Oldest to youngest
Sandstone with trilobite → limestone with crinoid → shale with ammonite → conglomerate
According to the rule of superposition, rock strata (layers) that are the furthest from the ground's surface are the oldest (formed earliest) and those that are the nearest to it are the youngest (formed most recently).
What is a Rock ?A rock is a dense mass of mineral grains that have grown or been cemented together over time. There are big rocks and little rocks. Pebbles are little rocks. One or more minerals can be found in every rock.
According to how they were formed, rocks are categorised by geologists (those who study rocks and minerals).Among the physical characteristics of rocks are density, porosity, and permeability. Elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and rock strength are the primary characteristics of rocks in terms of mechanics.Learn more about Rocks here:
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The layers of rock can be arranged from oldest to youngest as follows:
1. Conglomerate: This is the oldest layer. Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock composed of rounded gravel and pebbles that have been cemented together. It forms when gravel and pebbles are transported by water and then deposited and compacted over time.
2. Shale with ammonite: Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of mud and clay. The presence of an ammonite fossil indicates that this layer is younger than the conglomerate layer.
3. Limestone with crinoid: Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate. The presence of a crinoid fossil suggests that this layer is younger than the shale layer.
4. Sandstone with trilobite: Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized particles that have been cemented together. The presence of a trilobite fossil indicates that this layer is the youngest.
To summarize, the layers from oldest to youngest are: conglomerate, shale with ammonite, limestone with crinoid, and sandstone with trilobite. Each layer represents a different period of time in Earth's history and contains distinct types of fossils that help geologists determine their relative ages.
Earth is a closed system for matter. This
means that the amount of matter on Earth is
A. constant.
C. depleting at a rapid rate.
B. constantly changing.
D. dynamic.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. constant since it's not gaining or losing matter.
In photosynthesis, the plant uses energy from the sun, plus water and carbon dioxide, to synthesize ____.
In photosynthesis, the plant uses energy from the sun, plus water and carbon dioxide, to synthesize Glucose.
The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide, water, and sunshine into oxygen and sugar-based energy is known as photosynthesis.
The main purpose of photosynthesis is to transform solar energy into chemical energy, which is then stored for later use. The majority of the time, this mechanism powers the planet's life systems.
The products of photosynthesis are glucose (sugar), oxygen, and water, while the reactants are light energy, water, carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll. The photosynthetic cell uses these sugar molecules as the building blocks to create more intricate molecules like glucose.
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In most cases, the relationship between roots and fungi in mycorrhizae can best be described as:_____.
Answer:
The associations between roots and fungi are called mycorrhizae.
These symbiotic arrangements have been found in about 90% of
all land plants, and have been around for approximately 400
million years. ,
The formation of the contractile rings during cytokinesis are a function of: select one: a. microtubules b. microfilaments c. intermediate filaments d. myosins
Microfilaments forms when the contractile rings during cytokinesis are functioning .
Microfilaments are formed during cytokinesis, the last step of cell division, the contractile ring is composed of filamentous actin (F-actin) and the motor protein myosin-2, along with additional structural and regulatory proteins.
The contractile ring is responsible for cytokinesis in many eukaryotic cell types, and is thought to contribute to cell division by 'squeezing' the cell into two. The contractile ring forms under the surface of the plasma membrane and is linked to the plasma membrane such that, when it constricts, it creates a cleavage furrow that partitions the cell in two.
Hence ,B is correct option
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The nariokotome boy discovered at lake turkana (homo erectus) has modern human traits such as?
The nariokotome boy discovered at lake turkana (homo erectus) has modern human traits such as shorter arms and longer legs than those of earlier hominids.
What is hominid?The Hominidae, which includes eight living species in four genera Pongo, Gorilla, Pan, and Homo of which only modern humans are still living are classified as big apes or hominids in taxonomy.Any member of the family (Hominidae) of erect bipedal primate mammals, which also includes extinct ancestors and related species as well as modern humans and, in some classifications, big apes.The family that includes all living and extinct great apes.The primary distinction between hominid and hominin is that the former refers to the family to which humans belong while the latter refers to the level of the tribe to which humans belong. In between the subfamily and genus is the tribe level.Bipedal and with large brains, hominids. In order to walk upright, they have developed a number of skeletal adaptations, including curved vertebrae and inclined femurs.
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When more water is needed in the bloodstream, the __________ releases antidiuretic hormone.
The pituitary gland releases the antidiuretic hormone when more water is needed in the bloodstream.
Pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland which is located at the base of the brain and is vital for the development, growth as well as the functioning of the endocrine glands of the body.
Whenever, more water is needed in the bloodstream, the pituitary glands releases the antidiuretic hormone or the ADH. This hormone is produced naturally in the hypothalamus and helps in the constriction of the blood vessels and also helps the kidneys to regulate the amount of water as well as salts in the body.
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E. coli is a species of bacteria that causes many different infections in humans. certain e. coli strains have developed resistance to antibiotics, making infections with these strains difficult to treat. how do bacteria such as e. coli, which reproduce asexually, gain new traits such as antibiotic resistance?
By mutating their DNA in response to environmental conditions to gain beneficial traits, reproduce asexually, gain new traits such as antibiotic resistance.
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria denotes the bacteria's incapacity to be treated by an antibiotic, which means the antibiotic's effectiveness against the bacteria is either abolished or diminished.What environmental factors could cause DNA to mutate?
If mistakes are made and not fixed right away. Additionally, exposure to environmental elements including smoking, sunshine, and radiation can result in mutations.
Which type of mutation depend on the condition of the environment?
Somatic mutagenesis
Therefore, a large portion of an organism may have the same mutation. These kinds of mutations, which can result in diseases like cancer, are typically brought on by environmental factors like ultraviolet radiation or any exposure to certain dangerous substances.What is a mutation that is beneficial?
A type of mutation known as a beneficial mutation affects an organism in a favorable way. These mutations are uncommon but important.Learn more about mutation
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The hormone which adjusts the rate of spermatogenesis by negative feedback onto the anterior pituitary is group of answer choices estrogen. lh. testosterone. fsh. inhibin.
The hormone which adjusts the rate of spermatogenesis by negative feedback onto the anterior pituitary is Inhibin.
A negative feedback loop involving the hormones that control the male reproductive system helps to maintain adequate amounts of testosterone and sperm.The anterior pituitary gland's gonadotropic cells produce and secrete FSH, which promotes spermatogenesis.Inhibin While the location of production in the adult testis is still debatable, it is solely produced by the testis, primarily by the Sertoli cells in the prepubertal testis. By using a negative feedback mechanism, inhibin B regulates FSH secretion. Rising testosterone levels cause the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus to release inhibin which stops releasing GnRH, FSH, and LH, creating a negative feedback mechanism in males. When the sperm count is high, the Sertoli cells create the hormone inhibin, which is released into the circulation.
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Bacteria and archaea that reduce nitrate or sulfate so that they can incorporate the nitrogen or sulfur atom into an organic molecule are performing _________ reduction. By contrast, when nitrate or sulfate are used as terminal electron acceptors, bacteria and archaea are performing _________ reduction.
Bacteria and archaea that reduce nitrate or sulfate so that they can incorporate the nitrogen or sulfur atom into an organic molecule are performing sulfur reduction. On the other hand, when nitrate or sulfate are used as terminal electron acceptors, bacteria and archaea are performing a nitrate reduction.
What is Anaerobic respiration?Anaerobic respiration is the formation of ATP without oxygen. This method still incorporates the respiratory electron transport chain, but without using oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Instead, molecules such as sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3–), or sulfur (S) are used as electron acceptors.
With this information, we can conclude that Nitrate is a better electron acceptor than sulfate
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As plasma co2 levels increase, the o2-hb dissociation curve shifts to the ________ indicating a _________ o2 affinity. group of answer choices
As Plasma CO₂ levels increase, the O₂ Hb Dissociation curve shifts to the Right indicating a Decrease in O₂ affinity.
According to the Oxygen- Dissociation curve, the graph shifts to the right which indicates that the CO₂ level in the plasma has increased which leads to O₂ dissociation i.e. decrease in Oxygen affinity. Some other factors that affect O₂ dissociation cure are as follows:
High temperatureHigh CO₂Low O₂High H+ concentrationAccording to the Oxygen- Association curve, the graph shifts to the left which indicates that the CO₂ level in the plasma has decreased which leads to O₂ association. Some other factors that affect O₂ association cure are as follows:
Low temperatureLow CO₂High O₂Low H+ concentrationThese are called as Bohr's Shift Curves for Oxygen.
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New techniques to produce cells with the characteristics of embryonic stem cells include?
New techniques to produce cells with the characteristics of embryonic stem cells include Parthenogenesis, retroviral transduction of transcription factor genes into adult skin cells (iPS), and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
What is embryonic stem cells?Pluripotent stem cells called embryonic stem cells are produced from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, a preimplantation embryo in its early stages. Four to five days after fertilization, human embryos reach the blastocyst stage, consisting of 50 to 150 cells.Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are stem cells that come from an embryo's core mass of undifferentiated cells.In laboratories, typically fertility clinics, 4- to 6-day-old embryos are used to produce human embryonic stem cells. The core embryonic cells are taken out and put in a dish with the nutrients they require to thrive.Theoretically, embryonic stem cells are capable of mass-producing any kind of tissue. These cells are used by researchers to investigate disease and development in the hopes of developing therapies. A single embryo's two or three dozen cells can produce millions of embryonic stem cells in about six months.Learn more about embryonic stem cell here:
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In the electron transport chain, protons are pumped from where to where in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells?
In the electron transport chain, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, and oxygen is reduced to form water.
The energy derived from the transfer of electrons through the electron transport chain is used to pump protons, as a result, an electrochemical gradient is generated, consisting of a proton gradient and a membrane potential.
The energy created by the formation of this gradient is then harnessed to form ATP as the protons travel down their gradient into the matrix through the ATP synthase channel.
The electron transport and ATP production occur simultaneously and are tightly coupled.
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action occurs when the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream. a. Local b. Remote c. Systemic d. Antagonist
Answer:
absorption
Explanation:
drug absorption
The action that occurs when the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream is Antagonist. The correct option is d.
What is Antagonist action?A substance or chemical known as an antagonist lessens the effects of an agonist. Competitive antagonists prevent the effects of agonists by attaching to the same location on a receptor as the agonist but without activating it.
A drug used in medicine that blocks the effects or actions of another medication. For instance, an oestrogen receptor antagonist is a medication that prevents oestrogen from activating tumour cells.
A chemical that can attach to and functionally activate a target is called an agonist. Usually, a metabotropic and/or ionotropic receptor is the target.
A chemical known as an antagonist binds to a target and blocks the binding of other compounds. The action of receptors is unaffected by antagonists.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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Good sources of riboflavin include:______
a) milk, meats, and green vegetables.
b) refined grains and pork.
c) citrus fruits and berries.
d) potatoes, carrots, and bananas.
Good sources of riboflavin includes is milk , meats, and green vegetables.Riboflavin is a dietary supplement which is also called as vitamin B2, found in food.
It is essential for proper development of the skin, lining of digestive tract, blood cells, and brain function. Its involved in many function in human body. Riboflavin used to prevent deficiency for migraine and high levels of homo-cysteine in the blood.
Deficiency Riboflavin caused fatigue, swollen,throat,blurred vision, and depression. It can be affect skin which caused skin crack , itching and around the mouth dermatitis.Vitamin B2 helps human body to build red blood cells and supportive functions which gives energy.
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The endothelial cells of the blood vessel produce two important chemicals involved in hemostasis: prostacyclin and ________________.
The endothelial cells of the blood vessel produce two important chemicals involved in hemostasis: prostacyclin and von Willebrand factor.
What is endothelial cell?The primary cell type in the inner lining of the heart, lymph veins, and blood vessels.The interior of the heart and blood vessels are lined with a thin membrane called the endothelium. In addition to enzymes that regulate blood clotting, immunological response, and platelet adhesion, endothelial cells also release chemicals that regulate vascular relaxation and contraction.The majority of the arteries, veins, and capillaries in the brain, skin, lung, heart, and muscle are made of continuous endothelium. Tight connections hold endothelial cells together and keep them attached to a continuous basal membrane.Epithelial cells with particular functions are known as endothelial cells. The fundamental distinction between epithelial and endothelial cells is that while endothelial cells line the internal surfaces of the circulatory system's components, epithelial cells only line the body's internal surfaces.
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Which condition would most likely lead to an increase in the frequency of an altruistic behavior in a population?.
Explanation:
The beneficiaries of the behavior are related to the individual performing it. Groups that differ in terms of altruistic and selfish genotypes have differential reproduction or survival.
Example of how muscle tissue could be used in post-mortem analysis
Answer:
Skeletal muscle decomposes more slowly than internal organs and nerve tissue after death, but still more quickly than cartilage and bone.
Together, these factors make muscle tissue a good candidate for postmortem change study and well-suited for standard forensic lab examination.
It is confusing that genes and proteins are given the same name, such as epas1. let’s sort them out with the basics. a gene is a section of what type of molecule?
It is confusing that genes and proteins are given the same name, such as epas1. A gene is a section of DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid.
A gene is the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. Genes contain instructions which directs the cells to synthesize molecules called proteins. Proteins perform various functions in the body required for maintenance of health of an individual.
The EPAS1 gene, also called as HIF2A , delivers instructions for the synthesis of a protein known as hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF-2α). This protein is a part or subunit of a larger protein complex called HIF, which plays a crucial role in the body's capacity to adjust to dynamic oxygen levels.
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Which nutrients provide energy in the form of calories? which nutrients regulate body processes and promote growth, development and maintenance of body tissues?
Answer:
The nutrients in form of calories are fats and oils. The nutrients that regulate body processes and promote growth, development and maintenance of body tissues are Proteins.
What is virulence?
a. the disease-producing power of a pathogen
b. the toxicity of a virus
c. the strength of a microorganism
d. the number of pathogens in the body
e. the deadliness of a toxin
Virulence is the disease-producing power of a pathogen.
Virulence, term interchangeably used with pathogenicity, refers to the degree of pathology caused by the organism. The extent of the virulence is usually correlated with the ability of the pathogen to multiply within the host and may be affected by other factors. Viral virulence is influenced by viral genes in three categories firstly those that affect the ability of the virus to replicate, secondly those that affect host defense mechanisms, Thirdly those that affect tropism, spread throughout the body and transmissibility. Virulence factors characterized as important for attachment and invasion in human infection are CPS, β-hemolysin, C proteins, and pilus-like proteins.
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The tissue that makes up the spinal cord and brain consists of Multiple Choice neurons only. platelets and neuroglia. platelets only. neurons and platelets. neurons and neuroglia.
The brain and spinal cord are composed of neurons and neuroglia.
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord which is made of nervous tissue.
The nervous tissue comprises neuron and neuroglia cells. Neurons are cells that can transmit signals through action potential. There are three types of the neuronal present in the CNS. They are sensory neurons, motor neurons and interneurons.
The neuroglial cells are the supporting cells which possess many specialized functions to support, protect and nourish neurons.
There are six types of neuroglia cells present in the CNS. They are astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, satellite cells and schwann cells.
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In radioactive dating, the measure scientists use to note how long (on average) a particular radioactive nucleus will take to decay is called its?
Half- Life
in radioactive dating scientists use to note how long
Population projections estimate that by 2050 we will reach a world population of 11 billion. the world already faces issues feeding the 7 billion people that currently live here. should genetically modified organisms be used to help meet the world’s food needs?
Yes, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) should be used to help meet the world’s food needs but with taking care of all the ethical concerns.
What are genetically modified organismsOrganisms whose genetic material i.e. genes are being modified by certain molecular biology techniques are known as genetically modified organisms. The genes which are manipulated or modified are known as transgenes therefore these organisms are also known as transgenic organisms.
Why should they be used to help meet the world’s food needs?As the world’s population is rapidly increasing, there is a need for new technologies which can help meet this challenge. Currently, the agriculture which is practiced today is not sustainable, a lot of herbicides and pesticides are being used which has led to massive destruction of the lands.
So, genetically modified organisms become a solution to it.
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When is the genome of hiv transcribed and translated to produce new rna genomes, as well as proteins necessary for the assembly of new virions?
The HIV genome transcribs and translats to produce new rna genomes and the proteins required for the construction of new virions once the viral RNA has been transcribed into host DNA and integrated into a chromosome.
Stages of HIV Life Cycle:
When surface of the host cell and HIV merge, the virus's genome and proteins are subsequently transported into the cell via a capsid. The HIV protein known as reverse transcriptase converts the viral RNA into DNA as the capsid shell breaks down. The viral DNA is carried across the nucleus, where it is incorporated into the host's DNA by the HIV protein. Multiple copies of fresh HIV RNA are created from multiple copies of HIV DNA by the host's regular transcription machinery. While the cell uses other copies of the RNA to create new HIV proteins, some of this RNA becomes the genome of a new virus. A new, immature HIV emerges when the fresh viral RNA and HIV proteins reach the cell's surface. The HIV protein known as protease cleaves freshly generated polyproteins to create a fully infectious virus after the virus is finally expelled from the cell.Learn more about the Viral replication with the help of the given link:
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What would occur if a lipid-insoluble ca2 channel antagonist was applied to cardiac contractile cells?
What would occur if a lipid-insoluble ca2 channel antagonist was applied to cardiac contractile cells?
Independent of electrical stimulation, a2+ would enter the cell and encourage Ca2+ release from the SR to cause more frequent heart muscle contractions.
What is cardiac contractile cells?The majority (99 percent) of the cells in the atria and ventricles are cardiac contractile cells. During contractions that pump blood throughout the body, contractile cells carry out impulses. The conduction system of the heart is made up of myocardial conducting cells, which make up 1% of all cells. They are typically much smaller than contractile cells, with the exception of Purkinje cells, and contain significantly less myofibrils or filaments than contractile cells. Despite being specialized muscle cells, they perform many of the same tasks as neurons. The electrical impulse known as an action potential, which travels throughout the heart and causes cardiac contractions that move blood forward, is started and spread by myocardial conduction cells.
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A nutritional drink was said to contain simple sugars and proteins. Describe how you could find out if these food substances were present in the drink
Answer:
2. If critical thinking is so important, why is it that uncritical thinking is so
common? Why is it that so many people including many highly educated and
intelligent people observed to be uncritical one? Discuss the reasons?
The increased osmolarity of the blood stimulates the hypothalamus to stimulate the ____________ pituitary to release adh
The increased osmolarity of the blood stimulates the hypothalamus to stimulate the posterior pituitary to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) directs the kidneys to reabsorb water into the bloodstream. A negative feedback system works until the blood volume and osmolarity is restored to normal levels.
The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus through a stalk of blood vessels and nerves. The hypothalamus corresponds with the anterior pituitary by releasing hormones and with the posterior pituitary using nerve impulses.
The hormones made by the posterior pituitary gland include vasopressin and oxytocin. Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which acts on the kidneys to conserve water. It is also significant for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
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What is the term for the period of growth and development from fertilization of the ovum until birth
Answer:
the term is (Gestation)
Burning wood is a reverse reaction of photosynthesis. knowing this, what products would be formed?
Water and carbon dioxide are formed when Burning wood is a reverse reaction of photosynthesis.
The chemical process of photosynthesis is the reverse of combustion and cellular respiration. During photosynthesis, light energy converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Respiration is said to be the reverse of photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, solar energy is harvested as chemical energy in a process that converts water and carbon dioxide to glucose. Oxygen is released as a byproduct.
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The sugar also known as dextrose, and blood sugar is ________. glucose galactose fructose lactose sucrose
The sugar is also known as dextrose, and blood sugar is glucose. glucose galactose fructose lactose sucrose.
Dextrose is the name of a simple sugar made from corn or wheat it's chemically identical to glucose, or blood sugar.Dextrose injection is a sterile solution used to provide your body with extra water and carbohydrates.
Dextrose works with the aid of speedy increasing the quantity of glucose in your blood. Glucose is found in ingredients wealthy in carbohydrates, together with bread, potatoes, fruit, pasta, and rice. Glucose is a supply of power, and all the cells and organs in your body want glucose to feature properly.
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