which term refers to the collection and analysis of extremely large data sets

In thermodynamics, a reversible process is a process that can be reversed, whereas an irreversible process cannot be reversed.

A reversible process is one in which the system and surroundings can be restored to their initial states by reversing the process, while an irreversible process is one in which the system and surroundings cannot be restored to their initial states by reversing the process.

A reversible process is one that occurs at a slow pace and has a minimum entropy increase, whereas an irreversible process occurs rapidly and has a greater entropy increase.

The temperature, pressure, and other properties are continuous at all times.The temperature, pressure, and other properties are not continuous throughout the process.

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The correct PowerShell cmdlet to edit the configuration of an NLB (Network Load Balancing) cluster is Set-NlbCluster.

The Set-NlbCluster cmdlet allows you to modify various settings and properties of an NLB cluster, such as port rules, cluster mode, cluster IP configuration, affinity settings, and more. It provides the ability to make changes to the cluster configuration without requiring a restart of the cluster. By using the Set-NlbCluster cmdlet, you can dynamically adjust the behavior of the NLB cluster based on your requirements, ensuring optimal load balancing and high availability for your network applications.

When configuring an NLB (Network Load Balancing) cluster, the Set-NlbCluster cmdlet in PowerShell is used to edit its configuration. This cmdlet allows administrators to modify various parameters and settings of the NLB cluster, such as load balancing behavior, affinity settings, port rules, and cluster mode. By using this cmdlet, you can make adjustments to the cluster's configuration to optimize its performance and meet the specific requirements of your network environment.

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The literal representing the long integer value twelve billion is "12,000,000,000".

In this representation, the commas are used to improve readability and make it easier to comprehend the magnitude of the number.

They are not required in programming languages to represent the value itself.

To understand the representation, let's break it down:

The number "12" represents the quantity of billions. One billion is equal to one thousand million, so "12 billion" means twelve sets of one thousand million.

Each set of one thousand million is represented by "1,000,000,000".

This is because a billion consists of nine zeros (1,000,000,000) when counting in the short scale system commonly used in the United States and other English-speaking countries.

By multiplying "12" by "1,000,000,000", we get the value "12,000,000,000", which represents twelve billion.

In programming languages, such as C++, Java, or Python, the commas are not allowed in numeric literals. Therefore, the literal representing twelve billion would be written as 12000000000 without the commas.

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D) Kerberos is NOT an encryption algorithm used by SSH.

While Kerberos is a network authentication protocol used for secure authentication, it is not specifically an encryption algorithm used by SSH (Secure Shell). The other options listed (SHA-2, DES, RSA) are encryption algorithms commonly used by SSH for secure communication and data protection.

The encryption algorithms used by SSH (Secure Shell) include SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2), DES (Data Encryption Standard), and RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman). However, Kerberos is not an encryption algorithm used by SSH. Kerberos is a network authentication protocol designed to provide secure authentication in distributed environments. It utilizes symmetric key cryptography and does not directly handle encryption of data transmission. In contrast, SSH employs encryption algorithms like SHA-2, DES, and RSA to secure data integrity, confidentiality, and authentication during remote login and file transfer sessions. Understanding the distinction between Kerberos and encryption algorithms used by SSH is crucial for establishing secure and reliable communication.

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Every XML document must be well-formed: true.

In XML (eXtensible Markup Language), every document must adhere to certain rules to be considered well-formed. These rules ensure that the document's structure is valid and can be correctly interpreted by XML parsers. The main characteristics of a well-formed XML document include:

1. Properly nested elements: XML elements must be correctly nested within each other. This means that opening and closing tags must match, and elements cannot overlap or be improperly nested.

2. Closing tags: All elements must have closing tags. Empty elements can be self-closed using a forward slash ("/") before the closing angle bracket (e.g., <element />), but the closing tag is still required.

3. Attribute values: Attribute values must be enclosed within quotation marks (either single or double quotes).

4. Reserved characters: Certain characters have special meanings in XML and cannot be used directly within element content. They must be replaced with their corresponding character entities (e.g., < with &lt; and & with &amp;).

5. Entity references: XML supports predefined and user-defined entity references. If entity references are used, they must be declared and properly referenced within the document.

6. Document structure: Every XML document should have a single root element that contains all other elements. This ensures a well-defined structure.

By adhering to these rules, an XML document becomes well-formed and can be processed by XML parsers without any errors or ambiguities. It ensures interoperability and consistency in exchanging data between different systems and platforms.

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The decimal value of the binary number 101 is 5

In binary representation, each digit can have a value of either 0 or 1. The rightmost digit represents the "ones" place, the next digit to the left represents the "twos" place, and the digit to the left of that represents the "fours" place.

To convert a binary number to decimal, you multiply each digit by its corresponding place value and then sum them up.

In the given binary number 101:

- The rightmost digit is 1, which represents the "ones" place. Its value is 1.

- The next digit to the left is 0, which represents the "twos" place. Its value is 0.

- The leftmost digit is 1, which represents the "fours" place. Its value is 4.

Now, we add up the values: 4 + 0 + 1 = 5.

Therefore, the binary number 101 is equal to the decimal value 5.

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The answer is true. When you copy a sheet in Excel sheet to create a new sheet, it typically carries over the page setup characteristics from the original sheet.

This includes settings such as margins, orientation (portrait or landscape), paper size, print area, headers and footers, and other page-related settings.

Copying a sheet within the same workbook or to a new workbook will generally preserve these page setup characteristics, making it easier to maintain consistent formatting and printing settings across multiple sheets. However, it's worth noting that specific Excel versions or settings can sometimes affect this behavior, so it's always a good practice to double-check the page setup of the copied sheet and make any necessary adjustments if needed.

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In statistics, a null hypothesis refers to the hypothesis which states that there is no real difference between two populations or a sample and a population. The null hypothesis is considered valid unless proven wrong by statistical testing. When performing a hypothesis test, a decision rule is created to compare the test statistic to the critical value for the chosen alpha level.

Suppose a conclusion is made on the basis of a statistical test, and it is wrong. In that case, it would be called a Type I error, which occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is, in fact, true. A Type I error is considered to be a false positive because it has resulted in a conclusion that the null hypothesis is false when, in fact, it is true. Thus, we have rejected a correct hypothesis. This is why Type I errors are also called errors of the first kind.
In a conclusion where an error has been made, it will be a Type I error if it was wrong, even though it was true. This is what makes it a false positive.

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The correct option for specifying the destination printer name when using the lp command is -p. The lp command is commonly used in Unix-like operating systems to submit print jobs from the command line. In summary, the -p option in the lp command is used to indicate the destination printer name and allows users to choose the specific printer to which their print job should be sent.

When using the lp command, the -p option is followed by the name of the printer to which the print job should be sent. This option allows users to choose the specific printer they want to use when multiple printers are available on the system.

For example, suppose you have two printers connected to your system: "Printer_A" and "Printer_B". To send a print job to "Printer_A" using the lp command, you would use the following syntax:

lp -p Printer_A file.txt

This command instructs the system to print the file "file.txt" on "Printer_A".

Using the -p option provides flexibility in directing print jobs to different printers based on specific requirements or preferences. It enables users to control which printer handles their print jobs, which can be particularly useful in environments with multiple printers or when printing to a network printer.

By allowing users to specify the destination printer with the -p option, the lp command offers a straightforward and efficient way to manage print jobs from the command line.

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4.0 digital supply chain integrates digital technologies, while risk adaptation involves managing risks associated with digitalization.

The 4.0 digital supply chain refers to the integration of digital technologies and data-driven systems into traditional supply chain processes. It leverages technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and automation to enhance efficiency, visibility, and responsiveness across the supply chain. By connecting devices, machines, and systems, organizations can gather real-time data, monitor operations, optimize inventory management, streamline logistics, and improve decision-making.

Risk adaptation, in the context of the digital supply chain, involves identifying and addressing potential risks and uncertainties that may arise from digitalization. As digital technologies become more prevalent, organizations must navigate risks associated with cybersecurity, data privacy, system vulnerabilities, and technology disruptions. Risk adaptation strategies include implementing robust security measures, conducting regular risk assessments, establishing contingency plans, and fostering a culture of risk awareness and resilience.

Overall, the 4.0 digital supply chain presents opportunities for enhanced agility and competitiveness, but it also requires organizations to effectively manage and adapt to the associated risks. By embracing digital transformation while implementing robust risk mitigation strategies, businesses can optimize their supply chain operations and navigate the complexities of the digital era.

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False. Computers, keyboards, disk drives, iPads, and flash drives are not examples of data.

They are physical devices or hardware components used for storing, processing, or accessing data. Data, on the other hand, refers to the information, facts, or statistics that are stored, processed, or transmitted by these devices. Data can exist in various forms, such as text, numbers, images, audio, or video, and it is the content or representation of information that is manipulated or utilized by computer systems and devices.

The distinction between hardware and data is important to understand in the context of computing. While computers, keyboards, disk drives, iPads, and flash drives are all examples of hardware components, they serve as the means to store, process, or transfer data. Data, on the other hand, refers to the actual information or content that is stored or manipulated by these devices. It can be in the form of files, documents, media, or any other meaningful representation of information

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in two-phase locking, the second phase is-

c. Shrinking phase

In the two-phase locking protocol, the second phase is known as the shrinking phase. It occurs after the growing phase, where locks are acquired on resources. During the shrinking phase, locks are released, allowing other transactions to access the resources. In this phase, a transaction releases the locks it has acquired in reverse order, ensuring that no new locks are acquired. The purpose of the shrinking phase is to gradually free up resources as transactions complete their operations and no longer require exclusive access. By releasing locks in a controlled manner, the two-phase locking protocol helps maintain data integrity and prevents conflicts among concurrent transactions. The shrinking phase ensures that transactions release locks only when they are done using the resources, allowing for efficient resource utilization and minimizing the potential for deadlocks.

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The statement is true. When encountering a security certificate error message stating that the certificate was issued for a different website's address, it means that the certificate presented by the website does not match the domain it is being accessed from.

The statement is true. When you receive a security certificate error message stating that the certificate presented by a website was issued for a different website's address, it means that the domain name listed in the certificate does not match the website you are trying to access. This can occur due to misconfiguration, phishing attempts, or other security issues. It is important to be cautious in such situations as it may indicate a potential security risk, such as a man-in-the-middle attack. To protect your data and privacy, it is recommended to avoid accessing the website or proceed with caution after thoroughly verifying the legitimacy of the certificate and the website.

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The following are characteristics of an effective presentation such as clear and logical structure, use of visuals, be engaging, and memorable,

A presentation is a process of presenting information and ideas to an audience. An effective presentation will have certain characteristics that will make it more compelling to the audience. One such characteristic is the structure of the presentation, the presentation should have a clear and logical structure that is easy for the audience to follow. Another characteristic is the use of visuals such as images, graphs, and charts, can help to convey information more effectively.

Thirdly, an effective presentation should be engaging, the presenter should use a variety of techniques, such as humor, storytelling, and personal anecdotes, to engage the audience and keep them interested. Finally, an effective presentation should be memorable, the presenter should use techniques such as repetition, summarizing key points, and providing examples to ensure that the audience remembers the information presented. In summary, an effective presentation is structured, uses visuals, is engaging, and is memorable.

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In a network topology, devices daisy-chained together in a single line is a linear bus topology. A bus topology is a network configuration in which all devices are attached to a central cable called a bus or backbone.

What is network topology?

Network topology is a way to organize the devices that are connected to a network. Network topology can be categorized into six basic categories. These six categories are:

Mesh topology

Star topology

Bus topology

Ring topology

Hybrid topology

Tree topology.

What is daisy-chained network topology?

A daisy-chained network topology is a type of topology in which devices are connected together in series. Each device in the network connects to two other devices. The first device connects to the second, the second device connects to the third, and so on until the last device in the chain is reached. This type of topology is also referred to as a linear topology or a bus topology.

What is a single line network topology?

A single line network topology is a type of topology in which all devices are connected to a single cable. This cable is used to transmit data between the devices. All devices in a single line network topology are connected in series. This means that data must pass through each device before it reaches its final destination.

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All of the options listed—rational ability and interpersonal skill—are examples of self-management skills.

Self-management skills refer to an individual's ability to effectively manage and regulate their own behavior, emotions, and actions. Rational ability, also known as cognitive or critical thinking skills, involves the capacity to think logically, analyze situations, make informed decisions, and solve problems effectively.

Interpersonal skills, on the other hand, pertain to one's ability to interact and communicate with others in a positive and constructive manner. These skills include active listening, empathy, conflict resolution, teamwork, and effective communication.

Both rational ability and interpersonal skills are crucial aspects of self-management, as they contribute to an individual's ability to navigate personal and professional situations, handle challenges, and achieve their goals while maintaining a balanced and harmonious relationship with themselves and others.

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Each class can be considered a blueprint for storing data about a set of similar things.

When we talk about classes in the context of programming or object-oriented design, we are referring to a fundamental concept used to organize and structure code. In object-oriented programming, classes are like blueprints or templates that define the properties and behaviors of objects. Each class represents a category or type of object, and it encapsulates the common attributes and functionalities shared by all instances of that type.

A class serves as a blueprint or template for creating objects and storing data about a set of similar things. It defines the common attributes and behaviors shared by all instances of that class while allowing each instance to hold its specific data. This concept is fundamental to object-oriented programming and enables efficient code organization and modular design.

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Among the following statements, the one that best describes projected rainfall change in eastern Australia is "There are marked differences between computer models about future rainfall change."

The projections for future climate change have many uncertainties and risks because it is difficult to predict how greenhouse gases and other factors will impact the earth. Thus, there are considerable variations between computer models about future rainfall change.

However, most of the computer models predict a drop in rainfall across Australia as a whole. According to the Climate Council, it is likely that future droughts in Australia will become more intense, long-lasting, and frequent because of the increased greenhouse gas emissions.

This would be harmful for the country's agricultural industry, which is heavily reliant on water and rainfall. Therefore, it is crucial to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the negative effects of climate change.

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False. ipv6 uses a 128-bit address, which is significantly smaller than ipv4.

IPv6 uses a 128-bit address, which is significantly larger than IPv4. IPv4 addresses are 32 bits in length, allowing for a total of approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses. In contrast, IPv6 addresses have a much larger address space, providing approximately 340 undecillion (3.4 x 10^38) unique addresses. This expansion in address space was necessary to accommodate the growing number of devices and the increasing demand for unique IP addresses in the modern Internet. IPv6 adoption is crucial for the continued growth and scalability of the Internet, as it allows for a virtually unlimited number of devices to be connected and addresses the limitations of IPv4 in terms of available addresses.

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Multi-layer switches can make routing decisions based on various types of data, including Layer 2 MAC addresses, Layer 3 IP addresses, and Layer 4 transport protocol information.

Multi-layer switches, also known as Layer 3 switches, combine the functionality of traditional Layer 2 switches and Layer 3 routers. They can make routing decisions by analyzing different data fields within network packets. This includes Layer 2 MAC addresses, which are unique identifiers assigned to network interface cards (NICs). Layer 3 switches can also examine Layer 3 IP addresses, which identify the source and destination hosts in a network. Furthermore, they can inspect Layer 4 transport protocol information, such as TCP or UDP port numbers, which enable them to differentiate between different types of network services or applications.

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The hierarchy of folders that leads to a stored file is known as the file path.

A file path specifies the location of a file on a computer system. The file path helps in identifying where a file is located so that it can be accessed easily. The file path includes the hierarchy of folders from the root directory down to the folder where the file is stored.

It includes the names of all the folders in the hierarchy, separated by a forward slash or a backward slash, depending on the operating system used.For example, in the file path "C:\Users\Documents\file.txt", the file "file.txt" is located in the "Documents" folder, which is in the "Users" folder, which is on the "C" drive.

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"a middleware is the software that acts as an intermediary between two systems". Middleware is the software that acts as an intermediary between two systems.

What is Middleware?

Middleware is a type of software that functions as an intermediary between two distinct applications, programs, or systems. It is software that connects software systems or applications by hiding the complexities of communication from the user.A middleware works as a mediator or a connector between two applications that might be unable to interact without it. The software that provides messaging services, database handling, and application services is known as middleware. It serves as a "middleware layer" between the applications and the underlying operating system and network infrastructure.

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To find the number of observations in a dataset, you can use the count function. The count function is a commonly used function in data science and data analysis.

An observation in a dataset is the data record of a single unit or entity in the dataset. For example, in a dataset of employee information, an observation could be a single employee's data record. Similarly, in a dataset of student grades, an observation could be a single student's data record.

To find the number of observations in a dataset, you can use the count function. The count function will return the number of non-null values in the dataset. If there are missing values in the dataset, the count function will exclude them from the count.

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To right align a paragraph, use the Ctrl+R shortcut keys.

The process of aligning text on both the left and right margins is known as right alignment. It's also known as justified text, which is a common formatting style utilized in documents such as newspapers, magazines, and academic papers. Right alignment is one of the four primary text alignments, which are left alignment, center alignment, right alignment, and justified alignment. Text is aligned along the right margin in a right-aligned paragraph. It is possible to change the alignment of a paragraph using the Microsoft Word word processor's paragraph formatting options. The easiest method to do this is to use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+R to right-align the paragraph.

To align text on both the left and right margins, justified alignment is employed. The left margin and the right margin are both straight when text is justified. This alignment appears neat and structured, and it is an excellent choice for professional documents that require a polished appearance. Justification is often used in newspapers, magazines, and academic papers.

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Signature dynamics  is an example of a bio-metric authentication. The correct answer is a).

Biometric authentication refers to the use of unique physical or behavioral characteristics of an individual for authentication purposes. It involves using biological traits that are difficult to forge or replicate. Signature dynamics, also known as dynamic signature verification, is an example of biometric authentication. It analyzes the dynamic aspects of a person's signature, such as speed, pressure, and pen strokes, to verify their identity.

By comparing the signature dynamics with previously recorded samples, the system can determine if the signature is genuine. This method provides an additional layer of security by utilizing the unique characteristics of an individual's signature. Therefore, the answer is a) Signature dynamics.

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a) The method for adding two or more vectors graphically is called the head-to-tail method. In this method, the tail of the first vector is placed at the origin of the coordinate system and its head is marked.

The tail of the second vector is placed at the head of the first vector and its head is marked. This process is repeated for all the vectors to be added. The sum of the vectors is then the vector that starts at the origin and ends at the head of the last vector.

b) The components of a vector are the parts of the vector that lie along the axes of the coordinate system. A vector in two dimensions has two components: the x-component and the y-component. The x-component is the part of the vector that lies along the x-axis, while the y-component is the part of the vector that lies along the y-axis.

These components can be found using the trigonometric ratios. The x-component of a vector of magnitude |v| and angle θ with the positive x-axis is |v| cos θ, while the y-component is |v| sin θ.

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The monitor feature that is expressed as a matrix of dots or pixels is called the screen resolution.

The monitor feature that is expressed as a matrix of dots or pixels is known as screen resolution. Screen resolution refers to the number of pixels that can be displayed on the monitor's screen, typically expressed as width x height (e.g., 1920x1080). A higher screen resolution indicates a greater number of pixels, resulting in sharper and more detailed images. Common screen resolutions include Full HD (1920x1080), Quad HD (2560x1440), and 4K Ultra HD (3840x2160). The screen resolution directly impacts the clarity and quality of visual content, including text, images, and videos, and it is an essential consideration when choosing a monitor or display device for specific tasks or preferences.

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When it comes to social video, You Tube is the largest and most popular service. You Tube is a widely recognized and highly popular online platform for sharing and watching videos. It has established itself as a dominant player in the field of social video, attracting billions of users worldwide.

You Tube allows individuals, organizations, and content creators to upload, share, and discover a wide range of videos on various topics, including entertainment, education, news, music, and more. Users can interact with videos through likes, comments, shares, and subscriptions, fostering a social environment where people can connect and engage with content and creators.

The platform's immense popularity can be attributed to several factors. You Tube offers a vast and diverse library of videos, catering to different interests and preferences. It provides a user-friendly interface, making it easy for both creators and viewers to navigate and interact with the platform. Additionally, You Tube's robust recommendation algorithms and search functionality help users discover relevant and engaging content.

Moreover, You Tube's influence extends beyond the platform itself, with videos often shared and embedded across various social media platforms, websites, and blogs. This widespread integration and accessibility contribute to its dominant position in the social video landscape.

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Text files that are called initialization files often utilize what two file name extensions?-

b. .ini

c. .inf

Text files that are referred to as initialization files commonly utilize two file name extensions: .ini and .inf.

1. .ini (Initialization File): This extension stands for "initialization" and is widely used for configuration files. These files contain settings and parameters that define the initial state or behavior of a program, application, or operating system. .ini files are typically plain text files that can be easily edited using a text editor. They store key-value pairs or sections with specific settings, allowing users or programs to modify the behavior of the associated software.

2. .inf (Information File): This extension stands for "information" and is commonly used for setup and installation files. .inf files contain instructions and configuration data required for installing drivers, applications, or system components. They provide information to the operating system or installer about how to properly install and configure the associated software or hardware. .inf files are text-based and follow a specific structure defined by the Windows INF file format.

Both .ini and .inf files play crucial roles in managing and customizing software or system settings, facilitating efficient configuration and installation processes.

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When the cell reference $A$7 is copied from cell B12 to cell C13, the correct answer is D. It wouldn't change. The dollar sign ($) in front of both the row and column reference makes the cell reference absolute.

In Excel or other spreadsheet programs, a cell reference consists of a column letter and a row number. By default, when a cell reference is copied or moved to another cell, the reference adjusts based on the relative position. However, by using the dollar sign ($) in front of the column letter and row number (e.g., $A$7), the reference becomes absolute.

In this case, the reference $A$7 is absolute, indicating that both the column (A) and the row (7) should remain fixed. Therefore, when the reference is copied from cell B12 to C13, it will not change, and it will still refer to cell A7.

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