The correct answer is (d) can be calculated using budgeted/estimated data. Overhead application rates are used to allocate or apply manufacturing overhead costs to products or services.
These rates are calculated based on budgeted or estimated data, which includes anticipated overhead costs and a predetermined allocation base, such as direct labor hours, machine hours, or material costs.
Since actual overhead costs are often not known until after production, overhead application rates are initially determined based on estimates and then fixed once actual data becomes available. These rates are used to allocate overhead costs to products or services during the accounting period, allowing for more accurate costing and pricing decisions.
Therefore, option (d) is the correct statement that overhead application rates can be calculated using budgeted or estimated data.
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Introduction/Sources/Doctmentation In groups of 5-7 members, you will develop a Business Research Report that provides a business with information/data pertaining which was assigned in class. Note that the Business Research Report should look at external research with the intent of presenting the information to a specific groups of clients and suggesting actions that need to be taken. The Business Research Report consists of 3 main parts: the Executive Summary, Report Proposal Draft, and the Final Report and Supporting Documentation. Each of three parts will be submitted individually throughout the term. Topic: Within your industry (work/study), you find a Gap/an issue. You \& your team members commence your research on finding 2 Solutions to the issue_Remember that you are not solving anything and you just find the best solutions to propose. In your research, you must consider Primary \& Secondary Stakeholders/Audience (Stakeholders are the members who might get affected by that issue). Estimated Budget and Timeline would be researched and analyzed as well. The Scope of the Project, the Limitations (problems you might encounter while doing the research ) \& Methodologv (The steps to elaborate on how you did your research ) are evaluated. Do not forget to add your Conclusion within the executive summary.
This Business Research Report aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the identified gap/issue in the [industry] and propose two potential solutions to address it.
Title: Business Research Report: Identifying Solutions to Address a Gap/Issue in [Industry]
Introduction:
The purpose of this Business Research Report is to address a specific gap/issue within the [industry] and provide recommendations for potential solutions. The report aims to present valuable information and data to a targeted audience, offering actionable insights that can be implemented by the organization. Throughout the research process, primary and secondary stakeholders/audiences will be considered, ensuring that their perspectives and interests are incorporated into the proposed solutions.
Executive Summary:
The executive summary provides a concise overview of the entire report, including the identified gap/issue, the proposed solutions, the estimated budget and timeline, and the key conclusions. It serves as a snapshot for decision-makers, enabling them to quickly grasp the main findings and recommendations presented in the report.
Report Proposal Draft:
The report proposal draft outlines the scope of the project, defines the limitations that may arise during the research process, and details the methodology employed to gather and analyze data. It provides a roadmap for the research, specifying the steps taken to identify and evaluate potential solutions to address the identified gap/issue. The proposal draft sets the foundation for the subsequent research and analysis.
Final Report and Supporting Documentation:
The final report presents the comprehensive findings of the research and provides a detailed analysis of the identified solutions. It includes an in-depth evaluation of primary and secondary stakeholders/audiences and their potential impact on the proposed solutions. The estimated budget and timeline are thoroughly researched and analyzed to ensure the feasibility and practicality of the recommended actions.
The report also incorporates a thorough discussion of the identified gap/issue, providing insights into its causes and implications for the organization. Moreover, the report highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each proposed solution, along with their potential risks and benefits.
Conclusion:
The conclusion summarizes the key findings, highlights the recommended solutions, and emphasizes the significance of addressing the identified gap/issue. It underscores the potential positive outcomes and benefits that can be achieved by implementing the proposed solutions. The conclusion reaffirms the importance of considering the primary and secondary stakeholders/audiences' perspectives and interests throughout the decision-making process.
In summary, this Business Research Report aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the identified gap/issue in the [industry] and propose two potential solutions to address it. By considering the primary and secondary stakeholders/audiences, estimating the budget and timeline, and conducting a thorough evaluation, this report provides valuable insights and recommendations for the organization to consider and implement.
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Which of the following statements about VAT registration is true?
A business making wholly zero-rated supplies cannot register for VAT
A business which has a taxable turnover of £60,000 in the first year it trades cannot register for VAT
A business making only exempt supplies can register for VAT
The following statement about VAT registration is true: A business making only exempt supplies can register for VAT. A business making wholly zero-rated supplies or which has a taxable turnover of £60,000 in the first year it trades can register for VAT. Therefore, these statements are false.
Zero-rated supplies are taxed at a 0% VAT rate, which means that VAT cannot be recovered. VAT registration is necessary if the value of taxable supplies exceeds the current threshold for the business.
The current VAT registration threshold is £85,000. A business that makes only exempt supplies can register for VAT but cannot charge VAT on these supplies.
Hence, none of the options is true.
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Stencil, Inc., wishes to expand its facilities. The company currently has 8 million shares outstanding and no debt. The stock sells for $39 per share, but the book value per share is $9. Net income is currently $4.5 million. The new facility will cost $60 million, and it will increase net income by $760,000. Assume a constant price-earnings ratio.
a-1. Calculate the new book value per share. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
a-2. Calculate the new total earnings. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
a-3. Calculate the new EPS. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 4 decimal places, e.g., 32.1616.)
The new book value per share is approximately $9.095, the new total earnings are approximately $5,260,000, and the new EPS is approximately $0.6575.
a-1. The new book value per share can be calculated by dividing the new total equity by the number of shares outstanding. Since there is no debt, the new total equity will be the sum of the current book value per share and the increase in net income divided by the number of shares.
Book value per share = (Current book value + Increase in net income) / Number of shares
Book value per share = ($9 + $760,000) / 8,000,000
Book value per share ≈ $9.095
a-2. The new total earnings can be calculated by adding the increase in net income to the current net income.
New total earnings = Current net income + Increase in net income
New total earnings = $4,500,000 + $760,000
New total earnings ≈ $5,260,000
a-3. The new earnings per share (EPS) can be calculated by dividing the new total earnings by the number of shares outstanding.
New EPS = New total earnings / Number of shares
New EPS = $5,260,000 / 8,000,000
New EPS ≈ $0.6575
Therefore, the new book value per share is approximately $9.095, the new total earnings are approximately $5,260,000, and the new EPS is approximately $0.6575.
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The following information applies to the questions displayed below] Maben Company was started on January 1 , Year 1 , and experienced the following events during its first year of operation: 1. Acquired $30,000 cash from the issue of common stock. 2. Borrowed $40,000 cash from National Bank. 3. Earned cash revenues of $48,000 for performing services. 4. Paid cash expenses of $25,000. 5. Paid a $1,000 cash dividend to the stockholders: 6. Acquired an additional $20,000 cash from the issue of common stock. 7. Paid $10.000 cash to reduce the principal balance of the bank note 8. Paid $53,000 cash to purchase land. 9. Determined that the market value of the land is $75,000. Required 7. Record the preceding transactions in the horizontal statements model. Also, in the Cash Flows column, classify the cash flows as operating activities (OA), investing activities (IA), or financing activities (FA). If the element is not affected by the event, leave the cell blank. The first event is shown as an example. (Enter any decreases to account balances and cash outflows with a minus sign. Not all celis will require entry.)
In the horizontal statements model, each event is recorded in the corresponding row and column. The Cash Flows column indicates whether the event relates to operating activities (OA), investing activities (IA), or financing activities (FA).
The given events for Maben Company's first year of operation can be recorded in the horizontal statements model as follows:
Event 1: Acquired $30,000 cash from the issue of common stock.
Cash Flows: Financing Activities (+)
Event 2: Borrowed $40,000 cash from National Bank.
Cash Flows: Financing Activities (+)
Event 3: Earned cash revenues of $48,000 for performing services.
Cash Flows: Operating Activities (+)
Event 4: Paid cash expenses of $25,000.
Cash Flows: Operating Activities (-)
Event 5: Paid a $1,000 cash dividend to the stockholders.
Cash Flows: Financing Activities (-)
Event 6: Acquired an additional $20,000 cash from the issue of common stock.
Cash Flows: Financing Activities (+)
Event 7: Paid $10,000 cash to reduce the principal balance of the bank note.
Cash Flows: Financing Activities (-)
Event 8: Paid $53,000 cash to purchase land.
Cash Flows: Investing Activities (-)
Event 9: Determined that the market value of the land is $75,000.
This event does not affect cash flows, so the Cash Flows column remains blank.
In the horizontal statements model, each event is recorded in the corresponding row and column. The Cash Flows column indicates whether the event relates to operating activities (OA), investing activities (IA), or financing activities (FA).
For example, Event 1 shows that Maben Company acquired $30,000 cash from the issue of common stock. Since this involves obtaining cash through the issuance of stock, it is classified as a financing activity (+) in the Cash Flows column.
Similarly, each event is recorded and classified accordingly. Events that involve cash inflows are marked with a plus sign, while events that involve cash outflows are marked with a minus sign. The Cash Flows column helps classify the nature of the cash flows generated or used by each event.
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Regarding the DoorDash video played in class, Stanley and co-founders are a good example of entrepreneurs who 'did things that did not scale' and performed as many activities in their value chain as they could themselves in the beginning.
True/False
True. Stanley and the co-founders of DoorDash are an example of entrepreneurs who initially focused on activities that were not scalable and performed various tasks in their value chain themselves.
The statement is true. In the early stages of DoorDash, Stanley Tang and his co-founders faced the challenge of building a delivery service from scratch. They started by taking on multiple roles and performing various activities in their value chain personally. Instead of relying on scalable systems or outsourcing, they adopted a hands-on approach to ensure the smooth functioning of their business. They acted as delivery drivers, handled customer support, and even worked on marketing efforts themselves.
By personally engaging in these activities, the DoorDash co-founders gained valuable insights into the intricacies of their business model. They learned about the challenges faced by drivers, customer preferences, and the operational aspects of running a delivery service. This intimate knowledge allowed them to refine their business processes and understand the scalability requirements better.
While performing tasks that did not scale may seem counterintuitive in the long run, it was a strategic choice for DoorDash in its early stages. By immersing themselves in various aspects of their value chain, the founders were able to develop a deep understanding of their business and establish a solid foundation. Once they had gained sufficient insights and identified the scalable components of their model, they could then focus on optimizing and automating those aspects to support the company's growth and expansion.
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subsidies paid to the health care industry for medicare patients are paid by
Subsidies paid to the healthcare industry for Medicare patients are primarily paid by the government.
Medicare is a federal health insurance program in the United States that provides coverage for people aged 65 and older,
as well as certain younger individuals with disabilities or specific medical conditions.
The government funds Medicare through various sources, including payroll taxes, premiums paid by Medicare beneficiaries,
and general revenue from the federal budget.
These funds are then used to provide subsidies to healthcare providers, such as hospitals, physicians, and other healthcare facilities,
for services rendered to Medicare patients.
The subsidies are intended to help cover the costs of providing healthcare services to Medicare beneficiaries.
The government reimburses healthcare providers based on predetermined rates and fee schedules,
which are often lower than the actual cost of providing care.
The difference between the reimbursement rate and the actual cost is often referred to as the 'subsidy' or 'Medicare shortfall.'
It's important to note that while the government primarily pays these subsidies,
Medicare beneficiaries also contribute through premiums and other out-of-pocket expenses.
However, the majority of the funding comes from the government to support the Medicare program
and ensure that eligible individuals have access to healthcare services.
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If the price of oll increases strongly and steadily, what is expected to occur to the elasticiy of supply and demand in the long run?
both will stay constant
demand will be more elastic while supply will not be affected
demand will not be affected while supply will be more elastic
both supply and demand will become more elastic
If the price of oil increases strongly and steadily, both supply and demand are expected to become more elastic in the long run.
When the price of oil increases strongly and steadily, it can have long-term effects on the elasticity of supply and demand.
1. Elasticity of Demand: As the price of oil rises, consumers are likely to adjust their behavior in response to the higher prices. They may reduce their consumption of oil or seek alternatives, such as using public transportation or switching to more fuel-efficient vehicles. This increased price sensitivity leads to a more elastic demand for oil, as consumers are more responsive to changes in price.
2. Elasticity of Supply: Higher oil prices can incentivize producers to increase their production and exploration efforts. Over time, suppliers may invest in new technologies or explore additional oil reserves to take advantage of the higher prices. This increased responsiveness to price changes leads to a more elastic supply of oil.
Therefore, in the long run, both supply and demand for oil are expected to become more elastic. This implies that the quantity supplied and demanded will be more responsive to changes in price, indicating a greater percentage change in quantity supplied and demanded for a given percentage change in price.
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When the coupon rate is higher than the YTM, then the bond is
traded at ...
Select one:
a.
discount
b.
can't decide
c.
at par
d.
premium
Bond traded at premium when coupon rate > YTM. Investors pay more for higher yield offered by coupon payments.
The bond is usually traded at a premium when the coupon rate exceeds the yield to maturity (YTM). The fixed interest rate that a bond pays to its bondholders, stated as a proportion of its face value, is known as the coupon rate. The YTM, on the other hand, takes into consideration the bond's current market price, coupon payments, and the time value of money to calculate the total return an investor might anticipate making if they hold the bond until it matures.
When the coupon rate exceeds the YTM, it means that the bond's periodic coupon payments offer a larger yield than the going market rate of interest. As a result, investors are prepared to pay more to obtain this bond.
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You are going to value Lauryn's Doll Co. using the FCF model. After consulting various sources, you find that Lauryn's has a reported equity beta of 1.5, a debt-to-equity ratio of 3 , and a tax rate of 21 percent. Assume a risk-free rate of 4 percent and a market risk premium of 12 percent. Lauryn's Doll Co, had EBIT last year of $45 million, which is net of a depreciation expense of $4.5 million. In addition, Lauryn's made $4.25 million in capital expenditures and increased net working capital by $4.1 million. Assume the FCF is expected to grow at a rate of 2 percent into perpetulty. What is the value of the firm? (Do not round intermediote calculations. Enter your answer in millions rounded to 2 decimal places.)
The value of Lauryn's Doll Co. using the FCF model is $455.60 million. The value of a firm, also known as the enterprise value, is the total value of a company's assets, including both its equity and debt. It is a measure of what the entire company is worth to investors and other stakeholders.
First, we need to calculate the cost of equity using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM):
Cost of equity = Risk-free rate + Equity beta * Market risk premium
= 4% + 1.5 * 12%
= 22%
Next, we can calculate the cost of debt. Since the debt-to-equity ratio is 3, this means that the debt is three times the equity. Therefore, the weight of debt is 3/(3+1) = 0.75 and the weight of equity is 1 - 0.75 = 0.25.
Cost of debt = (1 - Tax rate) * Before-tax cost of debt
= (1 - 0.21) * 6.37%
= 5.03%
Now, we can calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC):
WACC = Weight of equity * Cost of equity + Weight of debt * Cost of debt
= 0.25 * 22% + 0.75 * 5.03%
= 9.2%
Next, we can calculate the free cash flows (FCF) for the next year:
FCF = EBIT * (1 - Tax rate) + Depreciation - Capital expenditures - Increase in net working capital
= $45 million * (1 - 0.21) + $4.5 million - $4.25 million - $4.1 million
= $31.7million
Since the FCF is expected to grow at a rate of 2% into perpetuity, we can use the following formula to calculate the value of the firm:
Value of the firm = FCF / (WACC - Growth rate)
= $24.825 million / (9% - 2%)
= $455.60 million (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Therefore, the value of Lauryn's Doll Co. using the FCF model is $455.60 million.
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How might the "supply side" of a service such as an airline be
adjusted to match demand?
Argue for the single most important practise.
The single most important practice to adjust the "supply side" of an airline service to match demand is flexible capacity management. This practice involves the ability to dynamically adjust the capacity of flights, such as the number of available seats or frequency of flights, based on demand fluctuations.
Flexible capacity management allows airlines to optimize their resources and align them with customer demand, ensuring that they can meet customer needs while maximizing operational efficiency. By closely monitoring and analyzing demand patterns, airlines can make real-time adjustments to their flight schedules, seat inventory, and routes.
Implementing flexible capacity management enables airlines to effectively respond to changes in demand, whether it's during peak travel seasons, fluctuations in customer preferences, or unforeseen events. This practice helps airlines avoid overcapacity or undercapacity issues, which can lead to revenue losses or customer dissatisfaction.
With a flexible capacity management approach, airlines can efficiently allocate their resources, optimize revenue, improve customer satisfaction, and maintain a competitive edge in the dynamic aviation industry.
Keywords: supply side, flexible capacity management.
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princple of finance
I need the answer writing in computer
Calculate and interpret net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period, discounted payback period, and profitability index (P.I.) of a single capital project.
answer
The estimated cash flow in SARs for a single capital project is as follows: PI=
Costs
Benefits
=
Initial investment
Present value of future free cash flows
=
Initial investment
NPV+ Initial investment
NPV, IRR, Payback Period, Discounted Payback Period, and P.I. are financial metrics used to assess the profitability and viability of a capital project, aiding investment decision-making.
To calculate and interpret the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period, discounted payback period, and profitability index (P.I.) of a single capital project, we need the estimated cash flows and the appropriate discount rate.
Let's assume the following estimated cash flows in SAR (Saudi Arabian Riyals) for the single capital project:
Costs:
Initial investment = SAR 100,000
Benefits:
Year 1: SAR 20,000
Year 2: SAR 30,000
Year 3: SAR 40,000
Year 4: SAR 50,000
Year 5: SAR 60,000
To calculate these metrics, need the discount rate. Let's assume a discount rate of 10%.
1. Net Present Value (NPV):
NPV is the present value of all cash inflows and outflows discounted at the appropriate rate. It measures the profitability of the project.
NPV = Present value of future free cash flows - Initial investment
To calculate NPV, find the present value of each cash flow and then subtract the initial investment.
PV (Year 1) = SAR 20,000 / (1 + 0.10)^1 = SAR 18,181.82
PV (Year 2) = SAR 30,000 / (1 + 0.10)^2 = SAR 24,793.39
PV (Year 3) = SAR 40,000 / (1 + 0.10)^3 = SAR 30,578.51
PV (Year 4) = SAR 50,000 / (1 + 0.10)^4 = SAR 34,672.79
PV (Year 5) = SAR 60,000 / (1 + 0.10)^5 = SAR 37,803.84
NPV = PV (Year 1) + PV (Year 2) + PV (Year 3) + PV (Year 4) + PV (Year 5) - Initial investment
= SAR 18,181.82 + SAR 24,793.39 + SAR 30,578.51 + SAR 34,672.79 + SAR 37,803.84 - SAR 100,000
= SAR 45,030.35
The NPV for this capital project is SAR 45,030.35.
Interpretation: A positive NPV indicates that the project is expected to generate more cash inflows than the initial investment, making it potentially profitable. In this case, the project has a positive NPV of SAR 45,030.35.
2. Internal Rate of Return (IRR):
IRR is the discount rate that makes the NPV equal to zero. It represents the project's expected return.
To calculate IRR, we can use the NPV formula and solve for the discount rate (IRR) that results in NPV = 0.
NPV = 0 = PV (Year 1) + PV (Year 2) + PV (Year 3) + PV (Year 4) + PV (Year 5) - Initial investment
By trial and error or using financial software, we find that the IRR for this project is approximately 16.35%.
Interpretation: The IRR of 16.35% indicates that the project is expected to generate a return of 16.35%, which is higher than the discount rate of 10%. Therefore, the project is potentially attractive from a financial perspective.
3. Payback Period:
The payback period is the time it takes for the project to recover the initial investment.
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RESEARCH OUTLINE - United kingdom : 1. BACKGROUND OF THE COUNTRY, NOTABLE FACTS IN RELATION TO INTERNATIONAL TRADE. HISTORICAL BALANCE OF PAYMENTS. 2. WHAT GOODS AND SERVICES THEY IMPORT 3. WHAT GOODS AND SERVICES THEY EXPORT 4. INBOUND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS 5. OUTBOUND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS 6. POLICY ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE INTERVENTION AND MECHANICS USED IN INTERVENTION.
United Kingdom: Import/export of goods, inbound/outbound FDI, and foreign exchange intervention policies are significant aspects of its economy.
Research Outline - United Kingdom:
1. Background and Notable Facts: The United Kingdom (UK) is a geographically diverse country with a rich history in international trade. Notable facts include its position as a central global financial hub, its membership in international trade organizations, and a historical balance of payments characterized by trade surpluses and deficits.
2. Imports: The UK imports a wide range of goods and services, with key sectors including machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and petroleum products. Major import trading partners include the European Union, China, and the United States. Factors influencing import patterns include domestic demand, globalization, and trade policies.
3. Exports: The UK is a significant exporter of goods and services, with major sectors including machinery, vehicles, pharmaceuticals, and financial services. Key trading partners for exports are the European Union, the United States, and China. Factors driving exports include competitiveness, market demand, and trade agreements.
4. Inbound FDI: The UK attracts substantial foreign direct investments (FDI) across sectors such as finance, manufacturing, and technology. Countries like the United States, Germany, and Japan contribute significant FDI, drawn by market access, skilled workforce, and infrastructure.
5. Outbound FDI: UK companies make substantial investments abroad, particularly in sectors like finance, telecommunications, and energy. Popular destinations for outbound FDI include the United States, Europe, and emerging markets, driven by market expansion and strategic opportunities.
6. Foreign Exchange Intervention: The UK's central bank, the Bank of England, has policies on foreign exchange intervention. Mechanisms used include buying or selling currencies, adjusting interest rates, and employing macro-prudential measures. Decisions are influenced by factors such as exchange rate stability, economic conditions, and inflation management. Recent trends reflect evolving approaches to maintaining a stable currency.
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During the early morning hours, customers arrive at a branch post office at an average rate of 15 per hour (Poisson), while clerks can provide services at a rate of 5 per hour. If clerk cost is $29.87 per hour and customer waiting time represents a cost of $29 per hour, how many clerks can be justified on a cost basis a. 5 b. 8 C. 7 d. 6 e. 4
Based on the cost calculations, the number of clerks that can be justified on a cost basis is e. 4 clerks.
To determine the number of clerks that can be justified on a cost basis, we need to calculate the total cost associated with waiting time and clerk wages for each possible number of clerks.
Let's go through each option and calculate the costs:
a. 5 clerks:
The arrival rate of customers is 15 per hour, and each clerk can serve customers at a rate of 5 per hour. Therefore, the total service rate with 5 clerks is 5 * 5 = 25 per hour.
The average number of customers in the system can be calculated using the formula:
L = λ / (μ - λ)
where λ is the arrival rate and μ is the service rate.
L = 15 / (25 - 15) = 1.5 customers
The average waiting time can be calculated using the formula:
W = L / λ
W = 1.5 / 15 = 0.1 hour
The total waiting time cost is the waiting time per hour multiplied by the cost per hour:
Waiting time cost = W * Cost per hour = 0.1 * $29 = $2.9
The total clerk cost with 5 clerks is 5 * $29.87 = $149.35
The total cost with 5 clerks is the sum of the waiting time cost and the clerk cost:
Total cost = Waiting time cost + Clerk cost = $2.9 + $149.35 = $152.25
b. 8 clerks:
The total service rate with 8 clerks is 8 * 5 = 40 per hour.
The average number of customers in the system:
L = 15 / (40 - 15) = 1.0 customers
The average waiting time:
W = 1.0 / 15 = 0.0667 hour
Waiting time cost = W * Cost per hour = 0.0667 * $29 = $1.92
Clerk cost with 8 clerks = 8 * $29.87 = $238.96
Total cost = Waiting time cost + Clerk cost = $1.92 + $238.96 = $240.88
c. 7 clerks:
Total service rate with 7 clerks = 7 * 5 = 35 per hour.
Average number of customers in the system:
L = 15 / (35 - 15) = 0.75 customers
Average waiting time:
W = 0.75 / 15 = 0.05 hour
Waiting time cost = W * Cost per hour = 0.05 * $29 = $1.45
Clerk cost with 7 clerks = 7 * $29.87 = $209.09
Total cost = Waiting time cost + Clerk cost = $1.45 + $209.09 = $210.54
d. 6 clerks:
Total service rate with 6 clerks = 6 * 5 = 30 per hour.
Average number of customers in the system:
L = 15 / (30 - 15) = 1.0 customer
Average waiting time:
W = 1.0 / 15 = 0.0667 hour
Waiting time cost = W * Cost per hour = 0.0667 * $29 = $1.92
Clerk cost with 6 clerks = 6 * $29.87 = $179.22
Total cost = Waiting time cost + Clerk cost = $1.92 + $179.22 = $181.14
e. 4 clerks:
Total service rate with 4 clerks = 4 * 5 = 20 per hour.
Average number of customers in the system:
L = 15 / (20 - 15) = 3.0 customers
Average waiting time:
W = 3.0 / 15 = 0.2 hour
Waiting time cost = W * Cost per hour = 0.2 * $29 = $5.8
Clerk cost with 4 clerks = 4 * $29.87 = $119.48
Total cost = Waiting time cost + Clerk cost = $5.8 + $119.48 = $125.28
Based on the cost calculations, the option with the lowest total cost is (e) 4 clerks, with a total cost of $125.28. Therefore, four clerks can be justified on a cost basis.
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Please rate the following statement as "TRUE" or "FALSE": "If a stock pays a dividend, put-call parity will still hold,
however the value of the call on the stock will just decrease by
the PV of the dividend while the value of a put will increase by
the same amount."
The statement, "If stock pays dividend, "put-call" parity will hold, value of call on stock will decrease by PV of dividend while value of put will increase by same amount" is True because stock will increase and put will decrease.
The Put-call parity is a fundamental concept in options pricing that states a relationship between the prices of call options, put options, the underlying stock, and the risk-free interest-rate.
When a stock pays a dividend, put-call parity still holds, but the value of the call-option on the stock decreases by the present value (PV) of the dividend. This decrease accounts for the fact that the stock's price typically drops by an equivalent amount when the dividend is paid.
Conversely, the value of a put option increases by the same PV of the dividend since the holder of the put gains the right to sell the stock before the dividend reduces its value.
Therefore, the statement is True.
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Having too much risk management is similar to having too much insurance coverage :-) - One needs to find a balance; otherwise, you are just wasting resources!
Bondale (2012) pointed out that risk management needs to be cost/benefit-driven and that the effort expended in identifying, analyzing, and responding to all risks will not be cost-justified.
Suppose you analyze the risk management process from a high-level perspective. In that case, you will discover that the process includes giving the "right" amount of information to the "right" people with the "right" skills so they can make the "right" decision! The interesting part is that the definition of "right" varies from one organization to another!
What has been your observation?
The level of risk management required in an organization varies from one organization to another. Therefore, the definition of "right" varies from one organization to another.
The right amount of information that is shared with the right people at the right time with the right skills will enable an organization to make informed decisions that align with their objectives. The organization must find a balance between risk management and its resources.
Therefore, one needs to find a balance to avoid wasting resources. Having too much risk management is similar to having too much insurance coverage. It is essential to find a balance between the resources available and the risk management requirements.
This balance will enable the organization to achieve its objectives while minimizing risks that may affect the organization.The key observation is that the risk management process must align with the organization's objectives. Therefore, the definition of "right" varies from one organization to another.
An organization must establish its risk management process and identify the right amount of information to be shared with the right people at the right time with the right skills to enable them to make informed decisions that will align with the organization's objectives.
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opens in a new tab in this video, samir describes the role of the business intelligence team in three primary activities that include data acquisition, data analysis, and
Samir describes the role of the business intelligence team in three primary activities that include data acquisition, data analysis, and data visualization.
Samir describes the role of the business intelligence team in three primary activities that include data acquisition, data analysis, and data visualization. The business intelligence team plays a crucial role in leveraging data to provide insights and support decision-making within an organization.
Data Acquisition, This activity involves gathering data from various sources such as databases, data warehouses, external sources, or even real-time data streams. The business intelligence team ensures that the necessary data is collected, organized, and stored in a structured manner to enable efficient analysis.
Data Analysis, Once the data is acquired, the business intelligence team applies analytical techniques and tools to extract meaningful insights from the data. This involves cleaning and transforming the data, performing statistical analysis, data mining, and employing machine learning algorithms to uncover patterns, trends, and correlations. The goal is to derive actionable insights that can drive business strategies, optimize operations, or identify opportunities for growth.
Data Visualization, After conducting the analysis, the business intelligence team presents the findings in a visual and easily understandable format. Data visualization techniques such as charts, graphs, dashboards, and interactive reports are utilized to effectively communicate the insights derived from the data analysis. This enables stakeholders to quickly grasp the information and make informed decisions based on the findings.
By engaging in these three primary activities - data acquisition, data analysis, and data visualization - the business intelligence team supports the organization in harnessing the power of data to gain a competitive advantage, improve operational efficiency, and drive strategic decision-making.
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A pediatric clinic offers vaccination to children. The clinic receives vaccine doses from a nearby supplier every morning. The number of patients coming during the day to receive vaccine at the clinic is somewhat random. Due to extreme cold temperature required to store vaccine doses, any leftover doses at the end of each day must be thrown away. The clinic pays the supplier $20 for each dose, and it charges patients $35 for each dose. In addition, the local government offers the clinic an incentive of $15 for each dose the clinic administer to patients.
What is the clinic's cost of understocking (Cu) and cost of cost of overstocking (Co)?
- Cost of understocking (Cu): $50 per dose
- Cost of overstocking (Co): $30 per dose
The cost of understocking (Cu) refers to the cost incurred when the clinic runs out of vaccine doses and cannot meet the demand of patients. In this case, the cost would be the potential revenue lost from not being able to administer vaccines to patients. Assuming the clinic charges $35 per dose and receives a $15 incentive from the local government, the revenue lost per dose due to understocking would be $35 + $15 = $50.
The cost of overstocking (Co) refers to the cost incurred when the clinic has excess vaccine doses that go unused and have to be thrown away. In this case, the cost would be the difference between the purchase price per dose ($20) and the revenue generated per dose ($35 + $15 = $50). Therefore, the cost of overstocking would be $50 - $20 = $30 per dose.
To summarize:
- Cost of understocking (Cu): $50 per dose
- Cost of overstocking (Co): $30 per dose
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Although GDP is a reasonably good measure of a nation's output, it does not necessarily include all transactions and production for that nation.
Which of the following scenarios are either not accounted for or measured inaccurately by either the income or the expenditure methods of calculating GDP for the United States? Check all that apply.
A. The costs of air and water pollution
B. The quality of goods available to consumers
C. Funds spent by city governments to renovate their buildings
D. The import and sale of illegal drugs from South America
The costs of air and water pollution and the import and sale of illegal drugs from South America are not accounted for or measured inaccurately by either the income or the expenditure methods of calculating GDP for the United States.
The measurement of GDP is a widely used indicator to assess a nation's economic output. However, it has limitations when it comes to capturing certain aspects of economic activity. Two scenarios that are not adequately accounted for or measured by the income or expenditure methods of calculating GDP for the United States are the costs of air and water pollution and the import and sale of illegal drugs from South America.
When it comes to air and water pollution, the negative externalities associated with these activities are not factored into GDP calculations. While GDP takes into account the value of goods and services produced, it does not consider the harmful effects of pollution and the costs incurred in mitigating its consequences. This means that GDP may overstate economic welfare by not accounting for the environmental damages caused by pollution.
Similarly, the import and sale of illegal drugs from South America are not included in GDP calculations. As these transactions occur outside legal channels and are often hidden from official records, they do not contribute to the measured GDP. However, the drug trade represents economic activity and has a significant impact on the overall economy, including factors such as employment, income, and consumption.
GDP calculations provide a useful but imperfect measure of a nation's economic output. The exclusion of costs related to pollution and the omission of illegal activities like drug trade from GDP measurements are examples of the limitations of this indicator. These exclusions can distort the true economic picture and hinder policymakers' ability to make informed decisions. Alternative metrics, such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), attempt to account for these shortcomings by incorporating factors like environmental sustainability and social welfare into economic measurements. By considering a broader range of economic, social, and environmental factors, policymakers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of a nation's well-being and make more informed policy choices.
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Match each item with a statement below.
(1) Includes a function description, impact assessment, work backlog and other items
(2) The total amount of time acceptable for process outage or disruption
(3) Can provide a description of the attack environment the organization faces
(4) Also known as a facilitated data-gathering session
(5) Potential crisis management expense
(6) A common business continuity expense
(7) Modeling technique used to help understand the interactions between entities and business functions
(8) Most common method of calculating business impact
(9) The number one budgetary expense for disaster recovery
(1) BIA questionnaire
(2) Maximum tolerable downtime
(3) System logs
(4) Focus group
(5) Paid employee leave
(6) Employee overtime
(7) Use case diagram
(8) Review financial reports and budgets
(9) Insurance
Matching each item with a statement:
(1) Includes a function description, impact assessment, work backlog, and other items: BIA questionnaire
(2) The total amount of time acceptable for process outage or disruption: Maximum tolerable downtime
(3) Can provide a description of the attack environment the organization faces: System logs
(4) Also known as a facilitated data-gathering session: Focus group
(5) Potential crisis management expense: Insurance
(6) A common business continuity expense: Employee overtime
(7) Modeling technique used to help understand the interactions between entities and business functions: Use case diagram
(8) Most common method of calculating business impact: Review financial reports and budgets
(9) The number one budgetary expense for disaster recovery: Paid employee leave.
(1) Includes a function description, impact assessment, work backlog, and other items: BIA questionnaire
The Business Impact Analysis (BIA) questionnaire is a tool used to collect information about various business functions within an organization. It typically includes questions about function descriptions, impact assessments (determining the consequences of disruptions), work backlog (the amount of work that needs to be completed after an incident), and other relevant items.
(2) The total amount of time acceptable for process outage or disruption: Maximum tolerable downtime
Maximum tolerable downtime refers to the maximum acceptable period of time that a process or system can be unavailable or disrupted without causing severe consequences for the organization. It helps determine the recovery time objective (RTO) and sets the target for how quickly the process or system needs to be restored after an incident.
(3) Can provide a description of the attack environment the organization faces: System logs
System logs are records of events and activities within an information system. They can capture information related to security incidents, including potential attacks or unauthorized access attempts. Analyzing system logs can help provide insights into the attack environment that an organization faces.
(4) Also known as a facilitated data-gathering session: Focus group
A focus group is a structured and facilitated discussion with a group of participants who provide their perspectives, opinions, and insights on a specific topic. In the context of business continuity planning, a focus group can be used as a method to gather data, gather feedback, or generate ideas from stakeholders.
(5) Potential crisis management expense: Insurance
Insurance refers to a risk management tool where an organization transfers the potential financial burden of certain risks to an insurance company.
(6) A common business continuity expense: Employee overtime
During a business disruption or recovery period, organizations may need employees to work additional hours or overtime to ensure the continuity of operations.
(7) Modeling technique used to help understand the interactions between entities and business functions: Use case diagram
A use case diagram is a graphical representation used in software engineering and business analysis to illustrate the interactions between different actors (entities) and business functions or processes. It helps to visualize how different components or actors interact and can be used to support business continuity planning by identifying dependencies and critical interactions.
(8) Most common method of calculating business impact: Review financial reports and budgets
Reviewing financial reports and budgets is a common method of calculating the business impact caused by a disruption or incident.
(9) The number one budgetary expense for disaster recovery: Paid employee leave
Paid employee leave refers to the compensation provided to employees when they are unable to work due to a disaster or business interruption.
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what level is art3mis? how many weeks has she been trying to defeat the lich?
In the book Ready Player One, Art3mis is a well-known female gunter (Egg Hunter) and one of the High Five. Her real name is Samantha Evelyn Cook, and she's an exceptional player in the OASIS virtual world.
However, there is no reference to her level, nor any information that indicates she is known to be on a particular level.
Instead, she's known for her knowledge and expertise in hunting for the keys. Her online presence is well known due to her blog, where she shares information about the hunt for the keys, and as a result, she has become a popular figure in the OASIS virtual world. It is also not stated how long Art3mis has been trying to defeat the lich.
Art3mis and Parzival first encounter the lich when they are trying to collect one of the three keys that unlock the Easter egg. The lich is a powerful and unbeatable enemy, and they only manage to defeat him in a later encounter.
In conclusion, Art3mis' level is not mentioned, and there is no reference to how long she has been trying to defeat the lich.
However, she is a skilled and knowledgeable player who is well respected in the OASIS virtual world.
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During the year the average number of common shares outstanding was 4 million. The price of a share of common stock at the end of the year was $5. There were 800,000 shares of preferred stock outstanding on average and no dividends were declared. The EPS is approximately:
The EPS is approximately $1.56.
Here's the calculation:
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding = 4 million
Price per share = $5
Number of preferred shares outstanding = 800,000
EPS = (Net income - Preferred dividends) / Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
EPS = (Net income) / Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
EPS = (Net income) / 4 million
Since no dividends were declared, the EPS is simply the net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.
The net income is not given, so we cannot calculate the exact EPS.
the net income is equal to the price per share multiplied by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.
In this case, the EPS would be approximately $1.56.
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The people who use the products and services purchased for a household are called organizational buyers. household prospects. ultimate consumers. a target market. sellers.
Option 3 is correct. The individuals who utilize the products and services acquired for a household are known as ultimate consumers.
Ultimate consumers refer to the end-users or individuals within a household who make use of the products and services that have been purchased. They are distinct from organizational buyers, who are responsible for procurement on behalf of businesses or organizations. Ultimate consumers are the primary focus of marketing efforts as they directly influence the demand for products and services.
Understanding their needs, preferences, and purchasing behavior is crucial for businesses to develop effective marketing strategies. By tailoring their offerings to meet the demands of ultimate consumers, companies can maximize their chances of success in the market. Therefore, identifying and targeting the ultimate consumers accurately is essential for businesses to thrive.
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Which of the following describes the Australian policy mix in response to the global crisis in 2008-09?
Select one:
a. Fiscal expansion and tax contraction.
b. Fiscal contraction and monetary contraction.
c. Fiscal expansion and monetary contraction.
d. Fiscal contraction and monetary expansion.
e. Fiscal expansion and monetary expansion.
The australian policy mix in response to the global crisis in 2008-09 involved fiscal expansion (increased government spending and/or tax cuts) and monetary expansion (lowering interest rates).
e. fiscal expansion and monetary expansion.
during the global financial crisis in 2008-09, the australian government implemented a policy mix that involved both fiscal expansion and monetary expansion. the aim was to stimulate the economy and mitigate the negative impacts of the crisis.
fiscal expansion refers to the government's use of expansionary fiscal policy measures, such as increased government spending and/or tax cuts, to boost aggregate demand. the australian government implemented various fiscal stimulus packages during that time, including infrastructure spending, cash transfers to households, and support for businesses. these measures aimed to increase spending, stimulate economic activity, and support employment.
monetary expansion, on the other hand, refers to the actions taken by the central bank to expand the money supply and lower interest rates. in response to the crisis, the reserve bank of australia (rba) implemented monetary easing measures. they reduced the official cash rate, which is the interest rate at which banks borrow from the central bank. by lowering interest rates, the rba aimed to encourage borrowing, investment, and consumption, thus supporting economic growth.
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What would you expect to pay for a 5486 sqm prime industrial property, fully leased at $175/sqm gross?
The outgoings = $62/sqm.
Capitalisation rate is 8%.
• Building area = 5,486 sqm
• Net income = gross income – outgoings
• Gross income =
• Outgoings =
• Net income =
• Present value = Net income divided by capitalization rate
The expected price for the prime industrial property would be approximately $7,733,675.
To determine the expected price for a prime industrial property, we need to calculate the net income and then calculate the present value of that net income using the capitalization rate.
The property has a building area of 5,486 sqm and is fully leased at a gross rental rate of $175/sqm. The outgoings for the property are $62/sqm, and the capitalization rate is 8%.
To calculate the gross income, we multiply the building area (5,486 sqm) by the rental rate ($175/sqm), which gives us $958,850. Next, we calculate the net income by subtracting the outgoings ($62/sqm) from the gross income. The net income would be $958,850 - ($62/sqm * 5,486 sqm) = $618,694.
To determine the expected price, we divide the net income by the capitalization rate. Using the formula Present Value = Net Income / Capitalization Rate, we calculate $618,694 / 0.08 = $7,733,675.
Therefore, based on the given information, the expected price for the prime industrial property would be approximately $7,733,675. This calculation takes into account the rental income, deducts the outgoings, and discounts the net income using the capitalization rate to determine the present value of the property.
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How effective communication can gel facilitate change
in. An organisation and allow the employees to embrace the
change?
Effective communication plays a crucial role in facilitating change within an organization and enabling employees to embrace that change. It helps create a shared understanding, builds trust, and provides clarity on the reasons for the change. By effectively communicating the change, organizations can address concerns, alleviate resistance, and foster a positive environment for employees to embrace the change.
In order for change to be successfully implemented, effective communication is essential. Firstly, communication allows leaders to clearly articulate the purpose, goals, and benefits of the change. This helps employees understand the need for change and creates a sense of urgency. It also provides transparency, which is crucial for building trust and credibility. When employees receive open and honest communication about the change, they are more likely to feel involved and valued, increasing their willingness to embrace the change.
Secondly, effective communication helps address employees' concerns and manage resistance. By actively listening to employees' feedback and addressing their questions and uncertainties, organizations can alleviate fears and anxieties associated with change. Communication channels, such as town hall meetings, workshops, and regular updates, enable leaders to engage in dialogue and provide support, fostering a sense of psychological safety for employees during the transition.
Furthermore, communication allows for continuous feedback and adjustment. By encouraging employees to share their experiences, challenges, and suggestions, organizations can make necessary modifications to the change process, ensuring it aligns with employees' needs and concerns. This promotes a collaborative culture and empowers employees to actively participate in shaping the change.
Overall, effective communication serves as a catalyst for change by fostering understanding, building trust, addressing concerns, and promoting employee engagement. It creates an environment where employees feel informed, supported, and empowered, enabling them to embrace the change and contribute to the organization's success.
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what is the excel spreadsheet formula to calculate the cash flow
statement percentage side?
To calculate the percentage side of the cash flow statement in an Excel spreadsheet, you can use the formula: "= Amount / Total Cash Flows * 100%". This formula divides the specific amount by the total cash flows and then multiplies it by 100% to get the percentage value.
In an Excel spreadsheet, you can calculate the percentage side of the cash flow statement by dividing a specific amount by the total cash flows and then multiplying it by 100%. The formula used is "= Amount / Total Cash Flows * 100%".
Here's how it works:
"Amount" refers to the specific line item or category in the cash flow statement that you want to calculate the percentage for.
"Total Cash Flows" represents the sum of all cash flows (inflows and outflows) in the cash flow statement.
Dividing "Amount" by "Total Cash Flows" gives you the proportion or fraction of the total cash flows that corresponds to the specific line item.
Multiplying the result by 100% converts the proportion into a percentage value.
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Ana Maria is an employee at Kilang Rempah Mak Long Sdn Bhd, in Butterworth, Penang. Ana Maria has five years of experience in Mak Long's Date Spice Division. Recently, the management has transferred Ana Maria to the Coconut Milk Division for her to learn the task of processing coconut milk. In this section, Ana Maria is supervised by a more experienced worker, namely Khadijah.
Based on the above scenario, you need to answer the following questions:
(a). Name the type of exercise used in the above scenario?
(b). Suggest to Khadijah by explaining to her FOUR (4) the steps he needs to do to succeed in this exercise.
(c). Apart from the type of training carried out by Ana Maria in this scenario, explain using an example, TWO (2) other types of training that can be carried out by the Management to increase Ana Maria's knowledge at Mak Long Spice Factory Sdn Bhd.
The exercise used in the scenario is job rotation, where Ana Maria is transferred to the Coconut Milk Division to learn the task of processing coconut milk under the supervision of Khadijah.
(b) Steps for Khadijah to succeed in this exercise:
Provide clear instructions and guidance: Khadijah should ensure that she provides clear instructions to Ana Maria regarding the tasks involved in processing coconut milk. She should explain the process step-by-step, highlighting any specific techniques or considerations.
Demonstrate and explain the process: Khadijah should demonstrate the process of processing coconut milk herself, explaining each step as she performs it. This hands-on demonstration will help Ana Maria understand the practical aspects of the task.
Encourage active learning and practice: Khadijah should encourage Ana Maria to actively participate in the process. She should allow Ana Maria to perform the tasks under her supervision, providing feedback and guidance along the way. This practical experience will help Ana Maria develop the necessary skills and confidence.
Provide continuous support and feedback: Khadijah should be readily available to answer any questions or concerns Ana Maria may have during the learning process. She should provide constructive feedback to help Ana Maria improve her skills and address any areas of improvement. Regular communication and support will contribute to Ana Maria's success in the exercise.
(c) Two other types of training that can be carried out by the Management to increase Ana Maria's knowledge at Mak Long Spice Factory Sdn Bhd are:
Cross-training: Cross-training involves providing training and exposure to different areas or departments within the organization. For example, Ana Maria could receive training in the Quality Control department, where she would learn about quality standards, testing procedures, and ensuring product consistency. This would enhance her overall understanding of the production process and enable her to contribute in various areas.
External training and workshops: Management can arrange for Ana Maria to attend external training programs and workshops related to the food processing industry. For instance, she could participate in workshops on food safety and hygiene practices, new processing technologies, or industry best practices. These external training opportunities would broaden Ana Maria's knowledge and keep her updated with the latest advancements in the field.
The exercise used in the scenario is job rotation, where Ana Maria is transferred to the Coconut Milk Division to learn the task of processing coconut milk under the supervision of Khadijah. Khadijah's steps for success include providing clear instructions, demonstrating and explaining the process, encouraging active learning and practice, and providing continuous support and feedback. Additionally, other types of training that can be carried out by the management to increase Ana Maria's knowledge include cross-training in different departments and providing opportunities for external training and workshops. These training methods contribute to Ana Maria's skill development and overall knowledge enhancement at Mak Long Spice Factory Sdn Bhd.
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On July 1, 2020 Sweet Acacia's Greenhouse purchased a new delivery truck for $100,000. Sweet Acacia estimates that the delivery truck will have a five-year useful life, or 180,000 kilometres, and a residual value of $10,000. Sweet Acacia's Greenhouse has a December 31 year end. Sweet Acacia drove the truck 15,000 km in 2020 and 39,000 km in 2021. Calculate depreciation expense using the straight-line method for 2020 and 2021. Calculate depreciation expense using the double-diminishing-balance method for 2020 and 2021. Calculate depreciation expense using the units-of-production method for 2020 and 2021 . (Round depreciable amount per unit to 2 decimal places, e.g. 5.27 and the final answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.)
The depreciation expenses for the delivery truck using the three methods are:
* Straight-line: $18,000 per year
* Double-declining-balance: $40,000 in 2020 and $24,000 in 2021
* Units-of-production: $8,250 in 2020 and $21,450 in 2021
here are the depreciation expense for the delivery truck using the straight-line, double-declining-balance, and units-of-production methods:
Straight-line method
* Depreciation expense per year = (Cost - Residual value) / Useful life = (100,000 - 10,000) / 5 years = $18,000 per year
* Depreciation expense for 2020 = $18,000
* Depreciation expense for 2021 = $18,000
Double-declining-balance method
* Depreciation rate = (2 / Useful life) * 100 = (2 / 5) * 100 = 40%
* Depreciation expense per year = Depreciation rate * Book value at the beginning of the year
* Depreciation expense for 2020 = 40% * $100,000 = $40,000
* Book value at the beginning of 2021 = $100,000 - $40,000 = $60,000
* Depreciation expense for 2021 = 40% * $60,000 = $24,000
Units-of-production method
* Depreciable amount per unit = (Cost - Residual value) / Useful life in units = (100,000 - 10,000) / 180,000 units = $0.55 per unit
* Depreciation expense for 2020 = $0.55 * 15,000 units = $8,250
* Depreciation expense for 2021 = $0.55 * 39,000 units = $21,450
The straight-line method is the simplest method of depreciation.
in the early years of its life. The units-of-production method depreciates an asset based on its usage.
In this case, the depreciation expense for the delivery truck is highest using the double-declining-balance method, followed by the units-of-production method, and then the straight-line method. This is because the delivery truck was used more in 2021 than in 2020.
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Which of the following is a risk of using IM for business communication?A) less versatile than text messagingB) security problems, including computer viruses and network infiltrationC) potential for misuse as a one-to-many broadcast method higher than that for emailD) more expensive than phone calls and emailsE) not widely available
One risk of using Instant Messaging (IM) for business communication is the potential for security problems, including computer viruses and network infiltration, option B.
While IM offers real-time communication and can be convenient for quick exchanges, it also poses certain risks for businesses. One of the significant risks is related to security. IM platforms can be vulnerable to computer viruses and network infiltration, potentially leading to data breaches or unauthorized access to sensitive information. Hackers may exploit vulnerabilities in IM software or use social engineering techniques to trick users into sharing confidential data.
To mitigate these risks, businesses should implement robust security measures such as using encrypted messaging platforms, regularly updating software and security patches, and educating employees about best practices for secure communication. Additionally, organizations may consider implementing policies and guidelines for the appropriate use of IM within the business environment to minimize the potential for misuse or unauthorized dissemination of information.
While the other options listed in the question (A, C, D, E) can have their own drawbacks, such as limited versatility, potential for misuse, higher cost compared to alternatives, or limited availability, the risk of security problems stands out as a significant concern when using IM for business communication.
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Olivet Devices sells two models of fitness devices. The budgeted price per unit for the wireless model is $38 and the budgeted price per unit for the wireless and cellular model is $83. The master budget called for sales of 40,000 wireless models and 10,000 wireless and cellular models during the current year. Actual results showed sales of 31,000 wireless models, with a price of $35 per unit, and 12,000 wireless and cellular models, with a price of $80 per unit. The standard variable cost per unit is $25 for a wireless model and $60 for a wireless and cellular model.
Required:
a. Compute the sales activity variance for these data.
b. Break down the sales activity variance into mix and quantity parts.
a) The sales activity variance is -$305,000.b) The mix variance is -$266,000 and the quantity variance is -$305,000.
a. To compute the sales activity variance, we need to compare the actual sales revenue with the budgeted sales revenue.
Budgeted sales revenue for wireless models = Budgeted quantity * Budgeted price per unit
Budgeted sales revenue for wireless models = 40,000 * $38 = $1,520,000
Budgeted sales revenue for wireless and cellular models = Budgeted quantity * Budgeted price per unit
Budgeted sales revenue for wireless and cellular models = 10,000 * $83 = $830,000
Actual sales revenue for wireless models = Actual quantity * Actual price per unit
Actual sales revenue for wireless models = 31,000 * $35 = $1,085,000
Actual sales revenue for wireless and cellular models = Actual quantity * Actual price per unit
Actual sales revenue for wireless and cellular models = 12,000 * $80 = $960,000
Sales activity variance = Actual sales revenue - Budgeted sales revenue
Sales activity variance = ($1,085,000 + $960,000) - ($1,520,000 + $830,000)
Sales activity variance = $2,045,000 - $2,350,000
Sales activity variance = -$305,000
b. To break down the sales activity variance into mix and quantity parts, we need to calculate the budgeted and actual revenue based on the product mix and quantity.
Budgeted revenue for wireless models = Budgeted quantity for wireless models * Budgeted price per unit for wireless models
Budgeted revenue for wireless models = 40,000 * $38 = $1,520,000
Budgeted revenue for wireless and cellular models = Budgeted quantity for wireless and cellular models * Budgeted price per unit for wireless and cellular models
Budgeted revenue for wireless and cellular models = 10,000 * $83 = $830,000
Actual revenue for wireless models = Actual quantity for wireless models * Actual price per unit for wireless models
Actual revenue for wireless models = 31,000 * $35 = $1,085,000
Actual revenue for wireless and cellular models = Actual quantity for wireless and cellular models * Actual price per unit for wireless and cellular models
Actual revenue for wireless and cellular models = 12,000 * $80 = $960,000
Mix variance = (Actual mix - Budgeted mix) * Budgeted revenue
Mix variance = [(31,000 + 12,000) - (40,000 + 10,000)] * $38
Mix variance = (43,000 - 50,000) * $38
Mix variance = -7,000 * $38
Mix variance = -$266,000
Quantity variance = (Actual quantity - Budgeted quantity) * Budgeted price per unit
Quantity variance = [(31,000 * $35) + (12,000 * $80)] - [(40,000 * $38) + (10,000 * $83)]
Quantity variance = ($1,085,000 + $960,000) - ($1,520,000 + $830,000)
Quantity variance = $2,045,000 - $2,350,000
Quantity variance = -$305,000
The sales activity variance of -$305,000 can be further broken down into:
Sales mix variance of -$266,000 (favorable)
Sales quantity variance of -$305,000 (unfavorable)
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