The required rate of return is 12.97%
What is the required rate of return?
The required rate of return is the rate of return that investors expect from the stock based on its current price GHS 15.00 per share and its forecast dividends.
The stock price is the present value of future dividends discounted at the required rate of return, the unknown
The dividends for the next 3 years would grow at the rate of 10%
Year 1 dividend=1.00*(1+10%)
Year 1 dividend=1.10
Year 2 dividend=1.10*(1+10%)
Year 2 dividend=1.21
Year 3 dividend=1.21*(1+10%)
Year 3 dividend=1.331
Dividend in year 4 and thereafter(forever, that the terminal value) would grow at the rate of 5%
Year 4 dividend=1.331*(1+5%)
Year 4 dividend=1.39755
Terminal value=Year 4 dividend*(1+g)/(r-g)
g=terminal growth rate=5%
r=unknown return
terminal value=1.39755*(1+5%)/(r-g)
share price=1.10/(1+r)^1+1.21/(1+r)^2+1.331/(1+r)^3+1.39755/(1+r)^4+1.39755*(1+5%)/(r-g)/(1+r)^4
we need the value of r such that share price 15.00
Using a trial and error approach, I got 12.97%
share price=1.10/(1+12.97%)^1+1.21/(1+12.97%)^2+1.331/(1+12.97%)^3+1.39755/(1+12.97%)^4+1.39755*(1+5%)/(r-12.97%)/(1+12.97%)^4
share price=15.01
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Based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model assuming the securities are correctly priced and given the following information, what is the return on the market?
Security Beta Expected Return
Katmai Outfitters 0.74 0.087
Wrangell Adventures 1.63 0.159
Th return on the market is 0.08.
What is the return on the market?According to the capital asset pricing model, the expected return of an asset is a function of the risk free rate, beta and return on the market.
Expected return = risk free rate + (beta x return on the market)
0.087 = a + 0.74b
0.159 = a + 1.63b
Where:
a = risk free rate
b = return on the market
Subtract equation 1 from equation 2
0.072 = 0.89b
b = 0.072 / 0.89
b = 0.08
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a. In 2009, XYZ Enterprises negotiated and closed a long-term lease contract for newly constructed truck terminals and freight storage facilities. The buildings were constructed on land owned by the company. On January 1, 2010, XYZ took possession of the leased property. 20-year lease is effective for the period January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2029. Advance rental payments of $800,000 are payable to the lessor (owner of facilities) on January 1 of each of the first 10 years of the lease term. Advance payments of $400,000 are due on January 1 for each of the last 10 years of the lease term. XYZ has an option to purchase all the leased facilities for $1 on December 31, 2029. At the time the lease was negotiated, the fair market value of the truck terminals and freight storage facilities was approximately $7,200,000. If the company had borrowed the money to purchase the facilities, it would have had to pay 10% interest. Should the company have purchased rather than leased the facilities?
XYZ Enterprises should lease the newly constructed truck terminals and freight storage facilities instead of purchasing them.
How is the lease cost calculated?The lease cost can be calculated by finding the present value of the annual lease payments.
The present value of the annual lease payments represents the discounted value of the future cash outflows.
The PV annuity factor can be used to compute the total lease cost in present value, as follows:
Data and Calculations:Lease Option:
Interest rate = 10%
Lease period = 20 years
Lease PV Annuity Factor PV
Annual lease cost for 1st 10 years $800,000 6.145 $4,916,000
Annual lease cost for 20 years $400,000 8.514 $3,405,600
Less Annual lease cost 2nd 10 years 400,000 6.145 (2,458,000)
Total Present Value of Lease Cost = $5,863,600
Purchase Option:
Fair market value = $7,200,000
Given the present values of the two options, XYZ Enterprises is advised to lease instead of purchasing the facilities.
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Which company is best for Barrie Insulation?
I have been sourcing the internet for various Barrie Insulation and found this company.
http://www.sprayfoammasters.ca/
this is in the Barrie region. Has anyone done something similar recently and what was your experience?
If anyone knows about the best company of Spray Foam insulation in barrie then help me.
To check out and use a good installation company, you should check out the following:
Check for references and reviews.Do they meet the licencing and insurance requirements?Check an experienced company.Ask for an estimate.What is insulation?This is known to be the process of stopping the passage of heat from one medium to another.
Carbon dioxide acts as an insulator in the atmosphere that absorbs heat and keeps the atmosphere warm through insulation and radiation.
Hence, it is important to note that the purpose of insulators in your home is to provide resistance to heat flow and lower your heating and cooling costs.
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Case 3:
Glenmark is an Indian-based multinational pharmaceutical company with approximately $30
billion in sales annually. In the 2021 Annual Report, the Indian company indicated $5.94 billion
dedicated to research and development (R&D). Moreover, the pharmaceutical company spent
$10.19 billion in marketing and sales in 2021. R&D and marketing expenses represent a large
portion of their total fixed costs with more than $16 billion! With this amount injected, Glenmark
creates a barrier to entry for other firms that are considering whether to enter the pharmaceutical
market or not.
It is only by going global through a large distribution network will Glenmark be able to benefit
from economies of scale. By going global, Glenmark will target more customers and spread their
fixed costs better. This also explains why multinational company has such high marketing costs.
1. Explain whether the capital expenditures by the company is justified and be able to increase
market share in future?
2. Are there any suggestions you would like to give to make its fixed costs better?
(Minimum 500 Words.)
The capital expenditure based on the information given is justified.
How to illustrate the information?It should be noted that capital expenditure are the expenditure that are used to create revenue for the company.
Every company in the world needs to improve its existing products and introduce new products. Therefore, marketing and RnD expenditure will they continue to be a dominant player in the industry. Therefore, capital expenditure is justified
One of the ways to improve fixed cost is to have strict control over costs, identify and remove unnecessary costs from the system. Also, one can reduce the number of salaried employees on staff and then shop around for lower insurance premiums.
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Dr Robyn Miekle
Robyn owns a music production company Gala Music (Pty) Ltd (“Gala”). The primary function of a music production company is to locate artists and facilitate the recording, manufacturing, and distribution of musical products. Gala entered into an agreement with Buntu Events (Pty) Ltd (“Buntu”). Buntu is a full-service event planning company that provides complete planning, consulting, and supervision for both corporate and social events. In this agreement, Gala will provide performing artists for Buntu’s Durban July party on 2 July 2022, and in exchange Buntu will waive the performers' registration fee of R28 750 (VAT inclusive).
Gala charges R11 500 (VAT inclusive) booking fees (not registration fee) for its artists per event. Gala will provide three performing artists for Buntu’s Durban July party on 2 July 2022. Both companies have 30 June year ends and both are registered vendors in terms of the Value-Added Tax Act, 1991 (Act 89 of 1991), as amended.
With reference to the paragraph “Dr Robyn Miekle”, discuss in terms of the Value-Added Tax Act, 1991 (Act 89 of 1991) and applicable case law, if any, the output tax consequences for Gala Music (Pty) Ltd of entering into the agreement with Buntu Events (Pty) Ltd for the year ended 30 June 2023. For this question, assume that Gala Music (Pty) Ltd had not received nor issued a valid tax invoice.
6
The will be no output tax consequences for Gala Music (Pty) Ltd for entering into the agreement with Buntu Events (Pty) Ltd for the year ended 30 June 2023 under the Value-Added Tax Act 1991.
What was the Value-Added Tax Act 1991?It was a federal legislation that impose and charge Value Added Tax on certain goods and services and to provide for the administration of the tax and matters.
The Value-Added Tax Section 89 of 1991 Act does the follwing:
provide for taxation in respect of the supply of goods and services and the importation of goodsamend the Transfer Duty Act, 1949amend the Stamp Duties Act, 1968repeal the Sales Tax Act, 1978.Because the Value-Added Tax have been abandoned for a long time in the country, there will be no output tax consequences for Gala Music (Pty) Ltd for entering into the agreement with Buntu Events (Pty) Ltd for the year ended 30 June 2023 under the Value-Added Tax Act 1991.
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Explain this statement:
governments should use fiscal policies to keep the economy moving, even if a little hobbled.
The use of taxation and expenditure by the government to affect the economy is known as fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is often used by governments to encourage robust, long-term growth and to lower poverty.
When the economy is weak, fiscal policy can help maintain private sector incomes and aggregate demand. When the economy is strong, fiscal policy can help moderate economic activity. The so-called "automatic fiscal stabilisers" are a key stabilizing component of fiscal policy.
Economic growth can be significantly influenced by fiscal policy. Countercyclical fiscal expansion can aid in sustaining aggregate demand and GDP in the short run during cyclical downturns.
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What are the steps to consider when enrolling your participating brokerage account in the broker data import program as a newly hired professional
The steps to consider when enrolling your participating brokerage account in the broker data import program as a newly hired professional are
Give your broker the signed authorization form that you have already finished submitting.You must manually report the investments if the import will not take place before the deadline.Notify the appropriate parties and activate your brokerage accountIndependence & Conflicts Network must receive your fully filled-out authorization form in order to process your request.This is further explained below.
What is a brokerage account?Generally, Broker Data Import Program (BDIP) is a function of the Tracking & Trading System that enables professionals to get automatic downloads of their financial assets from their approved brokerage accounts. This capability helps professionals to more efficiently manage their investments.
In conclusion, You may purchase and sell a wide range of products using an investment account known as a brokerage account. These investments include stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Whether you are putting money away for the future or saving up for a significant purchase, you have complete freedom over how and when you use the money you have set aside.
Give your broker the signed authorization form that you have already finished submitting.You must manually report the investments if the import will not take place before the deadline.Notify the appropriate parties and activate your brokerage accountIndependence & Conflicts Network must receive your fully filled-out authorization form in order to process your request.Read more about a brokerage account
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_________ are industry-specific factors that separate one strategic group from another.
Answer: Mobility Barriers
Explanation:
Mobility Barriers are industry-specific factors that separate one strategic group from another.
What is the first step in communicating a message?
1) Selecting a course of action
2) Sensing a communication need
3) Sending a message
4) Composing a message
Answer:
1) Selecting a course of action
smith and wesson, a firearms maker has experienced significant change to its business due to the influence of the internet. In the past, the company focused on making rifles but more recently has changed its attention to marketing and the news media, which has caused a shift in how management functions in smith and wesson focused on in making the change?
The correct answer is Option A: Organizing. The management function that Smith and Wesson focused on in making the change is Organizing.
Organizing is a managerial task that enables managers to carry out their goals by properly allocating team members, distributing firm resources, or allocating workplace resources. To ensure that every aspect of an organization runs effectively, effective business management calls for careful attention to detail and meticulously crafted procedures.
Designing individual tasks inside the company is another aspect of organizing. Decisions must be made regarding each of the job's obligations and responsibilities, as well as how those obligations should be fulfilled. Decisions about the organization's jobs' type are frequently referred to as "job design" decisions.
Smith and Wesson, a firearms maker has experienced significant change to its business due to the influence of the Internet. In the past, the company focused on making rifles but more recently has changed its attention to marketing and the news media, which has caused a shift in how the company’s resources can best be used to create goods and services. Which of the management functions is Smith and Wesson focused on in making the change?
A. Organizing
B. Planning
C. Controlling
D. Leading
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In a manufacturing company, which budget is used as the basis for creating the direct materials budget, the direct labor budget, and the manufacturing overhead budget?.
The production budget is used as the basis for creating the direct materials budget, the direct labour budget, and the manufacturing overhead budget
Production budgets are used by manufacturing organizations to determine how many product units will be produced.
Sales projections are used to calculate the production budget. Regarding projected inventory levels, it is modified in accordance with the company's inventory policy.
A manufacturer creates cost budgets for the direct materials, direct labour, and overhead costs needed for manufacturing based on the production budget.
The following formula is used in the production budget to estimate how many units will be produced over a given period:
Budgeted sales units - Opening finished goods stock minus Closing finished goods stock equals the production budget.
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Companies create separate marketing plans for their product lines because
it is easier for the company to keep track of products if the marketer generates different plans
customers buy from different product lines for different reasons and pay different prices
customers enjoy receiving a variety of promotions from the companies they buy from
O there is little overlap in the customer base of people buying from different product lines
Most companies create separate marketing plans for their product lines because customers buy from different product lines for different reasons and pay different prices.
What is a separate marketing plans?These refers to the varieties of distinct marketing plan that an organization used in planning how to outreach to target a specific market.
Hence, majority of companies maintains a separate marketing plans for their product lines because customers buy from different product lines for different reasons and pay different prices.
Therefore, the Option B is correct.
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Wilson Co. is considering two mutually exclusive projects. Both require an initial investment of $9,100 at t = 0. Project X has an expected life of 2 years with after-tax cash inflows of $5,500 and $9,400 at the end of Years 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, Project X can be repeated at the end of Year 2 with no changes in its cash flows. Project Y has an expected life of 4 years with after-tax cash inflows of $3,800 at the end of each of the next 4 years. Each project has a WACC of 9%. What is the equivalent annual annuity of the most profitable project? Do not round intermediate calculations.
Based on the cash flows of the two projects, the equivalent annual annuity of the most profitable project is $1,866.83.
Which project is more profitable?The project that is more profitable is the project with the higher Net Present Value.
The Net Present value can be found by adding the present values of the cashflows for a project.
Project X NPV is:
= -9,100 + 5,500 / 1.11 + 8,200 / 1.11²
= $2,510.26
The NPV for Project Y is:
= -9,100 + Present value of $4,800 over 4 years at 11%
= $5,791.74
The more profitable project is therefore Project Y.
The equivalent annual annuity of the most profitable project is:
= 5,791.74 / 4 years
= $1,866.83
In conclusion, the equivalent annual annuity of the most profitable project is $1,866.83
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Power Electronics company supplies micro computer circuitry to a company that incorporates microprocessors into refrigerators and other home appliances. One of the components has an annual demand of 2500 units and this is constant throughout the year. Carrying costs are estimated to be P10 per unit per year and the ordering cost is P200 per order.
Answer:
The quanitity per order that minimizes the cost is 137.84 units.
Explanation:
The EOQ or economic order quantity is the quantity that should be ordered per order to minimize the cost of ordering and holding inventory. To calculate the number of units that should be ordered per order to minimize cost, we need to calculate the EOQ.
EOQ = √(2*D*O)/H
Where,
D is the annual demand in units
O is the ordering cost per order
H is the holding/carrying cost per unit per annum
Thus,
EOQ = √(2 * 250 * 19)/0.5
EOQ = 137.84
b. Last year the company exchanged a piece of land for a non-interest-bearing note. The note is to be paid at the rate of $15,000 per year for 9 years, beginning one year from the date of disposal of the land. An appropriate rate of interest for the note was 11%. At the time the land was originally purchased, it cost $90,000. What is the fair value (Present value) of the note?
The fair value (present value) of the non-interest-bearing note, using an appropriate interest rate, is $83,055.71.
What is the present value?The present value represents future cash flows discounted to today's value.
The present value is calculated using the PV factor or formula.
We can also compute the present value of the note using an online finance calculator, as below.
Data and Calculations:Original cost price = $90,000
N (# of periods) = 9 years
I/Y (Interest per year) = 11%
PMT (Periodic Payment) = $15,000
FV (Future Value) = $135,000 ($90, 000 x 9)
Results:
Present Value (PV) = $ 83,055.71
Sum of all periodic payments = $135,000.00
Total Interest = $51,944.29
Thus, the fair value (present value) of $83,055.71 shows that the company paid less than the cost price of the land.
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Cornerstone Industries has a bond outstanding that has a 5% coupon rate, $1,000 face value, and a market price of $897.34. If the bond matures in 5 years and interest is paid on a semi-annual basis, what is the yield to maturity on the bond? % format to 2 decimal places
7.5% is the yield to maturity on the bond.
A bond is a sort of instrument in which the issuer owes the bearer a debt and is required, depending on the terms, to repay the bond's principal and interest over a predetermined period of time at the bond's maturity date. Interest is often paid at regular intervals.
Bonds can be identified by their maturity, coupon rate, tax status, and callability, among other attributes. Bonds are subject to a number of hazards, including interest rate risk, credit/default risk, and prepayment risk.
In international trade, the phrase "Carriage Paid To" (CPT) denotes that the seller delivers the products at their expense to a carrier or another person whom the seller designates. As long as the products are not in the designated party's care, the seller is responsible for all risks, including loss.
FV(future value)= 1000
PV(present value)= -897.34
PMT(a payment)= .05(1000)/2= 25
= 5N(2)= 10
I/Y=?
CPT I/Y= 3.75(2)= 7.5
Therefore,7.5% is the yield to maturity on the bond.
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13. An open buyer agency agreement
a. allows the agent to collect compensation from both the buyer and seller.
b. is an exclusive agency contract between a buyer and a broker.
c. states that only the broker who actually locates the property the buyer eventually purchases is entitled to the commission.
d. allows the listing broker to charge back 3% of the sell price to the buyer's broker.
An open buyer agency agreement is option(c) i.e, states that only the broker who actually locates the property the buyer eventually purchases is entitled to the commission.
In an open buyer agency arrangement, no agent is granted exclusivity, and the buyer is free to work with as many agents as she likes to discover the right property. The only agent who is entitled to compensation is the one who found the property that the buyer purchases.
An agency agreement outlines the conditions of the agency, including what the agent is allowed to do and how much is paid for the agent's services. The agreement also grants the agent the power that the principal specifies, such as the only able to act in her place. The duration of the contract, compensation and a description of the kind of home the buyer is looking for are the main components of the buyer-broker agreement.
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For retirement planning purposes, financial advisors often suggest that retirees have an income source that provides about _____________ percent of their wages when they were working.
For retirement planning purposes, financial advisors often suggest that retirees have an income source that provides about 70 percent of their wages when they were working.
What is retirement planning?Retirement planning can be defined as the way of planning ahead of your retirement by either saving or investing so as to have something to fall back to after retirement.
Hence, financial advisors often say that retirees must have a source of source that will provides about 70 percent of their wages when they were working so as to live at a comfortable level after retirement.
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The purpose of making a learning document is to
The purpose of making a learning document is to check to see if the learning needed to get the desired results is actually occurring.
More about learning document:
Making thought about learning processes visible, meaningful, shareable, and amplified is accomplished through the process of documenting learning.
By assisting students in reflecting on and articulating their own learning processes, it supports student-driven learning. Additionally, it supports teachers' reflection on their own growth and instructional methods.
When teachers and their students co-create together, both parties acquire important insights that guide current learning and encourage students to become active learners.
This learning document explains the objectives and various forms of documentation and gives real-world examples of documentation in educational settings
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A successful organization can involve its employees in the control system in all of the following ways EXCEPT
D) regulating its behavior; involving employees in the control system is good for an organization but except in regulating its behavior.
More about Organizational Control System:
Organizational control system is crucial to understanding how the organization is doing, spotting problem areas, and then taking the necessary action.
There are three basic types of control systems available to executives:
Output control : The focus of output control is on quantifiable results for the organization. In output control, executives must choose the acceptable performance threshold, inform staff members of the general expectations, monitor whether performance metrics are in line with targets, and make any necessary adjustments.
Behavioral control: In contrast to output control, which focuses on results, behavioral control typically focuses on controlling the activities. Particularly, special procedures and regulations are utilized to shape or impose behavior.
Clan control: Clan control is a non-standardized type of control. It depends on shared traditions, expectations, values, and norms.
Complete Question:
A successful organization can involve its employees in the control system in all of the following ways EXCEPT
A) setting realistic performance results.
B) emphasizing development and improvement.
C) encouraging good communication and mutual participation.
D) regulating its behavior.
E) presenting data in understandable terms.
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What is a documentary stamp tax?
A documentary stamp tax is a transfer tax established on the price of the property being conveyed. Someone who possesses all ownership stakes in real property owns. legal title to the real effects.
What is a documentary stamp used for?Proprietary stamps paid tax obligations on goods like alcohol and tobacco, and were also used for various benefits, while Documentary stamps paid assignments on legal documents, mortgage deeds, stocks and a fair number of other legal transactions.
Who will pay the documentary stamp tax?The tax is paid by the person creating, signing, issuing, accepting or transferring the records. However, whenever one party to the taxable document enjoys exemption from the tax, the other party thereto who is not excused shall be the one directly responsible for the tax.
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Which of the following is a criticism of conflict theory?
A.)
It focuses on individual interactions rather than on broader social structures.
B.)
It tends to focus on conflict to the exclusion of recognizing stability.
C.)
It focuses on gradual changes over time rather than on abrupt changes.
D.)
It does not recognize the economic and social structures that exist in society.
Answer:
B. it tends to focus on conflict to the exclusion of recognizing stability.
once you chose your traget market what is next step
Once you chose your target market the next step is to formulate a strategy for getting the people in that segment to patronize you. This thought process is called Market Analysis and Strategy.
What is Market Analysis and Strategy?This refers to the process of:
Studying the marketClassifying them into various demographics and psychographicsIdentifying the market that have a need for your services (target market)Positioning ones business to attract the consumers in that target segment.One step that can be taken to attract customers in the target market is advertising.
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10.
Which of the following documents MUST be kept on file for 90 days after the
last product has been sold?
O Shellstock identification tags
O Meat identification code (IMPS)
O Farmers Market health certificate
O Specification written to purveyor
Shellshock identification tags are the document that must be kept for 90 days after making the sale of last product.
Option A is correct.
What is sale?Sale is referring to the time when the company provides to its goods to customers. It can be done for immediate cash or can be done with respect to the credit period.
Shellshock identification tags are the ones that are being offered in respect of harvesting of the shell fishes. It tells about where and when the fishes are required to be harvested. It must be kept for the period of ninety days which get started from the day when the fish was placed in the container for delivery.
Therefore, the document mentioned in option A is correct.
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what financial institution is most substantial to risks?
Cybercrime is the financial institution's most substantial risk.
For hackers, the financial industry is like the ideal gift. From your financial information and bank account information to identity information, banks and other financial organizations hold all the information a cybercriminal might possibly need.
Multiple techniques are used to carry out security assaults. For the financial industry, phishing continues to be a serious problem as it has for many years.
One of the challenges in the banking industry is communicating to all parties involved—including the board—that cybersecurity is a problem that affects the entire organization, not just IT.
This is a widespread issue that affects all industries, but the direct attacks on financial services are having a particularly large impact throughout the ecosystem.
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Which of the following are part of the rules for ERP demo days?
I Evaluate the ERP software based on requirements as opposed to the vendor’s performance during the demo
II Require that attendees be on time and attend the same sessions for each software vendor
III First confirm the ‘must haves’, then the ‘nice to haves’, and lastly the ‘bells and whistles’
IV Explain the business requirements to the vendor beforehand
I and II only
I, II, III and IV
I only
I, II and III only
I Evaluate the ERP software based on requirements as opposed to the vendor’s performance during the demo
II Require that attendees be on time and attend the same sessions for per software vendor
What is the powers of ERP?
Golden Rules For ERP Implementation
Ensure top management visibly helps the project at Kickoff, status meetings etc. Hold tight on project scope and management expectations. Transfer request of deliverables to business leaders. Practical change management and user training is imperative
What is ERP market?One of the many parts of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is to manage market and supply within the business. ERP software that features advanced market planning can help janitorial and sanitary supply companies optimize inventory levels in order to guarantee a timely delivery to clients.
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How can a court determine when a particular nickname for a branded product has entered into common use?
is eskom's managers actively involved in the decisions of the business
It is a true statement that eskom's managers are actively involved in the decisions of the business.
What is a manager?This refers to the officials responsible for supervising and motivating employees as well as directing the progress of an organization.
The role of manager includes to perform functions such as like planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling etc.
Most of these functions are essential for running an organization smoothly and achieving enterprise objectives.
Therefore, It is a true statement that eskom's managers are actively involved in the decisions of the business because the basic functions pointed above are made by the managers to achieve organizational goals.
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How do you integrate the different valuation approaches into a report? Explain it.
The report preparer will integrate the different valuation approaches into a report by creating a separate sections for the different valuation method for decision making of interest user.s
What are valuation approaches?This refers to the methodology used to determining the fair market value of a business such as quantifing the net present value of future benefits associated with ownership of the equity interest or asset.
In accounting, the process of valuing a company as a going concern includes three main valuation methods that includes the DCF analysis,comparable company analysis andprecedent transaction.
Most time, the report preparer will integrate the different valuation approaches into a report by creating a seperate sections for the different valuation method for decision making of interest users.
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Suppose the Federal Reserve sets the reserve requirement at 20%, banks hold no excess reserves, and no additional currency is held. Instructions: In part a, round your answer to two decimal places. In part b, enter your answer as a whole number. a. What is the money multiplier? b. How much will the total money supply increase by if the Federal Reserve increases reserves by $400 million? $ million
The money multiplier is 5. And the total money supply increase by $2,000 million if the Federal Reserve increases reserves by $400 million.
Given,
The Federal Reserve sets the reserve requirement at 20%.
Banks hold no excess reserves, and no additional currency is held.
The money multiplier displays the amplitude of the change in the money supply as a result of the addition of new reserves to the banking system.Banks use the money they are not obligated to retain in reserve to make loans, and the borrowed money shows up on other customers' deposit accounts. In macroeconomics, the money multiplier is significant because it controls the money supply, which influences interest rates. Because it affects monetary policy and the stability of the banking industry, it is also significant in the banking industry.The money multiplier formula can be used to calculate the total amount of new deposits or money created.
Money multiplier = 1/reserve ratio
= 1/0.20
= 5
change in Total money supply = Money multiplier × change in reserves
= 5 × $400 million
= $2,000 million
Hence, The money multiplier is 5. And the total money supply increase by $2,000 million if the Federal Reserve increases reserves by $400 million.
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