Triphenylcarbinol( or triphenylmethanol) gets its phenyl groups from phenylmagnesium bromide.
Synthesis of triphenylcarbinol:
A typical laboratory experiment for demonstrating the Grignard reaction is the synthesis of triphenylmethanol using methyl benzoate, benzophenone, and phenylmagnesium bromide. Diethyl carbonate is a possible starting material.
Characteristics:
An organic substance is a triphenylmethanol. It is a white, crystalline substance that dissolves well in alcohol, diethyl ether, and benzene but not in water or petroleum ether. Due to the creation of a persistent "trityl" carbocation, it generates a bright yellow hue in very acidic solutions. Important dyes include several triphenylmethanol derivatives.Triphenylmethanol has a core tetrahedral carbon atom, three phenyls (Ph) rings, and an alcohol group attached to it. With lengths of around 1.47Å for all three C-Ph bonds and 1.42Å for the C-O link, these connections are characteristic of sp3-sp2 carbon-carbon bonds.Three neighboring phenyl groups give off specific qualities that are reflected in the alcohol's reactivity.Learn more about triphenylmethanol here:
https://brainly.com/question/15089315
#SPJ4
what is the pH value of Potassium hydroxide
Answer:
from 10-14
Explanation:
the pH of potassium hydroxide is extremely high and is a strong base although the exact value depends on the concentration of the base in water.
How many grams of pbcl2 are formed when 50. 0 ml of 0. 336 m kcl react with pb(no3)2?
2kcl(aq) pb(no3)2(aq) → 2kno3(aq) pbcl2(s)
2.3352 g of PbCl₂ are formed when 50. 0 ml of 0. 336 m KCl react with pb(no3)2.
The balanced equation for the above double displacement reaction is as follows;
2KCl + Pb(NO₃)₂ ---> PbCl₂ + 2KNO₃
Stoichiometry of KCl to PbCl₂ is 2:1
This means that 2 mol of KCl would react with every 1 mol of PbCl₂
The molarity of KCl = 0. 336 M
in 1 L of KCl, there are mol
Therefore in 50. 0 ml of KCl, there are= [tex]\frac{0. 336 * 50}{1000}[/tex]
Number of KCl moles reacted = 0.0168 mol
according to stoichiometry
number of PbCl₂ moles formed = 1/2 x number of KCl moles reacted
Therefore number of PbCl₂ moles formed = 0.0168 mol/2 = 0.0084 mol
molar mass of PbCl₂ = 278 g/mol
mass of PbCl₂ formed = 278 g/mol x 0.0084 mol = 2.3352 g
To know more about PbCl₂ refer to: https://brainly.com/question/9581816
#SPJ4
When an electron passes through the magnetic field of a horseshoe magnet, the electron's?
When an electron passes through the magnetic field of a horseshoe magnet, the electron's direction is changed.
Path of an electron in a magnetic field
The force (F) on wire of length L carrying a current I in a magnetic field of strength B is given by the equation:
F = BIL
But Q = It and since Q = e for an electron and v = L/t you can show that :
Magnetic force on an electron = BIL = B[e/t][vt] = Bev where v is the electron velocity
In a magnetic field the force is always at right angles to the motion of the electron (Fleming's left hand rule) and so the resulting path of the electron is circular.
Therefore :
Magnetic force = Bev = mv2/r = centripetal force
v = [Ber]/m
and so you can see from these equations that as the electron slows down the radius of its orbit decreases.
If the electron enters the field at an angle to the field direction the resulting path of the electron (or indeed any charged particle) will be helical. Such motion occurs above the poles of the Earth where charges particles from the Sun spiral through the Earth's field to produce the aurorae.
To learn more about electron : https://brainly.com/question/860094
#SPJ4
15 POINTS!! does anyone know the answer to this? is it A?
GIVING BRAINLIEST TO THE BEST EXPLANATION!!
Answer:
b.2
Explanation:
Answer:
Mole fraction of water(H₂O) is 0.5 and the mole fraction of CH₃OH(Methanol) is 0.5.
Explanation:
Greetings !
The molecular weight of CH₃OH(Methanol)=32g/mol
The number of moles of CH₃OH=
[tex] \frac{128g}{32g/mol} [/tex]
=4moles
The molecular weight of water H₂O =18g/mol
The number of moles of=
[tex] \frac{72g}{18g/mol} [/tex]
=4moles
Total number of moles in the solution =4mol + 4mol
=8mol
Mole fraction Methanol CH₃OH=
[tex] \frac{4mol}{8mol} [/tex]
=0.5mol
Hope it helps!
Benzene is often produced as a side product during grignard reactions using phenylmagnesium bromide. how can its formation be explained? give a balanced equation for its formation
Benzene is produced as a side product when water react with phenyl magnesium bromide during Grignard reactions.
What is Grignard Reaction ?The Grignard reaction involves an R-Mg-X, a carbon chain bound to a magnesium halide, used to form alcohols by attacking carbonyls such as in aldehydes or ketones.
Here R act as a nucleophile and Mg-X act as a electrophile. Instead of attacking carbonyl, which is present in the reaction, the benzene ring will attack water molecules present around, grabbing a H⁺ and pushing away MgBr .
The required reaction is :
PhMgBr + H₂O → Ph-H + MgBrOH
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that it is always advised to use dry Grignard to avoid this reaction.
Learn more about the GRIGNARD REACTION here :
brainly.com/question/23971610
#SPJ4
Which metal can be used as a sacrificial electrode to prevent the rusting of an iron pipe? auau cucu mnmn agag
Mn metal can be used as a sacrificial electrode to prevent the rusting of an iron pipe. So, the correct option is (c) Mn.
Commonly, sacrificial electrodes are employed to stop another metal from corroding or oxidising. A metal that is more reactive than the metal being shielded must serve as the sacrificial electrode. Magnesium, aluminium, and zinc are the three metals most frequently used in sacrificial anodes.
Manganese-Magnesium (Mn-Mg) electrode is more suited for on-shore pipelines where the electrolyte (soil or water) resistivity is higher since it has the highest negative electropotential of the three. In order to replenish any electrons that could have been lost during the oxidation of the shielded metal, the highly active metal offers its electrons.
Therefore, Mn metal can be used as a sacrificial electrode to prevent the rusting of an iron pipe. So, the correct option is (c) Mn.
Learn more about electrode here:
https://brainly.com/question/17060277
#SPJ4
When magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is produced. The amount of gas produced is dependent upon the concentration of hydrochloric acid. Below is the data for a reaction with 1 molar hydrochloric acid. Determine which of the choices shows possible data for a reaction with 2 molar hydrochloric acid. time (mins) 0 123TLON8S 4 5 6 7 9 10 1 M acid hydrogen (cm³) ARANY 17 ATE 230VEL TEEN 0 14 24 31 36 41 44 46 47 48 48
Magnesium is a metal that reacts quickly. Magnesium chloride or hydrogen gas will be produced during the reaction with hydrochloric acid. Following will happen as a result: Mg(s)+2HCl(aq)→MgCl2(aq)+H2(g).
What happens in the magnesium-hydrochloric acid equation reaction?The equation for how magnesium interacts with hydrochloric acid reads: Mg(s)+2 HCl(aq) = MgCl2(aq)+H (g) This experiment can be used to demonstrate the production of hydrogen gas, a single displacement reaction, or even the typical reaction for metals with acid.
Why do hydrochloric acid and magnesium produce heat?Because energy was released into the environment when magnesium or oxygen particle collide to create new bonds, burning magnesium is indeed an exothermic reaction. Baking soda and citric acid react endothermically when the temperature drops. As the temperature rises, magnesium or hydrochloric acid undergo exothermic reactions.
To know more about metal visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29404080
#SPJ1
What two molecules make up sucrose?
Answer:
glucose and fructose
Explanation:
Sucrose is a disaccharide (a kind of sugar made of two monosaccharides) made of glucose and fructose
C2h6(g) o2(g)→ express your answer as a chemical equation. identify all of the phases in your answer
Answer: 2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) → 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g)
Explanation:
Apologies for the error. Let me provide the correct balanced equation for the combustion of C2H6 (ethane) and address your additional question:
1. Combustion of Ethane (C2H6):
C2H6(g) + 3.5 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(g)
To remove the half-coefficient, you can multiply the entire equation by 2:
2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) → 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g)
2. Combustion of Propane (C3H8):
C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) → 3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g)
3. Combustion of Butane (C4H10):
C4H10(g) + 6.5 O2(g) → 4 CO2(g) + 5 H2O(g)
In all these reactions, the hydrocarbon (ethane, propane, butane) reacts with oxygen gas (O2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).2C2H6(g)+7O2(g)→4CO2(g)+6H2O(g)
Which state of matter is being described below? it cannot be squashed easily, spreads out slowly, is of medium density
Answer:
The correct answer, I think it's liquid
Answer:
I believe that it's liquid
________ is dissolved in water to make the solution sold commercially as rubbing alcohol.
Answer:
Isopropyl alcohol or Propan-2-ol
Explanation:
Hope it helps!
The chance of recurrence of a polygenic trait based on its known incidence in a particular population refers to _____.
The chance of recurrence of a polygenic trait based on its known incidence in a particular population refers to continuous variation
Polygenic is a trait that is controlled by a group of non-allelic genes. For example, humans can be many different sizes. Height is a polygenic trait, controlled by at least three genes with six alleles. If you are dominant for all of the alleles for height, then you will be very tall. Skin color is also a polygenic trait, as are hair and eye color. A trait that is controlled by a group of non-allelic genes.
Learn about polygenic trait
https://brainly.com/question/1430191?
#SPJ4
A solution has a [h3o ] of 1 × 10−5 m. what is the [oh−] of the solution? 9 m 14 m 1 × 10−9 m 1 × 10−14 m
option (c) 1 × 10-9 m is the right answer.
The [oh−] of the solution having a [h3o ] of 1 × 10−5 m is 1 × 10-9 m.
What is [OH−] of the solution?The only component of water is H2O, and when the pH of the solution is 7, all of the ions have the same concentration, whereas during dissociation the water splits into H+ and OH- ions.
The concentration of OH- ions will be,
OH- = Kw {H3O+}
{H3O+} = 1 × 10−5 M.
Kw = 14
On substituting the value in the equation,
OH = 14 { 1 × 10−5 M.}
OH = 1 × 10−9 M
Consequently, the [H3O+] of the solution is 1 × 10-5 M.
Option (C) is the right choice because the [OH-] of the solution will be 1 × 10-9 M.
To learn more about [OH-] of the solution visit:
https://brainly.com/question/24134121
#SPJ4
what is the nature of ions formed by different atoms.
The nature of ions formed by different atoms is as follows:
Metal atoms form positively-charged ionsNon-metal atoms form negatively-charged ionsWhat are ions?
Ions are substances which are formed when neutral atoms gain or lose electrons.
There are two types of ions based on the charge the ion carries;
anions - which are negatively-chargedcations - which are positively-chargedThe nature of the ions formed by different atoms depend on whether the atoms are atoms of metals or atoms of non-metals.
Metal atoms form positively-charged ions by the loss of one or more electrons as illustrated below:
M → M⁺ + e⁻where; M is a metal atom, M⁺ is a metal ion, and e⁻ is an electron.
Non-metal atoms form negatively-charged ions by the gain of one or more electrons as illustrated below:
N + e⁻ → N⁻where; N is a non-metal atom, N⁻ is a non-metal ion, and e⁻ is an electron.
In conclusion, the nature of ions formed by atoms depends on the nature of the atom, whether they are metallic or non-metallic atoms.
Learn more about ions at: https://brainly.com/question/14511468
#SPJ1
Small, non-polar molecules exhibit a higher rate of diffusion than large, charged ones.
a. true
b. false
When comparing the titration curves for the titration of a strong acid with a strong base and the titration of a weak acid with a strong base, which portion of the curves will be the most similar?
When comparing the titration curves for the titration of a strong acid with a strong base and the titration of a weak acid with a strong base, pH increases when we reach the equivalent point.
In strong acid and strong baseInitially the pH rises little by little. This is because the scale of the pH increases is logarithmic. Then it rises sharply near the equivalent point. At this point the remaining hydronium ions are low, and only a small amount of hydroxide ion is needed to raise the pH.
For weak acid and strong baseWeak acid has low pH but second point is firstly the pH rises faster but less quickly when approaching the equivalent point.
The pH produced by titration of weak acid with strong base rises faster at first but less quickly when approaching the equivalent point.
learn more about titration curve:
https://brainly.com/question/2728613
#SPJ4
O.25 moles of SO₂ will contain
A.2.5055*10^23
B.1.5055*10^23
C.3.5055*10^23
D.4.5055*10^23
Explanation:
number of mole s of H
2
= 0.25 moles
number of molecules = moles * Avogadro’s Number
number of molecules = 0.25×(6.022×10
23
)
number of molecules = 1.505×10
23
single molecule of hydrogen contains two H-atoms. So,
number of atoms = 2×(1.505×10
23
) = 3.01×10
23
The empirical formula of the sugar glucose is ch2o. if the relative molecular mass of glucose is measured to be 180.16 g/mol then what is the molecular formula for glucose?
Answer:
18016
Explanation:
(empirical formula)n=molar mass
Answer: C_6 H_12 O_6
Explanation: The molar mass of glucose is given as 180.16 gm/mol.
It is 40% carbon, so the weight of the carbon is 40% of 180.16 =72.06 gm. The molar weight of the carbon is 12.011 gm, so the total number of the moles of carbon are 72.06/12.011 = 6 moles.
It is 6.719% of hydrogen, so the weight of the hydrogen is 6.719% of 180.16 = 12.105 gm. The molar weight of the hydrogen is 1.008 gm, so the total number of the moles of hydrogen are 12.105/1.008 = 12 moles.
It is 53.27% of oxygen, so the weight of the oxygen is 53.27% of 180.16 = 95.97 gm. The molar weight of the oxygen is 16 gm, so the total number of the moles of oxygen are 95.97/16 = 6 moles.
If the molar mass of na2so4•nh2o is 304.04 g/mol, what is the hydration number 'n'?
Hydration number is 9
Given:
molar mass of na2so4•nh2o = 304.04 g/mol
To Find:
hydration number 'n'
Solution: hydration number is the number of molecules of water with which an ion can combine in an aqueous solution of given concentration.
Atomic mass of Na = 23g
S = 32g
0 = 16g
H = 1g
Molar mass of the compound is evaluated as:
2(23) +32 + 4(16) + n[2(1) +16] = 304.04
46 +32 +64 +18n = 304.04
142 +18n = 304.04
18n = 304.04 - 142
18n = 162.04
n = 9
So, hydration number is 9
Learn more about Hydration number here:
https://brainly.com/question/1313076
#SPJ4
Which pair of reactants will undergo aldol condensation to produce methyl vinyl ketone?
The pair of reactants which will undergo aldol condensation to produce methyl vinyl ketone is formaldehyde and acetone.
What is aldol condensation?
It occurs only with aldehydes but only those aldehydes which are having alpha hydrogen within them because when two different forms of aldehydes react the elimination of waters molecule occurs which needs one alpha hydrogen within it.
CH₂O + CH3COCH3 will give methyl vinyl ketone elimination of water molecule has to be done.
Therefore, the pair of reactants which will undergo aldol condensation
to produce methyl vinyl ketone are formaldehyde and acetone.
learn more about aldol condensation, here:
https://brainly.com/question/9415260
#SPJ4
One means of enriching the percentage of uranium-235 for use as nuclear fuel is _____. group of answer choices
Uranium,means of enriching the percentage of uranium-235 for use as nuclear fuel. The most popular fuel for nuclear fission in nuclear power plants is uranium. A specific variety of uranium, U-235, is used as fuel in nuclear power reactors because its atoms are simple to separate.
U-235, which makes up little over 0.7% of natural uranium while being nearly 100 times more prevalent than silver, is relatively uncommon.Commercially, the U235 isotope is processed further to produce nuclear fuel after being enriched to 3 to 5% (from its native form of 0.7%).
Uranium oxide is transformed at the conversion facility into uranium hexafluoride (UF6), which can then be used in enrichment facilities. Low enriched uranium (LEU) fuel, which is used in the majority of nuclear power plants' light water reactors, can be replaced by MOX fuel.
The most popular fuel for nuclear fission in nuclear power plants is uranium. A specific variety of uranium, U-235, is used as fuel in nuclear power reactors because its atoms are simple to separate. U-235, which makes up little over 0.7% of natural uranium while being nearly 100 times more prevalent than silver, is relatively uncommon.
learn more about uranium-235 https://brainly.com/question/26826312
#SPJ4
If it takes 35. 04 ml of a 0. 2455 m naoh solution to neutralize 25. 00 ml of an unknown hcl solution, what is the molarity of the hcl solution?
If it takes 35.04ml of a 0.2455M NaOH solution to neutralize 25. 00ml of an unknown HCl solution, the molarity of the HCl solution is 0.34M.
How to calculate molarity?The molarity of a solution can be calculated using the following formula:
C1V1 = C2V2
Where;
C1 = molarity of acidC2 = molarity of baseV1 = volume of acidV2 = volume of baseAccording to this question, it takes 35. 04ml of a 0. 2455M NaOH solution to neutralize 25.00ml of an unknown HCl solution. The molarity of the HCl can be calculated as follows:
35.04 × 0.2455 = 25.0 × V2
8.602 = 25C2
C2 = 8.6/25
C2 = 0.34M
As a result, the molarity of the HCl solution is 0.34M if it takes 35. 04ml of a 0.2455M NaOH solution to neutralize 25ml of an unknown HCl solution.
Learn more about molarity at: https://brainly.com/question/8732513
#SPJ1
The heating element of a hair dryer dissipates 1500 w when connected to a 180 v outlet. part a what is its resistance?
The resistance of the heating element is 21.61 Ω
Given
The power dissipated = 1500 W
Voltage = 180 V
We know that
Power = Voltage * Current
⇒ Power / Voltage = Current
⇒ 1500 W/180 V = Current
⇒ 8.33 A = Current
In order to calculate the resistance of the heating element. We Have to apply the formula
Power = (Current)^2 * Resistance
⇒ Resistance = Power / (Current)^2
⇒ Resistance = 1500 W/ (8.33) ^2
⇒ Resistance = 21.61 Ω
Hence the resistance of the heating element is 21.61 Ω
Learn more about resistance here: -
“ https://brainly.com/question/17330679 “
#SPJ4
A piece of wood near a fire is at 23°c. it gains 1,160 joules of heat from the fire and reaches a temperature of 42°c. the specific heat capacity of wood is 1.716 joules/gram degree celsius. what is the mass of the piece of wood?
The mass of the piece of wood is 35.58 g.
Joule = M × T × C
Where, M = mass
T = change in temperature(42C-23C=19 C)
C = specific heat capacity = 1.716 joules/gram
Substituting the values in the equation,
1160 = M × 19 × 1.716
M = 1160/32.604 = 35.58 g
Therefore, the mass of the piece of wood = 35.58 g
What is meant by specific heat capacity?A material's specific heat capacity, which is defined as its heat capacity divided by its mass, determines how much energy is required to increase a gram's temperature by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin)
What is mass?Mass is the quantity of matter in a physical body.
To learn more about specific heat capacity visit:
https://brainly.com/question/1747943
#SPJ4
This family (ethane, propane, butane, etc) of materials is likely to have what set of properties?
This family (ethane, propane, butane, etc) of materials is likely to have following set of properties.
The alkanes are non- polar solvents.The alkanes are immiscible in water but freely miscible in other non-polar solvent .The alkanes are consisting of weak dipole dipole bonds can not breaks the strong hydrogen bond.The alkanes having only carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atom which is bonded by a single bonds only.The alkanes posses weak force of attraction that is weak van der waals force of attraction.The ethane, propane, butane, belong to alkanes family.The alkanes are also considers as saturated hudrocarbons. Ethane is found in gaseous stae Ethane is the second alkane followed by propane followed by butane.
learn about butane
https://brainly.com/question/14818671
#SPJ4
A compound composed of 3. 3 % h, 19. 3 % c, and 77. 4 % o has a molar mass of approximately 60 g/mol. What is the molecular formula of the compound?.
The molecular formula of the given compound is [tex]$\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$[/tex] also known as Carbonic acid.
What is empirical formula and molecular formula?The simplest whole-number ratio of the various atoms in a compound is represented by an empirical formula.
The precise number of various atom types present in a compound's molecule is indicated by the molecular formula.
Given that,
H = 3.3%
C = 19.3%
O = 77.4%
No. of moles of H = 3.3/1
No. of moles of H = 3.3
No. of moles of C = 19.3 / 12
No. of moles of C = 1.60
No. of moles of O = 77.4/16
No. of moles of O = 4.83
Therefore, the ratio of the atoms of C, H and O = 3.3 : 1.60 : 4.83
Divide by smallest value which you get =3.3 / 1.60 : 1.60 / 1.60 : 4.83 / 1.60
The ratio of the atoms of C, H and O = 2 : 1 : 3
So, the empirical formula is [tex]$\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2}$[/tex]
Let the molecular formula is [tex]$\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\right) \mathrm{n}$[/tex]
Then, molar mass [tex]$=(2 \times 1+1 \times 12+3 \times 16) n\\[/tex]
Molar mass = 62n
As the question, 62 n = 60
n = 0.96 or n = 1 (rounded off to nearest ones)
So, the molecular formula is [tex]$\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\right) 1=\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$[/tex] i.e., the compound is Carbonic acid.
To know more about molecular formula visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14425592
#SPJ4
A piece of metal was heated and then put it into 100.0 mL of water, initially at 21.2 *C. The metal and water were allowed to come to an equilibrium temperature, determined to be 32.0 *C. How much energy did the water absorb? (look at picture)
Answer:
4510 J
Explanation:
To calculate the energy of the water, you need to use the following equation:
Q = mcΔT
In this equation,
-----> Q = energy/heat (J)
-----> m = mass (g)
-----> c = specific heat capacity (J/g°C)
-----> ΔT = change in temperature (°C)
First, you need to determine the mass of the water. To do this, you need to multiply the given volume by the density of water (1.00 g/mL).
100.0 mL H₂O 1.00 g
------------------------ x ------------ = 100.0 g H₂O
1 mL
Now, you can plug the given values into the equation and solve for "Q" (Q = [tex]q_H_2_O[/tex]). The final answer should have 3 significant figures to match the given values with the lowest number of sig figs.
Q = ? J c = 4.18 J/g°C
m = 100.0 g ΔT = 32.0 °C - 21.2 °C = 10.8 °C
Q = mcΔT
Q = (100.0 g)(4.18 J/g°C)(10.8 °C)
Q = 4510 J
4510Answer:
Explanation:
type of molecule is shown below?
H
O=C
H
Answer:
Carbonyl
Explanation:
While the diagram is slightly unclear, the molecule most likely being shown is a carbonyl. A molecule is a carbonyl when there is a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen.
What is the concentration of the hydroxide ion given that the concentration of the hydronium ion?
The concentration of the hydroxide ion given that the concentration of the hydronium ion 1.0 times 10^-14 M. The reverse mathematical method used to determine the pOH can be used to get the hydroxide ion concentration from the pOH. How many hydroxide ions are there in a solution with a pOH of 5.70, for instance.
Calculate 10-5.70, or "inverse" log, on a calculator (- 5.70). It indicates that one hydroxide ion is produced by one part of the NaOH solution. Because of this, the molar concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution is the same as the molar concentration of the NaOH.
To learn more about hydroxide, click here.
https://brainly.com/question/4251554
#SPJ4
Natalie observes these characteristics in the model of an atom. (i) includes positive charge (ii) contains electrons (iii) explains the photoelectric effect (iv) suggests the probable location of electrons
Natalie is observing electron cloud model of an atom.
What is electron cloud model?The electron cloud model is a representation of an atom that has a small, massive nucleus that is encircled by a cloud of electrons that are traveling quickly. According to the electron cloud model, although we can never be certain of an electron's precise location, it is more likely that they are in certain regions.It is created by Erwin Schrodinger.Due to the uncertainty principle, the electron cloud model establishes the zone of probability describing the electron's location.The electromagnetic force pulls the electrons of an atom toward the protons in the nucleus. The electrons are constrained by this force inside an electric potential well surrounding the smaller nucleus, therefore an external energy source is required for the electron to escape.Learn more about electron cloud model here:
https://brainly.com/question/1372327
#SPJ4