When Americium–241 decays into neptunium–237, an unstable nucleus decays into a more stable nucleus.
What is Radioactive decay?
Radioactive decay is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is considered radioactive. Three of the most common types of decay are alpha decay (α-decay), beta decay (β-decay), and gamma decay (γ-decay), all of which involve emitting one or more particles. The weak force is the mechanism that is responsible for beta decay, while the other two are governed by the electromagnetism and nuclear force. A fourth type of common decay is Electron Capture, in which an unstable nucleus captures an inner electron from one of the electron shells. The loss of that electron from the shell results in a cascade of electrons dropping down to that lower shell, resulting in emission of discrete X-rays from the transitions. A common example is Iodine-125 commonly used in medical settings.Radioactive decay is a stochastic (i.e. random) process at the level of single atoms. According to quantum theory, it is impossible to predict when a particular atom will decay, regardless of how long the atom has existed. However, for a significant number of identical atoms, the overall decay rate can be expressed as a decay constant or as half-life. The half-lives of radioactive atoms have a huge range; from nearly instantaneous to far longer than the age of the universe.The decaying nucleus is called the parent radionuclide (or parent radioisotope), and the process produces at least one daughter nuclide.Except for gamma decay or internal conversion from a nuclear excited state, the decay is a nuclear transmutation resulting in a daughter containing a different number of protons or neutrons (or both). When the number of protons changes, an atom of a different chemical element is created.To learn more about Radioactive decay: https://brainly.com/question/1770619
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6.0 mol Al reacts with 4.0 mol O2 to form Al2O3.
4A1+30₂ → 2Al₂O3
How many moles of Al2O3 form when 6.0 mol Al reacts? And how many moles form when 4.0 O2 react?
Answer:
3.0 moles Al₂O₃
Explanation:
We do not know which of the reactants is the limiting reactant. Therefore, you need to convert both of the given mole values into the product. This can be done using the mole-to-mole ratio made up of the balanced equation coefficients.
4 Al + 3 O₂ -----> 2 Al₂O₃
6.0 moles Al 2 moles Al₂O₃
---------------------- x ------------------------- = 3.0 moles Al₂O₃
4 moles Al
4.0 moles O₂ 2 moles Al₂O₃
---------------------- x ------------------------- = 2.7 moles Al₂O₃
3 moles O₂
As you can see, O₂ produces the smaller amount of product. This means O₂ is the limiting reactant. Remember, the limiting reactant is the reactant which runs out before the other reactant(s) are completely reacted. As such, the actual amount of Al₂O₃ produced is 2.7 moles.
However, since this problem is directly addressing how much Al₂O₃ is produced from Al, the answer you most likely are looking for is 3.0 moles Al₂O₃.
Solid iron combines with oxygen gas to form solid iron(III) oxide. Which of the following equations best describes this reaction?
(A) Ir + O₂--> IrO₂
(B) 4 Fe + 3 0₂---> 2 Fe₂O3
(C) I+ 0₂ ---> 10₂
(D) 3 Ir + 0₂ -> 6 Ir₂03
Select one:
O a. A
Ob. B
O C. C
O d. D
Answer:
B. 4 Fe + 3 0₂---> 2 Fe₂O3
Explanation:
(A) Ir + O₂--> IrO₂ No: Ir is iridium
(B) 4 Fe + 3 0₂---> 2 Fe₂O3 Yes: Fe is iron and O is oxygen, and the equation is balanced.
(C) I+ 0₂ ---> 10₂ No: I is iodine
(D) 3 Ir + 0₂ -> 6 Ir₂03 No: I is iodine
Identify the compound with the highest boiling point. ch3och3 ch3ch2ch3 ch3ch2oh ch3oh
The compound with the highest boiling point is [tex]CH_{3} CH_{2} OH[/tex] .
So, option C is correct one.
The boiling point depend two factors,
Bonding between moleculeMolecular mass is directly proportional to the boiling point.The boiling point of ether is less than alcohols because alcohol form hydrogen-bonding .The hydrogen bond is strongest bond. So, ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol has more boiling point than dimethy ether.
The propane molecules have only van-der waals force of attraction, which is weakest force of attraction.So, propane has lowest boiling point.
The molecular mass of ethanol is greater than methaol. So, ethanol has higher boiling point.
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What is the best method to convert styrene, c6h5ch=ch2, to 2-phenylethanol with minimal side product formation?
Styrene is an organic chemical used to make rubber, latex, resins, etc. It can be best converted using the anti-Markovnikov rule by (1) BH₃ - THF and (2) H₂O₂, NaOH. Thus, option B is correct.
What is anti- Markovnikov rule?The anti-Markovnikov rule defines the attachment of the substituent group to the least substituted carbon than the more substituted groups. This is due to the induction and hyperconjugation effect.
To convert styrene, the alcohol group from sodium hydroxide must be added to the least substituted carbon of the compound using other reagents like BH₃ - THF and hydrogen peroxide.
Therefore, option B. (1) BH₃ - THF and (2) H₂O₂, NaOH can be used to convert styrene.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was, What is the best method to convert styrene, C₆H₅CH=CH₂, to 2-phenyl ethanol with minimal side product formation?
H₂O, H₂SO₄(1) BH₃ - THF and (2) H₂O₂, NaOH(1) HBr (2) KOH, H₂O(1)HBr, peroxides (2) NaOH, H₂OWhen the ph of an aqueous solution is changed from 1 to 2, the concentration of hydronium ions in the solution is.
Answer:
decreased by a factor of 10
Explanation:
pH is defined in such a way that;
pH= −log10(H)
Where H represents the concentration of Hydronium or Hydrogen ions
Given that pH is changed from 1 to 2,
By rearranging the above formula , we get 10−pH = H
if pH=1,H=10−1=0.1Mif pH=2,H=10−2=0.01MTherefore, 0.1/0.01 = 10 and 0.1 > 0.01
Hence, the concentration of hydronium ions in the solution is decreased by a factor of 10
Treatment of tetrahydrofuran with excess hbr results in the formation of what major organic product?
The treatment of tetrahydrofuran with excess HBr results in the formation of 1,4-dibromobutane as a major organic product .
THF which is tetrahydrofuran is reated with excess of HBr at 373 K .The product is 1,4-dibromobutane as a major organic product .
In the mechanism proton having positive charge is attack on electron rich oxygen and protonated it then bromine anion attack at adjacent carbon and break carbon - protonated oxygen bond and in he final step the hydroxyl group is protonated and remove as a water with attack at bromine anion .
Therefore , on treatment of tetrahydrofuran with excess HBr results in the formation of 1,4-dibromobutane as a major organic product .
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On a distance-time graph, at 2 hours the graph is at a height of 20 meters, and at 3 hours it is at a height of 100 meters. What is the average speed for the interval?
Answer:
80 m/hr
Explanation:
Changes from 20 to 100 meters in ONE Hour
changes 80 meters in one hour = 80 m/hr
Can someone provide a answer with explanation for this question? Thanks!
Answer:
Explanation:
B
Consider the slightly soluble base bs(oh)2. if the molar solubility of the base is 1.82 ⋅ 10 − 2 , what concentration of hydroxide is dissolved in a saturated solution?
Answer:
Explanation to the following:
The chemical formula of glycine (a building block of proteins) is c2h5no2. the formula mass of glycine is 75.08 amu. what is the mass percent composition of c in glycine?
The mass percent composition of C in glycine is 31.66%.
What is formula mass?The formula mass of a substance is defined as the sum of the atomic masses of constituent atoms in an ionic compound. This is generally used for ionic compounds which do not contain discrete molecules, but ions as their constituent units.
Given,
Formula mass of C2H5NO2 = Molar mass of C2H5NO2
Molar mass of C2H5NO2 = 75.08 g
Futher we know that the 75.08g of glycine contain 24 g of carbon,
then mass percent composition of C in glycine can be given as,
% C = (mass of carbon/ molar mass of glycine) ×100
%C = (24/ 75.8) × 100
= 31.66%
Thus, we find that the mass percent composition of C in glycine is 31.66%.
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The _______________________________ css3 property can be used to create multiple columns of text within a single element.
The column count property can be used to create multiple columns of text within a single element.
What is the molecular formula of the smallest neutral compound of nitrogen and hydrogen?
N3H is the correct answer.
N3H is the molecular formula of the smallest neutral compound of nitrogen and hydrogen.
What is a molecular formula?an expression that lists the quantity and kind of atoms that make up a substance's molecules.
How can you determine a compound's molecular formula?Subtract the empirical formula for molar mass from the molar mass of the chemical. The outcome ought to be a full number or extremely close to one. Using the entire number discovered in step 2, multiply each subscript in the empirical formula by that number. The molecular formula is the outcome.Empirical and molecular formula: what are they?The simplest whole-number ratio of the various atoms in a compound is represented by an empirical formula. The precise number of various atom types present in a compound's molecule is indicated by the molecular formula.To learn more about molecular formula visit:
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Why are salt and sugar both able to dissolve in water, even though the solutes have different types of chemical bonding?.
The polar water molecules attract the oppositely assessed polar areas of the sucrose molecules and pull them away, resulting in dissolving. Since the ions in salt and the molecules in sugar are very different, their solubilities tend to be additional.
What is chemical bond?A chemical bond is a continuing attraction between atoms, ions, or molecules that promotes the formation of chemical mixtures. The bond may result from the electrostatic significance between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds.A chemical bond is what holds atoms concurrently in molecules. Bonds arise from the electrostatic energies between positively charged atomic nuclei and negatively charged electrons (the functions of which in space are determined by quantum mechanics).A chemical bond is a point of attraction between atoms or ions. Bonds form when atoms share or transmit valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outer significance level of an atom that may be interested in chemical relations. Valence electrons are the basis of all chemical bonds.To learn more about chemical bond, refer to:
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a) How would you find the moles of CO2 in a pop? Be sure to describe methods, equipment, and formulas that you would need (10 marks).
b) How would you find the pH of a pop (acid) if you did not have a universal indicator? Be sure to describe methods, equipment, and formulas that you would need (10 marks).
The way to find the moles of CO2 in a pop are:
Write the temperature of the CO2 by adding 273.15 to the number of degrees Celsius.Write the volume of the CO2 container in liters.Write the pressure of the container in atmospheres (atm).Calculate the number of moles of CO2 by the formula n=PV/RTHow to illustrate the information?A mole is a measure of molecules that is equal to approximately 6.022x10^23 molecules. Using the ideal gas formula, one can find the number of moles of carbon dioxide in a container if you know the other needed parameters and conditions.
Based on the above, it should be noted that P is the pressure, V is the volume from, T is the temperature and R is a proportionality constant that is equal to 0.0821 L atm / K mol.
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The acid dissociation constant ka for hcn is approximately 1 × 10−9. what is the value of the pkb?
Answer:
pKb = 5
Explanation:
To find the pKb, you need to (1) calculate the pka (using the pKa equation) and then (2) calculate the pKb (using the relationship between the pKa and pKb).
(Step 1)
pKa = -log (Ka)
pKa = -log (1 x 10⁻⁹)
pKa = 9
(Step 2)
pKa + pKb = 14
9 + pKb = 14
pKb = 5
A quantity of an ideal gas is compressed to half its initial volume. the process may be adiabatic, isothermal or isobaric. the greatest amount of work is required if the process is?
the greatest amount of work is required if the process is adiabatic.The correct option is adiabatic.
The process in which heat is constant is called adiabatic process.
The The process in which temperature is constant is called isothermal process.
The process in which pressure is constant is called isobaric process.
The P-V diagram for adiabatic , isothermal and isobaric process is given below.
Work done in process = area encloses by P-V diagram axis . Since area under the curve is maximum for adiabatic process which is shown in the above diagram. So, work done by the gas will be maximum for adiabatic process.
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If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is_______.
Answer:
mass number = 18
Explanation:
The mass number is the total amount of protons and neutrons in an atom. Therefore, if there are 8 protons and 10 neutrons, the mass number is 18 (8 + 10 = 18).
Formic acid is as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. the pka of formic acid is 3. 75. what is the reaction of formic acid (ch2o2) with water?
Formic acid (ch2o2) on reaction with water undergoes dissociation reaction.
Formic acid is the acid released by ant when it bites which causes us irritation.
It's formula is CH2O2 or HCOOH. and pH is 3.75.
In the case of dehydration, one hydrogen atom in the water molecule joins the hydroxyl group in the trans formic acid to form a new water molecule, while the hydrogen bonded to carbon in the acid breaks off to regenerate a water molecule.
Formic acid dissociates in water according to the equation:
HCOOH (aq) + H2O (l) = H3O + (aq) + HCOO- (aq)
Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed.
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The atomic models after dalton’s time included ideas about the atomic structure. which atomic model that shows the atomic structure is missing from this set? bohr’s model schrödinger’s model rutherford’s model thomson’s model
Which atomic model that shows the atomic structure is missing from this set?
Dalton’s model
In 1898, J. J. Thomson proposed the first of many atomic models to come as he made the proposition that the shape of an atom was like a sphere.
What is an Atomic Structure?This refers to the way and manner an atom is arranged and the things that are contained in it.
Hence, we can see that an atom contains:
ProtonsNeutronsNucleusTherefore, the atomic model that shows the atomic structure is missing from this set is Dalton's model.
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The complete question is:
The model of the atom has changed as scientists have gathered new evidence. Four models of the atom are shown below, but one important model is missing.
An image at left with overlapping red and blue balls in the center with a circular fuzzy green cloud outside them. An image at center left with a purple ball in the center surrounded by overlapping concentric black ovals, each with a small green ball on each of the 6 ovals. An image at center right with a large black cross in a purple circle with a black line around the purple, with 10 small green balls dispersed within the purple circle.
Which atomic model is missing from this set?
Bohr’s model
Dalton’s model
Rutherford’s model
Thomson’s model
Answer: B. schrodingers model
Explanation:
correct on edge
How could you distinguish a compound from a mixture ? Give three characteristics for each case.
Answer:
compound(C) mixture(M)
Explanation:
COMPOUNDS MIXTURES
(C)In nature they are homogeneous. (M)They can be homogeneous as well as heterogeneous in nature.
(C)They have a definite melting and boiling point. (M)They do not have any definite melting or boiling point.
(C)Example: Baking soda, salt, etc.(M) Example: Salt and sand, sugar and water.
What atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between c1 and c2 in ethane, ch3ch3 ?
Atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between c1 and c2 in ethane, ch3ch3 are one s orbital and 2 p orbital
Sigma bonds are the most powerful type of covalent chemical link. They are generated by atomic orbitals overlapping head-on. For diatomic molecules, sigma bonding is most readily explained using the language and tools of symmetry groups.
Chemical covalent bonds are sigma bonds and pi bonds. The overlap of atomic orbitals creates sigma and pi bonds. Sigma bonds are produced by overlapping from end to end, whereas Pi bonds are created when the lobe of one atomic orbital overlaps another.
Sigma bonding can be seen in the link between two hydrogen atoms. Sigma bonds are also formed between the sp3 orbitals of hybridized carbon and the s orbitals of hydrogen in methane.
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The oxygen consumption rate of a 200 kg seal is 10 ml/(g h). assuming that it has oxygen stores of 2 liters, how many minutes can it dive before running completely out of oxygen?
The oxygen consumption rate of a 200 kg seal is 10 ml/(g h). If it has oxygen stores of 2 liters, then minutes can it dive before running completely out of oxygen is 0.06min.
What is meant by oxygen consumption?Oxygen is one of the most vital element of the organism which is required by almost all the cellular and for all metabolic activities to perform body function.
It is consumed by the respiratory system and passed ro each cell by circulatory system of the body.
Given,
Mass of seal = 200kg = 200000 g
Rate of oxygen consumption = 10 ml/gh
The volume of stored O2 = 2000mL
The time of consumption is calculated as
t = V/mr
t = 2000/200000×10
t = 0.001 hrs
In minutes
t = 0.06min.
Thus 0.06min is required to dive out the oxygen stores of 2 litre.
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6. What is the expected product from the reaction of potassium with oxygen?
О ко
О K2O2
О K2O
KOz
Answer:
K2O2 and KO2 is the answer
Answer:
C.) K₂O
Explanation:
Potassium (K) always forms the cation K⁺.
Oxygen (O) always forms the anion O²⁻.
The ionic compound these two ions form must have an overall charge of 0. However, the dissimilar charges on the ions do not cancel out (+1 + (-2) = -1). Therefore, you need to have two K⁺ ions in the compound to balance the charges (+1 +1 + (-2) = 0).
The isotope 131i (iodine-131), which has a half-life of 8. 02 days, is used in nuclear medical imaging. what percentage of the original activity in the sample remains after 17. 5 days?
The percentage of the original sample which would remain after 17.5 days according to the given half-life of the isotope is; 22.06%.
What percentage of the original activity in the sample remains after 17.5 days?The given sample in discuss has a half life of; 8.02 days, this therefore indicates that after 17.5 days, the number of half-life periods completed is; 17.5/8.02 = 2.18 half-lifes.
Hence, the percentage of the original sample remaining after 17.5 days can be evaluated as follows;
N = 100% × (0.5)^2.18
N = 100 × 0.22
N = 22.06%.
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Write the empirical formula for at least four ionic compounds that could be formed from the following ions
Answer:
NH₄CN, NH₄IO₃, Fe(CN)₃, Fe(IO₃)₃
Explanation:
Cations (positively charged ions) can only form ionic bonds with anions (negatively charged ions). However, you can't just simply put one cation and one anion together to form a compound. Each compound needs to been neutral, or have an overall charge of 0. When cations and anions do not have charges that perfectly cancel, you need to modify the amount of each ion in the compound.
1.) NH₄CN
-----> NH₄⁺ and CN⁻
-----> +1 + (-1) = 0
2.) NH₄IO₃
-----> NH₄⁺ and IO₃⁻
-----> +1 + (-1) = 0
3.) Fe(CN)₃
-----> Fe³⁺ and CN⁻
-----> +3 + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) = 0
4.) Fe(IO₃)₃
-----> Fe³⁺ and IO₃⁻
-----> +3 + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) = 0
If you start with 3 moles of sodium and 3 moles of chlorine to produce sodium chloride, what is the limiting reagent?(you will need to balance the equation first.) na cl2 -> nacl
Sodium(Na) is the limiting reagent.
What is Limiting reagent?The reactant that is totally consumed during a reaction, or the limiting reagent, decides when the process comes to an end. The precise quantity of reactant required to react with another element may be estimated from the reaction stoichiometry.
How do you identify a limiting reagent?
The limiting reactant is the one that is consumed first and sets a limit on the quantity of product(s) that can be produced. Calculate how many moles of each reactant are present and contrast this ratio with the mole ratio of the reactants in the balanced chemical equation to get the limiting reactant.
Start by writing the balanced chemical equation that describes this reaction
[tex]2Na_{(s)} + Cl_{2 (g)} -- > 2NaCl_{(s)}[/tex]
Notice that the reaction consumes 2 moles of sodium metal for every 1 mole of chlorine gas that takes part in the reaction and produces 2 moles of sodium chloride.
now we can see that we have 3 moles of sodium and 3 moles of chlorine, according to question. so, we can say that sodium is the limiting reagent in the given situation.
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What is the molarity of a koh solution if 200 ml of the solution contains 0. 6 moles KOH?
3M
3M is the molarity of a koh solution if 200 ml of the solution contains 0. 6 moles KOH.
Molarity : Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute present in one liter of solution.
We know that,
Molarity = [tex]\frac{n*1000}{v}[/tex]
where,
n = moles of solute of KOH = 0.6
V= volume of solution in ml= 200 ml
Now on substituting the values in the molarity formula,
molarity = [tex]\frac{0.6*1000}{200}[/tex] = 3M/L
Therefore, molarity = 3M
What is meant by molarity?The amount of a substance in a specific volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The number of moles of a solute per liter of a solution is known as molarity. The molar concentration of a solution is another name for molarity.To learn more about molarity visit:
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A grating has 470 lines/mm. how many orders of the visible wavelength 538 nm can it produce in addition to the m = 0 order?
Three complete orders on each side of the m=0 order can be produced in addition to the m = 0 order.
The ruling separation is
d=1 / (470mm −1) = 2.1×10⁻³ mm
Diffraction lines occur at angles θ such that dsinθ=mλ, where λ is the wavelength and m is an integer.
Notice that for a given order, the line associated with a long wavelength is produced at a greater angle than the line associated with a shorter wavelength.
We take λ to be the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum (538nm) and find the greatest integer value of m such that θ is less than 90°.
That is, find the greatest integer value of m for which mλ<d.
since d / λ = 538×10⁻⁹m / 2.1×10 −6 m ≈ 3
that value is m=3.
There are three complete orders on each side of the m=0 order.
The second and third orders overlap.
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Liquid acetaminophen for children is labeled 180 mg 3 ml. what is the strength expressed as grams per ml?
Liquid acetaminophen for children is labeled 180 mg 3 ml. The strength expressed as grams per ml is 0.060.
What is acetaminophen?
Acetaminophen is a medicine that is used to treat all kind of pains. Headache, menstrual pain, stomach ache, etc. It also used to reduce fever and cold/cough.
Liquid acetaminophen for children is labeled as 180 mg/ 3ml
The 180 mg will be divided by 3 ml
180 mg/ 3ml = 60 mg/ml
The amount will be multiplied by 1 /1000 to get the quantity equal.
60 mg/ml x 1g / 1000 g
60 x 1/ 1000 mg/ml = 0.060
Thus, the strength expressed as grams per ml is 0.060.
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Nitrosyl fluoride (nof) has an atom sequence in which the central atom is n. what is the formal charge on the nitrogen atom?
The formal charge in the central metal atom Nitrogen atom is O.
Structure O=N=f formal charge on N = 0
Formal charge in a Lewis shape, for every atom, you need to count how many electrons. count number all of its lone pair electrons, and 1/2 of its bonding electrons. The difference among the atom's range of valence electrons and the range it owns is the formal rate
Nitrosyl fluoride is used as a solvent and as a fluorinating and nitrating agent in natural synthesis. It has additionally been proposed as an oxidizer in rocket propellants.
The guideline or method for assigning formal rate to atoms in Lewis systems is the subsequent: Formal fee = number of valence electrons - variety of lone-pair electrons + 1/2 range of bonding electrons.
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