Write the empirical formula for at least four ionic compounds that could be formed from the following ions:

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Gamma radiation penetrates the cell wall of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and can inhibit their metabolic functions as well as destroy their DNA.

Debunking the other answers:

A is incorrect as Gamma radiation is used in the treatment of cancer via radiotherapy.

B is incorrect as Gamma rays are too small and would just penetrate any smoke particles.

C is incorrect because Gamma rays are used to disinfect food products to prevent food borne illness. Irradiation is safe to use on food and does not make it radioactive.

Thus, D is correct.

climate

Changes in the composition of the atmosphere have caused gradual changes in earth's climate throughout history, causing changes in plant and animal life that contributed to mass extinctions.

The following are some of the reasons:

heat

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The saturation mixing ratio for this parcel is 3.5

The value of the mixing ratio of saturated air at the specified temperature and pressure; a thermodynamic function of the state.

A thermodynamic diagram can be used to directly read this value. The saturation mixing ratio speaks of saturation in relation to a plane surface of pure water without any other qualifier. Additionally, saturation mixing ratios can be defined in relation to a flat ice surface.

The mass of water vapor to the mass of dry air (Md) in a parcel of air at saturation is known as the saturation mixing ratio. In other words, the saturation mixing ratio is the most water vapor a package can contain without condensing. The saturation mixing ratio on the Skew-T is represented by the mixing ratio line that passes through the temperature.

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The states of matter change to produce the same or the new substance. When yeast is added to hydrogen peroxide bubble of carbon dioxide is formed which indicates chemical change.

A chemical change is the formation of a new substance by the chemical alterations in the reactants. The yeast releases products of cellular respiration that react with hydrogen peroxide.

The reaction is exothermic as it releases heat and increases the temperature when measured by the thermometer. The Fizzing and bubbling occur when carbon dioxide reacts with H₂O₂ to produce a new substance.

Therefore, addition of yeast to hydrogen peroxide is a chemical change.

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Answer:

The type of change that took place is most likely a chemical change, due to the recordable reactivity of the hydrogen peroxide to the yeast granules in the experiment.

Explanation:

As stated in the question, the hydrogen peroxide started fizzing and bubbling in reaction to the yeast granules, which is already a sign of a chemical change. The question also states that there was an increase in temperature. This is another sign of a chemical change. Hope this helped (;

Answer:

D

Explain:

Biology because normally everyone just studies under it so that is my answer for you i hope its right.

An atom which an electron moves from the first to the third shell atom absorbs more energy.

An atoms may occupy different energy states . The energy states are discrete , that means they occur at specific values only. Therefore an atom can only move to a new energy level if it absorbs or emits an amount of energy that exactly corresponds to the difference between two energy levels.

The lowest possible energy levels that the atom can occupy is called ground state.The energy levels which is higher to the ground state is called excited state.

The more energy absorb when electron move from first to third because in this second energy level have to pass to reach at third energy level.

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According to Boyle's law, If one halves the volume of a constant amount of gas at a constant temperature, the pressure will be doubled.

Boyle's law is one of the gas laws that states that the pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature.

Boyle's law equation can be represented as follows:

P = KV

This law suggests that as the pressure of a gas increases, the volume decreases.

Therefore, in accordance with Boyle's law, If one halves the volume of a constant amount of gas at a constant temperature, the pressure will increase times 2 or double.

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The equilibrium vapour pressure of diethyl ether and ethanol at room temperature or at 20°C is 442mm and 5.95kPa.

The pressure exerted by gas in equilibrium state with a solid or liquid in container at a given temperature is termed as vapour pressure.

Surface area:

The surface area of solid of liquid which is in contact with the gas do not much affect the vapour pressure.

Type of molecules:

Greater the intermolecular face small will be smaller will be vapour pressure, if lesser the force then greater will be the vapour pressure.

Temperature:

At high temp.,more molecules has enough energy to escape from the liquid or solide. At lower temp. feuer molecule escape enhance lesser tha vapour pressure.

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0.014559 g/cm³ is the surface area that covered in square.

Definition of surface area -

The surface area is calculated as -

Conversion of units -

[tex]26 m * \frac{100 cm}{1 m} = 2600 cm[/tex]

[tex]279 kg * \frac{1g}{1000 kg} = 0.279 g[/tex]

[tex]0.0015 mm * \frac{0.1 cm}{1mm} = 0.00015 cm[/tex]

Now we use formula for volume -

      [tex]Volume = \frac{mass}{density}[/tex]

                   [tex]= \frac{0.279 g}{19.3 g/ cm^{3} }[/tex]

                  = 0.014559 g/cm³

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Answer:

Within each group of metals, reactivity increases as you go down the group. The valence electrons are less tightly bound and easier to remove, because they are farther away from the nucleus of the atom. A nonmetal tends to attract additional valence electrons to attain a full valence shell.

Hope it's helpful to you

The pH of the solution is 9.14

To calculate the amount of hydrogen gas collected, we use the equation given by ideal gas which follows:

PV = nRT

P= Pressure of the gas = 735 torr

V= volume of the gas = 7.70 l

T= Temperature of the gas= 22°C (22+273K) = 295K

R= Gas constant= 62.364 L torr/mol/K

n = number of moles of ammonia = ?

By substituting the values in the above equation, we get:

735×7.70 = n × 62.364 × 295

5659.5 = n × 18397.38

n= 5659.5/18397.38

n= 0.3076

To calculate the number of moles for given molarity, we use the equation:

Molarity of the solution = [tex]\frac{moles of solute}{volume of solution}[/tex]

Molarity of hydrochloric acid = 0.400 M

Volume of solution = 0.250 L

Putting values in above equation, we get:

0.400= moles of solute/0.250

moles of hydrochloric acid = 0.1 mol

The chemical reaction for ethylamine and HCl follows the equation:

NH3+HCl---> NH4Cl

Initial:         0.316             0.18

Final:          0.136     -            0.18

volume of the solution = 0.250 l

To calculate the pOH of basic buffer, we use the equation given by Henderson Hasselbalch:

pOH = pKb + log([tex]\frac{salt}{base}[/tex])

pOH = pKb + log([tex]\frac{NH4Cl}{NH3}[/tex])

it is given:

pKb =  negative logarithm of base dissociation constant of ammonia =

-log(1.8 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex]) = 4.74

[NH4Cl] = 0.18/0.450

[NH3] = 0.136/0.450

On substituting the values we get,

pOH= 4.74 + log ([tex]\frac{0.18/0.250}{0.136/0.250}[/tex])

pOH = 4.74 + 0.12

pOH= 4.86

pH + pOH= 14

pH= 14-pOH

    = 14-4.86

pH = 9.14

pH of the solution = 9.14

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An acute effect is an immediate or rapid harmful reaction to a exposure.

A chronic effect is a permanent/ long-lasting consequence from exposure to a single dose or to repeated lower doses of a harmful substance.

What is an acute effect?

Acute (short-term) effects show up immediately or soon after exposure to the chemical. They may be minor, like nose or throat irritation, or they could be serious, like eye damage or passing out from chemical vapors. It is an adverse effect on a human or animal body, with severe symptoms developing rapidly and coming quickly to a crisis.

What is a acute effect example?

Examples of acute health effects include dizziness, skin irritation, and throat irritation. Keep in mind that a chemical may cause both acute and chronic effects.

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Toluene compound reacts third fastest with fuming sulfuric acid.

The reaction is attached in figure -

What is toluene?

What is a toluene used for?

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High surface tension because of the attraction between water molecules helps bugs walk on the surface of the water.

Surface tension is important for insects that walk on water. They would sink without it. When compared to air molecules, water molecules are more strongly attracted to one another. Due to cohesion, this makes them attract and cling to one another strongly in a body of water. The water molecules between the molecules at the water's surface are more strongly attracted to one another because they do not have water molecules surrounding them on all sides.

As a result, there is an inward force that forms a "film" at the surface and causes the water to act as though a thin membrane were covering it. Surface tension is the term for this phenomena.

Surface tension can be used to the advantage of some insect and spider species. They don't break the water's surface when they stand on it because their negligible weight is insufficient to dissipate the force of surface tension. Instead, they make dimples or indentations in the surface with their feet, which rebound to move the insect ahead. This enables them to move swiftly over ponds, lakes, and rivers in search of prey.

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It should be remembered that the mole fraction of any component making up a system is 1.

the proportion of the moles of one component to the total moles of all the components in a solution or other mixture.

The ratio of molecules of one component in a mixture is known as a mole fraction. For instance, if the methane mole fraction in a gas is 0.90, then this implies that 90% of the molecules are methane. The mixture also contains 90% methane since the amount fractions resemble mole fractions.

By dividing the moles of the solute by the total moles of the substances in the solution, you may determine the mole fraction of the solute.

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A titration is a method for figuring out the concentration of an unknown solution by using a solution with known concentration.

What is Titration?

Titration, commonly referred to as titrimetry, is a quantitative analysis technique that enables chemists to estimate the quantities of specific chemicals in a sample that are unknown.

A known volume of one solution of known concentration (referred to as a titrant) is slowly added to a known volume of another solution of unknown concentration (referred to as analyte) throughout the basic titration procedure until the reaction reaches neutralization.

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The theoretical yield of a reaction is 75.0 grams of product and the actual yield is 42.0 grams. The percent yield of the reaction is 56 %.

The amount can be produced from the correct computation is called Theoretical Yield.

The actual amount which is produced in the experiment is called Actual Yield.

To calculate the percentage yield use the formula

[tex]\text{Percentage Yield} = \frac{\text{Actual Yield}}{\text{Theoretical Yield}} \times 100 \%[/tex]

Here,

Actual yield = 42 grams

Theoretical yield = 75 grams

Put the value in above expression we get

[tex]\text{Percentage Yield} = \frac{\text{Actual Yield}}{\text{Theoretical Yield}} \times 100 \%[/tex]

                          [tex]= \frac{42\ g}{75\ g} \times 100 \%[/tex]

                          = 56 %

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The theoretical yield of a reaction is 75.0 grams of product and the actual yield is 42.0 grams. The percent yield of the reaction is 56 %.

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There are 3 moles of [tex]H_{2} O[/tex]  are produced in neutralization when 1. 5 mole of [tex]Mg(OH)_{2}[/tex]  reacts with [tex]H_{2} SO_{4[/tex]

The neutralization reaction between magnesium hydroxide and sulfuric acid is given as,

[tex]Mg(OH)_{2} + H_{2} SO_{4[/tex] → [tex]MgSO_{4} + 2H_{2} O[/tex]

from above chemical equation , we can conclude the molar ratio = 1:2

It means two moles of water molecule is produce from one mole of magnesium hydroxide.

So, number of moles of water molecules produced from  1. 5 mole of magnesium hydroxide = 1. 5 mole× 2 = 3 moles

Therefore,  number of moles of water molecules produced from  1. 5 mole of magnesium hydroxide is 3 moles.

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After eliminating common terms, the net reaction occurs when we combine the reactions of an acid protonating water and its conjugate base deprotonating water is the autoionization of water.

The autoionization of water demonstrates that water can react with itself because acids and bases should interact with one another.

Here, the sound should be strange. Additionally, the water molecules should experience a small degree of proton exchange.

Thus, the correct option is c. The autoionization of water.

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The question is complete. Your complete question is given below:

a. The acid-base reaction between the acid and its conjugate base.

b. The synthesis of a complex between the acid and its conjugate base.

c. The autoionization of water.

d. None of the above.

mass of Liquid 1 + mass of solid = mass of Liquid 2 + mass of gas mass of Liquid

The law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time, as system's mass cannot change, so quantity cannot be added nor removed. Hence, the quantity of mass is conserved over time.

According to the rule of conservation of mass, mass is neither generated nor destroyed during a chemical process. For instance, when coal is burned, the carbon atom in it transforms into carbon dioxide. The carbon atom transforms from a solid to a gas, yet its mass remains constant.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Hope It Helps!!!!

Answer:

See belwo

Explanation:

First it becomes a compressed gas.... further pressure will cause it to condense into a liquid.

Answer:

B.) 0.316

Explanation:

To find the moles, you need to multiply the given value by the molar mass. The molar mass is made up of each element's atomic mass times their quantities. It is important to arrange the conversion in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.

Atomic Mass (S): 32.065 g/mol

Atomic Mass (O): 15.998 g/mol

Molar Mass (SO₃): 32.065 g/mol + 3(15.998 g/mol)

Molar Mass (SO₃): 80.059 g/mol

25.3 grams SO₃                1 mole
-------------------------  x  -------------------------  =  0.316 moles SO₃
                                    80.059 grams

There are 165600 coulombs passed through the solution if 11. 5 A of current was applied for 4. 00 h.

Calculation,

Formula used :

Q = It

Where Q = charge passing through the solution = ?

I = current passed through the solution =  11. 5 A

and ,  t = time = 4. 00 h

Putting the value of current , and  time

Q = 11. 5×4. 00 h =11. 5× 46×3600 A×s = 165600 coulombs

The SI unit of charge is coulombs.

The SI unit of current is ampere.

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The sample response given in the question is right. Displacement is the shortest distance between the initial and final points of a body. Distance is the length of actual path of the body between initial and final positions.

To find the answer, we need to know more about the distance and displacement.

Thus, we can conclude that the given sample response is right.

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0.56 V  is the standard potential, e∘cell∘, for this galvanic cell.

The standard reduction potential can be calculated by subtracting the standard reduction potential for the reaction occurring at the cathode from the standard reduction potential for the reaction occurring at the anode. The minus sign is necessary because oxidation is the polar opposite of reduction. The total cell potential can be calculated using the formula E0cell=E0red+E0oxid. Step two is to find a solution. Before the two reactions may be integrated, the number of electrons gained in the reduction must match the number of electrons lost in the oxidation

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#4204.

The standard potential for the given galvanic cell is 0.477 V

The electrode potential is the electromotive force of a galvanic cell built using a standard reference electrode and another electrode whose potential is to be found.

There are two types of electrode potential

Oxidation potential - The potential associated with oxidation reaction is known as oxidation potential

Reduction potential - The potential associated with reduction reaction is known as reduction potential

At the anode, oxidation occurs

[tex]Sn(s)\rightarrow Sn^{2+}(aq)+2e^-[/tex]

At the cathode, reduction occurs

[tex]Cu^{2+}(aq)+2e^-\rightarrow Cu(s)[/tex]

[tex]E^o_{cell} =E^o_{cathode} -E^o_{anode}[/tex]

        = 0.337 - (-0.140)

        = 0.477 V

Thus, The standard potential for the given galvanic cell is 0.477 V

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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question

Question: What is the standard potential, E∘cell, for this galvanic cell? Use the given standard reduction potentials in your calculation as appropriate.

[tex]Sn^{2+}(aq)+2e^-\rightarrow Sn(s)[/tex], E°red=−0.140 V

[tex]Cu^{2+}(aq)+2e^-\rightarrow Cu(s)[/tex], E°red=+0.337 V

The conversion of the fatty acid palmitate (C-16) to carbon dioxide via β-oxidation, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation yield approximately 106 atp equivalents.

The most prevalent kind of fatty acid with sixteen carbon atoms without carbon-carbon double bonds would be palmitic acid. There must be a maximum of seven cycles of beta-oxidation in order to totally degrade the fatty acid. 8 acetyl-CoA molecules, 7 NADH molecules, with 7 FADH2 molecules are produced as a result of this.

The primary enzyme, CAT-1, catalyzes the production of acylcarnitine carnitine, which provides the rate-limiting step in beta-oxidation.

Therefore, the conversion of the fatty acid palmitate (C-16) to carbon dioxide via β-oxidation, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation yield approximately 106 atp equivalents.

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8.62%

8.62% is the percent error of the experiment.

Rounding to the nearest hundredth value will be 8.620.

(-655 - -603)/(-603) = 0.0862

Multiply by 100%,

(0.0862) x 100% = 8.62%

The percent error is the difference between the estimated value and the actual value in relation to the actual value.

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By generating a rate law is complicated when the rate-determining step is preceded by 'a' is a Equilibrium reaction.

The rate law shows about the rate of chemical reaction depends on reactant concentration.

According to rate law, the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of reaction which is raised to a stiochiometric coefficient which is determined experimentally.

Thus, from above we concluded that if the preceding reaction is an equilibrium, that compromises the simplicity of writing the rate law from the stiochiometry of the rate determining step will be used up in the reverse reaction of the equilibrium.

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The pH of a 0.250m solution of succinic acid is 2.42.

Succinic acid is one of the naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid having four carbon, which is produced by LPG.

It can be used in many chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries.

Given,

pKa = 4.21

As we know that,

pKa = - logKa

4.21 = -logKa

Ka = antilog(-4.21)

Ka = 6.1 × 10^(-5)

Now, let the concentration of [H+] = [A-] = x

Ka = [H+] [A-] /[HA]

6.1 × 10^(-5) = x^2/ (0.25-x)

x^2 = 1.52 × 10^(-5)

x = 3.89 × 10^(-3)

Thus, the concentration of [H+] = [A-] = 3.89 × 10^(-3).

Now, we will calculate the value of pH

pH = - log[H+]

pH = -log(3.89 × 10^(-3))

pH = 2.42

Thus, we found that the pH of the given solution is 2.42.

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There are four unpaired electrons present in the complex ion  [tex][CoBr_6]^3^-[/tex]  

A complex ion  [tex][CoBr_6]^3^-[/tex]  is an octahedral complex. Co is the central atom to which 6 Br atoms are attached. Br is a weak field ligand and forms a high spin complex.

Electronic configuration of Co -  [tex][Ar] 3d^7 4s^2[/tex]

Electronic configuration of [tex]Co^3^+ \rightarrow [Ar] 3d^6[/tex]

Electronic configuration of [tex][CoBr_6]^3^-\\[/tex] - [tex]t_2_g^4 e_g^2[/tex]

Hence, there are 4 unpaired electrons present in the complex ion  [tex][CoBr_6]^3^-[/tex] .

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