred to as virtual or electronic communities).
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As a response to potential bankruptcy, who took over the daily management of flint, mi in 2011?
As a response to potential bankruptcy, Michael Brown, an emergency manager took over the daily management of flint, in 2011.
The Flint water crisis started with a bankrupt city trying to save money. It ended with the declaration of a federal state of emergency after as many as 8,000 children were exposed to a poisonous element that will have lifelong effects on their brain and nervous systems.
Even before the lead crisis, Flint was struggling. About 40 percent of its residents live in poverty. Gov. Rick Michigan Snyder had appointed Michael Brown an emergency manager, an unelected official with near-total control over the city's finances, because Flint was near bankruptcy.
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The use of an information system to support the sharing of content among networks of users related by common interests is termed __________.
The use of an information system to support the sharing of content among networks of users related by common interests is termed as social media information system.
How are social media communities formed?
Social media communities are formed based on mutual interests and transcend familial, geographic, and organizational boundaries. The number of second- and first-tier community members on a social media site reduces exponentially.Learn more about social media information system here:
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What is a type of agreement that allows a foreign firm to market and sell a u.s. company products in a foreign country?
An international licensing agreement allows foreign firms, either exclusively or non-exclusively, to manufacture a proprietor's product for a fixed term in a specific market.
What is an international trade agreement?
International trade between two or more countries is governed by trade agreements. An agreement may cover all imports and exports, a specific class of items, or only one. Approximately 320 trade agreements between the United States and several countries are currently active.
What is the purpose of international trade agreement?
The major objectives of trade agreements for the United States are to lower export barriers, safeguard American interests that compete abroad, and strengthen the rule of law in the FTA partner nation or countries. The US now has 14 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with 20 nations.
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When filing your tax return, what is the maximum amount you can deduct for a capital loss?.
When filing your tax return, $3,000 is the maximum amount you can deduct for a capital loss
What is tax?A tax is a mandatory financial charge or other sort of levy imposed by a governmental entity on a taxpayer in order to fund government spending and related public expenses.
A tax deduction is a provision that lowers the amount of taxable income. A standard deduction is a single, fixed-amount deduction. Itemized deductions are popular with higher-income taxpayers because they frequently have considerable deductible expenses such as state/local taxes paid, mortgage interest, and charitable contributions.
The effective tax rate is the percentage of an individual's or corporation's income that is paid in taxes. The effective tax rate for individuals is the average rate at which their earned income, such as wages, and unearned income, such as stock dividends, are taxed.
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The relationship between the tax rate and the amount of tax revenue collected is called the ______ curve. This curve shows that ______
The relationship between the tax rate and the amount of tax revenue collected is called the Laffer curve. This curve shows the tax revenue.
Total tax revenue is the product of the tax base times the tax rate. In the current tax system, balance and assets are the main sources of tax revenue. The tax rate is the amount of tax attributed to each unit of the taxable base.
The Laffer Curve is a theory formulated by supply-side economist Arthur Laffer to illustrate the relationship between tax rates and the amount of tax revenue collected by the government. This curve is used to illustrate the argument that lower tax rates can lead to higher overall tax revenues.
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Despite interlocking import quotas, tariffs, and nontariff barriers, the share of apparel sold in the united states that is imported rose from about _________ in 1999 to about ________ today.
Despite interlocking import quotas, tariffs, and nontariff barriers, the share of apparel sold in the united states that are imported rose from about 50% in 1999 to about 75% today.
An interlocking is a configuration of signal equipment used in railroad signalling to stop opposing movements at intersections or crossings of tracks. An interlocking plant is a term that is occasionally used to refer to both the signalling devices and the rails. A signal to advance cannot be displayed at an interlocking unless the intended path has been determined to be safe. Connected in a way that the components coordinate their actions to function as a single unit.
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What are the four high level principles of pmi code of ethics?
The four high level principles of PMI code of ethics are responsibility, respect, fairness, and honesty.
PMI's Code of Ethics applies those values to the real-life practice of project management, where the best outcome is the most ethical one. All PMI volunteers, members, certification holders and certification applicants must comply with the code.
PMI code of ethics includes four high level principles which are responsibility, respect, fairness, and honesty. The purpose of this code of ethics is to instill confidence in the project management profession and to help an individual become a better practitioner.
Hence, the answer is given and explained above.
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Infrastructure is the foundation necessary to build a city, tourism program, or a sustainable tourism business and includes which elements?
Infrastructure is the foundation necessary to build a city, tourism program, or sustainable tourism business and includes roads, Water, Sewage, Communication, and stores.
Infrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or another area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy. The infrastructure of a country, society, or organization consists of basic facilities such as transportation, communications, power supplies, and building.
Basically speaking, infrastructure means "the fundamental facilities and systems that serve an area," although if you're referring strictly to construction, then it would be the beams, foundation, etc.
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Lower-level managers are empowered to make decisions in a ______ organization, which can ________ motivation and job satisfaction.
Lower- level managers are empowered to make decisions in a decentralized organization, which can increase motivation and job satisfaction.
What is decentralized organisation ?
A company with a decentralized organizational structure is one where mid- and lower-level managers make most of the decisions, rather than the senior management team. Sometimes the employees themselves are even involved in the decision-making process. The opposite of a decentralized organization is a centralized one, where the highest-ranking leaders within the company make all major decisions, and there is a strict decision-making hierarchy. Most companies are not fully decentralized or centralized, having various degrees of both instead.
Some of the main situations where decentralized organization works well include:
When a company has different points of contact with its customers and each requires highly individualized customer service.When an organization has a large number of different store locations and its upper management cannot monitor all of them and make important decisions for them.When the market for a specific product is fast-paced and there is intense competition, so all decisions need to be made as quickly as possible.Where new developments constantly alter the business model, making centralized control less effective.Centralized organization :
A centralized organization is an organization that has a consolidated management system with decisions made by the top management then trickling down the chain of command to reach the organization's employees. Centralized organizations are distinguished by specific characteristics, which include;
The management has a top-down approach where the subordinates follow orders without question.The organization has a well-established bureaucracy with a distinct chain of command.All the decisions are centrally made, and the opinions of subordinates are hardly considered.Learn more about decentralized organisation :
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The role of the Product Owner is most closely aligned with which Agile Manifesto principle? Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility
The role of the Product Owner is most closely aligned with which Agile Manifesto principle is continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility.
Who is product owner?A product owner is the one who gives details of customer need to his organization, thereby developing a product that suit such need.
In other words, he is an integral member of agile, whose work is to provide clarity in terms of product development. He is also responsible for creating user stories whilst also overseeing how products are developed from scratch to the end inorder to ensure they meet the demand of their customers.
Finally, the role of product owner is to ensure that the best products are created and made available to final users.
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A project has a required return of 12. 6 percent, an initial cash outflow of $42,100, and cash inflows of $16,500 in year 1, $11,700 in year 2, and $10,400 in year 4. what is the net present value?
Net present value is $11,748.69
Here, We have
PV = FV / (1+r)^n
r = 12.6%
1. PV = $16,500 x (1+12.6%)^-1 = $14,654
2 PV = $11,700 x (1+12.6%)^-2 = $9,228
3 PV = $10,400 x (1+12.6%)^-4 = $6,470
Year Cash flow Present Value
0 ($42,100) ($42,100)
1 $16,500 $14,654
2 $11,700 $9,228
4 $10,400 $6,470
NPV = $11,748
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