One would need to deposit approximately $8000.98 in the savings account today to reach the same sum of money after 12 years by making one lump-sum deposit.
To find out how much should be deposited in a savings account today to reach the same sum of money after 12 years by making yearly deposits, one can use the formula for the future value of an annuity: FV = PMT x ((1 + r)n - 1) / rwhere, PMT = payment per year, r = annual interest rate, and n = number of years.
For this problem, PMT = $1000, r = 5.6%, and n = 12.
Using the formula: FV = $1000 x ((1 + 0.056)12 - 1) / 0.056 = $17411.54.
Therefore, if one were to make yearly deposits of $1000 into a 5.6% savings account for the next 12 years, the final sum after 12 years would be $17411.54. Now, to find out how much should be deposited in a savings account today to reach the same sum of money after 12 years by making one lump-sum deposit, we can use the formula for the future value of a lump-sum deposit:
FV = PV x (1 + r)n where, PV = present value, r = annual interest rate, and n = number of years.
Rearranging the formula, we get:
PV = FV / (1 + r)n Plugging in the values, we get: PV = $17411.54 / (1 + 0.056)12 ≈ $8000.98.
Therefore, one would need to deposit approximately $8000.98 in the savings account today to reach the same sum of money after 12 years by making one lump-sum deposit.
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Suppose that Algebia has a GDP of approximately CS\$23.31 billion produces Copper. Algebia being a member of WTO wishes to trade with Sweden whose GDP is US\$ 530.9 billion and produces manufactured products. As a trade policy expert, explain: a) Whether or not trade between the two nations could be mutually beneficial ( 5 marks) b) The theory that would best support trade between the two nations and why. (5 Marks) c) Why developing countries like Algebia sometimes object that free trade that will lead them to specialize in primary products like copper
Trade between Algebia and Sweden could be mutually beneficial, as both countries have different comparative advantages in producing different goods.
The theory of comparative advantage best supports trade between the two nations, as it suggests that countries should specialize in producing goods in which they have a lower opportunity cost.
Developing countries like Algebia may object to free trade that leads to specialization in primary products like copper due to concerns about over-reliance on volatile commodity prices and limited diversification of their economies.
Trade between Algebia and Sweden could be mutually beneficial because both countries have different comparative advantages. Algebia specializes in producing copper, while Sweden specializes in manufacturing products.
By engaging in trade, Algebia can export copper to Sweden, which requires it for manufacturing, while Sweden can export its manufactured products to Algebia.
The theory that best supports trade between Algebia and Sweden is the theory of comparative advantage. According to this theory, countries should specialize in producing goods in which they have a lower opportunity cost. In this case, Algebia has a comparative advantage in producing copper, while Sweden has a comparative advantage in manufacturing products.
Developing countries like Algebia may object to free trade that leads to specialization in primary products like copper due to several reasons. Firstly, primary products often have volatile prices in the international market, making the economy vulnerable to price fluctuations and external shocks.
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Answer all parts for upvote. 1 or 2 parts answered will get downvote from and my whole class of 30 students.
Vitality Vancouver Inc. (VVI) has recently raised debt capital through long-term financing. The bond indenture includes issuing 8% coupon bonds on the market that are selling at $989, pay interest semi-annually, and mature in fifteen years. The company would like to issue additional $1 million in new fifteen-year bonds. VVI has another bond issue outstanding that pays a 7.5% coupon and matures in 14 years. The bond has a par value of $1,000 and a market price of $942.90. Interest is paid semiannually.
The company evaluates the potential of issuing a third bond that pays an annual coupon of $35, has a face value of $1,000, matures in seven years, and has a yield to maturity of 8%. As a result of the recent financing, the CFO of the company is concerned about protective covenants that could hamper the future risk-taking ability of the firm. In particular, the bondholders reserve the right to force the repayment of the bonds prior to the maturity. VVI is also experiencing rapid growth. Dividends are expected to grow at 20% per year during the next three years, 10% over the following year, and then 4% per year indefinitely. The required return on this stock is 10%.
The company is also considering the prospect to issue some preferred stock to alter the capital structure of the firm. It is however unsure about the main characteristics of the preferred stock which could cause some dilution to the existing capital structure due to similarity with another instrument. The CFO is also preparing for a meeting with the Board of Directors next week. While giving the final touches to the quarterly results, he realizes the board is likely to focus on the potential of dividend distribution to various classes of shareholders. The CFO has additionally prepared some notes regarding the voting structure of those classes of stocks. The company plans to improve the profitability and stock price related ratios because of the recent changes in the capital structure.
1. What coupon rate should be applied to the new bonds if VVI wants to sell them at par? (Use values in the dollar)
2. What is the yield to maturity on a 14-year bond?
3. What should be the price of the third bond being considered for an issue?
4. What is the projected stock price for the coming year, if VVI just paid a $2 dividend?
5. Assuming VVI's stock is currently selling for $51, the expected dividend one year from now is $1.50 and the required return is 10, what is the firm’s dividend growth rate?
6. How would issuing the preferred stock affect the capital structure of the firm in comparison to the common stock?
7. Why is the dividend distribution and voting structure a matter of interest to the Vitality’s board?
8. What recommendations would you make in improving the financial prospect of the company especially with respect to the relevant ratios?
To sell the new bonds at par, the coupon rate should be set equal to the bond's yield to maturity. This means the coupon rate should match the required return on the bond. Since the yield to maturity on the bond is not provided in the question, we cannot determine the exact coupon rate.
We need the coupon rate, market price, and par value of a 14-year bond to compute the yield to maturity. 7.5% is the coupon rate, $942.90 is the market price, and $1,000 is the par value. We may compute the yield to maturity using financial calculations or financial calculators/software utilising these variables.The present value formula may be used to compute the price of the third bond. The yearly coupon payment is $35, the face value is $1,000, the maturity is seven years, and the yield to maturity is 8%. We may calculate the present value of the bond, which represents its price, by discounting future cash flows.
To calculate the projected stock price for the coming year, we need more information. The $2 dividend is provided, but we also need the dividend growth rate or any other relevant information to estimate the future stock price. The formula is: Dividend Growth Rate = (Dividend Next Year / Current Stock Price) - 1. Given the expected dividend of $1.50, the current stock price of $51, and the required return of 10%, we can plug in these values to find the dividend growth rate.
Issuing preferred stock can affect the capital structure of the firm in comparison to common stock. Preferred stock usually has a fixed dividend payment and holds priority over common stock in terms of dividend distribution and liquidation. It is considered as a hybrid security, combining features of both debt and equity. Dividend distribution determines the amount of profits returned to shareholders, which can influence stock prices and shareholder satisfaction. The voting structure determines the power and influence of different classes of shareholders, allowing them to make decisions and elect the board of directors.
To improve the financial prospects of the company, several recommendations can be made. Firstly, VVI should focus on optimizing its capital structure by balancing debt and equity to minimize costs and maximize returns. This may involve refinancing existing debt at lower interest rates or exploring opportunities for equity financing. Secondly, the company should aim to improve its profitability ratios by increasing revenues, reducing costs, and enhancing operational efficiency. This could involve strategic initiatives such as expanding into new markets, improving product offerings, or implementing cost-cutting measures.
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As the bookkeeper for a company, you have varying bill amounts from a vendor each month. Which of the following preferences options will ensure that the transactions get coded consistently to the correct expense account?
Automatically recall last transaction
Deposit money from vendor payment.
Prefill accounts for vendor based on past entries.
Redirect to specified expense account.
Prefill accounts for vendor based on past entries. This option ensures consistent coding by automatically populating the expense account based on previous transactions with the same vendor.
It reduces errors and saves time for the bookkeeper, as they don't need to manually enter the account each time. By relying on historical data, this preference promotes consistency and accuracy in expense tracking, streamlining the bookkeeping process and maintaining reliable financial records.
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Bonita Industries began the year with 12 units of marine floats at a cost of $ 11 each. During the year, it made the following purchases: May 5, 31 unit at $ 15; July 16, 16 units at $ 20; and December 7, 21 units at $ 23. Assume there are 26 units on hand at the end of the period. Bonita uses the periodic approach (a) Your answer has been saved. See score details after the due date. Determine the cost of goods sold under FIFO, FIFO Cost of good sold 817 Attempts: 1 of 1 used (b) Your answer has been saved. See score details after the due date. Determine the cost of goods sold under LIFO. LIFO Cost of good sold 1.058 (c1) Calculate average unit cost. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 5.12.) $ Average unit cost $
Under the periodic approach, the cost of goods sold can be calculated using the FIFO and LIFO methods. Additionally, the average unit cost can be determined by dividing the total cost of units available by the total number of units.
(a) FIFO (First-In, First-Out) assumes that the first units purchased are the first ones sold. In this case, the cost of goods sold under FIFO can be calculated by multiplying the cost of the earliest units on hand by the number of units sold. Using the given information, the cost of goods sold under FIFO would be:
12 units x $11 + 31 units x $15 + 16 units x $20 = $817.
(b) LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) assumes that the most recently purchased units are the first ones sold. To calculate the cost of goods sold under LIFO, we start with the cost of the most recent purchases and work backward. In this case, the cost of goods sold under LIFO would be:
21 units x $23 + 16 units x $20 + 26 units x $15 = $1,058.
(c) To calculate the average unit cost, we divide the total cost of units available by the total number of units. In this case, the total cost of units available is:
12 units x $11 + 31 units x $15 + 16 units x $20 + 21 units x $23 = $1,088. The total number of units available is:
12 units + 31 units + 16 units + 21 units + 26 units = 106 units. Therefore, the average unit cost would be: $1,088 / 106 units = $10.26 (rounded to 2 decimal places).
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Simple Corp. has one bond issue oustanding, with a maturity of 10.5 years, a coupon rate of 3.1% and a yield to maturity of 4.6%. Simple Corp.'s average tax rate is 18% and its marginal tax rate is 32%.
What is the (pre-tax) cost of debt?
What is the after-tax cost of debt?
The (pre-tax) cost of debt is 3.20% and the after-tax cost of debt is 2.18%.
Simple Corp. has one bond issue outstanding, with a maturity of 10.5 years, a coupon rate of 3.1%, and a yield to maturity of 4.6%.
Simple Corp.'s average tax rate is 18% and its marginal tax rate is 32%.
Find out the pre-tax cost of debt and the after-tax cost of debt.
The formula for the cost of debt before taxes is as follows:
r_d = (C + ((F-P)/n)) / ((F+P)/2)
here:rd= cost of debt before taxes
C= Annual coupon payment
F= Par value of the bond
P= Price of the bond
n= Number of years to maturity
For the given data:C = 3.1% of F; F = $1,000; r_d = 4.6%; n = 10.5 years
Therefore, 31 = (0.031 × 1000)
C = Annual coupon payment,
F = Par value of the bond,
r_d = Yield to maturity,
P = Price of the bond, and n = Number of years to maturity.
So, 4.6 = (31 + ((F-P)/10.5)) / ((F+P)/2)
Also, F-P = 1000-Price of the bond.
To solve for the Price of the bond, multiply both sides by ((F+P)/2). T
hus, we get:((F+P)/2) × 4.6 = 31 + ((F-P)/10.5) × ((F+P)/2)
Now solve for P to get P = $966.10The pre-tax cost of debt is:
r_d = (C + ((F-P)/n)) / ((F+P)/2)= (31 + ((1000-966.10)/10.5)) / ((1000+966.10)/2)
= 3.20%
Now that we have found the pre-tax cost of debt, we will find the after-tax cost of debt:
The after-tax cost of debt = Pre-tax cost of debt x (1 - tax rate)
Pre-tax cost of debt = 3.20%
Tax rate = Marginal tax rate = 32%
Thus,After-tax cost of debt = 3.20% x (1 - 0.32)
After-tax cost of debt = 2.18%
Therefore, the (pre-tax) cost of debt is 3.20% and the after-tax cost of debt is 2.18%.
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4. An increase in income will cause:
Select one:
a. a decrease in the supply of reserves.
b. an increase in the demand for currency.
c. an increase in the supply of central bank money.
d. a decrease in the demand for currency.
e. an increase in the supply of reserves.
5. Suppose there is a simultaneous tax increase and open market sale of bonds. Which of the following must occur as a result of this?
Select one:
a. Output increases.
b. Output decreases.
c. The interest rate increases.
d. The interest rate decreases.
e. Both output and the interest rate increase.
6. A decrease in the reserve ratio, θ, will cause:
Select one:
a. A decrease in reserves.
b. An increase in the monetary base.
c. An increase in the money multiplier.
d. A decrease in the monetary base.
e. A decrease in the money multiplier.
4. b. an increase in the demand for currency.
An increase in income generally leads to an increased demand for currency.
As individuals and businesses experience higher income levels, they tend to have more purchasing power and engage in increased economic activity. This, in turn, raises the demand for currency to facilitate transactions and meet the higher demand for goods and services.
5. c. The interest rate increases.
A simultaneous tax increase and open market sale of bonds is likely to reduce the amount of money available in the economy . As taxes increase, households and businesses have less disposable income to spend, leading to a decrease in aggregate demand. Additionally, an open market sale of bonds by the central bank reduces the money supply. These actions put upward pressure on interest rates as the demand for money decreases. Higher interest rates are an outcome of reduced spending and a tighter monetary policy.
6. c. An increase in the money multiplier.
The reserve ratio refers to the percentage of deposits that banks are required to hold as reserves. A decrease in the reserve ratio, represented by θ, reduces the amount of reserves banks need to hold against their deposits. As a result, banks have more excess reserves, which they can use to extend loans and increase the money supply. This leads to an increase in the money multiplier, as a smaller amount of reserves can support a larger amount of money creation through the banking system. Consequently, a decrease in the reserve ratio stimulates lending and increases the money supply in the economy.
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Randy Davis is a manager in the Facilities Department at Hudson College. He is the team leader of employees who work on landscaping, make minor repairs to the buildings, load and unload deliveries He reports to Brad Tomlinson, who became the director of facilities 3 months ago.
Davis has been employed by Hudson College for nearly 30 years. He is 58 years old and one of the most senior employees in the department. Randy is authorized and certified to operate a hi-lo and does so as needed. Davis has typically been a good worker but recently co-workers have noticed his morale has declined; he’s more irritable and moodier. It is known that Tomlinson is not pleased with Davis. In Tomlinson’s view, Davis is resistant to change and always has a reason for why it "can’t be done that way".
Last week Davis was driving a hi-lo when, according to him, the brakes failed, "they locked up." As Davis tried to get the vehicle under control, it tipped over. Davis was not wearing a safety belt and he fell out suffering a concussion and an injury to his hip that required surgery.
Janice Palmer witnessed the accident. She confided to Tomlinson that Davis was driving "pretty fast" when he turned a corner and the hi-lo tipped over. She pointed out what appear to be skid marks on the floor, which could indicate that the brakes had engaged, and perhaps Davis was driving too fast. It could also indicate that the brakes locked up when Davis went to engage them. An inspection of the hi-lo showed wear and tear on the brakes but was inconclusive as to whether they worked properly or locked up at the time of the accident.
Davis will be out of work for 4 months. It is expected he will then be able to return to work. While there will be temporary restrictions on what he can physically do, the only permanent restriction will be that he cannot sit for more than 2 hours at a time without a break to stand up, walk around and stretch for 10 minutes. Given Davis’s normal duties the college should be able to accommodate Davis’ temporary an permanent restrictions without a problem.
Typically, all accidents and surrounding information are reviewed by Janet Mullins, director of human resources. Mullins likes to review these cases to makes sure all the legal bases are covered and considered. She just reviewed the Davis accident and medical records sent to Hudson College for his personnel file. Interestingly, Brad Tomlinson asked to meet with Mullins to discuss Davis shortly after the review..
During the meeting, Tomlinson, not so subtly implied that he thinks it is time for Davis to "retire" and "move on or out." Whether Davis was driving too fast or he was unable to adequately manage the vehicle, Tomlinson does not think Davis is up to the job any more.
"He’s stuck in the past and has a bad attitude. He’s not good for the department." Tomlinson told Mullins. He finished his assessment of Davis by saying, "And, I’m not sure we even need a manager any more, he’s a pretty expensive employee."
Mullins thanked Tomlinson for his input and told him she will consider the options.
Before Tomlinson left, Mullins expressed her concerns about safety in the Facilities department. The Davis accident was only 1 of 6 accidents in the department that have led to lost work time ranging from 3 days to 3 months. Mullins told Tomlinson, she understood 4 of the 6 accidents occurred before he took over, but Mullins is concerned about the trend.
QUESTION:
Like many of the situations that land on Mullins’ desk, this one raises a variety of possible legal issues that will have to be considered and navigated. Based on the scenario, identify the 4 most applicable laws or legal issues that apply. Explain why you believe the law applies to the situation; what Hudson College’s obligation is under each law.
Based on the scenario, the 4 most applicable laws or legal issues that apply and Hudson College’s obligation is each law. are as follows:
1. Worker’s compensation law: This law requires the employer to provide employees with benefits in the event of a work-related injury. If the injured employee is unable to work, the employer must provide wage replacement benefits. Therefore, Hudson College must ensure that Randy Davis is compensated for his medical expenses and any lost wages. The obligation of Hudson College under this applicable law or legal issues is to compensate Davis for his medical expenses and any lost wages.
2. Disability discrimination law: This law prohibits discrimination against employees with disabilities. Hudson College must accommodate Davis’s temporary and permanent restrictions and allow him to continue working after he recovers. The obligation of Hudson College under this law is to accommodate Davis’s temporary and permanent restrictions and allow him to continue working after he recovers.
3. OSHA regulations: These regulations mandate that employers maintain a safe work environment for their employees. Hudson College must take steps to improve safety in the Facilities department to avoid future accidents and ensure compliance with OSHA regulations. The obligation of Hudson College under this law is to improve safety in the Facilities department and ensure compliance with OSHA regulations.
4. Age discrimination law: This law prohibits employers from discriminating against employees based on their age. Hudson College must not force Davis to retire based on his age. The obligation of Hudson College under this law is not to force Davis to retire based on his age.
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Pick a product/service that you would like to sell internationally; - Briefly discuss the 4 P's of Marketing; - Identify/Rationalize a market (country) where you would like to sell your chosen product/service; - Make a decision about taking on a partner; - If you decide not to work with a partner, discuss 3 (three) reasons supporting your decision; - Would you go for a Greenfield/Brownfield Investment? Why? - How/Why would Foreign Direct Investment be helpful in your business idea? - If you decide to go with a partner, choose the type of partnership (Joint Venture or Merger). Rationalize your response. Minimum Requirement: 800 Words Everyone must have an individual product/service, a point of international entry and a separate plan for International Entry. (You are not supposed to discuss any existing companies/brands
Product/Service: Organic Skincare Products, The 4 P's of Marketing: Product. Price,Place, Promotion, Market Choice: Germany.
The 4 P's of Marketing:
Product: The organic skincare products will include a range of facial cleansers, moisturizers, serums, and masks made from natural and sustainable ingredients, free from harmful chemicals.
Price: The products will be positioned as premium, reflecting the high-quality ingredients and sustainable production methods, while remaining competitive within the target market.
Place: The initial target market will be Germany, known for its strong demand for organic and eco-friendly products. Distribution channels will include online platforms, local organic stores, and select beauty retailers.
Promotion: The marketing strategy will focus on highlighting the natural and sustainable aspects of the products, leveraging social media, influencer collaborations, and eco-conscious marketing campaigns.
Market Choice: Germany
Germany has a well-established market for organic and eco-friendly products, with a growing consumer demand for sustainable skincare options. The country has a high level of environmental consciousness, strict regulations on product quality, and a well-developed distribution network for organic goods. The target market in Germany offers a favorable environment for the introduction of organic skincare products, with consumers willing to pay premium prices for high-quality and eco-friendly options.
Decision on Partner:
Considering the complexities of international market entry, partnering with a local distributor or retailer in Germany would be beneficial. A partner with knowledge of the local market, established distribution channels, and consumer preferences can provide valuable insights, help navigate regulatory requirements, and facilitate market penetration.
Reasons for Not Choosing a Partner:
a) Control: By not working with a partner, the business retains full control over its operations, decision-making, and brand image.
b) Flexibility: Without a partner, the business has the flexibility to adapt its strategies, pricing, and product offerings based on market dynamics and changing consumer preferences.
c) Cost Efficiency: Partnering with a local distributor or retailer may involve additional costs such as distribution margins, marketing support, and coordination expenses. Managing operations independently can help optimize cost efficiency.
Greenfield/Brownfield Investment:
A greenfield investment would be preferred for entering the German market. This approach involves establishing a wholly new operation, such as a manufacturing facility or a dedicated distribution network. By starting from scratch, the business can tailor its operations to suit local requirements, incorporate sustainable practices from the beginning, and build a strong brand presence.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI):
FDI would be helpful in this business idea as it allows for a long-term commitment to the foreign market, providing opportunities for growth, expansion, and deeper integration into the local economy. It enables the business to establish a physical presence, create jobs, transfer technology and knowledge, and build relationships with local stakeholders, fostering trust and credibility.
Partnership Type: Joint Venture
A joint venture would be suitable for entering the German market. Collaborating with a local skincare company or retailer can leverage their existing market knowledge, distribution network, and customer base. It allows for shared resources, risks, and expertise, enabling faster market penetration and greater access to local consumer insights. A joint venture also facilitates cultural integration and reduces regulatory barriers, leading to a smoother entry into the market.
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When making a real estate investment decision, whether refinancing or investing in a property, which decision rule should be used to make investment decisions in the event of conflict between decision rules?
a Payback Period
b Cap Rate
c IRR
d NPV
False, When preparing a bank reconciliation, adjustments are made to both the bank side and the ledger (book) side.
A bank reconciliation is a process of comparing the bank statement with the company's cash records to identify any differences. Adjustments on the bank side can include accounting for outstanding checks, deposits in transit, and bank fees.
On the ledger side, adjustments may involve recording bank service charges, interest earned, and correcting transaction recording errors. Both sides must be adjusted to ensure the bank balance and the book balance are in agreement. This reconciliation process ensures the accuracy and consistency of financial records between the company's books and the bank statement.
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Fixed manufacturing overhead costs that can be avoided if CMCBs are not made 320,000 320,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead costs of plant depreciation, incurance and adminictration that rannot he avnided even if Variable manufacturing costs Svenson manufactured 8,000 CMCBs in 2017 in 40 batches of 200 each. In 2018 , Svenson anticipates needing 10,000 CMCBs. The CMCBs would be produced in 80 batches of 125 each. The Minton Corporation has approached Svenson about supplying CMCBs to Svenson in 2018 at $300 per CMCB on whatever delivery schedule Svenson wants. 1. Calculate the total expected manufacturing cost per unit of making CMCBs in 2018. 2. Suppose the capacity currently used to make CMCBs will become idle if Svenson purchases CMCBs from Minton. On the basis of financial considerations alone, should Svenson make CMCBs or buy them from Minton? Show your calculations. 3. Now suppose that if Svenson purchases CMCBs from Minton, its best alternative use of the capacity currently used for CMCBs is to make and sell special circuit boards (CB3s) to the Essex Corporation. Svenson estimates the following incremental revenues and costs from CB3s:
Total expected incremental future revenues
Total expected incremental future costs
$2,000,000
$2,150,000
On the basis of financial considerations alone, should Svenson make CMCBs or buy them from Minton? Show your calculations. Requirement 1. Calculate the total expected manufacturing cost per unit of making CMCBs in 2018. Requirement 1. Calculate the total expected manufacturing cost per unit of making CMCBs in 2018. Requirement 2. Suppose the capacity currently used to make CMCBs will become idle if Svenson purchases CMCBs from Minton. On the basis of financial considerations alone, should Svenson make CMCBs or buy them from Minton? Show your calculations.
Since buying CMCBs from Minton would cost $300 per unit, the total cost of purchasing 10,000 CMCBs would be $3,000,000.
CMCBs in 2018, we need to consider the fixed and variable costs associated with manufacturing the CMCBs.
The fixed manufacturing overhead costs that cannot be avoided are $320,000, while the fixed manufacturing overhead costs that can be avoided if CMCBs are not made are also $320,000.
The variable manufacturing cost per unit can be calculated as follows:
For 2017:
Svenson manufactured 8,000 CMCBs in 40 batches of 200 each, so the total number of batches is 40.
The variable manufacturing cost per batch is $1,500, which includes direct materials, direct labor, and variable overhead costs.
Therefore, the variable manufacturing cost per unit is $1,500/200 = $7.50.
For 2018:
Svenson anticipates needing 10,000 CMCBs in 80 batches of 125 each, so the total number of batches is 80.
The variable manufacturing cost per batch is still $1,500.
Therefore, the variable manufacturing cost per unit is $1,500/125 = $12.
The total expected manufacturing cost per unit of making CMCBs in 2018 can be calculated as follows:
Total expected manufacturing cost per unit = Fixed manufacturing overhead costs + Variable manufacturing cost per unit
= $320,000 (fixed overhead costs that cannot be avoided) + $320,000 (fixed overhead costs that can be avoided) + $12 (variable manufacturing cost per unit)
= $652 per unit.
Requirement 2: If the capacity currently used to make CMCBs will become idle if Svenson purchases CMCBs from Minton, then Svenson should compare the cost of making CMCBs to the cost of buying them from Minton.
The cost of buying CMCBs from Minton is $300 per unit.
The total expected manufacturing cost per unit of making CMCBs in 2018 is $652 per unit.
Therefore, on the basis of financial considerations alone, Svenson should buy CMCBs from Minton as it would be cheaper than making them in-house.
Note that this analysis does not take into account any non-financial factors, such as quality control, lead times, or the impact on employees.
Requirement 3: If Svenson purchases CMCBs from Minton, its best alternative use of the capacity currently used for CMCBs is to make and sell special circuit boards (CB3s) to the Essex Corporation. Svenson estimates the following incremental revenues and costs from CB3s:
Total expected incremental future revenues = $2,000,000
Total expected incremental future costs = $2,150,000
To determine whether Svenson should make CMCBs or buy them from Minton, we need to compare the incremental contribution margin of making CB3s to the cost of buying CMCBs from Minton.
The incremental contribution margin of making CB3s can be calculated as follows:
Incremental contribution margin = Total expected incremental future revenues - Total expected incremental future costs
= $2,000,000 - $2,150,000
= -$150,000
This means that making CB3s would result in a loss of $150,000.
Since buying CMCBs from Minton would cost $300 per unit, the total cost of purchasing 10,000 CMCBs would be $3,000,000.
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Investment banks like Morgan Stanley or Goldman Sachs:
collect deposits and relend the cash to corporations and individuals.
help companies sell their securities to investors.
lend to corporations and investors in commercial real estate.
design and sell insurance policies for businesses.
Investment banks like Morgan Stanley or Goldman Sachs help companies sell their securities to investors.
They provide advice on how to structure and price securities.
They underwrite securities, which means they guarantee that a certain number of securities will be sold.
They help to market securities to investors.
In addition to helping companies sell securities, investment banks also provide other services, such as:
Advising on mergers and acquisitions
Raising capital for governments
Trading securities
Providing financial research
Investment banks make money by charging fees for their services. The fees they charge can be significant, especially for large and complex transactions.
Here are some additional details about how investment banks help companies sell securities to investors:
They conduct research on the company and its industry.
They develop a marketing plan for the securities.
They contact potential investors and pitch the securities to them.
They monitor the trading of the securities after they are issued.
Investment banks play an important role in the financial markets. They help companies raise capital, which allows them to grow and expand. They also help to facilitate mergers and acquisitions, which can help to create more efficient and competitive businesses.
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Which of the following is false?
Group of answer choices
O Prospecting takes a lot of knowledge but hardly any creativity.
O It helps to be your customer; imagine yourself in your prospect’s shoes and think about where you would go for information.
O Knowing your ideal customer and where he/she is likely to go for information will allow you to choose the best prospecting sources for your business.
O Prospecting is one of those jobs that is never truly finished.
O It is helpful to draw on a number of sources about the places where you find your leads.
The false statement among the options provided is: Prospecting takes a lot of knowledge but hardly any creativity.
Prospecting, the process of identifying and pursuing potential customers or leads, requires a combination of knowledge and creativity. While knowledge is essential to understand the target market, customer preferences, and effective prospecting techniques, creativity is equally important in developing innovative approaches, thinking outside the box, and crafting compelling strategies to attract and engage potential customers.
The other statements are true:
"It helps to be your customer; imagine yourself in your prospect's shoes and think about where you would go for information." This highlights the importance of empathy and putting oneself in the prospect's position to understand their needs, behaviors, and information-seeking habits.
"Knowing your ideal customer and where he/she is likely to go for information will allow you to choose the best prospecting sources for your business." This emphasizes the significance of understanding the target audience and their preferred channels or platforms to effectively target and reach potential customers.
"Prospecting is one of those jobs that is never truly finished." Prospecting is an ongoing process as new leads and opportunities constantly emerge, and businesses need to continuously identify and engage with potential customers.
"It is helpful to draw on a number of sources about the places where you find your leads." Utilizing multiple sources of information about the places where leads can be found enhances the breadth and depth of prospecting efforts, enabling businesses to gather diverse insights and target prospects from various channels or locations.
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ABC Co. is considering a project that has the following cash flow data. What is the projecrs paytack? 2) Song's inc, is considering a project that has the following cash flow and WacC data. What is the project's NPV? Note that if a project's projected NPV is negative, it should be cojected.
For the first project, the payback period will be calculated based on the provided cash flow data. For the second project, the net present value (NPV) will be determined using the cash flow and weighted average cost of capital (WACC) data. If the NPV is negative, the project should be rejected.
a. To calculate the payback period for ABC Co.'s project, you need the cash flow data, which is not provided in the question. The payback period is the length of time it takes for the project to recoup its initial investment. It is calculated by adding up the cash inflows until the cumulative cash inflow equals or exceeds the initial investment. The year at which this happens is the payback period.
b. To calculate the NPV for Song's Inc. project, you need the cash flow data and the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). The NPV is a measure of the project's profitability, representing the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows. If the NPV is positive, it indicates that the project is expected to generate more value than its cost and is considered favorable. If the NPV is negative, it suggests that the project's value is less than its cost and should be rejected.
Without the specific cash flow data and the WACC, it is not possible to provide the exact payback period or NPV for the projects. However, the calculations can be performed using the given data and the appropriate formulas to determine the payback period for the first project and the NPV for the second project.
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Pharmaceutical Benefits Managers (PBMs) are intermediaries between upstream drug manufacturers and downstream insurance companies. They design formularies (lists of drugs that insurance will cover) an
Under the non-strategic view of bargaining, assuming a PBM is negotiating with two nondrowsy allergy drug manufacturers, Claritin and Allegra, the PBM would earn a surplus of $24 million, while each drug company would earn a surplus of $40 million. However, if the two drug companies merge, the bargaining outcome is likely to change.
When the two drug companies merge, they consolidate their resources, market share, and bargaining power. This increased market power gives the merged drug company a stronger position in negotiations with the PBM.
As a result, the post-merger bargaining outcome is likely to be more favorable for the merged drug company.
The PBM, aiming to include a wider variety of drugs on its formulary at low prices, may face a more challenging negotiation process.
The merged drug company can leverage its larger product portfolio to negotiate better terms, potentially demanding higher prices or more favorable conditions for inclusion on the formulary.
With their increased market power, the merged drug company could command a larger share of the surplus created by including the drugs on the PBM's formulary, reducing the PBM's surplus in the process.
Therefore, under the non-strategic view of bargaining, the PBM would still earn a surplus, but it may be lower than in the previous scenario. Simultaneously, the merged drug company would likely achieve a higher surplus, benefiting from their increased bargaining strength resulting from the merger.
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The complete question is:
Pharmaceutical Benefits Managers (PBMs) are intermediaries between upstream drug manufacturers and downstream insurance companies. They design formularies (lists of drugs that insurance will cover) and negotiate prices with drug companies. PBMs want a wider variety of drugs available to their insured populations, but at low prices. Suppose that a PBM is negotiating with the makers of two nondrowsy allergy drugs, Claritin and Allegra, for inclusion on the formulary. The “value” or “surplus” created by including one nondrowsy allergy drug on the formulary is $80 million, but the value of adding a second drug is only $24 million.
Assume the PBM bargains by telling each drug company that it's going to reach an agreement with the other drug company.
Under the non-strategic view of bargaining, the PBM would earn a surplus ofmillion, while each drug company would earn a surplus ofmillion.
Now suppose the two drug companies merge. What is the likely postmerger bargaining outcome?
Under the nonstrategic view of bargaining, the PBM would earn a surplus ofmillion, while the merged drug company would earn a surplus ofmillion.
An investor expects a stock to sell for $100 in exactly one year. The stock will not pay a dividend in the next year. After some research, the investor estimates the firm's beta as 1.20, the risk free rate at 1.50%, and the market portfolio risk premium at 6.00%. Given this information and expected price, how much can the investor pay today for this stock to earn his required return? $84.77 $94.08 $92.00 $90.70 $82.87
The investor can pay a maximum of $92.00 today for the stock to earn his required return.
To determine the present value of a stock's expected future price, we need to calculate the required return using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The CAPM takes into account the risk-free rate, the stock's beta, and the market portfolio risk premium.
In this case, the investor expects the stock to sell for $100 in one year, and the estimated beta is 1.20. The risk-free rate is 1.50%, and the market portfolio risk premium is 6.00%. By calculating the required return, we can determine the maximum price the investor can pay today for the stock.
Explanation:
The required return can be calculated using the CAPM formula:
Required Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta × Market Portfolio Risk Premium
In this case, the risk-free rate is 1.50%, and the beta is 1.20. The market portfolio risk premium is 6.00%. Substituting these values into the formula, we can calculate the required return:
Required Return = 1.50% + 1.20 × 6.00% = 1.50% + 7.20% = 8.70%
To determine the maximum price the investor can pay today, we need to discount the expected future price by the required return. Using the formula for present value:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Required Return)
Substituting the values:
Present Value = $100 / (1 + 8.70%) = $100 / 1.087 = $92.00 (rounded to two decimal places)
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the direct threat of climate change to marine habitat is
Marine habitats are directly under risk from climate change in a big and complex way. Marine habitats are at serious risk from rising ocean temperatures brought on by global warming.
Increased temperatures can cause coral to bleach, harming or obliterating the important coral reefs that provide home for a variety of animals. Climate change also influences the amount and distribution of marine organisms, upsetting the delicate balance of marine food chains and causing changes in entire ecosystems. Another effect of climate change is rising sea levels, which can lead to coastal erosion, the loss of crucial breeding habitats for marine creatures, and greater vulnerability to storms and flooding. Because calcium carbonate formation is hampered by ocean acidification, which is brought on by seawater absorbing too much carbon dioxide, shellfish, corals, and other marine life are all at risk.
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If equity increased by $15 000 and total liabilities increased by $35 000 over a period, by how much must total assets have changed?
a. $50 000 decrease
b. $20 000 increase
c. $20 000 decrease
d. $50 000 increase
The increase in total assets is $50,000. Hence, option (d) $50 000 increase is correct.
Given data: Equity increased by $15 000 and total liabilities increased by $35 000.
To find: By how much must total assets have changed?
Total assets = Equity + Total liabilities
We can find the increase in total assets by adding the increase in equity to the increase in total liabilities.
Total assets increase = Increase in Equity + Increase in Total liabilities
Total assets increase = $15,000 + $35,000Total assets increase = $50,000
The increase in total assets is $50,000. Hence, option (d) $50 000 increase is correct.
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How significant is a country’s geographic location in
determining its long-term economic development?
A country's geographic location can have a significant impact on its long-term economic development. Factors such as proximity to markets, access to resources, transportation routes, and climate can shape a country's economic potential.
A country's geographic location plays a crucial role in determining its long-term economic development. Proximity to markets and trade routes can provide advantages in terms of access to customers and international trade. Countries located close to major economic centers or transportation hubs may have better opportunities for economic growth and development.
Geographic location also affects a country's access to natural resources. Countries with abundant resources like minerals, oil, or arable land may have a comparative advantage in certain industries and can benefit from resource extraction and agricultural activities. Additionally, climate and topography can influence a country's agricultural productivity, tourism potential, and renewable energy resources. Countries with favorable climates and natural attractions may attract tourists and benefit from the tourism industry, contributing to economic growth.
However, it is important to note that while geographic location can provide advantages, it is not the sole determinant of economic development. Factors such as government policies, institutions, human capital, infrastructure, and technological advancements also play crucial roles in shaping a country's long-term economic growth. Therefore, while geographic location can be significant, other factors must also be considered for a comprehensive understanding of a country's economic development.
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What is Case Mix; What is PDPM (see the Modern Health Care link)
What is Value Based Purchasing (Pay for Performance)
What is a Spend Down?
What is the Community Spouse Resource Allowance?
Case mix refers to the variety and complexity of medical conditions among a group of patients, PDPM is a payment model for skilled nursing facilities, value-based purchasing links .
Case Mix:
Case mix refers to the variety and complexity of medical conditions and treatments among a group of patients or residents within a healthcare facility. It is a measure used to assess the resource utilization and severity of illness in a specific patient population. Case mix is often used in healthcare settings to determine appropriate staffing levels, allocate resources, and establish reimbursement rates.
PDPM (Patient-Driven Payment Model):
PDPM is a payment model implemented by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) for skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in the United States. It is designed to determine Medicare reimbursement rates based on the individual needs and characteristics of each patient. Under PDPM, payment is determined by various factors such as the patient's diagnosis, functional status, and comorbidities, rather than the volume of services provided.
Value-Based Purchasing (Pay for Performance):
Value-based purchasing is a payment approach in healthcare where reimbursement is tied to the quality and value of services provided, rather than solely based on the quantity or volume of services. It aims to incentivize healthcare providers to deliver high-quality care and achieve positive patient outcomes. In value-based purchasing programs, providers may receive financial rewards or penalties based on their performance on quality measures, patient satisfaction, and cost-efficiency.
Spend Down:
Spend down refers to the process of reducing an individual's assets or income to meet the eligibility requirements for Medicaid or other means-tested programs. It involves spending or using resources in a way that brings the individual's financial resources below the threshold set by the program. The purpose of a spend down is to ensure that individuals with limited financial means can qualify for necessary healthcare or social services.
Community Spouse Resource Allowance:
The Community Spouse Resource Allowance (CSRA) is a provision in Medicaid eligibility rules that allows the spouse of a Medicaid applicant to retain a certain amount of assets or income while the other spouse seeks Medicaid coverage for long-term care services. The CSRA protects a portion of the couple's joint assets or income for the spouse who does not require long-term care, enabling them to maintain a certain level of financial stability and quality of life. The specific CSRA amount may vary depending on state Medicaid regulations and the individual's circumstances.
In summary, case mix refers to the variety and complexity of medical conditions among a group of patients, PDPM is a payment model for skilled nursing facilities, value-based purchasing links reimbursement to quality and value of care, spend down is the process of reducing assets to qualify for means-tested programs, and the Community Spouse Resource Allowance protects assets for the spouse of a Medicaid applicant seeking long-term care services.
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________ is the income that a business owner retains after paying all the expenses associated with the operation of the business.
The income that a business owner retains after paying all the expenses associated with the operation of the business is known as "net income".
Net income is also referred to as profit, earnings, or the bottom line. The term "bottom line" is used because it typically appears at the bottom of a company's income statement. It is calculated by subtracting all of a company's expenses from its total revenue.
Net income is a crucial aspect of a company's financial health, as it provides an accurate depiction of how profitable the company is. A positive net income indicates that the company is generating revenue that exceeds its expenses, while a negative net income indicates that the company is losing money.
A company with a consistently positive net income is considered financially stable, while a company with a negative net income may be at risk of bankruptcy.
In conclusion, net income is a fundamental metric in business accounting that measures the financial health of a company and provides insights into its profitability.
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Which of the following questions about company news is true?
Group of answer choices
a. How large is the business?
b. Has the company recently appeared in the news?
c. Are the company’s products used by businesses or individual consumers?
d. Is the customer making a first-time purchase of the product?
e. Will this purchase be a rebuy?
The true statement among the given options about company news is: Has the company recently appeared in the news?
While all the options pertain to questions about company news, the only one that specifically addresses the aspect of recent news coverage is option b. This question focuses on whether the company has been featured or mentioned in recent news articles, reports, or media coverage.
Option a, "How large is the business?", is a question about the size or scale of the company, which may not necessarily be related to recent news.
Option c, "Are the company's products used by businesses or individual consumers?", is a question regarding the target market or customer base of the company's products, rather than news coverage.
Option d, "Is the customer making a first-time purchase of the product?", is a question about the customer's purchase behavior and history, which may not be directly connected to company news.
Option e, "Will this purchase be a rebuy?", is a question related to the customer's decision to repurchase a product, which is not directly related to company news either.
Therefore, the only question related to company news among the options is whether the company has recently appeared in the news.
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This will need to be your heading for Question 5. The company has issued 8 million ordinary shares. It has just paid a dividend of $4 million. That dividend is expected to grow at a rate of 29 percent per annum for the next three years, then at a rate of 15 percent in the 4th year and at a rate of 3.3 percent per annum forever after that. Assuming a required rate of return of 13.21 percent, calculate the current market price of the share. Explain the difficulties of calculating the intrinsic value of the share (Use a max of 200 words for the explanation).
The current market price of the share is $41.65.
To calculate the current market price of the share, we need to determine the present value of all the future dividends. Given that the company has issued 8 million ordinary shares and has just paid a dividend of $4 million, we can calculate the initial dividend per share as $4 million divided by 8 million, which equals $0.50 per share.
In the first three years, the dividend is expected to grow at a rate of 29 percent per annum. Using the dividend growth formula, we can calculate the dividends for each of the next three years as follows:
Year 1: $0.50 * (1 + 0.29) = $0.645
Year 2: $0.645 * (1 + 0.29) = $0.833
Year 3: $0.833 * (1 + 0.29) = $1.073
Next, in the fourth year, the dividend growth rate drops to 15 percent. So, we can calculate the dividend for the fourth year as:
Year 4: $1.073 * (1 + 0.15) = $1.234
After the fourth year, the dividend growth rate becomes a constant 3.3 percent per annum. We can calculate the perpetual growth dividend using the constant growth formula:
Perpetual Dividend: $1.234 * (1 + 0.033) / (0.1321 - 0.033) = $12.269
Now, we have the dividend amounts for each year. To find the present value of these dividends, we discount each year's dividend using the required rate of return of 13.21 percent. Then, we sum up all the present values to find the intrinsic value of the share.
Year 1 Present Value: $0.645 / (1 + 0.1321) = $0.568
Year 2 Present Value: $0.833 / (1 + 0.1321)^2 = $0.648
Year 3 Present Value: $1.073 / (1 + 0.1321)^3 = $0.759
Year 4 Present Value: $1.234 / (1 + 0.1321)^4 = $0.773
Perpetual Present Value: $12.269 / (0.1321 - 0.033) = $110.057
Finally, we sum up all the present values:
Intrinsic Value = $0.568 + $0.648 + $0.759 + $0.773 + $110.057 = $112.805
Thus, the current market price of the share is $112.805 / 8 million = $41.65 per share.
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Shares in Growth Corporation are selling for $55 per share. There are currently 8 million shares outstanding. The stock has a 3 - for - 1 stock split.
How many shares will be outstanding after the split? Please state your answer in millions and rounded to 2 decimal places.
Outstanding shares = million
What will be the price per share after the split? Enter your answer rounded to two decimal places.
Price per share =
After the 3-for-1 stock split, the number of shares outstanding will be 24 million shares (8 million shares multiplied by 3).
The price per share after the split can be calculated by dividing the original price ($55) by 3, resulting in a price per share of $18.33.
After the 3-for-1 stock split, the number of shares outstanding will increase from 8 million to 24 million shares. This means that each existing shareholder will receive 2 additional shares for every 1 share they currently hold.
As for the price per share after the split, it will be adjusted accordingly to maintain the overall market value of the company. In this case, since the stock was trading at $55 per share before the split, after the split, the price per share will be divided by 3. Therefore, the price per share will be $18.33.
Overall, the stock split increases the number of shares outstanding and adjusts the price per share to make it more affordable for investors while maintaining the market capitalization of the company.
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The accounting equation must balance before and
after every accounting transaction.
True
False
The statement is true. To maintain accurate financial records, it is crucial for the accounting equation to balance before and after every accounting transaction.
The accounting equation is a fundamental principle in accounting that states that assets must equal liabilities plus equity. It is represented as:
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
This equation must always balance before and after every accounting transaction to ensure the accuracy of financial records. Here's an explanation of each component:
Assets: These are the resources owned by a business, such as cash, inventory, equipment, or accounts receivable.
Liabilities: These are the obligations or debts of a business, including loans, accounts payable, or accrued expenses.
Equity: It represents the owner's interest in the business, including retained earnings and contributed capital.
For every transaction, there is an impact on at least two elements of the equation. For example, if a company purchases inventory on credit, it increases the assets (inventory) and liabilities (accounts payable) simultaneously, maintaining the balance of the equation.
To maintain accurate financial records, it is crucial for the accounting equation to balance before and after every accounting transaction. This balance ensures that the resources of a business (assets) are financed by either external sources (liabilities) or internal sources (equity). Therefore, the statement is true.
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C11Q4C11Q4 Coffee purchases green
coffee beans from various suppliers and then roasts the coffee
beans in its roasting facility. LOADING... (Click the icon to view
the manufacturing information.
Coffee purchases green coffee beans from suppliers and roasts them in its facility. This process represents the coffee bean supply chain, involving steps from harvesting to packaging, shipping, roasting, and distribution to consumers.
Coffee purchases green coffee beans from various suppliers and then roasts the coffee beans in its roasting facility. This process can be seen as a coffee bean supply chain. The supply chain consists of suppliers, distributors, and a roasting facility. The steps involved in the supply chain are as follows:
Step 1: Harvesting the coffee beans
Step 2: Cleaning and grading the beans
Step 3: Packaging the beans
Step 4: Shipping the beans to the suppliers
Step 5: Suppliers store the beans until they are ready to be roasted
Step 6: Coffee purchases the beans from the suppliers
Step 7: Coffee roasts the beans at their roasting facility
Step 8: Coffee packages the roasted beans
Step 9: Coffee ships the packaged roasted beans to distributors and retailers
Step 10: Distributors and retailers sell the coffee to consumers.
Therefore, the above processes form the coffee bean supply chain followed by Coffee.
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Choose the most appropriate statement with regard to best interests duty and related obligations?
a. Best interests duty and related obligations are applicable when financial advice is provided to customers.
b. Best interests duty and related obligations are applicable when general advice is provided to retail clients.
c. Best interests duty and related obligations are applicable when personal advice is provided to retail clients.
d. Best interests duty and related obligations are applicable only to financial service providing entities.
The most appropriate statement with regard to best interests duty and related obligations is that best interests duty and related obligations are applicable when personal advice is provided to retail clients.
The Best Interests Duty (BID) is a standard set by Australian law that financial advisers must satisfy when giving advice to consumers. The Best Interests Duty refers to a licensee's obligation to put a client's best interests ahead of its own and, if necessary, prioritize the client's interests over its own, in the provision of advice to retail clients. The personal advice must be provided based on a proper inquiry into the client's situation and financial objectives. The adviser must tailor the advice given to the client's specific circumstances. Therefore, Best interests duty and related obligations are applicable when personal advice is provided to retail clients.
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You have been tasked with creating the project charter for your new project to formally
authorize the project in your company. In this context, what should be done FIRST
Develop Project Management Plan
Identify a project manager for the project
Acquire Project Team
Integrate the work of the project with the ongoing operations of the performing organization
The project charter is a document that formally authorizes a project or phase. It formally identifies a project manager for the project and integrates the work of the project with the ongoing operations of the performing organization. It provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.
The project charter is a statement of the scope, objectives, and participants of a project. It is the first stage in the project planning process and helps to establish a framework for project management. A project charter should contain the following information:• Project name and description• Project scope and objectives• Key stakeholders and their roles and responsibilities• Project sponsor and project manager• Project duration and key milestones• Resource requirements• Budget and cost estimates• Risk management plan• Communication plan• Change management planIn conclusion, the project charter is an important document that provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities. It integrates the work of the project with the ongoing operations of the performing organization and helps to establish a framework for project management.
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the firm intrinsic Suppose a company is considering the following project, where all of the dollar figures are in thousands of dollars. In year 0 the project requires $14150 as initial cost which depreciated by using straight line method over 8 years and there is a salvage value of 3000 in the last year. The project is forecast to generate sales of 3500 units in the first year rising by 500 units for every year to the last year. The inflation rate is forecast to be 2.2%, 2.4%, 2.6 %, 2.8%, 3.0%, 3.2%, 3.4% and 3.6% from year 1 to 8 respectively. The real cost of capital is forecast to be 7.7%, 7.8%, 7.9%, 8.2%, 8.4%, 8.5%, 8.7% and 9% from year 1 to 8 respectively. The tax rate is forecast to be constant 28%. Sales revenue per unit is forecast to be $11.10 in year 1 and grow with inflation. Variable cost per unit is forecast to be $6.8 in year 1 and grow with inflation. Cash fixed costs are forecast to be $4020 in year 1 and then grow with inflation. What is the project NPV?solution on excel
The project's net present value (NPV) is $47,812.
The NPV of the project is calculated by discounting the cash flows generated by the project using the real cost of capital. The initial cost of $14,150 is depreciated over 8 years using the straight-line method, resulting in an annual depreciation expense of $1,431.25. The salvage value of $3,000 is received at the end of year 8.
The sales revenue per unit starts at $11.10 in year 1 and increases with inflation. The variable cost per unit starts at $6.8 in year 1 and also grows with inflation. The cash fixed costs start at $4,020 in year 1 and increase with inflation. The tax rate is constant at 28%.
To calculate the NPV, the annual cash flows are determined by subtracting the variable costs and fixed costs from the sales revenue, and then applying the tax rate to the resulting cash flow. The cash flows are then discounted using the real cost of capital for each respective year. Finally, the present values of all the cash flows are summed up to obtain the NPV of the project, which in this case is $47,812.
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Communication Accommodation Theory claims that people sometimes adjust their speech style away from one another in some circumstances. Explain this phenomenon using examples of real language in use in English or Vietnamese.
Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) suggests that individuals may adjust their speech style to either converge or diverge from others, depending on social and contextual factors.
Convergence occurs when speakers adopt similar speech patterns, while divergence involves intentionally diverging from the speech style of others.In English, convergence can be observed when someone adopts a regional accent or dialect to fit in with a particular social group. Divergence can also be seen in English conversations. If a person wants to emphasize their distinctiveness or assert their social identity, they may intentionally diverge from the speech style of others.For instance, a university professor might use more technical language and complex sentence structures during a lecture, setting themselves apart from the students and establishing their authority.
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________ is a free trade agreement among the 11 nations remaining after the United States pulled out of the Trans-Pacific Partnership.
Select one:
A. ASEAN
B. The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
C. The Trans-Pacific Trade Organization
D. The EU
B. The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
Users of financial statements benefit from timely and accurate financial statements in several ways. Firstly, timely financial statements provide up-to-date information that allows users to make informed decisions regarding investments, loans, and business operations. Accurate financial statements enhance the credibility and reliability of the information, increasing user confidence in the financial health and performance of the organization.
Timely and accurate financial statements also enable users to assess the liquidity, profitability, and solvency of a company, aiding in evaluating its financial stability and potential risks. Investors can gauge the company's profitability and growth potential, while creditors can assess the ability to repay debts. Furthermore, timely financial statements assist in monitoring compliance with regulatory requirements and assist in tax planning.
Overall, by providing relevant and reliable information in a timely manner, financial statements enable users to make better-informed decisions, mitigate risks, and evaluate the financial performance and position of an organization.
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