The capacity of stress to inhibit immune system would predispose an organism to develop an infectious illness.
How stress and immunity related?
Stress and the immune system have a dynamic relationship. Stress may lead to a reduction in the amount of the body's natural killer cells, or lymphocytes, which are white blood cells that aid in the fight against infection. The lower your lymphocyte count, the more vulnerable you are to viruses and infections, including those that cause the common cold and cold sores.Learn more about the stress on immune system with the help of the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/13373991
#SPJ4
Organisms that live in deciduous forests have developed unique adaptations that aid in their survival. which adaptation would be seen in the duckbilled platypus? a. the duckbilled platypus reaches an adult length of 3 to 4 feet. b. the duckbilled platypus lives near forests. c. the duckbilled platypus gives birth to live young. d. males have venom glands on a spur on their hind feet. please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Option (B) the duckbilled platypus lives near water is the correct option.
Adaptations are certain modifications that an organism brings in itself to survive in the conditions around it. The duckbilled platypus lives close to a body of water as an adaptation to survive in the deciduous forests.
Why does a duckbilled platypus lives near water?
The semi-aquatic lifestyle fits the duckbilled platypus nicely. They dig burrows to protect themselves from predators and live in water. To protect themselves from dangerous predators, they reside close to water. They have a swimming-friendly sleek body, and their thick water-resistant fur acts as insulation against the changing temperatures in deciduous forests.
To know more about duckbilled platypus visit:
https://brainly.com/question/240963
#SPJ4
The question is understood as
Organisms that live in deciduous forests have developed unique adaptations that aid in their survival. which adaptation would be seen in the duckbilled platypus?
a. the duckbilled platypus reaches an adult length of 3 to 4 feet.
b. the duckbilled platypus lives near water.
c. the duckbilled platypus gives birth to live young.
d. males have venom glands on a spur on their hind feet.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
What would occur if a lipid-insoluble ca2 channel antagonist was applied to cardiac contractile cells?
What would occur if a lipid-insoluble ca2 channel antagonist was applied to cardiac contractile cells?
Independent of electrical stimulation, a2+ would enter the cell and encourage Ca2+ release from the SR to cause more frequent heart muscle contractions.
What is cardiac contractile cells?The majority (99 percent) of the cells in the atria and ventricles are cardiac contractile cells. During contractions that pump blood throughout the body, contractile cells carry out impulses. The conduction system of the heart is made up of myocardial conducting cells, which make up 1% of all cells. They are typically much smaller than contractile cells, with the exception of Purkinje cells, and contain significantly less myofibrils or filaments than contractile cells. Despite being specialized muscle cells, they perform many of the same tasks as neurons. The electrical impulse known as an action potential, which travels throughout the heart and causes cardiac contractions that move blood forward, is started and spread by myocardial conduction cells.
To learn more about cardiac contractile cells from the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/20540623
#SPJ4
Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called ________ fatty acids.
Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called gluconeogenesis fatty acids.
What is gluconeogenesis?The process of producing glucose (sugar) from lipid (fat) or protein breakdown products, as well as from its own breakdown products. Gluconeogenesis primarily takes place in liver or kidney cells.The process of producing glucose in the body from non-carbohydrate precursors is known as gluconeogenesis. New glucose is produced by biosynthesis, not through the ingestion of carbohydrates. Lactate, pyruvate, glycerol (fat), and certain amino acids can all be converted into glucose (protein).Both the kidneys and the liver engage in glucose synthesis. Between meals, gluconeogenesis meets the need for plasma glucose. The hormones that cause diabetes encourage the production of glucose (glucagon, growth hormone, epinephrine, and cortisol). Glycerol, lactate, propionate, and a few amino acids are examples of gluconeogenic substrates.Learn more about gluconeogenesis here:
https://brainly.com/question/13895901
#SPJ1
When circulating _____ levels are too high, production of parathyroid hormone is _____.
When circulating calcium levels are too high, production of parathyroid hormone is inhibited.
What is the role of parathyroid hormone in calcium metabolism?There are four parathyroid glands in the neck, behind the thyroid, which are tiny glands that emit the hormone parathyroid. The main way that parathyroid hormone controls blood calcium levels is by raising them when they are too low. This is accomplished by the way it affects the colon, bones, and kidneys.
The basic mechanism controlling parathyroid hormone is the parathyroid glands' negative feedback from blood calcium levels. High calcium levels in the blood restrict the release of parathyroid hormone, while low calcium levels in the blood encourage the secretion of parathyroid hormone.
I understand the question you are looking for is this:
When circulating _____ levels are too high, the production of parathyroid hormone would be _____.
A. glucose; inhibited
B. calcium; inhibited
C. calcium; stimulated
D. cortisol; inhibited
E. glucose; stimulated
Learn more about parathyroid hormone here:
https://brainly.com/question/9225070
#SPJ4
Example of how muscle tissue could be used in post-mortem analysis
Answer:
Skeletal muscle decomposes more slowly than internal organs and nerve tissue after death, but still more quickly than cartilage and bone.
Together, these factors make muscle tissue a good candidate for postmortem change study and well-suited for standard forensic lab examination.
During the catalase lab, tubes containing which combination of enzyme and substrate will cause bubbles (product is water and oxygen) to form?
During the catalase lab, tubes containing which combination of enzyme and substrate will cause bubbles (product is water and oxygen) to form catalase and hydrogen peroxide
Depending on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, catalase causes an initial rapid evolution of oxygen that lasts for two minutes or less. Following that, oxygen is released at a constant rate that gradually falls over the course of an hour.
Hydrogen peroxide, the enzyme catalase's substrate, begins to decompose into water and oxygen when it comes into contact with the enzyme. Since oxygen is a gas and wants to leave the liquid, it tries to do so.
Insufficient buffering causes the catalase reaction to diminish as hydrogen peroxide concentration rises. In addition, as peroxide concentration rises, the proportionality between the enzyme and oxygen released also tends to become less uniform.
To learn more about hydrogen peroxide and catalase please visit-
https://brainly.com/question/13061693
#SPJ4
Which of the following correctly describes the process of Translation?
I. tRNA anticodon bonds to mRNA codon
II. Ribosome bonds to mRNA strand
III. Ribosome reaches a STOP codon and detaches from the mRNA
IV. Each tRNA adds an Amino Acid to the chain as the Ribosome moves along the mRNA
V. Complimentary mRNA strand is made from DNA template
A. V, II, I, IV, III
B. II, I, IV, III
C. V, I, IV, III
D. II, IV, III, I, V
The correct option is B- II,I,IV,III represents the process of translation and V represents the process of transcription.
II. Ribosome bonds to mRNA strand
I. tRNA anticodon bonds to mRNA codon
IV. Each tRNA adds an Amino Acid to the chain as the Ribosome moves along the mRNA
III. Ribosome reaches a STOP codon and detaches from the mRNA
What is transcription and translation?Transcription is the name given to the formation of RNA from a strand of DNA, with the “copy” of the information contained in the DNA to the RNA. This process is extremely important, as the information transcribed to the RNA molecule is translated into the formation of proteins.
Protein synthesis (translation) takes place in the cytoplasm and consists of reading the mRNA. The process involves three steps known as: initiation, elongation and termination. Synthesis begins (initiation step) when the smaller subunit of a ribosome and a specific tRNA associate with an mRNA.
With this information, we can conclude that Transcription is the formation of RNA from a strand of DNA, with the “copying” of the information contained in the DNA to the RNA.
Learn more about transcription and translation in brainly.com/question/16305501
#SPJ1
The tissue that makes up the spinal cord and brain consists of Multiple Choice neurons only. platelets and neuroglia. platelets only. neurons and platelets. neurons and neuroglia.
The brain and spinal cord are composed of neurons and neuroglia.
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord which is made of nervous tissue.
The nervous tissue comprises neuron and neuroglia cells. Neurons are cells that can transmit signals through action potential. There are three types of the neuronal present in the CNS. They are sensory neurons, motor neurons and interneurons.
The neuroglial cells are the supporting cells which possess many specialized functions to support, protect and nourish neurons.
There are six types of neuroglia cells present in the CNS. They are astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, satellite cells and schwann cells.
Learn more about Neurons and neuroglia on
https://brainly.com/question/5755608
#SPJ1
A nutritional drink was said to contain simple sugars and proteins. Describe how you could find out if these food substances were present in the drink
Answer:
2. If critical thinking is so important, why is it that uncritical thinking is so
common? Why is it that so many people including many highly educated and
intelligent people observed to be uncritical one? Discuss the reasons?
E. coli is a species of bacteria that causes many different infections in humans. certain e. coli strains have developed resistance to antibiotics, making infections with these strains difficult to treat. how do bacteria such as e. coli, which reproduce asexually, gain new traits such as antibiotic resistance?
By mutating their DNA in response to environmental conditions to gain beneficial traits, reproduce asexually, gain new traits such as antibiotic resistance.
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria denotes the bacteria's incapacity to be treated by an antibiotic, which means the antibiotic's effectiveness against the bacteria is either abolished or diminished.What environmental factors could cause DNA to mutate?
If mistakes are made and not fixed right away. Additionally, exposure to environmental elements including smoking, sunshine, and radiation can result in mutations.
Which type of mutation depend on the condition of the environment?
Somatic mutagenesis
Therefore, a large portion of an organism may have the same mutation. These kinds of mutations, which can result in diseases like cancer, are typically brought on by environmental factors like ultraviolet radiation or any exposure to certain dangerous substances.What is a mutation that is beneficial?
A type of mutation known as a beneficial mutation affects an organism in a favorable way. These mutations are uncommon but important.Learn more about mutation
brainly.com/question/17130462
#SPJ4
Burning wood is a reverse reaction of photosynthesis. knowing this, what products would be formed?
Water and carbon dioxide are formed when Burning wood is a reverse reaction of photosynthesis.
The chemical process of photosynthesis is the reverse of combustion and cellular respiration. During photosynthesis, light energy converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Respiration is said to be the reverse of photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, solar energy is harvested as chemical energy in a process that converts water and carbon dioxide to glucose. Oxygen is released as a byproduct.
To learn more about photosynthesis , here
https://brainly.com/question/1388366
#SPJ4
What happens to acetylcholine (ach) after it is released from the presynaptic membrane?
The acetylcholine (ach) gets broken down and the choline is reabsorbed.
The presynaptic membrane formed by the terminal button of an axon which faces the cell membrane of neuron or muscle fiber. Axon may have infrequent branches which are called axon collaterals. Thus, axons and axon collaterals terminate in many short branches or telodendria.
The release of ACh transpire through Ca2+ stimulated docking, fusion, and fission of the vesicle with the nerve terminal membrane. However, the ACh, is an enzyme in the synaptic cleft as well as, ACh diffuses across the synaptic cleft.
When acetylcholine (ACh) is released from the nerve endings upon action potential-driven depolarization, triggers postsynaptic response.
To learn more about acetylcholine (ach) here
https://brainly.com/question/19581612
#SPJ4
What other food groups or nutrients are lacking in mrs. f's usual diet? would you have given any of them a higher priority than protein? why or why not?
From the question it seems that Mrs.f has lack of protein in her usual diet which may cause problem for her .so the food groups and the nutrients which have high calorific value than protein or the food which which is very very high high in protein i would like to suggest her .
As protein plays a vital role in human body ,so everyone follows a diet which includes high protein in their day to day life .
What is Protein ?The protein is that we eat are made up of different amino acids . and these amino acids are what the body uses for various functions ,from certain hormones to building specific proteins within the body . there are 20 amino acids that make up proteins and each one is categorized as essential and non-essential .
Protein promotes the satiety , reduce risk of high blood pressure ,support injury recovery ,reduce the risk of developing sarcopenia and help to keep the immune system functioning .
The protein rich food are as follows :
1. lean beef : including leef bean in your diet not only provides your body with high protein but also provides nutrients like zinc and iron .22 grams of protein in a plate .
2. chicken : chicken packs a punch in the protein department .27 grams of protein in a bowl.
3.salmon : salmon may be the healthy fats that support heart health.19 grams of protein .
4.eggs : it has high protein value .6 grams protein per large egg .
5.peanut butter : peanut butter is a plant based protein .7 grams protein per 2 tablespoons .
6.lentils: they are not only loaded with protein but also they have properties like antioxidant ,fiber ,vitamins ,and minerals .18 grams of protein in one cup of cooked lentils.
7. other than that food like green vegetables which includes carrot, broccoli ( which is rich in calcium ,iron ,phosphorous ,potassium and zinc) .other like spinach ,avocado ,bell peppers ,meat liver ,fish oil ,bananas .
Also include much intake of water and minerals .
Learn more about Protein here:
brainly.com/question/10058019
#SPJ4
Enzymes are catalysts in reactions. what statements describe functions of enzymes?
Enzymes are catalysts in reactions. The following statements describe functions of enzymes:-
Enzymes assist in speeding up chemical reactions in the body.Enzymes function by reducing the activation energy of a reaction, hence increasing the rate of reaction. This is achieved through binding to a substance known as the substrate. The substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme. The active sites are clefts located on the surface of an enzyme and are made up of of amino acids from different parts of the polypeptide chain brought together in the tertiary structure of the folded protein. The substrate binds to the active site through noncovalent interactions which include hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Enzymes are not destroyed during the process, thus, a cell can reuse each enzyme constantly.To learn more about Enzymes here
https://brainly.com/question/17320375
#SPJ4
Population projections estimate that by 2050 we will reach a world population of 11 billion. the world already faces issues feeding the 7 billion people that currently live here. should genetically modified organisms be used to help meet the world’s food needs?
Yes, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) should be used to help meet the world’s food needs but with taking care of all the ethical concerns.
What are genetically modified organismsOrganisms whose genetic material i.e. genes are being modified by certain molecular biology techniques are known as genetically modified organisms. The genes which are manipulated or modified are known as transgenes therefore these organisms are also known as transgenic organisms.
Why should they be used to help meet the world’s food needs?As the world’s population is rapidly increasing, there is a need for new technologies which can help meet this challenge. Currently, the agriculture which is practiced today is not sustainable, a lot of herbicides and pesticides are being used which has led to massive destruction of the lands.
So, genetically modified organisms become a solution to it.
To know more about genetically modified organisms visit:
https://brainly.com/question/27310003
#SPJ4
As the Earth continues to warm, we would expect mosquito-transmitted diseases to ____ range.
A. increase in
B. decrease significantly in
C. maintain their
D. decrease slightly in
Answer:
Option b
Explanation:
Hope it helps
brainlest answer pls
Scientists contend that humans and modern apes are related. What specifically does that mean?.
Assuming that you followed the parentage of people and primates, you would sooner or later show up at a common precursor that was neither a cutting edge ape nor a human.
What makes humans different from other Apes?People have an "S" shapes spine with a more limited straight firm more extensive more bowl-like pelvis. While Apes have a "C" formed spine and an introvert restricted pelvis.People knees are calculated inwards (valgus point - the point the femur makes at the knee) so the knee sits closer the focal point of gravity. The knee joints are bigger.Individuals have considerably more mind boggling types of verbal correspondence than some other primate species. We are the main creature to make and involve images for the purpose of correspondence. We additionally have more changed and complex social associations.To learn more about humans and apes from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/9824947
#SPJ4
Dab most likely inhibits which reaction?a. phosphorylation of glucose. phosphorolysis of glycogen. export of lactate from cellsd. hydrolysis of glycogen
Dab most likely inhibits phosphorolysis of glycogen reaction.
What is phosphorolysis?Inorganic phosphate acts as the attacking group during phosphorolysis, which is the cleavage of a molecule. It's comparable to hydrolysis.A reversible process akin to hydrolysis where phosphoric acid behaves like water and produces phosphate as a byproduct.It's comparable to hydrolysis. Glycogen phosphorylase, which catalyzes the assault of inorganic phosphate on the terminal glycosyl residue at the nonreducing end of a glycogen molecule, is an example of this.The difference is that while reactions involving hydrolysis use water to split larger molecules into smaller ones, reactions involving phosphorolysis use phosphate to achieve the same result. The primary enzyme in utilizing the glycogen reserves in the muscle and liver is known as glycogen phosphorylase. It catalyzes the sequential phosphorolysis of glycogen to liberate glucose-1-phosphate.Learn more about phosphorolysis here:
https://brainly.com/question/21882419
#SPJ4
What explains why the abdomen of the drop keeping mosquito is cooler than the head
A Final statement or concluding statement
The mosquito uses evaporative cooling to stay cool. A noticeable temperature gradient can be seen along the mosquito's body as a result of the abdomen's temperature falling due to the retention of the fluid drop attached to it. They are able to avoid the harmful physiological effects of thermal stress thanks to this drop in temperature.
How does weather affect mosquito?Mosquitoes go dormant at 50 degrees or lower. However, the mosquitoes are not actually killed by the cold winter temperatures. Mosquitoes have established modifications that enable them to hibernate during cold conditions, as long as the temperature is within a typical range for your region. Some species, which would perish in the cold, have reproductive techniques that allow the eggs to live and hatch the next season when the weather warms up. Even in Alaska, mosquito problems exist.
To learn more about Mosquitoes and insects from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/1501201
#SPJ4
It is confusing that genes and proteins are given the same name, such as epas1. let’s sort them out with the basics. a gene is a section of what type of molecule?
It is confusing that genes and proteins are given the same name, such as epas1. A gene is a section of DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid.
A gene is the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. Genes contain instructions which directs the cells to synthesize molecules called proteins. Proteins perform various functions in the body required for maintenance of health of an individual.
The EPAS1 gene, also called as HIF2A , delivers instructions for the synthesis of a protein known as hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF-2α). This protein is a part or subunit of a larger protein complex called HIF, which plays a crucial role in the body's capacity to adjust to dynamic oxygen levels.
To learn more about DNA here
https://brainly.com/question/264225
#SPJ4
Boosting photosynthesis what are two reasons that research was significant
A client has undergone a left hemicolectomy for bowel cancer. Which activities prevent the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia in this client?
The measurable activities like Coughing, breathing deeply, frequent repositioning, and using an incentive spirometer are for preventing postoperative pneumonia. Hence, Option C is correct.
What is postoperative pneumonia?
Pneumonia is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae leads to infection of the alveoli of lungs.
This type of pneumonia is a rare medical condition happens after local anesthesia has been given to a patient.
The primary causes are the amount of anesthesia given, poor handling of chemicals, the type of anesthesia given to the patient.
To prevent the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia are medicating the patient and use of incentive spirometer. Hence, Option C is correct.
Learn more about pneumonia, here:
https://brainly.com/question/15159868
#SPJ4
Your question was incomplete, so the probable question was
A client has undergone a left hemicolectomy for bowel cancer. Which activities prevent the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia in this client?
A. Administering oxygen, coughing, breathing deeply, and maintaining bed rest
B. Coughing, breathing deeply, maintaining bed rest, and using anincentive spirometer
C. Coughing, breathing deeply, frequent repositioning, and using anincentive spirometer
D. Administering pain medications, frequent repositioning, andlimiting fluid intake
The _____ reflects the electrical impulse of the heart emanating from the atria.
The P wave reflects the electrical impulse of the heart emanating from the atria.
This P wave is a summation wave which is an electrical activity that comes from successive signaling from multiple points, by causing wave-like contractions. These multiple points contain pacemaker cells that generate action potentials independently of the CNS.
The P wave is the first wave found on the electrocardiogram of a healthy individual. P wave render the voltage, which specifically triggers atrial muscle cell contraction. It is accompanied by the PR interval, the QRS complex, the ST interval, and finally the T wave.
When there is a rapid or slow heartbeat then it is easy to recognize it by looking at the intervals between the T wave and the P wave.
To learn more about P wave here
https://brainly.com/question/23683998
#SPJ4
Answer:
SA notes
Explanation:
What is the maximum number of white blood cells allowed in a leukocyte-reduced unit of red blood cells?
Answer:
8
Explanation:
What is the number of white blood cells permitted in a unit of leukoreduced red cells? 8 g/dL owing to chemotherapy with a drug known to cause bone marrow depression and immunodeficiency.
What is virulence?
a. the disease-producing power of a pathogen
b. the toxicity of a virus
c. the strength of a microorganism
d. the number of pathogens in the body
e. the deadliness of a toxin
Virulence is the disease-producing power of a pathogen.
Virulence, term interchangeably used with pathogenicity, refers to the degree of pathology caused by the organism. The extent of the virulence is usually correlated with the ability of the pathogen to multiply within the host and may be affected by other factors. Viral virulence is influenced by viral genes in three categories firstly those that affect the ability of the virus to replicate, secondly those that affect host defense mechanisms, Thirdly those that affect tropism, spread throughout the body and transmissibility. Virulence factors characterized as important for attachment and invasion in human infection are CPS, β-hemolysin, C proteins, and pilus-like proteins.
To learn more about Virulence , here
https://brainly.com/question/13552511
#SPJ4
The surface area of a cell increases proportionally to the radius?
The surface area of a cell is squared w.r.t its radius and not proportionally.
In general, all cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, must be tiny. Think about the dimensions of a normal cell. While not all cells have a sphere-like form, the majority do. A sphere's volume may be calculated using the formula 4πr3/3., whereas its surface area can be calculated using 4πr2. A cell's surface area grows as the square of its radius as the radius rises, yet its volume grows as the cube of its radius (much more rapidly).Thus, a cell's surface area to volume ratio drops as it grows in size. If the cell were in the form of a cube, the same reasoning would hold true.learn more about surface area here: https://brainly.com/question/6615047
#SPJ4
The afferent arteriole is _____ in diameter than the different arteriole, so that glomerular _____ is relatively high.
The afferent arteriole is larger in diameter than the different arteriole, so that glomerular blood pressure is relatively high.
The afferent arterioles are a group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems. They play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism.
The afferent arterioles branch from the renal artery, which supplies blood to the kidneys. The afferent arterioles later diverge into the capillaries of the glomerulus.
The glomerulus (plural glomeruli) is a network of small blood vessels (capillaries) known as a tuft, located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney. Each of the two kidneys contains about one million nephrons.
The tuft is structurally supported by the mesangium (the space between the blood vessels), composed of intraglomerular mesangial cells. The blood is filtered across the capillary walls of this tuft through the glomerular filtration barrier, which yields its filtrate of water and soluble substances to a cup-like sac known as Bowman's capsule. The filtrate then enters the renal tubule of the nephron.
The glomerulus receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal arterial circulation. Unlike most capillary beds, the glomerular capillaries exit into efferent arterioles rather than venules. The resistance of the efferent arterioles causes sufficient hydrostatic pressure within the glomerulus to provide the force for ultrafiltration.
The glomerulus and its surrounding Bowman's capsule constitute a renal corpuscle, the basic filtration unit of the kidney. The rate at which blood is filtered through all of the glomeruli, and thus the measure of the overall kidney function, is the glomerular filtration rate.
Learn more about afferent arterioles here : https://brainly.com/question/9691907
#SPJ4
Every year _______ species go extinct. a. 3 b. 72 c. 1000 d. 20000 please select the best answer from the choices provided
The experts calculate that between 0.01 and 0.1% of all species will become extinct each year. If the low estimate of the number of species out there is true - i.e. that there are around 2 million different species on our planet - then that means between 200 and 2,000 extinctions occur every year.
What is extinction?
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.More than 99% of all species that ever lived on Earth, amounting to over five billion species, are estimated to have died out. It is estimated that there are currently around 8.7 million species of eukaryote globally, and possibly many times more if microorganisms, like bacteria, are included. Notable extinct animal species include non-avian dinosaurs, saber-toothed cats, dodos, mammoths, ground sloths, thylacines, trilobites and golden toads.Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with little to no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years.To learn more about extinction: https://brainly.com/question/14482178
#SPJ4
If you inoculate and incubate a pr-glucose and 24 hours later you observe that the medium has turned yellow, and that there is a bubble in the durham tube, you conclude that the bacteria are?
If you inoculate and incubate a pr-glucose and 24 hours later you observe that the medium has turned yellow, and that there is a bubble in the durham tube, you conclude that the bacteria are glucose + and gas +.
If an organism is skillful of fermenting the sugar glucose, then acidic result are seen and the pH indicator turns yellow. Escherichia coli is capable of fermenting glucose as are Proteus mirabilis (far right) and Shigella dysenteriae (far left).Bacteria can utilize a much greater variety of sugars, but given a choice prefer glucose. All bacteria produce gas when they ferment. That is indicated by a color change of a phenol red glucose broth from red to yellow.
To learn more about glucose , here
https://brainly.com/question/2396657
#SPJ4
Any estimate of the heritability of a particular trait is specific to?
Any estimate of the heritability of a particular trait is specific to one population in one environment.
The degree to which genetic variations among persons may adequately explain the variations in their attributes is known as heritability. Characteristics like height, eye color, and IQ are examples of traits, as are illnesses like schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.Heritability, which is denoted by the statistic h2 in science, describes the proportion of a trait's variation that can be attributable to genetic variation. An estimation of a trait's heritability is particular to one population in a particular setting, and it might alter over time as conditions change.Between 0 and 1 heritability estimates are given. A heritability near to zero indicates that environmental variables, rather than genetic differences, account for the majority of variation in a trait among individuals. Due to their lack of genetic control, traits like religion or spoken language have a heritability of zero. A heritability near to one means that genetic differences account for almost all of the variability in a characteristic, with little to no influence from environmental factors. High heritability is a characteristic of many diseases, including phenylketonuria (PKU), which is brought on by variations (also known as mutations) in a single gene.learn more about heritability here: https://brainly.com/question/6965635
#SPJ4