As a forest becomes fragmented into smaller and smaller patches, the effects of fragmentation on these patches might result in the Edge effect.
What are the effects of Fragmentation?The fragmentation of habitat is a serious issue all across the planet. Even a small reduction in the total area of wild areas is unacceptable.However, it can compromise the integrity of entire ecosystems when fragmentation is present.The so-called "edge effect" can also result from fragmentation. Some species prefer moist, shaded environments, including some mosses and lichens. As a forest area gets smaller, it's possible that they'll become exposed to too much light or a drying wind and vanish.The species with the largest home ranges can survive in a healthy forest because it is big enough for them. They can be quite vulnerable to fragmentation because they are typically the top predators.Many species may be unable to travel if their natural habitat is fragmented, leading to their extinction.Hence, the Edge effect may occur as forest fragments into ever-tinier patches as a result of the impacts of fragmentation on these patches.
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Structure b is a _____. transport protein solute phospholipid solvent water molecule
The correct option is (a) transport protein.
A protein that moves other elements within an organism is referred to as a transport protein. All living organisms require transport proteins for growth and survival. Transport proteins come in a variety of varieties. Transport proteins that participate in assisted diffusion include channel proteins, gated channel proteins, and carrier proteins.
To carry molecules across the plasma membrane, transport proteins work in both active and passive transport. The plasma membrane has two main groups of transport proteins, and each one facilitates the passage of water-loving molecules.
Therefore, The correct option is (a) transport protein.
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Salivary amylase is an enzyme released from the salivary glands that breaks some of the chemical bonds in?
Saliva contains the enzyme, salivary amylase. This enzyme breaks the bonds between the monomeric sugar units of disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and starches.
The salivary amylase breaks down amylose and amylopectin into smaller chains of glucose, called dextrins and maltose.
Saliva contains special enzymes that help digest the starches in your food. An enzyme called amylase breaks down starches (complex carbohydrates) into sugars, which your body can more easily absorb.
For eg- Amylase is responsible for the breaking of the bonds in starches, polysaccharides, and complex carbohydrates into easier to absorb simple sugars. Salivary amylase is the first step in the chemical digestion of food.
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The ________ is the brain structure responsible for the highly developed intelligence of the human species.
The cerebral cortex is the brain structure responsible for the highly developed intelligence of the human species.
What is cerebral cortex?There are hundreds of billions of neurons in the cerebral cortex, and all of them have one of three morphological variations: pyramidal cells, fusiform cells, or stellate cells (granular cells). One of the three is modified in other cell types found in the cortex.Appearance of cerebral cortex:The cerebral cortex has deep sulci and bulges, which are collectively referred to as gyri, that give it a wrinkled appearance.The cerebral cortex's numerous folds and wrinkles provide a larger surface area for an increasing number of neurons to reside, enabling it to process vast amounts of information. The thickness of the human cerebral cortex, which is made up of densely folded sheets of neurons, ranges from 1 to 4.5 mm, with an average thickness of about 2.5 mm.There are between 14 billion and 16 billion nerve cells in the six layers that make up the cerebral cortex.cortex is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital.To learn more about cerebral cortex visit:
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Blood passes through the right av valve as it moves from the _______ to the ______
Blood passes through the right AV valve as it moves from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
What is the function of the right AV?
Another word for the right AV is Right Atrioventricular Valve. This valve is responsible for controlling blood flow form the right atrium to the ventricle on the right.
It is situated between the right upper heart chamber and the right lower heart chamber (right ventricle) (right atrium).
To make sure that blood flows in the right direction, the tricuspid valve opens and shuts.
What is the function of the Right Atrium?One of the four heart chambers is the right atrium. Blood with low oxygen content is taken in from the body by the right atrium, which then pumps it into the right ventricle.
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What is the term ecologists use for the biological characteristics of a species that influence how quickly a population can potentially increase?
Biological characteristics of a species that influence how quickly a population can potentially increase in number is life-history strategies.
What are life history strategies?The life history of a species gives us an idea of how a species survives and reproduces during its lifetime.This includes factors which affect the fitness of an organism like life span, maturity rate, death rate, parental care.Two types of life history strategies are Semelparous (those that can reproduce only once in their lifetime) and Iteroparous (those that can reproduce multiple times over their lifetime e.g. humans).Life history strategies relate to natural selection, adaptation and fitness of an organism.Factors like the size, number and sex ratio of offspring, time of reproduction, age and size at which an organism matures affect the life history of an organism.Learn about reproductive strategy here:
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What would happen if everyone ate raw food only?
Answer: they would have diarrhea, stomach cramps, vomiting, and a fever.
Explanation:
PET differs from fMRI in what ways?
Answer choices:
fMRI requires a radioactive tracer
PET requires a radioactive tracer
PET can only detect proteins
fMRI can only capture chemical reactions
The correct answer is PET requires a radioactive tracer.
In actuality, PET has a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than fMRI for a single scan. However, because there is no radiation exposure, fMRI generally produces a crisper image and can be done numerous times. Indeed, this may be a sufficient explanation for the shift toward fMRI from PET, which has been on the decline.
[15O] The use of H2O PET in brain activation research has long since been discontinued. There is no radiation exposure, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) has a superior spatial and temporal resolution to PET.
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Determine the correct sequence of events during the creation of recombinant dna. i. plasmid is cut open with enzymes ii. target gene is cut out with enzymes iii. plasmid is inserted into the bacterium iv. target gene is bonded to the plasmid with ligase
Answer:
ii i iv iii
Explanation:
The correct sequence is
Target gene is cut out with enzyme Plasmid if cut open with enzyme Target gene is bounded to the plasmid with ligase Plasmid is inserted into the bacterium
During the loading of tbp, what event displaces the binding of tafs 11 and 13 from one of the stirrups of tbp?
The DNA kink of 80˚ is induced by tight binding of TBP which ultimately displaces the binding of TAFs 11 and 13.
What is TBP associated factor?The protein which bind to TATA-binding protein during the initiation transcription is called as TAFs are the component of TFIID multimeric protein complex which is a transcription initiation factor .
The key component of transcription initiation machinery, and play a role in core promoter recognition, assembly of the pre-initiation complex
These have a signature domain named N-terminal histone-like fold domain (HFD).
Hence, DNA kink of 80˚ is induced by tight binding of TBP
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The energy required to maintain essential body functions, such as staying alive, awake, and warm is known as?
Answer:
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Explanation:
A research group is looking for a way to use spider silk, valued for its high tensile strength, to make extremely strong ropes, but spiders only produce small amounts of silk. they have isolated the gene and have inserted it into cows to produce the silk protein in their milk where the scientists can collect it in large quantities. what is this process called? a. bioreaction b. transgenics c. artificial selection d. recombination
Option (B) Transgenics is the correct answer.
Transgenics involves one or more DNA sequences being artificially introduced into an organism that wouldn't usually have them.
What is Transgenics?The term "transgenic" refers to organisms with modified genomes.For scientific investigation, most transgenic organisms are produced in laboratories. A particular gene of interest is disabled in transgenic mice called "knock-out" mice. Researchers can learn more about the normal operation of the gene by researching its consequences.It is possible to alter the genomes of living things with contemporary genetic technology. The term "genetic engineering" also applies to this method.Additionally, commercial uses for transgenic organisms have been created. Food crops like soy and peas that have undergone genetic modification to become resistant to pesticides and herbicides are probably the most well-known examples.Hence, Transgenics entails the artificial introduction of one or more DNA sequences into an organism that wouldn't typically contain them.
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Is the indicator stain in this microscope slide localized in organelles or distributed evenly throughout the cell?
The indicator stain in this microscope slide will be localized in organelles.
What are indicators?Substances called indicators are those whose solutions change color as the pH changes. We refer to these as acid-base indicators. The conjugate base or acid versions of these typically weak acids or bases have various hues because of variations in their absorption spectra.Organic weak acids or bases with complex structures are indicators. To assess the pH (acidity or basicity) of a solution visually, a little amount of a halochromic chemical substance is added to the solution.Therefore, under the Arrhenius model, a pH indicator is a chemical detector for hydronium ions (H3O+) or hydrogen ions (H+). According to the pH, the indicator typically causes the color of the solution to change. Other physical attributes can also alter, as seen by indicators.To learn more about pH indicator with the given link
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If radium-226 were to undergo radioactive decay by electron capture (a type of beta decay) instead of by alpha emission, the resulting nucleus would be?
If radium-226 were to undergo radioactive decay by electron capture (a type of beta decay) instead of by alpha emission, the resulting nucleus would be 226Fr87.
Radioactive Decay:Ionizing radiation is released as a result of radioactive decay. Among the ionizing radiation that is released are alpha, beta, and/or gamma rays. Unbalanced atoms known as radionuclides are the site of radioactive decay.
The most prevalent form of an element in nature is typically the one that is most stable. All substances, though, have an unstable form. Unstable forms are radioactive and emit ionizing radiation. Some substances, like uranium, have no stable forms and are therefore always radioactive. Radiation-emitting substances are referred to as radionuclides.
The amount of time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms present to decay is known as the radioactive half-life. Others have half-lives of hundreds, millions, or billions of years. Some radionuclides have half-lives of just a few seconds.
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In the light reactions, pigment molecules in photosystems capture photons of light, and energy from light becomes stored as potential energy in ______.
In the light reactions, pigment molecules in photosystems capture photons of light, and energy from light becomes stored as potential energy in ATP and NADPH.
What is light reaction?The photosynthetic mechanism known as the "light reaction" transforms solar energy into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP.The production of NADPH and high-energy ATP molecules occurs during the light-dependent stage, in which chlorophyll absorbs light energy. This excitation of some pigment-molecule electrons to higher energy levels causes them to leave the chlorophyll and move through a succession of molecules.The photolysis reactions, also referred to as light reactions, transform solar energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.The thylakoid membranes of organelles called chloroplasts are where the light reactions occur. The light reactions are largely controlled by photosystems, sizable complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are designed to capture light.
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Extrapyramidal side effects are characterized by a triad of symptoms, including what?
Extrapyramidal side effects are characterized by a triad of symptoms, including bradykinesia, muscle rigidity and tremor.
Extrapyramidal side effects are a group of symptoms that occur in people taking antipsychotic medication extrapyramidal symptoms are also called drug-induced movement disorder. The three signs of Extrapyramidal symptoms are inability to sit still , involuntary muscle contraction, tremors, stiff muscles , and involuntary facial movements.The side effects includes involuntary or uncontrollable movement , tremors , muscle contraction.
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Which of the following is
MOST difficult to regulate?
A. liquid waste (effluent) leaving a factory
B. liquid waste (effluent) leaving a power plant
C. runoff from agricultural lands
D. water leaving a sewage treatment plant
It is difficult to regulate liquid waste (effluents) leaving a factory, as there is no means of containment and remediation is difficult.
A. liquid waste (effluents) leaving a factoryHow are liquid effluents generated in industries?Industrial Effluents, on the other hand, will have their generation linked to the typology and the industrial process, in this way, all the water that was not lost through evaporation, infiltration and that ends up left over from the production process, that is, that is not incorporated into the final product, ends up becoming effluent.
How is waste generated by industries disposed of?The most used treatments for this type of waste are the aerobic and anaerobic process, which use biological agents, such as
bacteriaalgae and protozoato degrade the organic matter of the effluents.
With this information, we can conclude that Industrial waste is a wide variety of leftovers, waste or remains originating from manufacturing activities.
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five negative effects of fire?
Answer:
Just all around is bad for the earthExplanation:
Destroying homes.Kill or injures/destroys wildlife habitat.Pollutes the air which harmful to human health. Lung problems, heart failure, and premature death.The increase of carbon dioxide on earth contributes to the greenhouse effect and climate change.which of the following statements about cpr is not true
A.immediate compression only cpr
_____ is any material added to the atmosphere that harms organisms, affects the climate, or impacts structures.
Air pollution is any material added to the atmosphere that harms organisms, affects the climate, or impacts structures.
What is air pollution?As a result of the presence of compounds in the atmosphere that are hazardous to human health and the health of other living things, or that impair the climate or materials, air pollution is the contamination of the air. Air contaminants come in a variety of forms, including gases, particles, and biological substances.An air pollutant is any substance, whether chemical, physical, or biological, that modifies the atmosphere's inherent qualities. Indoor and outdoor air pollution are both possible. Motor cars, industrial processes, home combustion appliances, and forest fires are some common sources of air pollution. Air pollution happens when harmful gases and chemicals are released into the atmosphere.Particulate matter, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide are some of these contaminants.Learn more about air pollution here:
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Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export?
Golgi apparatus is the organelle which modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export.
The structure of the Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex is flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes. It helps to move materials, which are proteins and other molecules, from one part of a cell to another.
Although it intercepts ER vesicles, modify the content for export, and repackage the material in a Golgi vesicle, which can be fuse with plasma membrane. This apparatus even receives proteins and lipids from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It is because, it helps in transporting protein within or outside the cell.
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Terrence is known to be very social and outgoing at parties. he most likely has high levels of what hormone?
a) oxytocin
b) testosterone
c) serotonin
d) dopamine
Terrence is known to be very social and outgoing at parties. He is most likely has high levels of Dopamine hormone.
Although high levels of dopamine is linked to being more competitive, aggressive and having poor impulse control it can also lead to conditions that include ADHD, addiction or over eating.
The chemical formula of the dopamine is C8H11NO2. Dopamine is commonly also known as the "Happy Hormone" it also results in the feeling of well being. Dopamine is also involved in reward, motivation, memory, attention, and even regulation of body movements or mood of the person too.
In the contrast, low levels of dopamine are linked to the reducing of the motivation and decreased enthusiasm for things that will excite most of the people.
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____________ is routinely offered to all older pregnant women for early detection of chromosomal abnormalities.
Amniocentesis is routinely offered to all older pregnant women for early detection of chromosomal abnormalities.
A prenatal test called amniocentesis can identify genetic diseases (such as Down syndrome and spina bifida) and other health problems in an unborn child. A tiny amount of amniotic fluid from inside your uterus is extracted using a needle by a healthcare professional, and the sample is subsequently examined in a lab for particular diseases.
Typically, amniocentesis is fairly risk-free. The test does, however, include certain hazards. You'll need to balance the hazards and advantages of finding out if your kid might have a problem. There is a possibility that the test could result in a miscarriage for you.
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A gardener uses a chemical to kill the bacteria in the soil of his flowerbed. how will this plan affect the growth of his flowers? a. the flowers will grow better because the bacteria fix oxygen for the flowers. b. the flowers will not grow as well because bacteria are needed to fix nitrogen. c. the flowers will grow better because the bacteria are harmful to the flowers. d. the flowers will not grow as well because the bacteria eat the dead roots.
The flowers will not grow as well because bacteria are needed to fix nitrogen
Numerous plants have symbiotic interactions with bacteria, which provide them with essential nutrients like nitrates. His flowers' growth will be limited and they can even perish if all the bacteria are gone.
What are Good bacterias ?Friendly bacteria or good bacteria can help plants grow by helping the plants to obtain nutrients such as phosphorous and nitrogen, or by defending the plants from other microbes that can make them sick.
Beneficial good bacteria for plants produce chemicals and hormones that stimulate growth. Beneficial bacteria help prevent infections from pathogens by coating the root surfaces and triggering svstemic disease resistance.By this way the use of bacteria killing chemical will all kill good bacteria which helps plant growth.Learn more about Good bacteria here:
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For photosynthesis in green plants, the electron donor for the light-dependent reaction is?
For photosynthesis in green plants, the electron donor for the light dependent reaction is water.
What are the events during light dependent reaction?During photosynthesis, the light dependent reactions occur in the thylakoids. The electrons are provided by the breakdown of water.Within the thylakoid membrane, chlorophyll captures energy from the sun in the form of photons and breakdown the water molecules producing energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.Chlorophyll pigment is present in both Photosystem I (PS I) and Photosystem II (PS II) which are also known as light harvesting complexes.Light reactions begin with the excitation of electron in chlorophyll of PS II by sunlight. This excited electron leaves the chlorophyll and travels via electron transport chain.To fill the void created by the loss of an electron, PS II drives an electron by splitting of water molecule.Learn more about light-dependent reaction here:
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What components and structures of membrane facilitates unequal distribution of polar and charged molecules on two different sides of membrane? How would that be useful for propagating nerve impulse?
The Ion Channels of membrane facilitates unequal distribution of polar and charged molecules on two different sides of membrane.
The traveling wave of electrical excitation, known as an action potential/nerve impulse, can carry a message without attenuation from one end of a neuron to the other as speeds as great 100m/sec or more.
The voltage is an electrical potential energy that is caused by the separation of opposite charges, in the case of across membrane.
It is so because a membrane potential arises when, there is a difference in electrical charge on both the sides of a membrane, due to a slight excess in positive ions over negative ones on one side and a slight deficit on the other.
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When working to diagnose a superficial bacterial infection, the procedure most likely used is a(n) ________.
When working to diagnose a superficial bacterial infection, the procedure most likely used is a culture and sensitivity .
A culture is a test to find germs (such as bacteria or a fungus) that can cause an infection. A sensitivity test checks to see what kind of medicine, such as an antibiotic, will work best to treat the illness or infection. when bacteria's are Susceptible it means they can't grow if the drug is present. This means the antibiotic is effective against the bacteria. Resistant means the bacteria can grow even if the drug is present. This is a sign of an ineffective antibiotic. Intermediate means a higher dose of the antibiotic is needed to prevent growth.
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What physical feature of the human eye lends imporant support to the trichromatic therory of color vision?
The various types of cones in the retina is physical feature of the human eye lens is important to support the trichromatic theory of color vision.
What is trichromatic theory?Trichromatic refers to something with three colors because the prefix "tri" implies three and the root "chroma" means color.According to the trichromatic hypothesis of color vision, the retina contains three distinct color receptors. The retina's cones are responsible for providing color vision.According to this view, the cones are sensitive to the hues of green, blue, and red. Eyes can distinguish between millions of different colors when these colors are blended.Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz were the ones who first put out this notion. Thomas Young was the first to postulate the existence of three color receptors in human eyes, each of which is sensitive to a different range of light wavelengths: short, medium, and long.Hermann von Helmholtz conducted a number of experiments to test the hypothesis decades later and discovered it to be accurate.The Young Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory is hence another name for the theory.Learn more about trichromatic theory here
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In response to a state of shock, what mechanisms does the sympathetic nervous system utilize in the four distinct stages to help correct the lack of perfusion? select all that apply.
Answer:
Increase in heart rate.
Increase in respiratory rate.
What is a sympathetic nervous system?
The peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system are the two primary divisions of the human nervous system, as shown in the image below.
Two additional parts make up the peripheral nervous system. Skeletal muscle movement that is voluntary is controlled by the somatic nervous system. The somatic nervous system is at action when you choose to bring your coffee cup to your lips; it is doing so by engaging the necessary muscles. The autonomic nervous system, which regulates functions outside of our conscious awareness, is the second part of the PNS.
The parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system are additional divisions of the autonomic nervous system (which you are interested in). They have negative consequences on one another, to put it very broadly. While the parasympathetic neural system largely works to calm the body, the sympathetic nervous system often stimulates the body. Although this is a streamlined perspective, it might be helpful to think about it this way.
The sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system speeds up heartbeat, slows down digestion, opens up airways in the lungs to allow for greater airflow, triggers the liver to release glucose, and relaxes the bladder. All of this wakes up the body and gets it ready to "fight."
The parasympathetic division, in contrast, slows the heart rate, tightens the bronchi in the lungs, and boosts blood flow to the digestive system. The phrase "relax and digest" has been used to describe it.
The parasympathetic nervous system's nerves originate from the brainstem and spinal cord, as shown in the diagram. The "ganglia" (collections of cell bodies) of the sympathetic nervous system, however, exist beyond the spinal cord.
It's interesting to note that whereas the sympathetic nervous system activates the body using both acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE), the parasympathetic nervous system solely needs ACh to affect organs.
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve systems are autonomic, which means we typically have minimal control over them.
Suppose that a subject is presented with two stimuli in succession, e.g., stimulus a followed by stimulus b. stimulus a is said to prime the processing of stimulus b if?
Suppose that a subject is presented with two stimuli in succession, e.g., stimulus a followed by stimulus b. stimulus a is said to prime the processing of stimulus b if Processing of stimulus b is aided by prior exposure to stimulus a.
Priming is a psychological strategy where the introduction of one stimulus affects how people react to another. A memory association or representation is triggered by priming right before the introduction of a new stimulus or activity. This phenomenon happens without our conscious knowledge, but it has the potential to significantly affect many parts of our daily life.
Psychology uses a variety of distinct methods of priming. Each one functions uniquely and might have various outcomes.
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One of the reasons bacteria can be so deadly is because they multiply very quickly. E. coli has a doubling time of around 15 minutes. This means that if 100 bacteria are left alone for 2 hours, they will multiply to become:
Answer: There will be a number of 25600 bacteria after 2 hours.
Explanation: This problem requires some simple math to solve.
We were told that E. coli doubles approximately every 15 minutes. Meaning that, after just 15 minutes, our colony of 100 bacteria is now a colony of 200 bacteria and so forth:
100 * 2^1 = 200
There are 4 15-minute periods in an hour, thus there are 8 15-minute periods in two hours. Therefore, the bacteria will have doubled their population size 8 times:
100 * 2^8 = 25,600