In conclusion, education is a product or service that generates external benefits. Education contributes to both private and public benefits, including the development of a skilled workforce, better health, decreased crime rates, and increased innovation. Thus, education is vital in the development of the economy and society as a whole.
External benefits refer to the advantages that a society or an economy receives from the use of a product or service. Such benefits are generally not accounted for in the pricing of goods and services. An excellent example of a product or service that generates external benefits is education. In this regard, education generates both private and public benefits as individuals who receive an education benefit directly from the service while society benefits from a better-educated population.Education benefits are essential to the economy as a whole. An individual who is educated has a better chance of finding a job and earning a good salary. Additionally, education makes an individual's life better, making them healthier and happier. The external benefits generated by education can include a decrease in crime rate, better health, improved decision-making, and increased innovation.Education can also increase productivity by enabling an individual to learn new skills, resulting in the development of new technologies and an increase in the production of goods and services. Furthermore, education helps in the creation of a skilled workforce, which is vital in the development of the economy. Education can also help to increase human capital as it is linked to an increase in the quality of life and an improvement in health status.In conclusion, education is a product or service that generates external benefits. Education contributes to both private and public benefits, including the development of a skilled workforce, better health, decreased crime rates, and increased innovation. Thus, education is vital in the development of the economy and society as a whole.
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Interperiod Measurement of Productivity Profiles
Helena Company needs to increase its profits and so has embarked on a program to increase its overall productivity, After one year of operation, Kent Olson, manager of the Columbus plant, reported the following results for the base period and its most recent
year of operations:
20x1 20x2
Output 184,300 216,600
Power (quantity used) 18,430 10,800
Materials (quantity used) 16,075 18,600
Required:
1. Compute the productivity profiles for each year. If required, round your answers to two decimal places.
20x1 20x2
Power ________ ______
Materials______ ¬__________
Za. Did productivity improve?
____
2b. Explain why or why not.
_______
The productivity profiles show an improvement in power productivity (from 10.00 to 20.06), indicating better efficiency. Materials productivity remained relatively stable (11.46 to 11.65). Overall, productivity improved, leading to potential profitability gains.
1. Compute the productivity profiles for each year:
20x1: Power = Output/Power = 184,300/18,430 = 10.00
Materials = Output/Materials = 184,300/16,075 = 11.46
20x2: Power = Output/Power = 216,600/10,800 = 20.06
Materials = Output/Materials = 216,600/18,600 = 11.65
2a. Did productivity improve?
Yes, productivity improved in terms of power usage but remained relatively stable in terms of materials used.
2b. The productivity improvement can be seen in the increased output per unit of power consumed (10.00 to 20.06), indicating better efficiency in power utilization. However, the productivity of the material remained relatively stable (11.46 to 11.65), suggesting a consistent usage pattern. Overall, the improvement in power productivity indicates progress towards increasing overall productivity and potentially higher profits.
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Suppose you buy 45 April 100 put option contracts. What is your maximum gain? On the expiration date. Hendreeks is selling for $85.80 per share. How much is your options investment worth? What is your net gain? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
Previous question
The maximum gain is $450,000.
The options investment is worth $0.
The net gain is -$450,000.
To calculate the maximum gain, options investment worth, and net gain, we need the given information.
Number of put option contracts = 45
Strike price of the put option = $100
Current stock price (Hendreeks) = $85.80
Maximum Gain:
The maximum gain from buying put options occurs when the stock price goes to zero. Since you have 45 put option contracts, each representing 100 shares, the maximum gain would be:
Maximum Gain = (Strike price - Stock price) * Number of contracts * Number of shares per contract
Maximum Gain = ($100 - $0) * 45 * 100
= $450,000
Options Investment Worth:
The options investment is worth $0 if the stock price is below the strike price on the expiration date. In this case, the stock price is $85.80, which is below the strike price of $100. Therefore, the options investment is worthless.
Net Gain:
The net gain is the difference between the maximum gain and the options investment worth. Since the options investment is worth $0, the net gain would be:
Net Gain = Maximum Gain - Options Investment Worth
Net Gain = $450,000 - $0
= $450,000
The maximum gain from buying 45 April 100 put option contracts is $450,000. However, if the stock price on the expiration date is $85.80, the options investment would be worth $0. Therefore, the net gain would be -$450,000.
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Your company is considering granting credit to a new customer. The price per unit is $165 and the variable cost per unit is $150. The chance of default is 8% and the monthly interest rate is 0.8%. The customer will pay in 30 days if they do not default. If the customer does not default, they will buy one unit every month forever. What is the NPV of granting credit?
The Net Present Value (NPV) of granting credit to the new customer is $17,325. So, the correct answer is $17,325.
To calculate the NPV of granting credit to the new customer, we need to consider the cash inflows and outflows over time. Let's break down the calculation step by step:
1. Cash inflows:
The customer will purchase one unit every month forever. Since the customer will pay in 30 days if they do not default, we can assume that the cash inflow will occur at the end of each month. The selling price per unit is $165, so the monthly cash inflow is $165.
2. Cash outflows:
The variable cost per unit is $150, so the monthly cash outflow is $150.
3. Default risk:
The chance of default is 8%. In case of default, there will be no cash inflow, and we need to account for the potential loss. The loss in this case is the selling price of the unit, which is $165.
4. Discount rate:
The monthly interest rate is 0.8%. To calculate the discount rate, we use the formula: Discount rate = 1 / (1 + Interest rate) - 1. In this case, the discount rate is 1 / (1 + 0.008) - 1 = 0.008.
Now, let's calculate the NPV using the information above:
NPV = (Probability of no default * Cash inflow - Probability of default * Loss) / Discount rate
Probability of no default = 1 - Probability of default = 1 - 0.08 = 0.92
NPV = (0.92 * $165 - 0.08 * $165) / 0.008
= ($151.80 - $13.20) / 0.008
= $138.60 / 0.008
= $17,325
Therefore, the NPV of granting credit to the new customer is $17,325.
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(a) Provide detailed information about CPI and inflation rate with formulas and examples.
(b) Suppose Newspaper A claims that the higher inflation rate is primarily due to production and transportation bottlenecks, while Newspaper B says it is primarily due to expansionary fiscal policy and low interest rates. According to economic theory, which view is more likely to be correct?
(a) The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the average change in urban consumer prices for goods and services over time, estimating inflation rates. It is calculated using the formula CPI = (Cost of Basket in Current Period / Cost of Basket in Base Period) x 100. Inflation rates are calculated by comparing CPI of different periods. (b) Newspaper B's view is likely correct, as expansionary fiscal policy and low interest rates increase aggregate demand, leading to higher inflation. Production and transportation bottlenecks may cause temporary price increases, but not lastingly.
(a) The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a widely used measure of inflation. It tracks the prices of a basket of goods and services that are representative of what an average urban consumer purchases.
The CPI is calculated by dividing the cost of the basket in the current period by the cost of the basket in the base period (typically set as 100) and multiplying it by 100. This gives a numerical index that represents the average price change over time.
The inflation rate is derived by comparing the CPI of two different periods. It is calculated by subtracting the CPI of the previous period from the CPI of the current period, dividing the result by the CPI of the previous period, and multiplying it by 100.
This provides the percentage change in the general price level between the two periods.
For example, if the CPI in the current period is 120 and the CPI in the previous period was 110, the inflation rate would be ((120 - 110) / 110) x 100 = 9.09%.
(b) Expansionary fiscal policy involves increasing government spending and/or reducing taxes to stimulate economic activity. This can result in higher aggregate demand as consumers have more disposable income and businesses have increased demand for their products. With increased demand, prices may rise, leading to inflation.
Low interest rates can also stimulate borrowing and investment, further boosting aggregate demand. When interest rates are low, it becomes cheaper for individuals and businesses to borrow money, encouraging consumption and investment spending. Again, this increased spending can contribute to inflationary pressures.
On the other hand, production and transportation bottlenecks can lead to temporary disruptions in the supply of goods and services, causing specific prices to rise.
However, these bottlenecks are typically localized and temporary in nature. Once the bottlenecks are resolved, prices tend to stabilize, and their impact on the overall inflation rate diminishes.
Overall, while both factors can contribute to inflation, economic theory suggests that expansionary fiscal policy and low interest rates are more likely to have a sustained and broad-based impact on the general price level, making Newspaper B's view more plausible.
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information that enters long-term memory by automatic encoding
Information that enters long-term memory by automatic encoding is typically processed and stored without conscious effort or intentional rehearsal. This type of encoding occurs automatically and effortlessly, often as a result of repeated exposure or strong emotional experiences. Examples of information that can be encoded automatically include:
Basic sensory information: Certain sensory details, such as the color of an object or the sound of a familiar voice, can be automatically encoded into long-term memory.
Well-learned skills: Skills that have been practiced extensively, such as riding a bicycle or typing on a keyboard, are often encoded automatically and stored in long-term memory.
Emotional experiences: Events that evoke strong emotions, whether positive or negative, tend to be automatically encoded and remembered more vividly.
Automatic encoding allows for efficient processing of information and contributes to the formation of lasting memories without conscious effort.
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Ellora wants to accumulate $150000.50 in an RRSP by making annual contributions of $5000.00 at the end of each year. If interest is 5.5% compounded yearly, calculate how long she has to make contributions. a. 18.202125 b. 17.455483 C. 18.076686 d. 17.585794 e. 18.676765
To calculate the number of years Ellora has to make contributions to accumulate $150,000.50 in an RRSP with annual contributions of $5,000.00 and a yearly interest rate of 5.5% compounded yearly, we need to solve for the number of periods. c) 18.076686
The options provided are: a) 18.202125, b) 17.455483, c) 18.076686, d) 17.585794, and e) 18.676765.
In this case, we can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity to determine the number of periods. The formula is:
FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r,
where FV is the future value, P is the periodic payment, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods.
Substituting the given values, we have:
$150,000.50 = $5,000 * [(1 + 0.055)^n - 1] / 0.055.
To solve for n, we can rearrange the formula:
[(1 + 0.055)^n - 1] / 0.055 = $150,000.50 / $5,000.
Simplifying further, we get:
(1.055^n - 1) / 0.055 = 30.001.
To find the value of n, we can use trial and error or a financial calculator. The correct answer is option c) 18.076686, which represents the approximate number of years Ellora needs to make contributions to accumulate $150,000.50 in her RRSP.
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How can you post internal labor costs to a network activity?
There are TWO correct answers for this Question
A) Confirmation
B) Service entry sheet
C) Distribution
D) Activity allocation
One can post internal labor costs to a network activity by service entry sheet and activity allocation. So, the correct option are B) Service entry sheet and C) Activity allocation.
1. Servsice entry sheet: This procedure includes logging the amount of money invested in internal labour hours for a specific project and then creating a service entry sheet in the SAP system. It essentially generates a connection between the labour costs incurred and the project to which it is assigned.The steps involved in posting internal labour costs through a service entry sheet are as follows:
First, establish a service entry sheet that is connected to the project to which the labour costs are associated. Select the service entry sheet and input the hours worked and other relevant details regarding the labour cost, like dates and rates, in the SAP system. The next step is to confirm the document in the SAP system, which establishes a connection between the labour costs and the project.2. Activity allocation:Activity allocation is another procedure for posting internal labour costs to a network activity. It involves allocating the labour costs to a specific network activity in the SAP system. The actions involved in this process are:
Create an activity allocation in the SAP system. Then choose the relevant network activity to which the labour costs will be assigned. Then input information regarding the labour costs, such as hours worked and rates, and confirm the document. This establishes a link between the labour costs and the network activity to which it has been assigned.Therefore, one can post internal labor costs to a network activity by service entry sheet and activity allocation. So, the correct options are B) Service entry sheet and C) Activity allocation.
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A property developer wants to buy up land to build an exclusive golf estate. He has nearly all the land he needs, except for one small-holding. The owner of that property is an old man and he refuses to sell his farm. The developer enlists the help of the local mayor and other public officials to encourage the farmer to sell. They visit repeatedly and put pressure on him, but he still refuses. One night, unknown vandals enter the small-holding and set fire to his crops. They spray-paint threatening messages on the walls of his house. The old man is now frightened and reluctantly decides that he has to sell his property. He meets with the developers, they all discuss the contract, the farmer signs the contract and later he receives the money in his bank account. A week later, he has a change of heart and with the help of an NGO, he challenges the sale of his property in court
the Qustions:
Was consensus reached in the scenario?
What defects in will, if any, are present in the scenario
Consensus was not reached in the given scenario because the property developer used force and pressure to make the farmer sell his farm instead of engaging in a fair negotiation process.
There was no agreement made willingly and under fair conditions between both parties. Therefore, it cannot be called consensus.In the given scenario, the defect in will present is the farmer's change of heart a week later, after he had already signed the contract and received the money.
The change of heart may imply that his consent to sell the land may not have been a free will because he had agreed to the deal under pressure from the developer and the public officials.
Hence, his original agreement to sell the land was influenced by pressure, fear, and intimidation. He changed his mind after seeking the help of an NGO, who may have informed him that the actions of the developer and public officials were unethical and unconstitutional.
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an increase in the overall level of prices in an economy is called:
An increase in the overall level of prices in an economy is called inflation. It refers to a sustained rise in the general price level of goods and services over a specific period of time.
Inflation is an economic concept that measures the rate at which the general price level of goods and services is increasing over time.
When the overall level of prices in an economy rises, it means that each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. In other words, the purchasing power of money decreases.
Inflation can be caused by various factors, including an increase in production costs, changes in aggregate demand and supply, fluctuations in currency exchange rates, and monetary policy decisions.
It is typically measured using various price indices, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) or the Producer Price Index (PPI), which track the changes in the prices of a representative basket of goods and services.
Inflation can have both positive and negative effects on an economy. Moderate inflation can stimulate consumer spending and investment as people may choose to spend or invest their money rather than hold onto it, anticipating higher prices in the future.
On the other hand, high or rapid inflation can erode the purchasing power of individuals and businesses, disrupt economic stability, and create uncertainty in financial markets.
Central banks and policymakers closely monitor inflation rates and aim to maintain price stability within a target range.
They use various monetary tools, such as adjusting interest rates and managing the money supply, to control inflation and ensure economic stability.
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Question 4 Identify the four different project evaluations or reviews process. Discuss proper case/example that are suitable to evaluate the project's framework. You need to discuss this point at least by 200 words. Give appropriate reference and citation for your answer Detail discussion on project evaluation process (18 Marks) The four different project evaluations (7 Marks)
The four different project evaluations or reviews process are formative evaluations, summative evaluations, impact evaluations, and process evaluations.
Proper case/examples that are suitable to evaluate the project's framework include evaluating the planning phase of a construction project, assessing the success of a new product launch, assessing the impact of an environmental project, and evaluating a project's risk management process.
Reference: Kerzner, H. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Project evaluation process is an essential aspect of project management. It provides a platform to assess and review project progress, assess risks and issues, and identify areas for improvement. Project evaluations are typically conducted at different stages of the project, and there are different types of project evaluations or reviews processes. These include formative evaluations, summative evaluations, impact evaluations, and process evaluations.
Formative evaluations: Formative evaluations are conducted during the project's development stage and aim to assess project design, identify any shortcomings or weaknesses, and suggest ways to improve the project's overall framework. Formative evaluations are often useful in providing insights into project planning and management. For instance, formative evaluations can be used to evaluate the planning phase of a construction project, where the project manager assesses the project's feasibility and viability.Summarative evaluations: Summarative evaluations are conducted at the end of a project and aim to assess the project's overall success. Summative evaluations are typically used to evaluate the effectiveness of a project's outcomes and impact. For example, summative evaluations can be used to assess the success of a new product's launch, where project managers assess the product's sales and customer satisfaction.Impact evaluations: Impact evaluations are used to assess the long-term impact of a project on stakeholders, beneficiaries, and other external factors. For example, impact evaluations can be used to assess the impact of an environmental project, such as a new waste management system.Process evaluations: Process evaluations are used to assess the project's performance and management processes to identify areas for improvement. For example, process evaluations can be used to evaluate a project's risk management process and identify areas of risk and suggest ways to mitigate them.In conclusion, the four different project evaluations or reviews process are formative evaluations, summative evaluations, impact evaluations, and process evaluations. These evaluations play an essential role in project management, helping project managers to assess project progress, identify risks and issues, and identify areas for improvement.
Proper case/examples that are suitable to evaluate the project's framework include evaluating the planning phase of a construction project, assessing the success of a new product launch, assessing the impact of an environmental project, and evaluating a project's risk management process.
Reference:Kerzner, H. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
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Multiple Answers: Consider that you want to construct a system model to understand this accident. Which of the following are people that would be associated with this system? Eco-Lab engineers Dishwashers at the club Waiters and Waitresses at the club Customers at the club Barkeeps at the club Government regulators Club Managers
The correct answer is option (6) and (7) which is the people associated with the system to construct a system model to understand the accident are:
Club Managers, Government regulators.The system model is a structured framework used to understand how a particular system works. When an accident happens, creating a system model can aid in comprehending the root cause of the accident, which helps avoid a recurrence.
The people related to this system are the ones who work within the system and have some sort of influence on it. Club managers, government regulators are the people who would be connected with this system.
In this particular scenario, club managers and government regulators would be involved in creating a system model because they are directly linked with the club's operations and its adherence to regulatory standards.
Club managers can help in identifying the root cause of the accident by providing details of the systems employed within the club, while government regulators can assist in identifying areas of the system that do not comply with regulatory standards.
Hence, club managers and government regulators are the people who would be associated with this system.
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Complete question is,
Multiple Answers: Consider that you want to construct a system model to understand this accident. Which of the following are people that would be associated with this system?
Eco-Lab engineersDishwashers at the clubWaiters and Waitresses at the clubCustomers at the clubBarkeeps at the clubGovernment regulatorsClub Managers7) A word, slogan, or symbol that distinctively identifies a company, product, or service is a: A) Patent. B) Copyright. C) Trademark. D) Franchise.
C) Trademark. A trademark is a word, slogan, or symbol that uniquely represents a company, product, or service.
It is used to distinguish and identify the source of goods or services in the marketplace. By registering a trademark, a business can obtain legal protection for its brand identity, preventing others from using a similar mark that may cause confusion among consumers. Trademarks can include logos, brand names, product names, and even specific colors or sounds. They play a crucial role in building brand recognition, establishing customer trust, and ensuring fair competition in the business world.
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What is used to record a transaction into the general journal?
a Analyze transactions
b Account identification
c Journal entry
d Explanation
To record a transaction into the general journal, a journal entry is used. The journal entry captures the essential information about the transaction, including the accounts affected, the amounts debited and credited, and a brief description of the transaction.
This entry serves as a chronological record of all financial transactions in a company and is the first step in the accounting cycle. When a transaction occurs, it is necessary to analyze the transaction to understand its impact on the accounts. This involves identifying the specific accounts involved, determining whether they will be debited or credited, and calculating the appropriate amounts.
Once the analysis is complete, the next step is to create a journal entry that records the transaction in the general journal. The journal entry includes the date of the transaction, the accounts affected, the amounts, and a brief explanation of the transaction. This entry provides a clear and organized record of all financial transactions, allowing for accurate and reliable financial reporting.
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In estimating the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), we assume that the firm's capital structure reflects:
a Weighted discounted values.
b Proxy values based on historical data.
c Optimal (target) values.
d Bookvalues.
In estimating the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), we assume that the firm's capital structure reflects:
c. Optimal (target) values.
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is a financial metric that represents the average cost of financing for a company. It takes into account the proportion of debt and equity in the company's capital structure.
When estimating the WACC, it is assumed that the firm's capital structure reflects optimal or target values. This means that the proportions of debt and equity used in the calculation represent the desired or target levels of capital structure determined by the company's financial policy and objectives. These target values are usually based on factors such as the company's risk tolerance, cost of capital considerations, and the optimal mix of debt and equity to achieve the company's financial goals.
While historical data, discounted values, and book values may be used in other financial analyses or calculations, when estimating the WACC, the assumption is that the capital structure reflects the optimal or target values determined by the company.
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8. Consider a 1-year semi-annually paid interest rate swap, the notional is £1,000,000, the swap rate is 3.0%, the floating rate is 6MLIBOR+1%. On the market, the 6M LIBOR spot and its 6-month maturity for ward are 3.0% and 1.0%, respectively. Sketch the cash-flow diagram of the fixed-leg.
The cash-flow diagram for the fixed-leg of the 1-year semi-annually paid interest rate swap with a notional of £1,000,000. The floating rate of 6MLIBOR+1% would have two fixed payments of £15,000 each at the end of each semi-annual period.
What is the cash-flow diagram of the fixed-leg?To calculate the cash-flow diagram for the fixed-leg of the interest rate swap, we need to determine the fixed payments at each semi-annual period based on the swap rate. The fixed rate in this case is 3.0%.
The notional of the swap is £1,000,000, and the swap rate is 3.0%. Since the swap is semi-annually paid, there will be two fixed payments during the year.
Each fixed payment is calculated as (notional * swap rate / 2). Therefore, the cash-flow diagram for the fixed-leg would be as follows:
Period 1: £1,000,000 * 3.0% / 2 = £15,000 (fixed payment)
Period 2: £1,000,000 * 3.0% / 2 = £15,000 (fixed payment)
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Nicole Mackisey is thinking of forming her own spa business, Nicole's Getaway Spa (NGS) Nicole expects that she and two family members will each contribute $10,000 to the business and receive 1,000 shares each. Nicole forecasts the following amounts for the first year of operations, ending December 31,2021 : Cash on hand and in the bank, $2,450; amounts due from customers from spa treatments, $1,810; building and equipment, $73,000; amounts owed to beauty supply outlets for spa equipment, $4,690; notes payable to a local bank for $39,170. Cash dividends of $5,000 will be paid to the stockholders during the year, Nicole also forecasts that first-year sales revenues will be $50,800; wages will be $25,500; the cost of supplies used up will be $8,500; office expenses will be $6,500; and income taxes will be $1,900. C1-1 (Algo) Part 1 Required: 1. Based on Nicole's estimates, prepare a (forecasted) income statement for Nicole's Getaway Spa for the year ended December 31 , 2021. 2. Prepare a (forecasted) statement of retained earnings for Nicole's Getaway Spa for the year ended December 31,2021. 3. Prepare a (forecasted) balance sheet for Nicole's Getaway Spa at December 31, 2021. 4. Are creditors or stockholders expected to supply most of the financing for NGS's assets at December 31,2021 ?
Retained earnings deficit$(1,600)Total Stockholders Equity 28,400Total Liabilities and Stockholders Equity 77,2604. Creditors are expected to supply most of the financing for NGS's assets at December 31, 2021.
1. Forecasted Income statement for Nicole's Getaway Spa for the year ended December 31 2021 ParticularsAmountSales Revenue 50,800Wages 25,500Cost of supplies used up 8,500Office Expenses$6,500Income tax 1,900
Total Operating expenses 42,400
Net income before dividends 8,400
Less: Dividends 5,000
Net income 3,400
2. Forecasted Statement of Retained Earnings for Nicole's Getaway Spa for the year ended December 31, 2021
ParticularsAmount Net Income 3,400Less: Dividends 5,000Retained earnings deficit (1,600)3. Forecasted Balance Sheet for Nicole's Getaway Spa on December 31, 2021AssetsCash on hand and in the bank
2,450Amounts due from customers from spa treatments 1,810Building and equipment 73,000Total assets 77,260 Liabilities Amounts owed to beauty supply outlets for spa equipment 4,690 Notes payable to a local bank 39,170Total Liabilities 43,860Stockholders EquityCommon stock, 10 par value, 3,000 shares authorized,3,000 shares issued and outstanding 30,000
Retained earnings deficit$(1,600)Total Stockholders Equity$28,400Total Liabilities and Stockholders Equity 77,2604. Creditors are expected to supply most of the financing for NGS's assets at December 31, 2021.
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Elon Musk hold's "Tesla Day" and declares a $5 per share TSLA cash dividend, paid quarterly. You own long calls on TSLA. Did Mr. Musk just make your calls you own more valuable, less valuable or is there no effect of the new dividend on the value of your calls? Group of answer choices
More valuable
Less valuable
No effect
It depends on factors not listed
The dividend declaration by Elon Musk during Tesla Day would generally make the long calls on TSLA less valuable.
When a company pays a cash dividend, it reduces the available funds within the company, which can result in a decrease in the stock price. As a result, the value of call options, which derive their value from the underlying stock price, may also decrease. Therefore, the new dividend announcement is likely to have a negative effect on the value of the calls you own.
The decrease in value of long calls on TSLA due to the cash dividend declaration by Elon Musk during Tesla Day is primarily attributed to the concept of "ex-dividend" date. When a dividend is declared, the stock price is typically adjusted downward on the ex-dividend date to reflect the value of the dividend being paid out to shareholders. This adjustment is done to prevent arbitrage opportunities.
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a) Bond ratings are an important element of the bond market. Define bond ratings and explain who issues them, and how they should be interpreted by the average investor.
(b) A convertible preferred stock carries a conversion ratio of 1.8. Find the conversion value of this convertible preferred stock, if the market price of the underlying common stock is $40 per share. Would there be any conversion premium if the convertible preferred stock was selling at $90 a share? If so, how much is the premium in dollar and percentage terms?
(c) Define the concept of bond duration.
(d) A 20-year, 10% corporate bond is priced to yield 8%. The Macaulay duration of this bond is 10 years. Find the modified duration of this bond. According to the modified duration, how much of a price change would this bond incur if market yields rose to 9%?
(A) analyze factors such as the issuer's financial statements, industry conditions, economic outlook, and other relevant information. Based on their analysis, the rating agencies assign a rating to the bonds, typically using letter grades such as AAA (highest rating) to D (lowest rating). (B) there would be a conversion premium of $18, which represents a premium of approximately 25% over the conversion value. (C) A higher bond duration indicates greater price sensitivity to interest rate changes. (D) if market yields rose from 8% to 9%, the bond's price would be expected to decrease by approximately 9.9%.
a) Bond ratings are assessments of the creditworthiness and risk level of a bond issuer. They provide an indication of the likelihood of timely interest and principal payments to bondholders. Bond ratings are assigned by credit rating agencies, such as Standard & Poor's (S&P), Moody's, and Fitch Ratings.
These rating agencies evaluate the financial strength, stability, and ability to meet debt obligations of bond issuers, including governments, municipalities, corporations, and other entities. They analyze factors such as the issuer's financial statements, industry conditions, economic outlook, and other relevant information. Based on their analysis, the rating agencies assign a rating to the bonds, typically using letter grades such as AAA (highest rating) to D (lowest rating).
For the average investor, bond ratings provide an essential tool for assessing the risk associated with investing in bonds. Higher-rated bonds (e.g., AAA, AA) indicate a lower risk of default and are generally considered safer investments. Lower-rated bonds (e.g., BB, B, C) carry a higher risk of default but may offer higher yields to compensate for the increased risk. It is important for investors to consider the ratings along with their risk tolerance and investment objectives when making investment decisions.
b) The conversion value of a convertible preferred stock is the value of the underlying common stock that the investor would receive upon conversion. The conversion ratio specifies how many shares of common stock the investor can receive for each share of convertible preferred stock.
Given:
Conversion ratio = 1.8
Market price of the underlying common stock = $40 per share
To calculate the conversion value, multiply the market price of the common stock by the conversion ratio:
Conversion value = $40 * 1.8
Conversion value = $72
If the convertible preferred stock is selling at $90 per share, there would be a conversion premium. The conversion premium is the difference between the market price of the convertible preferred stock and its conversion value.
Conversion premium = Convertible preferred stock price - Conversion value
Conversion premium = $90 - $72
Conversion premium = $18
In percentage terms, the conversion premium can be calculated as:
Conversion premium percentage = (Conversion premium / Conversion value) * 100
Conversion premium percentage = ($18 / $72) * 100
Conversion premium percentage ≈ 25%
Therefore, if the convertible preferred stock is selling at $90 per share, there would be a conversion premium of $18, which represents a premium of approximately 25% over the conversion value.
c) Bond duration is a measure of a bond's sensitivity to changes in interest rates. It provides an estimate of the bond's price volatility in response to interest rate fluctuations. Duration takes into account the bond's coupon payments, time to maturity, and the timing of cash flows.
Essentially, bond duration measures the weighted average time it takes for an investor to receive the bond's cash flows, including both coupon payments and the principal repayment. It helps investors understand the potential price changes in response to interest rate movements.
A higher bond duration indicates greater price sensitivity to interest rate changes. Bonds with longer maturities and lower coupon rates typically have higher durations because their cash flows are further into the future.
d) The modified duration of a bond is a measure of the bond's price sensitivity to changes in yields.
To calculate the modified duration, divide the Macaulay duration by 1 + yield change:
Modified duration = Macaulay duration / (1 + yield change)
Modified duration = 10 / (1 + 0.01)
Modified duration = 10 / 1.01
Modified duration ≈ 9.90 years
According to the modified duration, the approximate percentage change in the bond's price can be estimated using the formula:
Percentage price change ≈ -Modified duration * Yield change
Percentage price change ≈ -9.90 * 0.01
Percentage price change ≈ -0.099 or -9.9%
Therefore, if market yields rose from 8% to 9%, the bond's price would be expected to decrease by approximately 9.9%.
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how much taxes are taken out of game show winnings
Answer:
The amount of taxes taken out of game show winnings can vary depending on several factors, including the country and state where the game show takes place, the total amount won, and the individual's tax status.
Explanation:
The amount of taxes taken out of game show winnings can vary depending on several factors, including the country and state where the game show takes place, the total amount won, and the individual's tax status. In the United States, for example, game show winnings are generally subject to federal income tax as well as state income tax in some states.
For federal taxes, game show winnings are considered taxable income and are typically subject to the regular income tax rates. The show organizers may be required to withhold a portion of the winnings for federal taxes, which is usually around 24% of the total prize amount.
In addition to federal taxes, some states may also impose their own income tax on game show winnings. The tax rates and rules vary by state, so the amount withheld for state taxes will depend on the specific state's tax laws.
It's important to note that tax regulations can be complex, and it's advisable to consult with a tax professional or accountant who can provide accurate and personalized advice based on individual circumstances.
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Sheffield Corporation reported net sales of $642000,$687400, and $744720 in the years 2024,2025 , and 2026, respectively. If 2024 is the base year, what percentage do 2026 sales represent of the base?
116%
16%
108%
86%
The percentage that 2026 sales represent of the base year (2024) for Sheffield Corporation is 108%. The correct answer is option C.
To calculate the percentage that 2026 sales represent of the base year, we need to divide the sales of 2026 by the sales of the base year (2024) and then multiply by 100.
2026 Sales = $744,720
Base Year (2024) Sales = $642,000
Percentage = (2026 Sales / Base Year Sales) * 100
= ($744,720 / $642,000) * 100
= 1.16 * 100
= 116%
Therefore, 2026 sales represent 116% of the base year sales (2024). Hence, Option C is correct.
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Given an initial 60 Billion dollar budget, how much would a 3% annual productivity improvement save over ten years? How much less would the 10th year be in comparison to the 60 billion?
A 3% annual productivity improvement over ten years would result in savings of approximately 19.38 billion dollars compared to the initial budget of 60 billion dollars.
A 3% annual productivity improvement over ten years would result in significant savings compared to the initial budget of 60 billion dollars. To calculate the savings, we can use the compound interest formula.
The formula for compound interest is [tex]A = P(1 + r)^n[/tex], where A is the final amount, P is the initial amount, r is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of years.
Using this formula, the savings over ten years would be:
A = [tex]60 \times (1 + 0.03)^{10[/tex] = [tex]60 \times (1.03)^{10[/tex] ≈ 79.38 billion dollars.
Therefore, the 10th-year budget would be approximately 79.38 billion dollars, which is 19.38 billion dollars less than the initial budget of 60 billion dollars. This reduction in budget is a result of the accumulated savings from the 3% annual productivity improvement over the ten-year period.
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A key element that many people overlook in preparing for an interview is planning out questions that you can ask to the employer. A job interview is a lot like a "first date" - it is really important that both people have the opportunity to ask questions and get to know each other better. When the employer asks you "do you have any questions for us?", this is your time to show you are engaged in the hiring process! If you do or have asked questions in an interview, what are three (3) questions you usually prepare. If you don't ask questions, what are three (3) questions you could ask to the employer in your next interview?
If you do or have asked questions in an interview, three questions you usually prepare are:
Can you tell me more about the company culture and what it's like to work here?What are the opportunities for growth and advancement within the company?Can you provide some insights into the typical career path for someone in this role?Preparing questions to ask during a job interview is essential as it demonstrates your interest, engagement, and preparation for the position and the company. Asking thoughtful questions allows you to gather valuable information and gain a deeper understanding of the company, the role you're applying for, and the potential fit between your skills and the organization's needs.
One question you may want to ask is about the company culture. Understanding the work environment, values, and team dynamics can help you assess if it aligns with your preferences and working style.
Another important area to inquire about is the opportunities for growth and advancement within the company. This question indicates your long-term commitment and desire to develop professionally. Learning about potential career paths and advancement opportunities will give you insights into the company's investment in its employees' growth.
Lastly, asking about the typical career path for someone in the role you're applying for can provide valuable information about the potential trajectory of your career within the organization. It shows your ambition and dedication to long-term success.
Remember, asking relevant and well-thought-out questions during an interview not only provides you with important information but also demonstrates your enthusiasm, curiosity, and commitment to making an informed decision.
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Suppose when the price of a can of tuna is $1.30, the quantity demanded is 9, and when the price is $1.50, the quantity demanded is 7. Using the mid-point method, the price elasticity of demand is:
Select one:
a. 0.57
b. 29 percent
The price elasticity of demand, using the mid-point method, is approximately 1.75.
To calculate the price elasticity of demand using the midpoint method, we need to use the following formula:
Price elasticity of demand = (Percentage change in quantity demanded) / (Percentage change in price)
First, let's calculate the percentage change in quantity demanded:
ΔQ = (New quantity demanded - Initial quantity demanded) = 7 - 9 = -2
ΔQ/Qavg = -2 / ((9 + 7) / 2) = -2 / 8 = -0.25
Next, let's calculate the percentage change in price:
ΔP = (New price - Initial price) = 1.50 - 1.30 = 0.20
ΔP/Pavg = 0.20 / ((1.30 + 1.50) / 2) = 0.20 / 1.40 = 0.1429
Now, let's calculate the price elasticity of demand using the formula:
Price elasticity of demand = (Percentage change in quantity demanded) / (Percentage change in price)
Price elasticity of demand = -0.25 / 0.1429 ≈ -1.75
Since the price elasticity of demand is usually expressed as an absolute value, we take the absolute value of -1.75:
Price elasticity of demand ≈ 1.75
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Unilever plc is a British multinational consumer goods company
with headquarters in London. Unilever products include food,
condiments, ice cream, cleaning agents, beauty products, and
personal care.
Unilever plc is a British multinational company based in London that produces a variety of consumer goods including food, condiments, ice cream, cleaning agents, beauty products, and personal care items.
Unilever plc is a well-known British multinational company that specializes in the production of a wide range of consumer goods. With its headquarters in London, Unilever is involved in various sectors, including food, condiments, ice cream, cleaning agents, beauty products, and personal care items. The company has a strong global presence and is recognized for its popular brands and products. Unilever's diverse portfolio caters to the needs and preferences of consumers worldwide, making it a prominent player in the consumer goods industry. Its commitment to quality, innovation, and sustainability has contributed to its success and reputation in the market.
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Consider making an investment of $8,300 each year. If the first $8,300 investment is made at the end of this year, how much will you have in: a. 10 years at 8 percent? (Enter your answer as a positive number rounded to 2 decimal places.) b. 40 years at 9 percent? (Enter your answer as a positive number rounded to 2 decimal places.)
If you make an investment of $8,300 each year, with the first investment made at the end of this year, you will have the following amounts: (a). In 10 years at 8 percent, you will have approximately $133,298.47 ; (b). In 40 years at 9 percent, you will have approximately $1,371,335.51.
To calculate the future value of the investment, we can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity. The formula is:
FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r
where:
FV = future value
P = periodic payment (investment amount)
r = interest rate per period
n = number of periods
For part (a), the investment is made for 10 years at an interest rate of 8 percent. Plugging in the values into the formula:
FV = $8,300 * [(1 + 0.08)^10 - 1] / 0.08
= $8,300 * (1.08^10 - 1) / 0.08
≈ $133,298.47
Therefore, in 10 years at 8 percent, you will have approximately $133,298.47.
For part (b), the investment is made for 40 years at an interest rate of 9 percent. Plugging in the values into the formula:
FV = $8,300 * [(1 + 0.09)^40 - 1] / 0.09
= $8,300 * (1.09^40 - 1) / 0.09
≈ $1,371,335.51
Therefore, in 40 years at 9 percent, you will have approximately $1,371,335.51.
In conclusion, In 10 years at 8 percent, you will have approximately $133,298.47 and In 40 years at 9 percent, you will have approximately $1,371,335.51.
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Suppose there are only two firms (A and B) in the market, with the marginal abatement costs MACa=80-Ea, and MACb=65-0.5Eb, respectively. (Ea and Eb are emissions of firm A and firm B, respectively.)
An emission standard (command-and-control) policy which allows each firm 30 units of emissions is ____
An emission standard (command-and-control) policy which allows each firm 50 units of emissions is ____
cost-effective/non cost-effective
An emission standard (command-and-control) policy that allows each firm 30 units of emissions is non-cost-effective.
To determine if the policy is cost-effective, we compare the firms' marginal abatement costs (MAC) to the cost of complying with the emission standard. If the cost of reducing emissions (abatement costs) is higher than the cost of simply complying with the emission standard, the policy is considered non-cost-effective.
For firm A, the MACa (marginal abatement cost) is given by 80 - Ea, and for firm B, the MACb is given by 65 - 0.5 Eb.
If the emission standard allows each firm 30 units of emissions, we can set the emissions equal to the permitted level and solve for the abatement costs.
For firm A: Ea = 30
MACa = 80 - Ea = 80 - 30 = 50
For firm B: Eb = 30
MACb = 65 - 0.5Eb = 65 - 0.5(30) = 65 - 15 = 50
In this case, both firms have abatement costs of 50, which is higher than the cost of simply complying with the emission standard. Therefore, the policy is non-cost-effective.
An emission standard (command-and-control) policy that allows each firm 50 units of emissions would need to be evaluated separately using the same approach to determine if it is cost-effective or non-cost-effective.
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A new restaurant has recently opened in your community and it is a huge success with an average of 520-540 customers daily. The owner has had to hire additional workers at $20 per hour to help with the dishwashing as each customer uses on average 5 dishes. The owner has investigated purchasing a large dishwashing machine which costs $260,000, but is uncertain as to whether it is worth it as this would be a huge expenditure for a new business owner and the purchase feels a bit daunting. The machine has an expected useful life of 10 years. The owner has hired you to determine whether the investment would be wise.
Restaurant Facts
1. There are 3 restaurant shifts (breakfast, lunch, dinner) where each shift lasts 3 hours
2. On average, 900 dishes need washing per shift
3. The restaurant is open 360 days per year
Market conditions:
1. Wages are expected to increase 1% each year
2. Interest rates are 8%
3. Interest is compounded quarterly
Manual labor for dishwashing
1. For each of the 3 shifts, dishwashers need to setup and get ready for the rush. Setup takes 1 hour per shift.
2. A dishwasher can wash 5 dishes per minute.
Machine labor requirements
1. The machine needs to be prepared to run for the day and it takes 1 hour. The owner needs to hire a maintenance worker who can maintain the machine. This worker would cost the owner $40 per day.
2. The labor requirements to load and empty the machine are 2 hours per shift.
It is not worth it for the restaurant owner to purchase a large dishwashing machine because the total cost of using manual labor is less than the total cost of using machine labor.
In order to find out whether the purchase of a large dishwashing machine worth it or not for the restaurant owner, we need to compute and compare the total cost of using manual labor and machine labor. We need to find out whether the total cost of using machine labor for dishwashing over 10 years is less than the total cost of using manual labor for the same time period. Here are the steps to find out the total cost of using manual labor for 10 years:Manual labor cost = total number of hours worked x hourly wageManual labor cost = (3 shifts/day x 3 hours/shift x 5 dishes/minute x 60 minutes/hour x 900 dishes/shift) / 60 minutes/hour x 8 hours/day x 360 days/year x (1 + 1%)^(10 years) x $20/hour. Manual labor cost = $379,990.91.
We can also calculate the labor cost to set up the dishwashing area for each shift as it would be an additional cost. The labor cost to set up the dishwashing area for 1 shift
= 1 hour x $20/hour
= $20Total cost for setting up the dishwashing area for 3 shifts
= 3 shifts/day x $20/shift
= $60Total cost of using manual labor for 10 years
= manual labor cost + setup costTotal cost of using manual labor for 10 years
= $379,990.91 + $60
= $380,050.91. Next, we need to calculate the total cost of using machine labor for dishwashing for 10 years. Here are the steps to find out the total cost of using machine labor:Total cost of using machine labor = cost of machine + maintenance cost + labor costTotal cost of using machine labor = $260,000 + ($40/day x 360 days/year x 10 years) + (3 shifts/day x 2 hours/shift x $20/hour x 360 days/year x 10 years)Total cost of using machine labor
= $260,000 + $144,000 + $518,400Total cost of using machine labor
= $922,400. Now, we can compare the total cost of using manual labor and the total cost of using machine labor:If the total cost of using machine labor is less than the total cost of using manual labor, then the purchase of a large dishwashing machine is worth it for the restaurant owner.Total cost of using manual labor = $380,050.91Total cost of using machine labor = $922,400. Therefore, it is not worth it for the restaurant owner to purchase a large dishwashing machine because the total cost of using manual labor is less than the total cost of using machine labor.
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Novo, Inc., wants to develop an activity flexible budget for the activity of moving materials. Novo uses eight forklifts to move materials from receiving to stores. The forklifts are also used to move materials from stores to the production area. The forklifts are obtained through an operating lease that costs $18,000 per year per forklift. Novo employs 25 forklift operators who receive an average salary of $50,000 per year, including benefits. Each move requires the use of a crate. The crates are used to store the parts and are emptied only when used in production. Crates are disposed of after one cycle (two moves), where a cycle is defined as a move from receiving to stores to production. Each crate costs $1.80. Fuel for a forklift costs $3.60 per gallon. A gallon of gas is used every 20 moves. Forklifts can make three moves per hour and are available for 280 days per year, 24 hours per day (the remaining time is downtime for various reasons). Each operator works 40 hours per week and 50 weeks per year.
Required:
Question Content Area
1. Prepare a flexible budget for the activity of moving materials, using the number of cycles as the activity driver. If required, round your answers to the nearest cent.
The flexible budget for the activity of moving materials, using the number of cycles as the activity driver, is determined by multiplying the number of cycles by the cost per cycle.
Activity Flexible Budget incorporates production levels' expenditures and income. Breaking down variable and fixed costs helps a company make strategic decisions. Novo, Inc. wants to use cycles to develop an Activity Flexible Budget for moving commodities. Novo leases eight $18,000-per-year forklifts. Each forklift uses $3.60/gallon of fuel. 20 motions use a gallon of petrol. Each forklift can make three moves per hour and is available 24/7, 280 days a year. With 25 operators, each receives $50,000 per year, including benefits, working 40 hours per week for 50 weeks. Crates store Novo components. Moving needs crates. Crates are used once and discarded. $1.80 per crate.
A cycle is defined as a move from receiving to stores to production. Following is a flexible budget for the activity of moving materials:
Calculate the variable costs:
Variable costs per cycle: The variable cost of Fuel per cycle= (Total fuel used per year/Total moves per year)×(Number of moves per cycle)
The variable cost of Fuel per cycle= (36,960/67,200)×2 = $1.11
The variable cost of a Crate per cycle= is $1.80
Total Variable cost per cycle= is $1.11+$1.80 = $2.91
Calculate the Fixed costs:
Fixed costs per year: Lease cost of each forklift = $18,000
Fixed costs per cycle = ($18,000/280 days per year) × (2 cycles per day) = $128.57
Total costs per cycle= $128.57+$2.91= $131.48.
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A single server queuing system with a Poisson arrival rate and exponential service time has an average arrival rate of 8 customers per hour and an average service rate of 11 customers per hour. What is the probability that a customer waits 6 minutes or more in the line?
a.
0.5388
b.
0.2727
c.
0.4612
d.
0.7273
The probability that a customer waits 6 minutes or more in the line is approximately c. 0.4612.
To calculate the probability that a customer waits 6 minutes or more in the line in a single server queuing system with a Poisson arrival rate and exponential service time, we can use the M/M/1 queuing model.
In the M/M/1 queuing model, the probability that a customer has to wait in the line for a certain amount of time or more can be calculated using the following formula:
P(W ≥ t) = e^(-λ(1-ρ)t)
Where:
λ is the arrival rateρ is the traffic intensity (λ/μ)t is the waiting time thresholdIn this case, the average arrival rate (λ) is 8 customers per hour, and the average service rate (μ) is 11 customers per hour.
Let's calculate the probability that a customer waits 6 minutes or more (t = 6 minutes = 0.1 hours):
ρ = λ/μ = 8/11 ≈ 0.7273
P(W ≥ 0.1) = e^(-8(1-0.7273)(0.1))
P(W ≥ 0.1) ≈ 0.4612
Therefore, the probability that a customer waits 6 minutes or more in the line is approximately 0.4612.
The correct answer is:
c. 0.4612
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McKinsee Inc. is developing a plan to finance its asset base. The firm has $5,000,000 in current assets, of which 20% are permanent, and $12,000,000 in capital assets. Long-term rates are currently 9.5%, while short-term rates are at 7%. McKinsee's tax rate is 30%. A) Construct a conservative financing plan with 80% of assets financed by long-term sources. If McKinsee's earnings before interest and taxes are $6,000,000, what will their aet income be? (5 marks) B) An alternative and more aggressive plan would be to finance 60% of total assets with ong-term financing. Assuming that EBIT was again $6,000,000, what will net income be under this alternative? (5 marks)
Under the conservative financing plan, the asset income would be $2,850,000, while under the more aggressive financing plan, the asset income would be $2,550,000.
A) In the conservative financing plan, 80% of McKinsee Inc.'s assets are financed by long-term sources. Since long-term rates are 9.5%, the interest expense on the long-term financing can be calculated as $12,000,000 * 0.095 = $1,140,000.
With an EBIT of $6,000,000, the earnings before taxes would be $6,000,000 - $1,140,000 = $4,860,000. Applying the tax rate of 30%, the net income would be $4,860,000 * 0.7 = $3,402,000.
However, since the question asks for asset income, we need to adjust for the permanent assets. The permanent assets amount to 20% of the current assets, which is 20% * $5,000,000 = $1,000,000. Therefore, the asset income would be $3,402,000 - $1,000,000 = $2,850,000.
B) In the more aggressive financing plan, 60% of the total assets are financed by long-term sources. Following a similar calculation as in the previous plan, the interest expense on the long-term financing would be $12,000,000 * 0.095 = $1,140,000.
With an EBIT of $6,000,000, the earnings before taxes would be $6,000,000 - $1,140,000 = $4,860,000. Applying the tax rate of 30%, the net income would be $4,860,000 * 0.7 = $3,402,000. Adjusting for the permanent assets of $1,000,000, the net income would be $3,402,000 - $1,000,000 = $2,550,000.
Therefore, In a conservative financing plan with 80% of assets financed by long-term sources, McKinsee Inc.'s net income, given earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) of $6,000,000, can be calculated as $2,850,000.
In an alternative and more aggressive plan with 60% of total assets financed by long-term financing, the net income, under the same EBIT of $6,000,000, would be $2,550,000.
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