Woodrow Wilson discussed a distinction between politics and administration in the field of public administration.

Briefly describe the "politics-administration dichotomy" and its relevancy to 21st-century public administrators.

Buster Crabbe is a scallop fisherman at Lakes Entrance. Each fisherman has a quota of so many tonnes of scallops per week. A fine of up to $100,000 is prescribed for fishermen, who are caught exceeding the quota. This is to deter people from fishing out the shell-fish. Buster would like to harvest more scallops but fears being caught and penalised.

Buster's daughter, who has studied company law, suggests that if Buster formed a company, with himself in control, he would effectively double his catch without breaking the law. The legal basis for Buster's daughter's suggestion would be under the concept of a company. The concept of a company involves the registration of a company under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) with a separate legal personality from its directors, members, and shareholders.

A company is registered with the purpose of carrying out activities such as earning profits, dealing with contracts and property, and engaging in legal action. It has a separate legal identity that distinguishes it from its directors and shareholders, which means that it can sue and be sued, enter into contracts, and engage in other legal activities under its name.A company is a separate legal entity that has its own separate legal personality from its owners. This means that the company can own property, sign contracts, and sue or be sued. Therefore, if Buster Crabbe were to form a company, he could use that company to obtain another quota of scallops.

This is because each company would be able to get its own quota of scallops.The likelihood of success of such a scheme would be very low. This is because such actions are not in line with the intentions of the regulators of the quota system. If such a scheme were to be successful, it would mean that it would be contrary to the government's aim of limiting the amount of scallops harvested. This would cause a serious risk to the ecosystem as scallops would be over-harvested. Therefore, the regulator might take steps to prevent such a scheme.

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The American criminal justice process begins with an arrest.

An arrest refers to a legal detention of a person by law enforcement officials, typically for questioning, criminal charges, or criminal charges filing. It is the first step in the American criminal justice process. When police or other law enforcement officials arrest someone, they take them into custody, meaning that they have legally restricted that person's freedom of movement.

Law enforcement officials have the right to make an arrest when they have probable cause to suspect that the person has committed a crime. The United States Constitution guarantees that all individuals are innocent until proven guilty, and all arrests should follow a legally defined process to protect individual rights and prevent wrongful convictions.

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Even preschoolers with good language skills recall poorly because they are not skilled at using elaboration techniques.

The statement suggests that elaboration techniques play a significant role in recalling memory effectively. Elaboration techniques are defined as a cognitive mechanism that aids in the creation of elaborate connections between incoming information and previously stored memories. These techniques allow a person to connect new knowledge to prior experiences and ideas, which is essential for memory recall. Without these techniques, it becomes challenging to recall the stored information.

In this context, preschoolers with good language skills recall poorly because they are not yet skilled at using elaboration techniques. Even though they have excellent language skills, they may struggle to create elaborate connections between newly acquired information and their existing knowledge base due to the lack of experience.To Sum UpEven preschoolers with good language skills recall poorly because they are not skilled at using elaboration techniques.

Elaboration techniques are necessary for effective memory recall as they allow us to make meaningful connections between new knowledge and prior experiences. Without these techniques, it is difficult to recall stored information.

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Examples of advertising and entertainment media that exemplify how intimacy is socially constructed include commercials promoting family values and TV shows depicting close friendships.

Commercials promoting family values often depict idealized versions of family interactions, emphasizing the importance of togetherness, support, and affection. These ads shape our perception of intimacy within a family context by presenting specific behaviors and dynamics as desirable and socially accepted.

TV shows that depict close friendships also contribute to the social construction of intimacy. These shows portray characters who share deep emotional connections, engage in meaningful conversations, and provide support to one another. They shape our understanding of intimacy by presenting friendships as sources of emotional fulfillment and companionship.

Both these examples illustrate how media constructs and influences our understanding of intimacy beyond romantic love and sex. They contribute to the social construction of intimacy by presenting certain ideals, behaviors, and relationships as desirable and socially valued.

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"b. emphasize open-ended questions," is not recommended when gathering information through surveys.

Open-ended questions allow respondents to provide detailed and personalized responses, which can be valuable in certain contexts. However, there are several reasons why emphasizing open-ended questions may not be recommended in survey design:

To address these challenges, surveys often include a mix of closed-ended questions (with pre-defined response options) and a limited number of well-crafted open-ended questions when necessary. This approach allows for efficient data collection, easier analysis, and better comparability of responses.

It's important to strike a balance between the depth of insights obtained through open-ended questions and the practical considerations of survey design, including response rates, analysis feasibility, and respondent experience.

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1. The problem-solving process helped K&N by making their manufacturing process more efficient, which in turn reduced costs and increased profits.

K&N used Six Sigma, a data-driven approach to problem-solving, to identify issues in their manufacturing process and implement solutions. By improving their manufacturing process, K&N was able to reduce waste, lower production costs, and improve quality control. This led to increased customer satisfaction and repeat business.

2. Operational steps refer to the specific actions or tasks that need to be taken in order to achieve a particular goal or objective. In a business context, operational steps might include tasks such as setting up a production line, hiring and training employees, sourcing raw materials, and developing a marketing strategy.

Operational steps are an important part of the problem-solving process because they help to break down complex problems into manageable tasks and enable teams to take action to address specific issues. By following a structured approach to problem-solving that includes operational steps, organizations can identify and address issues quickly and efficiently, leading to improved performance and increased profitability.

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Human resource training is relevant worldwide because it helps organizations to improve the performance of their employees, increase productivity, and overall achieve their goals.

The training of employees is essential in equipping them with the knowledge and skills necessary to handle different tasks and challenges. It is essential in enabling employees to adapt to new technologies, changes in the workplace, and new job responsibilities.

Through training, employees also develop better communication skills, teamwork, leadership, and problem-solving abilities, all of which are essential in enhancing productivity and achieving success in any organization. Finally, training enhances the employee's morale, job satisfaction, and sense of belonging, which contributes significantly to the success of any organization.

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Health problems, overcrowding, and crime were some of the problems found in the slums in the late 1800s and early 1900s where children lived.

Slum  surroundings are neighborhoods characterized by structurally deficient or unsafe  casing. utmost slums are overcrowded, lack of access to applicable  serviceability, similar as safe drinking- water and sanitation, and are subject to insecure  term. Slums are also more likely to be sited in areas with other environmental pitfalls,  similar as  flood tide- plains, mountainsides prone to mudslides, or in the vicinity of waste dumps or heavy assiduity. All of these factors  complicate  casing- related health  pitfalls including  contagious  conditions, noninfectious  conditions, violence and injury, and  internal health issues.  

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The San Andreas fault in California is an example of a particular kind of junction between crustal plates. This kind of junction is called a transform boundary.

Transform boundaries occur when two lithospheric plates slide by one another in opposite directions along a fracture (fault) in the Earth’s crust. As plates move past each other in opposite directions, they grind and rub against each other, resulting in intense earthquake activity. This is because the contact point between the two plates is where a lot of tension is created.

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The correct option among the given options is d. latent learning. Learning that occurs without the application of external reinforcements is called latent learning.

Latent learning, as previously mentioned, is a type of learning that takes place without reinforcement. It's a type of learning that takes place outside of conscious awareness. Animals and people might learn things on their own without the need for reinforcement.

Classical conditioning is another name for non-operant conditioning. It's a type of learning that occurs as a result of a stimulus being associated with another stimulus that already causes a particular response.What is cognitive acquisition?Cognitive acquisition refers to the process by which an individual learns to collect, process, and store information, such as facts, knowledge, and ideas.What is economic learning?Economic learning refers to the process of learning how to optimally use economic resources to produce the highest degree of satisfaction possible from scarce resources.

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True, some 700 blacks sat in state legislatures during Reconstruction. This was made possible by the Reconstruction Acts of 1867, which gave black males the right to vote and also removed voting restrictions on poor whites.

Black legislators were part of the Republican Party and were elected to office in the South, where they worked to pass laws that advanced the rights of African Americans and challenged white supremacist policies. Some of these laws included measures to establish public schools, protect black civil rights, and promote racial equality. However, these gains were short-lived, as the end of Reconstruction in 1877 saw the rise of the Jim Crow laws, which were a series of state and local laws in the United States that enforced racial segregation and restricted the rights of African Americans. Despite this setback, the black legislators during Reconstruction played an important role in shaping American history by advocating for equal rights and paving the way for future civil rights leaders.

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Political scientist Harold Lasswell said politics is the struggle over who gets what, when, and how.

Politics, according to political scientist Harold D. Lasswell, is "who gets what, when, and how." Any person of a polity may be referred to as "who" under this definition. What in the phrase could mean anything from commonplace tax breaks to government initiatives, societal resources, and access to rights and privileges.

Timing is what "when" in the term means. Let's not forget that timing can often be just as crucial as the actual event. How matters a lot. Political scientists are very interested in the procedures by which someone obtains something in a polity, as well as the institutional setups and practises that are used.

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Controls that attempt to identify issues BEFORE losses happen are PREVENTIVE controls.

What are preventive controls?

Preventive controls are one of three primary categories of controls, according to the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Preventive, detective, and corrective controls are the three types of internal controls.

The purpose of preventive controls is to avoid or mitigate problems before they arise, rather than to address them after they have already happened. Preventive controls are put in place to safeguard the organization from loss due to human or machine error, theft, or fraud.

Examples of preventive controlsExamples of preventive controls include:

Security cameras with motion detection sensors

Fire alarms are equipped with smoke detectorsLaptop security cablesPassword protected computers and mobile devices

Restricted access to secure data systems

Secure shredding bins to prevent theft of documentsPhysical controls over assets to prevent unauthorized removalsA comprehensive security program designed to reduce the likelihood of data breaches

A policy requiring mandatory vacations to ensure that fraudulent activities are detected

What are detective controls?

Detective controls are used to uncover problems after they have occurred. For example, monitoring, reconciliation, and audits are all examples of detective controls. Detective controls serve as a safety net for the prevention and corrective controls, ensuring that they are functioning correctly and as intended.

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The quality of research and use of the outlined structure for the Centre for Social Innovation topic are crucial for accuracy and effectiveness.

When conducting research on the Centre for Social Innovation, it is essential to prioritize accuracy and attention to detail. This involves gathering information from reputable and reliable sources such as academic journals, scholarly articles, and official publications. Verifying the credibility of sources ensures the accuracy of the information presented. Additionally, paying close attention to details helps in providing a comprehensive and well-rounded understanding of the topic.

To ensure an effective use of the structure outlined for the Centre for Social Innovation, it is important to follow a logical and organized approach. This can involve dividing the topic into relevant sections, such as the organization's history, mission, programs, impact, and future goals. Each section should be supported by relevant and reliable information, incorporating technical points specific to the field of social innovation.

By structuring the information in a coherent and systematic manner, the content becomes more accessible and enhances the reader's understanding of the Centre for Social Innovation.

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1. Need for gendered language around violence and trauma:

Gendered language around violence and trauma is necessary to capture how violence and trauma are experienced by different genders and how this differs.

Gendered language helps to move away from the neutral language that doesn't fully capture the experience of individuals who experience violence or trauma due to their gender identity. The use of gendered language recognizes how gender norms are implicated in violence and trauma and can help to create policies that aim to address gender-based violence.

2. Connections between the perpetration of trauma and oppression:

Oppression is linked to the perpetuation of trauma since oppressive structures, such as patriarchy and racism, contribute to the perpetration of violence and trauma.

Perpetrators of trauma often use violence to maintain their power and control over others who are perceived as different. For instance, women, children, and minorities are most vulnerable to violence and trauma due to their marginalized status. Therefore, understanding the connections between the perpetration of trauma and oppression is critical in designing interventions that address the root causes of violence and trauma.

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Bandura's Social Learning Theory applied to workplace relationships: Individuals learn behaviors by observing and imitating colleagues, emphasizing the importance of positive role models and creating a supportive learning environment.

Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory can be applied to interpersonal relationships within the workplace or organization. According to Bandura, individuals learn behaviors by observing others and the consequences of their actions. In the context of the workplace, this theory suggests that employees acquire new skills, attitudes, and behaviors by observing and imitating their colleagues, supervisors, and other influential figures in the organization.

In the workplace, the social learning process occurs through various mechanisms. For example, employees observe how their colleagues handle conflict, communicate with others, or demonstrate leadership skills. By observing these behaviors, individuals learn how to navigate interpersonal relationships effectively within the organization. They can model positive behaviors, such as active listening, empathy, and cooperation, which contribute to building strong and collaborative relationships in the workplace.

Moreover, Bandura's theory highlights the importance of vicarious reinforcement in shaping behavior. When employees observe their peers being rewarded or praised for certain interpersonal skills, they are more likely to adopt similar behaviors. Conversely, witnessing negative consequences for inappropriate behaviors can deter individuals from engaging in such actions.

Applying Bandura's Social Learning Theory in the workplace can involve fostering a positive and inclusive organizational culture that encourages employees to observe and learn from one another. This can be achieved through mentorship programs, cross-functional teamwork, and opportunities for collaborative learning. By providing a supportive environment that values interpersonal skills development, organizations can enhance employee relationships, communication, and overall workplace dynamics.

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An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a diagnostic instrument that records brainwave activity. Using electrodes positioned on the scalp, an EEG is a non-invasive procedure that assesses the electrical activity of the brain.

It recognises and logs the brain wave patterns that are brought about by the coordinated electrical firing of brain cells. In therapeutic settings, EEGs are frequently used to identify and track a wide range of neurological problems, including epilepsy, sleep disorders, brain tumours, and cognitive abnormalities. They give important insights into how the brain works and can assist medical practitioners in evaluating brain activity and spotting anomalies or irregularities in brain-wave patterns.

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The given statement - "We often believe that things are true because they pop into our minds easily, which reflects our use of the availability heuristic" is an accurate statement.

Heuristics are mental short cuts that facilitate speedy problem solving and judgment. One such form of heuristic is the availability heuristic, which is a mental shortcut that aids in decision-making by allowing us to base choices on how simple it is to recall something or how "available" it is in our memory. The given statement, "We often believe that things are true because they pop into our minds easily, which reflects our use of the availability heuristic," points to our use of the availability heuristic, thus option D, availability, is the proper response.

The availability heuristic, which is Option D, is a mental shortcut that enables us to select choices depending on how quickly we can recall something or how "available" it is in our memory.

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The correct answer is "support for strict interpretation of the Constitution."Jackson's veto of the Maysville Road Bill demonstrated his support for strict interpretation of the Constitution.

What is the Maysville Road Bill?

The Maysville Road bill was a federal infrastructure bill for the construction of a road in Kentucky. It was proposed by Senator Henry Clay and supported by President John Quincy Adams. Andrew Jackson, who succeeded Adams as President, vetoed the bill on May 27, 1830.

The veto of the Maysville Road Bill was significant because it demonstrated President Jackson's commitment to strict interpretation of the Constitution. He argued that the bill was unconstitutional because it was a state infrastructure project, and the federal government had no authority to fund it.

Jackson's veto was widely criticized by supporters of internal improvements, who argued that it would limit the government's ability to invest in public infrastructure projects.

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There are several reasons why Godiva Chocolate brand should not launch offline and continue online.

Here are some of the reasons:

1. High Rent Costs: Opening a physical store will require the brand to pay high rent costs. This can lead to increased overhead expenses, which can hurt the profitability of the business.

2. Limited Reach: A physical store is limited in its reach to potential customers. This means that only those in the immediate vicinity of the store will be able to purchase products.

3. Competitive Environment: The chocolate industry is highly competitive, with many established brands vying for market share. Launching a physical store will put Godiva in direct competition with other established brands, which can be difficult.

4. Costly Expansion: If Godiva wishes to expand to other locations, it will require significant investment. This can be a risky proposition, as expansion can be difficult and costly.

5. Changing Consumer Habits: Consumers are increasingly moving towards online shopping. By continuing online, Godiva can reach a wider audience and cater to changing consumer habits.

Therefore, Godiva Chocolate brand should not launch offline and continue online due to high rent costs, limited reach, competitive environment, costly expansion, and changing consumer habits.

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The average amount of miles driven per year varies depending on the country, state, or even the individual. However, according to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the average amount of miles driven per year by a car in the United States is approximately 13,500 miles.

However, it's important to note that this value can change over time and may differ in different countries or regions. Please keep in mind that the average amount of miles driven per year is subject to change, and for the most up-to-date information, it is advisable to refer to recent studies or reports from reliable sources.

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The screening process identified 376 potential security risks out of the 2000 college students involved in the research project.

In this research project, 2000 college students were selected to participate, and each student was given a plane ticket to fly from one major airport to another. Additionally, 250 of the students were provided with fake explosive equipment, as per the approval obtained from the Transportation Security Administration (TSA).

During the screening process, a total of 376 college students were flagged as potential security risks. This means that these individuals exhibited characteristics or carried items that raised concerns during the screening procedure. Out of the 376 students identified as potential risks, 84 were found to be carrying the fake explosive equipment provided to them.

The screening process successfully identified individuals who warranted further attention due to their behavior or the presence of suspicious items. It is important to note that the research project was conducted with the explicit approval of the TSA, ensuring that proper protocols and security measures were followed throughout the study.

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The loyalty reaction, a response to discontent, is defined as a psychological and behavioural tendency of people to stick with a certain brand, organisation, or relationship in spite of their dissatisfaction.

This response is characterised by a persistent desire to engage with and support the brand or organisation as well as a willingness to give it another try.The loyalty reaction can appear in many different forms. For instance, people may actively look for solutions to address their displeasure by offering feedback, having frank conversations, or communicating their issues to the company. They might also carry on making purchases or using the services provided in the hopes of finding solutions.When people have a favourable past or a strong emotional tie, the loyalty response is frequently seen.

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The problem with using food for shaping in this context is the potential for satiation effects.

Using food as a reinforcer for shaping behaviors in dog training can present the issue of satiation effects. Satiation refers to a state where the dog becomes full or satisfied after consuming a certain amount of food. When a dog is satiated, the motivation to perform the desired behavior decreases because the primary reinforcer (food) loses its effectiveness.

In shaping, a process where successive approximations of the target behavior are reinforced, the trainer needs to provide consistent and timely reinforcement to reinforce the desired behavior. If food is used as the primary reinforcer, the dog's motivation to continue working for food decreases as they become satiated.

Additionally, using food as a reinforcer in shaping can also lead to potential problems with the dog's weight management and overall health. Relying solely on food reinforcement during shaping may result in excessive caloric intake, leading to weight gain or other health issues if not carefully managed.

To address these concerns, Marie, the professional dog trainer, prefers to use conditioned reinforcers instead of food in shaping. Conditioned reinforcers are secondary reinforcers that have been paired with primary reinforcers (such as food) over time and have acquired reinforcing properties on their own. By using conditioned reinforcers like verbal cues, clickers, or other signals, Marie can effectively shape the dog's behavior without relying solely on food. This approach helps to avoid satiation effects and provides more flexibility in training while maintaining the dog's motivation.

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The correct answer is b. Most favored nations (MFN) treatment means extending to any trading partner with MFN status the same privileges and concessions that have been granted in negotiation to any other trade partner.

It is a principle in international trade that aims to promote non-discrimination among trading partners. Under MFN treatment, a country agrees to treat all other nations equally, ensuring that any favorable trade terms or concessions offered to one country are automatically extended to all other countries with MFN status. This principle helps create a more open and equitable trading system, preventing discrimination and promoting fair treatment in international trade relations.

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One of the current issues in society today that can be attributed to the lack of good communication is the increasing rate of divorces. Divorce is a major societal issue, and it is becoming more common across the globe.

Why do you think there is poor communication, in your opinion? In relationships, a lack of communication can lead to divorce. This is caused by a number of factors, including employment obligations, advancing technology, and the pace of life in general. Lack of good communication has resulted in misconceptions, which have sparked arguments and split ups. Technology has made the globe smaller and more interconnected, but it has also brought up new problems. More information is now available to people, but they do not have the time to fully process it. They thus are unable to comprehend the wants and needs of their spouses. People frequently speak more than they listen, which leads to misunderstandings and disputes. In conclusion, poor communication can cause misconceptions, which can cause relationships to fall apart. To maintain a good relationship, people must develop efficient communication skills and active listening skills.

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The Soviets launching Sputnik led to significant consequences, including an intensified space race with the United States, increased investment in science and education, and the establishment of NASA.

The launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, had profound implications on various fronts. Firstly, it sparked an intensified space race between the Soviets and the United States. The successful launch of the world's first artificial satellite by the Soviets demonstrated their technological prowess and raised concerns in the United States about potential military implications and the Soviet Union's technological superiority. This led to a sense of urgency and a renewed focus on space exploration and the development of space technologies in the United States.

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The statement "the mentoring relationship provides a supportive and trusting learning environment." is true because a mentor is a trusted and experienced advisor who provides guidance, support, and feedback to a less experienced individual, the mentee. Hence option (B) is correct answer.

This process is aimed at helping the mentee develop professional skills and gain career growth through a supportive and trusting learning environment. Mentoring relationships are not limited to business relationships, and they can take many different forms, including formal or informal, long-term or short-term, and peer or cross-generational.

Mentoring is also beneficial to both the mentee and the mentor, as the mentor can also develop skills such as leadership, communication, and coaching while providing guidance to the mentee. However, it is true that mentoring rarely occurs between a supervisor and a subordinate since it can lead to conflicts of interest and power imbalances that can hinder the learning process. Therefore option (B) is correct answer.

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The most likely step in an auditor's plan to audit noncurrent debt is option c. Verifying the existence of the holders of the debt by direct confirmation. When auditing noncurrent debt, the auditor needs to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the debt recorded in the financial statements.

Direct confirmation involves sending letters to the holders of the debt, such as financial institutions or bondholders, requesting confirmation of the debt's existence, terms, and balances. This step helps the auditor obtain independent verification of the debt from external sources, reducing the risk of misstatement or omission. Comparing carrying amounts, correlating interest expense, or inspecting accounts payable are not directly relevant to auditing noncurrent debt. When auditing noncurrent debt, the auditor needs to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the debt recorded in the financial statements.

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The Taliban emerged, at least in part, out of the Afghan-Soviet war .The Afghan-Soviet War was a conflict that began in 1979 and lasted until 1989, during which Soviet Union forces were pitted against the Afghan Mujahideen guerrilla insurgents.

The Afghan-Soviet War was part of the broader Cold War conflict. Afghanistan has been ravaged by war and invasion throughout history. One such invasion was the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The Taliban, an Islamic extremist group that originated in Afghanistan, emerged during the Afghan-Soviet War.

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