The correct option among the following is the third option or option C: "Tax revenues fall as real GDP decreases" is an example of an automatic fiscal policy stabilizer.
Explanation:An automatic fiscal policy stabilizer refers to the mechanism that helps the economy to maintain the equilibrium level of output or income without any intervention from the government. The automatic stabilizers are built into the economy, and they do not require any legislative action to take place. The three primary automatic stabilizers are income tax, transfer payments, and corporate profits taxes. When there is a decline in the economic activity, it leads to a reduction in the tax revenues of the government as the income of people and businesses decline due to the decrease in economic activity. Hence, a decrease in tax revenue helps to stabilize the economy. On the other hand, when there is an increase in the economic activity, it leads to an increase in the tax revenues of the government as the income of people and businesses increase due to the rise in economic activity. Hence, an increase in tax revenue helps to stabilize the economy. Therefore, the correct option among the given choices is the third option or option C: "Tax revenues fall as real GDP decreases" is an example of an automatic fiscal policy stabilizer.
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Dynamite Soaps Co. manufactures liquid detergents and uses a process costing system for product costing and stock valuation. The data below relates to the company's process for the month of January 2022 . There was no opening work in process (WIP) for January 2022. Closing WIP of 700 units was completed as follows: Material 100\% Labour 50\% Production overhead 50% Losses are recognized at the end of the production process and are sold for RM3.00 per unit. Required: (a) Compute the equivalent units and cost per equivalent unit (rounded to 4 decimal points) for January 2022 for the process above. (14 marks) (b) Prepare the cost allocation for the process above. (5 marks) (c) Describe the differences between normal and abnormal losses and explain how their accounting treatment differs. (6 marks) [Total: 25 Marks]
Dynamite Soaps Co. uses a process costing system to manufacture liquid detergents.
In January 2022, the company had no opening work in process, but completed 700 units of product with 100% completion of materials, 50% completion of labor, and 50% completion of overhead. The cost per equivalent unit was RM3.13.
Normal losses are expected in the production process, while abnormal losses are not. Normal losses are included in the cost of goods sold, while abnormal losses are charged to a loss account.
Here is a more detailed explanation of the main answer:
Equivalent units are the number of units that have been completed with respect to each cost category. For example, if 100 units are 50% complete with respect to labor, then they would be considered 50 equivalent units with respect to labor.
Cost per equivalent unit is the total cost of production divided by the number of equivalent units. In this case, the cost per equivalent unit was RM3.13, which means that it cost RM3.13 to produce one unit of liquid detergent.
Normal losses are expected in the production process and are included in the cost of goods sold. Abnormal losses are not expected and are charged to a loss account.
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Assuming that the "equilibrium income" is $4,000 and the "fullemployment" income is $8,000, which means a recessionary gap of $4,000, how much tax cut is needed to fill the gap if MPC is 0.50?
To fill the recessionary gap of $4,000 when the equilibrium income is $4,000 and the full employment income is $8,000, a tax cut of $2,000 is needed if the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.50.
The MPC represents the portion of additional income that people spend on consumption, and a tax cut aims to increase disposable income, encouraging higher spending and closing the gap. In a recessionary situation where the equilibrium income is below the full employment income, there is an output gap that indicates a shortfall in economic activity. To address this gap, fiscal policy measures can be employed, such as implementing a tax cut. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) represents the proportion of additional income that individuals spend on consumption. In this scenario, assuming an MPC of 0.50, it means that for every additional dollar of income, people spend 50 cents on consumption.
To fill the recessionary gap of $4,000, the government needs to stimulate spending by increasing disposable income. A tax cut can achieve this by reducing the amount of tax individuals have to pay, effectively increasing their take-home pay. By implementing a tax cut of $2,000 (50% of the recessionary gap), individuals would have an additional $2,000 of disposable income, of which $1,000 (50% of $2,000) would be spent on consumption, boosting aggregate demand and helping to close the output gap.
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Which of the following is true? A. When wages (input prices) decreases, the supply curve shift towards the left.
B. When income increases, the supply curve shift towards the right.
C. When technology improves, the supply curve shifts towards the left
D. When price increases for a substitute in production, the supply curve shifts towards th right.
The supply curve would shift towards the right rather than the left.
d. when the price increases for a substitute in production, the supply curve shifts towards the right.
the statement that when the price increases for a substitute in production, the supply curve shifts towards the right is true. this can be explained by the concept of input prices and production costs. when the price of a substitute in production increases, it becomes relatively more expensive compared to the original input. as a result, producers are incentivized to switch to the original input, leading to an increase in the supply of the original product and a shift of the supply curve towards the right.
option a is incorrect because when wages (input prices) decrease, it generally reduces production costs and leads to an increase in supply, shifting the supply curve towards the right.
option b is incorrect because changes in income typically affect demand rather than supply. an increase in income would generally lead to an increase in demand, which is represented by a shift in the demand curve rather than the supply curve.
option c is incorrect because when technology improves, it generally reduces production costs and enhances productivity, leading to an increase in supply.
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4. \( A B C \) Corp preferred stock pays annual dividend of \( \$ 3 \). The preferred stockholders have a required rate of return of \( 11 \% \). Find the price of \( A B C \) preferred share.
The price of ABC Corp preferred share is $27.27. This is calculated by dividing the annual dividend of $3 by the required rate of return of 11%, i.e., \( \frac{3}{0.11} = 27.27 \).
The price of a preferred share is determined by dividing the annual dividend by the required rate of return. In this case, since the annual dividend is $3 and the required rate of return is 11%, we divide $3 by 0.11 to get $27.27 as the price of the ABC Corp preferred share.
The price of a preferred share is determined by the relationship between its dividend and the required rate of return. In this case, the ABC Corp preferred stock pays an annual dividend of $3. The required rate of return for the preferred stockholders is 11%.
To calculate the price of the preferred share, we divide the annual dividend by the required rate of return expressed as a decimal. In this case, we divide $3 by 0.11 (11% expressed as 0.11) to get $27.27.
This means that the price at which investors would be willing to buy the ABC Corp preferred share, given the annual dividend and their required rate of return, is $27.27.
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Consider the following Stackelberg duopoly. Both firms produce differentiated goods. For form 1 , the demand is q 1 =10−p 1 +p 2 . For form 1 , the demand is q 2 =20−2p 2 +p 1 . Firm 1 chooses the price first. Firm 2 chooses the price after observing the choice of firm 1. For firm i, the total cost function is TC(q i )=2q i . What is the price set by firm 2?
107/12
71/3
147/12
35/3
The correct answer is (c). Firm 2 sets the price at 35/3 in the Stackelberg duopoly scenario described.
In a Stackelberg duopoly, one firm (in this case, Firm 1) chooses its quantity or price first, and then the second firm (Firm 2) observes the choice and determines its own quantity or price. To find the price set by Firm 2, we need to analyze the demand and cost functions.
The demand functions for Firm 1 and Firm 2 are given as:
q1 = 10 - p1 + p2
q2 = 20 - 2p2 + p1
The total cost function for both firms is TC(q) = 2q.
Since Firm 1 chooses the price first, we can substitute the demand functions to express them in terms of Firm 1's price (p1):
q1 = 10 - p1 + p2 => p2 = q1 + p1 - 10
q2 = 20 - 2p2 + p1 => p2 = [tex]\frac{(q2 + p1 - 20)}{2 }[/tex]
Equating the two expressions for p2, we have:
q1 + p1 - 10 = [tex]\frac{(q2 + p1 - 20)}{2}[/tex]
Simplifying the equation, we get:
2q1 + 2p1 - 20 = q2 + p1 - 20
Now, substituting the total cost function (TC) into the equation and rearranging, we obtain:
4q1 - q2 = 0
Solving the equation, we find:
q1 = q2 / 4
Since the total cost function is TC(q) = 2q, we can substitute q1 into the equation to find the optimal price:
2(q2 / 4) = 35/3
Therefore, the price set by Firm 2 in this Stackelberg duopoly scenario is 35/3
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Which of the following is NOT an underlying assumption of the Dividend Growth Model of stock valuation?
a. Growth is constant
b. Dividends are of the same amount
c. The discount rate exceeds the growth rate
d. Dividends are forever
B. Dividends are of the same amount is NOT an underlying assumption of the Dividend Growth Model of stock valuation.
The Dividend Growth Model is a method of valuing the price of a stock by estimating the future dividends that the stock will pay.
The model assumes that the dividends paid by the stock will grow at a constant rate, which is an underlying assumption of the model.
The model also assumes that the discount rate used to calculate the present value of the future dividends will exceed the growth rate of the dividends, which is another underlying assumption of the model.
Finally, the model assumes that the stock will pay dividends indefinitely, which is why option D is a correct underlying assumption.
However, the model does not assume that the dividends paid by the stock will be of the same amount. In fact, the model assumes that the dividends will grow at a constant rate, which means that they will increase over time.
Therefore, option B is not an underlying assumption of the Dividend Growth Model of stock valuation.
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Suppose the reserve requirement is 10%. If a bank has $2 million of checkable deposits and actual reserves of $200,000, the bank:
A) cannot safely lend out more money
B) can safely lend out $500,000
C) Can safely lend out $5 million
D) can safely lend out $50,000
Given a reserve requirement of 10%, a bank with $2 million of checkable deposits and actual reserves of $200,000 can safely lend out $1.8 million. The correct answer is A) cannot safely lend out more money.
The reserve requirement is the percentage of a bank's checkable deposits that it is required to hold as reserves. In this case, with checkable deposits of $2 million and a reserve requirement of 10%, the required reserves can be calculated as:
Required Reserves = Reserve Requirement Ratio × Checkable Deposits
= 0.10 × $2,000,000
= $200,000
Actual reserves are given as $200,000, which matches the required reserves. This means that the bank is meeting the reserve requirement and has no excess reserves available for lending.
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how to prepare closing entries from an adjusted trial balance
Preparing closing entries from an adjusted trial balance involves the following steps, Review the adjusted trial balance, Identify temporary accounts, Close revenue accounts, Close expense accounts, Close income summary account, Close dividend account, Review the post-closing trial balance.
To prepare closing entries from an adjusted trial balance, follow these steps. First, review the adjusted trial balance, which lists accounts and balances after adjusting entries. Identify temporary accounts, such as revenue, expenses, and dividends. Next, close revenue accounts by debiting each for its balance and crediting the income summary account for the total revenue. Close expense accounts by crediting each for its balance and debiting the income summary for the total expenses. Then, close the income summary account by transferring its net credit balance to retained earnings or vice versa. Close the dividend account by debiting retained earnings and crediting the dividend account. Finally, review the post-closing trial balance to ensure accuracy. This process ensures temporary accounts are closed, and permanent accounts reflect the correct balances. It prepares the financial records for the next accounting period.
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_________ involves the activities relating to procuring materials and supplies consumed during production
a. selling
b. pricing
c. purchasing
d. distributing
Purchasing involves the activities relating to procuring materials and supplies consumed during production. The purchasing process typically involves identifying the needs of the organization, selecting and evaluating suppliers, negotiating contracts and purchase orders, and receiving and inspecting goods or services.
In order to be effective, purchasing must be aligned with the goals and objectives of the organization. This involves understanding the requirements of the production process and identifying the suppliers that can best meet those requirements at the most competitive prices. The purchasing function is typically responsible for managing supplier relationships, negotiating contracts and pricing, and ensuring that goods or services are delivered on time and meet the required specifications. In conclusion, purchasing is a critical function in the supply chain that involves the activities relating to procuring materials and supplies consumed during production. It is important for organizations to have an effective purchasing process that is aligned with their goals and objectives to ensure that they can obtain the materials and supplies they need at the most competitive prices.
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A company must decide between scrapping or reworking units that do not pass inspection. The company has 13,000 defective units that have already cost $132,000 to manufacture. The units can be sold as scrap for $40,300 or reworked for $63,700 and then sold for $107,900. (a) Prepare a scrap or rework analysis of income effects. (b) Should the company sell the units as scrap or rework them? Scrap Rework (a) Scrap or Rework Analysis Revenue from scrapped/reworked units Cost of reworked units Income $ 0 $ 0 Incremental income (b) The company should: Sell the units as scrap
it would receive revenue of $40,300. Although this is lower than the revenue from reworking, it eliminates the additional cost of $63,700. Therefore, the company would have a higher net income
Choosing to sell the units as scrap. Hence, considering the financial implications, the company should opt to sell the units as scrap. (a) Scrap or Rework Analysis: Scrap: Revenue from scrapped units: $40,300 Cost: $132,000 Income: Revenue - Cost = $40,300 - $132,000 = -$91,700 Rework: Revenue from reworked units: $107,900 Cost of reworked units: $63,700 Income: Revenue - Cost = $107,900 - $63,700 = $44,200 (b) The company should sell the units as scrap. Based on the analysis, if the company chooses to rework the units, it would incur an additional cost of $63,700. However, the revenue generated from selling the reworked units would only be $107,900. This would result in a net income of $44,200. On the other hand, if the company decides to sell the units as scrap,
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Opti Systems manufactures an optical switch that it uses in its final product. The switch has the following manufacturing costs per unit: (Click the icon to view the costs.) (i) (Click the icon to view additional information.) Prepare an outsourcing analysis to determine whether Opti Systems should make or buy the switch. (For the Difference column, use a minus sign of the cost of outsourcing exceeds the cost of making the switches in-house.) Data table More info Another company has offered to sell Opti Systems the switch for $19.00 per unit. If Opti Systems buys the switch from the outside supplier, the idle manufacturing facilities cannot be used for any other purpose, yet none of the fixed costs are avoidable. Decision: make the optical switch
Decision: Opti Systems should make the optical switch in-house. The manufacturing cost per unit for Opti Systems is $15.50,
while the outside supplier offers the switch for $19.00 per unit. Since the cost of outsourcing exceeds the cost of making the switch in-house, Opti Systems would incur a higher expense by buying from the outside supplier. Additionally, the idle manufacturing facilities cannot be utilized for other purposes, meaning the fixed costs cannot be avoided. Therefore, it is more cost-effective for Opti Systems to manufacture the optical switch internally.
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a large and fundamental division within a religion is a
A large and fundamental division within a religion is a schism. Schisms occur when significant disagreements arise among members of a religious community
These divisions can be based on various factors, such as interpretations of religious texts, theological beliefs, rituals, practices, or even social and political issues. Schisms often result in the formation of distinct sects or denominations within a religion. These sects may have differing doctrines, leaders, worship styles, or organizational structures. The schism may stem from disagreements over fundamental aspects of faith, the role of religious authority, or the direction the religion should take in response to changing times or societal issues. Such divisions can have profound consequences for the religious community, as they may lead to conflicts, competition, or even hostility between the different factions.
In summary, a large and fundamental division within a religion is known as a schism. These divisions can occur due to a wide range of factors and often lead to the formation of distinct sects or denominations. Such schisms can have significant implications for the religious community, shaping its beliefs, practices, and overall identity.
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"Which of the following are considered as ERP implementation
strategies?
I Lean implementation strategy
II Phased implementation strategy
III Big bang implementation strategy
IV Parallel implementation strategy
The following options are considered as ERP implementation strategies:
I. Lean implementation strategy
II. Phased implementation strategy
III. Big bang implementation strategy
IV. Parallel implementation strategy
1. Lean implementation strategy: This strategy involves implementing the ERP system in a streamlined and efficient manner, focusing on essential functionalities and gradually adding additional features over time. It aims to minimize disruptions and quickly achieve operational benefits.
2. Phased implementation strategy: With this approach, the ERP system is implemented in phases or modules. Each phase focuses on specific functional areas or business units. It allows for a gradual and controlled rollout, enabling organizations to manage resources, mitigate risks, and address any issues before moving on to the next phase.
3. Big bang implementation strategy: In this strategy, the entire ERP system is implemented at once across the entire organization. It involves a rapid and comprehensive deployment of the system. This approach requires significant planning, preparation, and resources, but it can lead to immediate benefits and faster integration of business processes.
4. Parallel implementation strategy: This strategy involves running both the existing systems and the new ERP system simultaneously for a period of time. It allows for a direct comparison and validation of results between the two systems, ensuring data integrity and minimizing risks during the transition phase. Once the new system is deemed stable and reliable, the old systems are phased out.
These ERP implementation strategies offer different approaches to deploying an ERP system based on the organization's requirements, resources, and risk tolerance. Each strategy has its own advantages and challenges, and the selection depends on factors such as the organization's size, complexity, and readiness for change.
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BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
You are a consultant hired by Future-Proof Investments Limited (FPI Ltd). FPI Ltd is an Australian investment brokerage that specialises in ethical/sustainable investments. In 2022 FPI Ltd. is planning to expand their portfolio by investing in some Kiwi Businesses. At present they are looking at Air New Zealand and want your help in assessing its suitability for investment.
THE BRIEF:
Write a report that outlines:
A brief introduction to Air NZ.
Air NZ has identified ten goals they plan to prioritise from the UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). Undertake some research of Air NZ and analyse the extent to which they are or are not meeting goals 4 and 13 of the UN SDGs.
Based on your research of Air NZ, also analyse their long-term sustainability in relation to the three pillars of sustainability.
Identify whether you recommend that FPI Ltd should invest in Air NZ or not. Explain your recommendation based on your research and analysis. NOTE: FPI don't want to invest in a company that is engaging in 'Greenwashing', so your critical analysis is vital to them.
1500 words
This report aims to provide an analysis of the extent to which Air New Zealand is meeting goals 4 and 13 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). It also aims to analyze Air NZ's long-term sustainability in relation to the three pillars of sustainability.
The report concludes by providing a recommendation on whether FPI Ltd should invest in Air NZ or not based on the research and analysis conducted. Air New Zealand is a leading airline that is headquartered in Auckland, New Zealand. The airline operates scheduled passenger flights to over 20 domestic and 31 international destinations. Air New Zealand is the flag carrier of New Zealand and is known for its high-quality services and sustainable practices. The airline has identified ten goals that it plans to prioritize from the UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). These goals are centered around sustainability and aim to promote social and environmental responsibility.
Goal 4 of the UN SDGs is centered around quality education, ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education, and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all. Goal 13 is centered around climate action and aims to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. In terms of goal 4, Air New Zealand has undertaken various initiatives to support quality education. For instance, the airline has a partnership with the New Zealand Government to promote Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education in schools. The airline also provides scholarships to support students pursuing higher education. In terms of goal 13, Air New Zealand has made significant progress towards reducing its carbon footprint. The airline has set a goal of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 and has taken various initiatives to achieve this. For instance, the airline has invested in more fuel-efficient aircraft, implemented operational improvements, and introduced sustainable aviation fuels.
Air New Zealand's long-term sustainability can be analyzed in relation to the three pillars of sustainability. These are social, environmental, and economic sustainability. In terms of social sustainability, Air New Zealand has undertaken various initiatives to promote employee well-being, support local communities, and promote diversity and inclusion. In terms of environmental sustainability, Air New Zealand has made significant progress towards reducing its carbon footprint and has undertaken various initiatives to promote sustainable practices. In terms of economic sustainability, Air New Zealand has a strong financial position and has undertaken various initiatives to promote long-term profitability.
Based on the research and analysis conducted, it is recommended that FPI Ltd should invest in Air New Zealand. The airline has demonstrated a strong commitment to sustainability and has made significant progress towards achieving its sustainability goals. The airline's sustainable practices are not limited to just 'greenwashing', but are backed by concrete actions and initiatives. Additionally, the airline has a strong financial position and a solid track record of profitability. Overall, Air New Zealand is a suitable investment opportunity for FPI Ltd.
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Becker Bikes manufactures tricycles. The company expects to sell 410 units in May and 540 units in June. Beginning and ending finished goods for May is expected to be 125 and 90 units, respectively. June's ending finished goods is expected to be 100 units. The company's variable overhead is $5.50 per unit produced and its fixed overhead is $6,000 per month.
Compute Becker's manufacturing overhead budget for May and June. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to 2 decimal places.)
To compute Becker Bikes' manufacturing overhead budget for May and June, we need to consider the variable and fixed overhead costs. In May, with an expected sale of 410 units and ending finished goods of 90 units, the total production required would be 425 units (410 + 90 - 125).
Therefore, the variable overhead cost for May would be $2,337.50 (425 units * $5.50 per unit). The fixed overhead cost remains constant at $6,000 per month. In June, with an expected sale of 540 units and ending finished goods of 100 units, the total production required would be 550 units (540 + 100 - 90). Therefore, the variable overhead cost for June would be $3,025.00 (550 units * $5.50 per unit). The fixed overhead cost remains the same at $6,000 per month.
To calculate the manufacturing overhead budget, we need to determine the variable overhead and fixed overhead costs for each month. The variable overhead cost is calculated by multiplying the number of units produced by the variable overhead rate. In this case, the variable overhead rate is $5.50 per unit.
For May, we start with the expected sale of 410 units and add the ending finished goods of 90 units, resulting in a total production requirement of 500 units (410 + 90 - 125). Multiplying the total production requirement by the variable overhead rate of $5.50 per unit gives us a variable overhead cost of $2,337.50 (500 units * $5.50 per unit).
The fixed overhead cost remains the same at $6,000 per month, regardless of the number of units produced.
For June, we follow the same process. The expected sale of 540 units, added to the ending finished goods of 100 units, gives us a total production requirement of 550 units (540 + 100 - 90). Multiplying the total production requirement by the variable overhead rate of $5.50 per unit gives us a variable overhead cost of $3,025.00 (550 units * $5.50 per unit).
In both months, the fixed overhead cost remains constant at $6,000 per month.
Therefore, the manufacturing overhead budget for May is $8,337.50 ($2,337.50 variable overhead + $6,000 fixed overhead), and the manufacturing overhead budget for June is $9,025.00 ($3,025.00 variable overhead + $6,000 fixed overhead).
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Brand _________ refers to the degree of brand awareness, brand use and loyalty, and
overall value to the company and purchaser.
A. insistence
B. equity
C. prominence
D. leverage
E. incentive
The term that refers to the degree of brand awareness, brand use and loyalty, and overall value to the company and purchaser is brand equity.
Brand equity is a critical concept in marketing and reflects the value that a brand holds in the eyes of consumers and the marketplace. It encompasses various dimensions, including brand awareness, brand loyalty, brand associations, and perceived quality.
Brand awareness refers to the level of recognition and familiarity that consumers have with a brand. It represents the extent to which consumers can recall or recognize the brand and its attributes. Brand use and loyalty, on the other hand, reflect the degree to which consumers consistently choose and prefer a particular brand over alternatives, showcasing their loyalty and commitment to the brand.
The overall value of a brand to both the company and the purchaser is also captured within brand equity. A strong brand equity translates into several benefits for the company, such as higher market share, pricing power, and customer loyalty, which contribute to its financial performance. For purchasers, brand equity signifies the trust, reliability, and satisfaction they derive from associating themselves with a particular brand.
Therefore, brand equity plays a crucial role in shaping consumer behavior and influencing their perceptions, choices, and loyalty towards a brand.
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Currently, an industry is operating at a point where price = 20, quantity = 5, slope of the demand curve = -2, and marginal cost = 10. Accordingly, the degree of competition in this industry, as measured by the conjectural variation, equals:
A. 0.
B. ½.
C. 1.
D. 2.
The degree of competition, as measured by the conjectural variation, is the negative value of the ratio. In this case, the degree of competition is approximately -4.75. Hence, none of the given options (A, B, C, D) accurately represent the calculated conjectural variation.
The degree of competition in an industry is measured by the conjectural variation, which reflects how firms expect their competitors to respond to changes in price. It is calculated as the negative ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in price.
Given the information provided:
Price = 20
Quantity = 5
Slope of the demand curve = -2
Marginal cost = 10
To calculate the conjectural variation, we need to find the percentage change in quantity demanded and the percentage change in price.
Percentage change in quantity demanded:
[(New Quantity - Initial Quantity) / Initial Quantity] * 100
[(5 - 4) / 4] * 100
25%
Percentage change in price:
[(New Price - Initial Price) / Initial Price] * 100
[(20 - 19) / 19] * 100
5.26%
Conjectural variation = - (Percentage change in quantity demanded / Percentage change in price)
Conjectural variation = - (25% / 5.26%)
Conjectural variation ≈ -4.75
The degree of competition, as measured by the conjectural variation, is the negative value of the ratio. In this case, the degree of competition is approximately -4.75.
Therefore, none of the given options (A, B, C, D) accurately represent the calculated conjectural variation.
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Viridian Energy: Green Energy Gets Personal We commonly associate personal selling with tangible goods to tailor the marketing message to the individual consumer. such as jewelry. . not green energy. Viridian Energy sells eco- Viridian associates receive payments for each customer they responsible electricity, solar power, and natural gas. Founded recruit for each month the customer remains with the company. in 2009, it has more than 20,000 associates to promote its Despite its success, Viridian has foced challenges. In 2018, products. With more than $250 million in revenues, Viridian the firm reached a settlement with the Massachusetts Attorney has become the world's 59th largest direct selling firm. General's Office for alleged deceptive marketing tactics and Viridian's energy products are sourced from or offset by agreed to stop markefing its products door-to-door for a fworenewable energy sources. Its Pure Green electricity package year period. As it continues to evolve as a socially responis sourced from wind power. Viridian has also partnered with sible company. Viridian must ensure its promotional strategy Sungevity to provide co-branded solar energy offerings. Viridian received publicity when it announced an initiative to donate one solar power system for every 15 new residential solar installations. Associates market Viridian's green solutions to customers through personal selling, informing them about how their choice will benefit the environment. Although personal selling is the costliest form of promotion, it allows Viridian associates
1) What is Viridan doing as both part of its promotion and CSR activity?
2) Why is personal selling an effective type of promotion for Viridian Energy?
3) Suggest few promotional strategies Viridan can use after agreeing to stop door-to-door marketing for two years.
1. As part of its publicity and corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, Viridian Energy participates in several initiatives. They source or offset energy products from renewable energy sources such as wind power to provide their customers with greener options.
The firm should also partners to offer co-branded solar energy products to promote sustainable energy solutions. The company also announced a philanthropic initiative to donate one solar power system for every 15 new residential solar panels installed, demonstrating its commitment to making a positive impact on the environment.
2. Selling directly is an effective way to promote Viridian Energy because they allow direct communication and personal interaction with potential customers. Green energy is a relatively new and developing industry, and many consumers may not have extensive knowledge or awareness of renewable energy options.
Personal selling will allow employees to educate customers, address customer concerns, and tailor her marketing message to customer-specific needs. This provides an opportunity to build trust, make personal connections and communicate the environmental benefits.
3. After agreeing to halt door-to-door marketing for two years, Viridian may employ digital marketing campaigns, content marketing, influencer partnerships, community engagement and referral programs. These strategies include online advertising, creating informative content, collaborating with green influencers, participating in local events and encouraging customer testimonials.
These approaches help Viridian reach its target audience, raise awareness of green energy solutions, and maintain its commitment to sustainability.
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Yamindi was raised on a farm in the Northern Territory. While in high school, he was an active member of the local rural youth club and raised several prize animals that he sold at auction at state and local shows. He saved his earnings and by the time he finished secondary school, Yamindi had nearly $4,500 in a savings account. He was undecided whether to go on to tertiary education or use his savings in a business venture. Because of his love for animals, he believed he could successfully operate a pet warehouse store and decided to use the summer months as a trial.
During the month of October 2019, Yamindi located a small building that he could rent for $100 per month. After transferring $2,500 from his savings account to a business bank account in the name of Pet Warehouse, he paid cash out of the account for rent and the purchase of supplies. Although he would not keep a full set of accounting records, he decided to deposit all receipts from sales into the bank account and to make all payments by direct debit out of the account. In this way he would have a relatively complete record of his business activities. Yamindi also kept a daily work book in which he recorded all sales to customers.
On 1 November, Yamindi opened his warehouse to the public. During the first 3 months, he was unusually busy. Early in February he needed to make a decision on continuing the operation of the business or to enrol for the first semester at university. To help him make this important decision, Yamindi reviewed his bank account and daily sales book to determine how well he had done. The review disclosed the following.
Question: Prepare an income statement for Yamindi’s Pet Warehouse for the 3-month period from 1 November 2019 to 31 January 2020.
1. Total cash deposited in the account (including the initial $2,500 deposit) was $8,700.
2. The daily work book showed that on 31 January customers owed him $1,130 for goods supplied, which he expected to collect during February.
3. Direct debits had been made out of the account for:
(a) Rent payments, $400 for the months of November to February.
(b) The purchase of grooming equipment, $4,170. The equipment cost $4,700 and Yamindi still owed the supplier $530 on the purchase.
(c) Grooming supplies, $460. Yamindi estimated that the cost of grooming supplies on hand at 31 January was $85
(d) The payment of electricity bills for the months of November and December, $670. He had just received his bill for the month of January for the amount of $380, but had not yet paid it.
(e) Advertising paid, $1,199.
(f)
Withdrawals made by Yamindi to pay for personal expenses, $1,210.
1.
Prepare an Income statement for Yamindi’s Pet Warehouse for the 3-month period from 1 November 2019 to 31 January 2020.
2. Prepare a balance sheet as at 31 Jan 2020 and a statement of changes in equity for the 3 months period. List item that increase statement of changes in equity first. Layout your balance sheet in the account format.
Income Statement for Yamindi's Pet Warehouse
For the 3-month period from 1 November 2019 to 31 January 2020
Revenue:
Sales $8,700
Expenses:
Rent payments ($400)
Purchase of grooming equipment ($4,170)
Grooming supplies ($460)
Electricity bills ($670)
Advertising paid ($1,199)
Net loss ($1,199)
To prepare the income statement, we list the revenue and expenses incurred during the 3-month period.
Revenue:
The total cash deposited in the account, including the initial deposit, is $8,700, representing the sales made by Yamindi's Pet Warehouse.
Expenses:
Rent payments: $400 for the months of November to February.
Purchase of grooming equipment: $4,170, with an outstanding balance of $530.
Grooming supplies: $460, with an estimated ending inventory value of $85.
Electricity bills: $670 for November and December, and an outstanding bill of $380 for January.
Advertising paid: $1,199.
Net loss: Yamindi made withdrawals of $1,210 for personal expenses, resulting in a net loss.
Therefore, the income statement shows that Yamindi's Pet Warehouse incurred a net loss of $1,199 during the 3-month period.
For the balance sheet and statement of changes in equity, the information provided is not sufficient to prepare them accurately. The balance sheet requires information about assets, liabilities, and equity as of a specific date, and the statement of changes in equity requires details of equity transactions. Additional information is needed to prepare these financial statements.
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Break-Even in Sales Revenue, Margin of Safety Sports-Reps, Inc., represents professional athletes and movie and television stars. The agency had revenue of $12,300,000 last year, with total variabie costs of $6,150,000 and fixed costs of $2,150,000. Required: 1. What is the contritution margin ratio for 5 ports-Reps based on last year's data? Round your answer to two decimal places. (Express as a decimal-based amount rather than a whole percent.) What is the breakeven point in sales revenue? 2. What was the margin of safety for 5 ports-Reps last year? 3. One of 5 ports-Reps's agents proposed that the firm begin cultivating high school sports stars around the nation. This proposal is expected to increase revenue by $220,000 per year, with increased fixed costs of $108,400. Is this proposal a good idea?
1. The contribution margin ratio for Sports-Reps, Inc. based on last year's data is 50%. The breakeven point in sales revenue is $8,600,000.
2. The margin of safety for Sports-Reps last year was $3,700,000.
3. The proposed idea of cultivating high school sports stars is a good idea as it would increase revenue by $220,000 per year, outweighing the increased fixed costs of $108,400.
1. The contribution margin ratio is calculated by dividing the contribution margin (revenue minus variable costs) by the total revenue. In this case, the contribution margin is $12,300,000 - $6,150,000 = $6,150,000, and the total revenue is $12,300,000. Therefore, the contribution margin ratio is $6,150,000 / $12,300,000 = 0.50 or 50%.
To find the breakeven point in sales revenue, we need to determine the sales revenue at which the company's total costs equal its total revenue. The total fixed costs are $2,150,000, and the contribution margin ratio is 50%. Dividing the fixed costs by the contribution margin ratio gives us the breakeven point: $2,150,000 / 0.50 = $4,300,000. However, since we are looking for the breakeven point in sales revenue, we multiply the breakeven point by the contribution margin ratio: $4,300,000 * 0.50 = $8,600,000.
2. The margin of safety represents the amount by which the actual sales exceed the breakeven point. It is calculated by subtracting the breakeven point from the actual sales revenue. In this case, the margin of safety is $12,300,000 - $8,600,000 = $3,700,000.
3. The proposed idea of cultivating high school sports stars is expected to increase revenue by $220,000 per year. Since the increased revenue outweighs the additional fixed costs of $108,400, it can be considered a good idea. The net effect on profitability would be positive, resulting in higher income for the agency. However, other factors such as potential risks, competition, and long-term sustainability should also be considered before making a final decision.
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he Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) applies to the activities of:
A. Licensed real estate brokers when selling commercial and office buildings
B. Licensed securities salespeople when selling limited partnership interests
C. Lenders financing the purchase of a borrower's residence
D. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac when purchasing residential mortgages
The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) applies to lenders financing the purchase of a borrower's residence, as it aims to ensure transparency and fair practices in residential real estate transactions. Here option C is the correct answer.
The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) is a federal law in the United States that governs certain aspects of real estate transactions. It primarily focuses on residential real estate and aims to protect consumers by ensuring transparency and fair practices in the settlement process.
RESPA applies to mortgage loans secured by a borrower's primary residence or residential property with one to four units. It requires lenders to provide borrowers with certain disclosures and prohibits specific practices that could potentially inflate settlement costs or hinder fair competition.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac when purchasing residential mortgages, are government-sponsored enterprises involved in the secondary mortgage market.
While they play a significant role in the residential mortgage industry, RESPA primarily focuses on the settlement process between borrowers and lenders, so their activities would not be directly regulated by RESPA. Therefore option C is the correct answer.
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What kind of language is "tears slid down my face"? Select one: Select one: a. Abstract b. General c. Concrete d. Vague When reading over the final draft of your description, make sure Select one: Select one: a. that it is not weighed down with specific details. b. that there is a good mix of concrete and highly abstract details. c. that you haven't accidentally written a story instead of a description. d. that your description includes a lot of narrative details.
The phrase "tears slid down my face" can be categorized as a concrete language. Concrete language refers to words or phrases that describe specific, tangible, and observable things or actions.
In this case, the description of tears sliding down someone's face is a specific and tangible action that can be easily visualized.
As for the second question, given the s provided, the most appropriate choice would be "c. that you haven't accidentally written a story instead of a description." It is important to ensure that the description remains focused on conveying information and details rather than developing a narrative or storytelling elements.
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When the government intervenes to help local industry compete against foreign companies. Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility Free Trade Communism Protectionism
The term that best describes the government intervention to help local industry compete against foreign companies is "Protectionism."
Protectionism refers to the economic policy or practice of imposing restrictions on foreign trade, typically through tariffs, quotas, subsidies, or other measures, with the aim of protecting domestic industries from foreign competition. The rationale behind protectionism is to shield domestic industries from the potentially adverse effects of international competition, such as job losses or the erosion of market share.
By implementing protectionist measures, the government seeks to provide a competitive advantage to domestic industries by making imported goods relatively more expensive or less accessible compared to locally produced goods. This intervention is intended to support and nurture local industries, allowing them to grow and compete more effectively against foreign companies.
However, it's important to note that protectionism is a controversial economic approach, as it can lead to inefficiencies, reduced consumer choice, and potential retaliation from other countries, which may hinder overall economic growth and cooperation on a global scale. Different countries employ varying degrees of protectionist policies based on their economic goals and priorities.
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A manufacturer of ovens sells them for $1,830.00 each. The variable costs are $970.00 per unit. The manufacturer's factory has annual fixed costs of $2,045,000.00. Given the expected sales volume of 4,800 units for this year, what will be this year's net income?
This year's net income for the manufacturer will be $$2,083,000.00, calculated by subtracting the total variable costs and fixed costs from the total sales revenue.
To calculate this year's net income, we need to subtract the total variable costs and the annual fixed costs from the total sales revenue.
Total variable costs = Variable cost per unit × Expected sales volume
= $970.00 × 4,800 units
= $4,656,000.00
Net income = Sales revenue - Total variable costs - Annual fixed costs
= ($1,830.00 × 4,800 units) - $4,656,000.00 - $2,045,000.00
= $8,784,000.00 - $4,656,000.00 - $2,045,000.00
= $2,083,000.00
Therefore, this year's net income is $2,083,000.00.
Revenue refers to the total income generated by a business or organization from its primary activities, such as selling products, providing services, or conducting operations. It represents the inflow of funds resulting from the sale of goods or services and is a key metric for assessing financial performance.
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The Field, Brown \& Snow are partners and share income and losses equality. The partner decide to liquidate the partnership when their capital balances are as follows: Field, $131,500; Brown, $167,500; and Snow, $154,800. On May 31 , the liquidation resulted in a loss of $406,500. QS 12-13 (Algo) Part 1 1. Compute the capital account balance of each partner after the loss from liquidation is allocated. (Losses and negative capital balances, if any, should be entered with a minus sign.) Record the cash received to cover the deficit. Note: Enter debits before credits. Record the final disbursement of cash to the partners. Note: Enter debits before credits.
The capital account balance of each partner after the loss from liquidation is allocated is as follows: Field= ($4,667). Brown= $31,333. Snow= $18,633. The cash received to cover the deficit will be $45,299.The final disbursement of cash to the partners will be $394,700.
The computation of the capital account balance of each partner after the loss from liquidation is allocated is given below. The loss of $406,500 will be charged to the three partners in their income ratio which is 1:1:1.
Field= $131,500 - $136,167 = ($4,667)
Brown= $167,500 - $136,167 = $31,333
Snow= $154,800 - $136,167 = $18,633
The cash received to cover the deficit will be as follows. The field will pay $4,667 to cover the loss. Brown will pay $15,333 to cover the loss. Snow will pay $186,500 to cover the loss. Record the final disbursement of cash to the partners.
Partner Capital Cash Field ($4,667) $126,833
Brown $31,333 $131,000
Snow $18,633 $136,867
Total $45,299 $394,700.
Therefore, the capital account balance of each partner after the loss from liquidation is allocated is as follows: Field= ($4,667). Brown= $31,333Snow= $18,633. The cash received to cover the deficit will be $45,299.The final disbursement of cash to the partners will be $394,700.
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According to superior analysts, good companies are not necessarily the best investments. This is because the stocks of good companies may be under- or overpriced for a certain period of investment. In order to choose the best stocks for investment, it is worthwhile for the investors to consider either growth, defensive, cyclical or speculative companies.
Required:
Evaluate the following concepts in detail:
a. Growth companies and growth stocks.
b. Defensive companies and defensive stocks.
c. Cyclical companies and cyclical stocks.
d. Speculative companies and speculative stocks.
a. Growth companies and growth stocks:
Growth companies are those that demonstrate a high potential for substantial growth in their revenue, earnings, and market share. These companies typically operate in expanding industries or have innovative products or services that can capture a significant market share. Growth companies often reinvest their profits back into the business to fuel further expansion and development. They may prioritize expanding their customer base, investing in research and development, or entering new markets.
Growth stocks are stocks issued by growth companies. These stocks tend to have high price-to-earnings (P/E) ratios because investors expect significant future earnings growth. Investors are willing to pay a premium for growth stocks because they believe that the company's earnings will increase at an above-average rate compared to the broader market. Growth stocks can be found in various sectors, including technology, healthcare, consumer discretionary, and others.
Investing in growth stocks can be rewarding, as successful growth companies can generate substantial returns for shareholders. However, there are also risks involved. The valuation of growth stocks is often based on future expectations, making them more susceptible to market fluctuations and volatility. If a growth company fails to meet or exceed market expectations, its stock price can experience sharp declines. Therefore, investors should carefully assess the company's growth prospects, competitive landscape, and management team before investing in growth stocks.
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An investor purchases a $1,000,000 property today at an LVR of 70%. It sells for 30% more, 5 years later and selling costs are 2.5% of the sale price. Assuming neutral gearing, what is the ROE of this investment?
a.12.5%
b.14.6%
c.16.1%
d.15.3%
e.13.6%
d. 15.3% is the right response. We must take into account the initial investment, selling price, and selling costs to determine the return on equity (ROE) of the investment.
Given: Initial cost of the property: $1,000,000 70% loan-to-value (LVR) (30% equity) After five years, a property sold for 30% more. 2.5% of the sale price will go towards selling expenses. We begin by determining the equity investment: Equity investment is calculated as Initial Property Value * (1 - LVR) = $1,000,000 * (1 - 0.70) = $300,000. After that, we figure out the selling price: Selling price is calculated as Initial Property Value + 30% of Initial Property Value, or $1,000,000 + 0.30 of $1,000,000, or $1,300,000. The selling costs are then determined: 2.5% of selling costs * The selling price is equal to 0.025% of $1,300,000, or $32,500. Lastly, we determine the ROE: ROI is calculated as ($1,300,000 - $32,500 - $1,000,000) / Equity Investment ($300,000 - $32,500 - $1,000,000). With the provided options, we can determine the ROE for every option: a. ROE = (1,300,000 - 32,500 - 1,000,000) / 300,000 = 15.3% b. ROE = (1,300,000 - 32,500 - 1,000,000) / 300,000 = 15.3% c. ROE = (1,300,000 - 32,500 - 1,000,000) / 300,000 = 15.3% d. ROE = (1,300,000 - 32,500 - 1,000,000) / 300,000 = 15.3% e. ROE = (1,300,000 - 32,500 - 1,000,000) / 300,000 = 15.3%d. 15.3% is the right response.
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Garrett’s company was hemorrhaging money and losing many valuable employees through layoffs and resignations. He tried, but failed, to motivate Allison, his best employee, by discussing her next year's goals, appealing to her full potential as a professional. She told him she could not think about next year—she was worried about keeping her job this year. In accordance with Maslow's need hierarchy, why is Garrett failing to motivate Allison?
Multiple Choice
Allison seeks power more than affiliation or achievement.
Garrett is speaking to higher-level needs that Allison is not in a position to currently appreciate.
Garrett is using extinction as an approach to motivation.
Allison wants immediate satisfaction of goals related to realizing her full potential.
Garrett is speaking to lower-level needs that Allison is not in a position to currently appreciate.
According to Maslow's need hierarchy, Garrett is failing to motivate Allison because he is speaking to higher-level needs that Allison is not in a position to currently appreciate.
Here's why: Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory that explains why individuals behave the way they do in order to meet their needs. These needs are hierarchical and progressive in nature, according to this theory.
A lower-level need must be fulfilled before an individual can move on to a higher-level need.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is as follows:
physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, and self-actualization.
Allison is worried about losing her job, which suggests that her physiological and safety needs have not yet been met, so she is unable to concentrate on higher-level needs like professional development, setting goals for next year, or realizing her full potential as a professional.
As a result, Garrett is unable to motivate Allison by discussing her next year's objectives or appealing to her full potential as a professional since she is worried about keeping her job this year.
Therefore, Garrett is failing to motivate Allison by speaking to higher-level needs that Allison is not in a position to currently appreciate.
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Sara, a founder and CEO of a local logistic company, explains that her company is expanding to other provinces and that the dramatic growth in customer demand required operational offices in many other cities. This is raising many problems such as lack of cooperation, communication, and synergy between offices and between business and its customers. Some board members suggested that a significant investment in an ERP system is all she needs to control and manage the expanding business.
As a business consultant, explain what ERP system is and what advantages and disadvantages it has. Discuss if ERP implementation can solve all the operational problems of Sara’s business and if investing only in IT infrastructure fulfills all the expectations. Discuss if there are other challenges to consider.
An ERP system is a comprehensive software that integrates business processes, but it may not solve all operational problems. Investing only in IT infrastructure may overlook other important factors and challenges.
ERP, which stands for Enterprise Resource Planning, is a comprehensive software system that integrates various business processes and functions into a centralized database. It allows organizations to manage and streamline their operations, including finance, supply chain, human resources, customer relationship management, and more.
The implementation of an ERP system can bring several advantages such as improved efficiency, enhanced data visibility, better decision-making, and increased collaboration across different departments. However, it also comes with some disadvantages, including high implementation costs, complex customization, potential disruption during the transition phase, and the need for ongoing maintenance and training.
While implementing an ERP system can address many operational challenges, it may not solve all of the problems faced by Sara's expanding logistics company. While an ERP system can improve communication, coordination, and synergy between offices and customers to some extent, it does not guarantee complete resolution of all issues.
It is essential to consider the broader context and assess all relevant factors before determining if an ERP system and IT investment alone can fulfill the expectations and address the challenges faced by the company.
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Given a 12 percent return, how long will it take to triple
your investment? (time value, slide 12)
To determine how long it will take to triple an investment with a 12 percent return, we need to consider the concept of compound interest and the Rule of 72.
The Rule of 72 is a simple approximation used to estimate the time it takes for an investment to double based on a fixed interest rate.
Using the Rule of 72, we can divide 72 by the annual interest rate (in this case, 12 percent) to find the approximate doubling time. Therefore, it would take around 6 years to double the investment.
To calculate the time required to triple the investment, we can use a similar approach. Since tripling the investment is equivalent to doubling it twice, we can apply the Rule of 72 twice.
Doubling the investment takes approximately 6 years, and doubling it again would take another 6 years. Therefore, it would take around 12 years to triple the investment with a 12 percent return.
It's important to note that this calculation assumes a constant annual return of 12 percent. In reality, investment returns can vary, and factors such as compounding frequency and market fluctuations can affect the actual time it takes to triple an investment.
Additionally, this calculation does not account for taxes, fees, or other external factors that may impact the final result.
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