The financing arrangements which offers the lowest cost of credit on an effective annual basis is a bank loan with a nominal interest of 14%, with interest compounded monthly. Correct option is D.
What is effective annual rate?Effective Annual Rate or Annual Equivalent Rate (AER) or Annual Percentage Yield (APY) is the interest rate that is actually earned or paid on an investment, loan or other financial product due to the result of compounding over a given time period.
Effective Annual Rate is important for financial calculations as it gives the actual return over an investment or the actual cost of borrowing.
In order to calculate the Effective Annual Rate, we need to take into account the compounding periods over the given time period. The formula to calculate Effective Annual Rate is:
EAR = (1 + i / n) ^ n – 1
Where, i = nominal interest rate,
n = number of compounding periods.
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Fowler is expected tobpay a dividend of $1.53 one year from today and $1.68 two years from today.the company has a dividend payout ratio of 45 percent and the PE ratio is 17.55 times.if the required return on the company's stock is 10.5 percent ,what is the current stock price ?
The current stock price of Fowler is $25.51. Fowler is expected today a dividend of $1.53 one year from today and $1.68 two years from today.
To calculate the current stock price, we use the Dividend Discount Model (DDM). We first find the dividends for each year, which are $1.53 and $1.68. Then we apply the dividend payout ratio of 45% to get the retained earnings for each year. Next, we calculate the present value of the dividends using the required return of 10.5%. Finally, we divide the sum of the present values of the dividends by the PE ratio of 17.55 to find the current stock price, which is $25.51.
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Explain each of the following terms in words, without giving any formulae:
❼ crude mortality rate
❼ directly standardized mortality rate
❼ indirectly standardized mortality rate
❼ standardized mortality ratio
Crude mortality rate refers to the number of deaths occurring within a population during a specified time period, typically per 1,000 or 100,000 individuals. It provides a general measure of mortality without accounting for any differences in age or other demographic factors.
Directly standardized mortality rate is a mortality rate that takes into account the age structure of a specific population. It involves applying age-specific death rates from a standard population to the age distribution of the population of interest, providing a more accurate comparison of mortality across different populations.
Indirectly standardized mortality rate is another approach to comparing mortality rates between populations. It involves calculating the expected number of deaths based on the age-specific death rates of a standard population and applying these rates to the age distribution of the population being studied. The indirectly standardized mortality rate is then obtained by dividing the observed number of deaths by the expected number.
Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) is a measure that compares the observed number of deaths in a specific population to the expected number of deaths based on a standard population. It is calculated by dividing the observed number of deaths by the expected number and multiplying by 100. An SMR greater than 100 indicates an excess mortality rate, while an SMR less than 100 suggests a lower mortality rate compared to the standard population.
1. The crude mortality rate is a basic measure that provides an overall understanding of the number of deaths in a population, usually expressed per 1,000 or 100,000 individuals. It does not consider any demographic factors, such as age or gender, and gives a general view of mortality within a population.
2. The directly standardized mortality rate takes into account the age structure of a particular population. It involves using age-specific death rates from a standard population and applying them to the age distribution of the population of interest. This allows for a more accurate comparison of mortality rates between populations with different age distributions.
3. The indirectly standardized mortality rate is another method to compare mortality rates. It calculates the expected number of deaths based on the age-specific death rates of a standard population and applies these rates to the age distribution of the population being studied. By dividing the observed number of deaths by the expected number, the indirectly standardized mortality rate is obtained.
4. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) compares the observed number of deaths in a specific population to the expected number of deaths based on a standard population. It is calculated by dividing the observed number of deaths by the expected number and multiplying by 100. An SMR greater than 100 indicates a higher mortality rate compared to the standard population, while an SMR less than 100 suggests a lower mortality rate.
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35% of the houses in a neighborhood are split levels and 24% are ranches. there are a total of 325 houses. how many are ranches?
To find the number of houses that are ranches in the neighborhood, we need to calculate 24% of the total number of houses. First, let's find the number of split-level houses.
Since 35% of the houses are split levels, we can calculate 35% of 325 as follows: 35% * 325 = 0.35 * 325 = 113.75 Since we can't have a fractional number of houses, we can round 113.75 to the nearest whole number, which is 114. So, there are 114 split-level houses in the neighborhood. Now, let's find the number of ranch houses. Since the total number of houses is 325, and we know that 114 houses are split levels, we can subtract this number from the total to find the number of ranch houses: Total houses - Split-level houses = Ranch houses 325 - 114 = 211 Therefore, there are 211 houses in the neighborhood that are ranches.
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Tele Ltd has a beta of 1.3 and is trying to calculate its cost of equity capital. If the risk-free rate of return is 3.5 percent and the market risk premium (market return minus risk-free rate) is 4 percent, then what is the company's expected cost of equity capital?
A. 9.60%
B. 7.20%
C. 8.70%
D. 10.14%
The company's expected cost of equity capital is 9.60%.
The cost of equity capital can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which is given by the formula:
Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium
In this case, the risk-free rate is 3.5% and the market risk premium is 4%. The company's beta is 1.3. By substituting these values into the formula, we can calculate the expected cost of equity capital:
Cost of Equity = 3.5% + 1.3 * 4% = 3.5% + 5.2% = 8.7%
Therefore, the expected cost of equity capital for Tele Ltd is 8.7%, which corresponds to option C.
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When recording a $5,000 cash sale under the perpetual inventory system, where the cost of the merchandise is $3,200, include a A. debit to Inventory for $5,000 B. credit to Cost of Goods Sold for $3,200 C. debit to Cost of Goods Sold for $3,200 D. debit to Sales Revenue for $5,000
When recording a $5,000 cash sale under the perpetual inventory system, the correct entry would be a debit to Cost of Goods Sold for $3,200 and a credit to Sales Revenue for $5,000.
Under the perpetual inventory system, the cost of goods sold is recognized at the time of each sale. In this case, the cost of the merchandise sold is $3,200. To properly record the transaction, the cost of goods sold should be debited for $3,200, reflecting the expense incurred to acquire the merchandise that was sold. This expense reduces the inventory and is recognized as an expense on the income statement.
At the same time, a credit is made to Sales Revenue for the full amount of the cash sale, which in this case is $5,000. The credit to Sales Revenue reflects the revenue generated from the sale of the merchandise and increases the company's income.
By debiting Cost of Goods Sold for $3,200 and crediting Sales Revenue for $5,000, the entry properly accounts for the cost of the merchandise sold and records the revenue earned from the sale. This ensures that the income statement reflects the appropriate expenses and revenue related to the cash sale. The inventory account is not directly affected in this entry as the perpetual inventory system updates the inventory balance continuously based on individual transactions, such as purchases and sales.
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Record the following transactions on a petty cash sheet. All petty cash vouchers will be numbered sequentially, beginning with #1. Ask your instructor which of the following tax rates to use: i.No taxes ii.Add 5% GST only iii.Add 13% HST iv.Add 5% GST + 7% PST 20—Nov. 1 The fund was started with $200. 1 Bought pads of writing paper for office, $27.70 3 Paid for delivery of above stationery, $5.78 4 Bought special order of merchandise, $13.14. 4 Paid for delivery of the above special order of merchandise by courier, $5.25 5 Bought sugar and cream for staff kitchen, $4.50 (no taxes). 6 Paid for minor repairs to office furniture, $18.06. (Debit Repairs Expense) 6 Paid ABC Courier for delivering merchandise to customer, $7.35. 7 Bought packaging materials for warehouse, $28.35. 10 Paid for printing of advertising flyers, $32.55. 17 Paid for delivery of incoming merchandise, $11.98. 21 Contributed $20 to Heart & Stroke Foundation (no taxes). (b)Total all columns and prove equal debits and credits. Calculate the cash on hand. (c)Make an entry in the Cash Payments Journal to establish the fund on November 1. Cheque #130 was issued. (d)Make an entry in the Cash Payments Journal for the reimbursement of the fund on November 30. Cheque #149 was issued.
The following transactions are recorded on a petty cash sheet, including purchases, payments, contributions, and cash on hand calculations. The applicable tax rates and voucher numbering system are specified. A Cash Payments Journal entry is made to establish and reimburse the petty cash fund.
On November 1, the petty cash fund is started with an initial amount of $200. The subsequent transactions are then recorded on the petty cash sheet.
For each transaction, the relevant details such as the nature of the expense and the amount are noted, along with the corresponding voucher number. The tax rates to be applied are determined based on the provided options.
The transactions include various purchases and payments made using the petty cash fund. Some transactions involve tax calculations, such as adding GST, HST, or GST + PST to the amounts. For transactions with no taxes, the specified amounts are recorded as is.
After recording all the transactions, the columns are totaled to ensure equal debits and credits. The cash on hand is calculated by subtracting the total payments from the initial fund amount of $200.
Furthermore, entries are made in the Cash Payments Journal to establish the petty cash fund on November 1 and reimburse the fund on November 30. The entry for the establishment of the fund includes the issuance of Cheque #130, while the reimbursement entry involves Cheque #149.
In conclusion, the provided transactions are recorded on the petty cash sheet, considering tax rates and voucher numbering. The calculations of cash on hand and entries in the Cash Payments Journal are performed to establish and reimburse the petty cash fund effectively.
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Dave is contracting with Jesus to buy a custom desk for his office. Dave's value of the custom desk is $1200. At the time of contracting, Jesus doesn't know what the exact cost of building the desk will be, but expects it to have the following distribution: Dave and Jesus sign a contract where Dave will pay Jesus $1000, paid in advance, and Jesus will deliver him the desk the following month. During that month, Jesus learns what the cost of the desk will be (and can then either breach the contract or perform as promised). What are the expected social gains from the contract when reliance damages are used? (You will need to use the answer from the previous question to compute this). Round your final answer to the nearest 100 th as needed. Question 5 2 pts Suppose the courts require specific performance in the case of breach. This means that Jesus would be required to complete the desk regardless of the realized costs. What is the expected social gains from the contract in this case? Question 6 2 pts Now suppose the courts award perfect expectation damages. In the case that Jesus breaches the contract, what will be the amount of perfect expectation damages? Recall that Dave has paid Jesus in advance - this will matter in your calculation in computing the total (perfect expectation) damage payment.
The value is:
Expected social gains with reliance damages = $1100
Expected social gains with specific performance = $1100
Expected perfect expectation damages = $1000
To calculate the expected social gains from the contract when reliance damages are used, we need to consider the probabilities of breach and performance scenarios.
Expected social gains with reliance damages:
If Jesus performs as promised, the social gain would be the value of the custom desk for Dave, which is $1200. If Jesus breaches the contract, Dave's reliance damages would be the amount he paid in advance, which is $1000. Assuming a 50% probability for breach and a 50% probability for performance, the expected social gains can be calculated as follows:
Expected social gains = (Probability of performance * Social gain from performance) + (Probability of breach * Reliance damages)
Expected social gains = (0.5 * $1200) + (0.5 * $1000)
Expected social gains = $600 + $500
Expected social gains = $1100
Expected social gains with specific performance:
In this case, Jesus would be required to complete the desk regardless of the realized costs. Therefore, if Jesus performs as promised, the social gain would still be the value of the custom desk for Dave, which is $1200. The probability of performance remains 50%, so the expected social gains remain the same at $1100.
Expected perfect expectation damages:
If Jesus breaches the contract, Dave would be entitled to perfect expectation damages, which would compensate him for the total loss incurred. Since Dave has paid Jesus in advance, the perfect expectation damages would include a refund of the advance payment. Therefore, the perfect expectation damages would be the amount Dave paid in advance, which is $1000.
Expected social gains with perfect expectation damages = Perfect expectation damages = $1000
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.why should a business continue to monitor an established product?
A business should continue to monitor an established product for the following reasons: 1. Market changes. 2. Competitive Analysis. 3. Customer feedback. 4. Improvement of Product. 5. Cost Management.
A business should continue to monitor an established product for the following reasons:
1. Market changes: With time, consumer trends and market preferences change. A product that was once in high demand may become outdated. To stay relevant and adapt to changing market conditions, it is necessary to monitor established products.
2. Competitive Analysis: The product may face competition from other companies in the market. To stay competitive and retain customers, the business must monitor the product's performance and make necessary improvements to maintain a competitive edge.
3. Customer feedback: Regular monitoring of the product can help businesses get feedback from customers about the product's quality, design, and features. This feedback can help businesses identify areas for improvement, make necessary changes, and ensure customer satisfaction.
4. Improvement of Product: The business may need to improve the existing product to meet customer demands and preferences. This could include making changes to the product's design, packaging, or pricing, which can help to increase sales and profitability.
5. Cost Management: Monitoring the product can help businesses identify ways to reduce production costs, streamline production processes, and optimize inventory levels. This can help reduce operating costs and increase profit margins.
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New Steel Products has total assets of $728,572, a total asset
turnover rate of 1.58, a debt-equity ratio of 1.92, and a return on
equity of 0.26. What is the firm's net income?
New Steel Products has a net income of $124,260.81. This means that after accounting for all expenses and taxes, the company has earned a profit of $124,260.81.
To find the firm's net income, we can use the formula:
Net Income = Return on Equity * Total Equity
We need to determine the firm's total equity before we can calculate the net income. The formula for total equity is:
Total Equity = Total Assets - Total Debt
Given that the firm has a debt-equity ratio of 1.92, we can calculate the total debt as follows:
Total Debt = Total Equity / Debt-Equity Ratio
Plugging in the values, we get:
Total Debt = Total Assets / (1 + Debt-Equity Ratio)
= $728,572 / (1 + 1.92)
= $728,572 / 2.92
= $249,853.42
Now, we can calculate the total equity:
Total Equity = Total Assets - Total Debt
= $728,572 - $249,853.42
= $478,718.58
Finally, we can calculate the net income:
Net Income = Return on Equity * Total Equity
= 0.26 * $478,718.58
= $124,260.81
Therefore, the firm's net income is $124,260.81.
New Steel Products has a net income of $124,260.81. This means that after accounting for all expenses and taxes, the company has earned a profit of $124,260.81.
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the levitt corporation charter authorizes 500,000 shares of stock. this stock is referred to as
It simply provides the company with the flexibility to issue shares as needed in the future, subject to compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
The stock authorized by the Levitt Corporation charter, totaling 500,000 shares, is referred to as "authorized shares." Authorized shares represent the maximum number of shares that a company is legally allowed to issue to shareholders.
These shares are stated in the company's charter and serve as a limit or cap on the total number of shares that can be issued.
The authorization of shares does not necessarily mean that all of them have been issued or sold to investors.
It simply provides the company with the flexibility to issue shares as needed in the future, subject to compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
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The current price of a stock is 118. John buys a put option on the stock for 1.5, which expires in 6 -months with a strike price of 117 . If the risk free rate is 0.04, calculate the profit of the transaction (at time of expiration) if the stock is worth 113 in 6 months.
Calculate the profit if the stock is worth 116 in 6 months.
What John's maximum possible profit (valued at 6 months)?
1. the net profit would be 4 - 1.5 = 2.5. 2. John's maximum possible profit (valued at 6 months) would be -1.5, which occurs if the stock price is 117 or below at the time of expiration.
To calculate the profit of the transaction at the time of expiration, we need to consider the difference between the strike price and the stock price.
If the stock is worth 113 in 6 months:
Since John has a put option with a strike price of 117, he can sell the stock at a higher price than the market price.
The profit from exercising the put option would be the strike price minus the stock price: 117 - 113 = 4.
However, John paid a premium of 1.5 for the put option, so the net profit would be 4 - 1.5 = 2.5.
If the stock is worth 116 in 6 months:
In this case, the stock price is higher than the strike price, so it would not be profitable for John to exercise the put option.
Since the option expires worthless, the profit would be the negative of the premium paid: -1.5.
To calculate John's maximum possible profit at the time of expiration, we need to consider the scenario where the stock price is at its lowest value relative to the strike price.
If the stock is worth 117 or below in 6 months:
In this scenario, John can exercise the put option and sell the stock at the strike price.
The profit would be the strike price minus the stock price, which is 117 - 117 = 0.
However, John paid a premium of 1.5 for the put option, so the net profit would be 0 - 1.5 = -1.5.
Therefore, John's maximum possible profit (valued at 6 months) would be -1.5, which occurs if the stock price is 117 or below at the time of expiration.
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Scenario - Airport
Your team is responsible for managing an airport of a big city which has been having problems and you have been tasked with improving it. You have been asked to focus on the Arrivals and Departures. All you know is that passengers are not happy with the service they receive and that, as a result, the airport has been receiving a lot of bad press and loses business. This is down to several reasons but long waiting times, cleanliness, and rudeness of staff are some of the ones that have frequently been quoted.
Given the long-term implications of this, you are looking to take a strategic view before you proceed in making specific recommendations. So, you would like to explore how operations strategy can be developed in an airport situation.
Your task, therefore, is to review how decisions made at the strategic level can affect how operations work and not to develop specific recommendations.
Your role is Passenger liaison manager (the person that deals with customer complaints and is fully aware of the customer's needs)
**Identify the structural and infrastructural decisions
Explain how they can affect performance, e.g. decisions on capacity.
Structural and infrastructural decisions, such as capacity planning and staff training, have a significant impact on airport performance.
Structural and infrastructural decisions play a crucial role in shaping the operations and overall performance of an airport. One key decision is capacity planning, which involves determining the appropriate level of resources, facilities, and infrastructure needed to handle the expected passenger volume. By accurately assessing the demand and allocating the right amount of capacity, the airport can avoid overcrowding, long waiting times, and congestion, thereby enhancing the passenger experience.
Additionally, decisions regarding staff training and development are vital. Airport personnel are the frontline representatives who directly interact with passengers. Investing in comprehensive training programs that focus on customer service, communication skills, and conflict resolution can greatly improve the professionalism and behavior of the staff. Friendly and helpful staff members can create a positive atmosphere, alleviate passenger concerns, and contribute to a pleasant travel experience.
Infrastructure decisions, such as the design and layout of the airport, can also impact performance. For instance, optimizing the flow of passengers through well-designed check-in counters, security checkpoints, and boarding gates can reduce bottlenecks and waiting times. Adequate signage, clear directions, and efficient wayfinding systems can enhance navigation and minimize confusion, leading to smoother operations.
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What is the effective date of a segregated fund contract? The date on which the information folder is received The date of the first deposit The valuation date following the receipt of the first deposit The date on which the purchase form is completed and signed
The effective date of a segregated fund contract is the date of the first deposit, indicating option (b) as the correct answer.
A segregated fund contract is an investment product offered by insurance companies that combines the features of a mutual fund with the benefits of insurance. The effective date of the contract refers to the point at which the contract becomes active and begins to accumulate value.
(a) states that the effective date is the date on which the information folder is received. While the information folder provides important details about the segregated fund, it does not determine the contract's effective date.
(c) mentions the valuation date following the receipt of the first deposit. While the valuation date is relevant for calculating the value of the segregated fund, it is not the effective date.
(d) suggests that the effective date is the date on which the purchase form is completed and signed. However, the completion of the purchase form does not necessarily signify the start of the contract.
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how
can stakeholders be mapped at air canada company and how should
they be categorised
In the field of biology, living organisms are categorised into different groups based on similarities in their characteristics. This process of categorisation is known as taxonomy. The main purpose of taxonomy is to provide a systematic way of identifying, naming and classifying living organisms based on their physical and genetic similarities. The five major kingdoms of living organisms are:
1. Monera: This kingdom includes unicellular prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria. They are characterised by the absence of a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
2. Protista: This kingdom includes unicellular eukaryotic organisms such as amoebae and algae. They are characterised by the presence of a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
3. Fungi: This kingdom includes multicellular organisms such as mushrooms and yeasts. They are characterised by the presence of a cell wall and the ability to absorb nutrients from their environment.
4. Plantae: This kingdom includes multicellular organisms such as trees, flowers, and grasses. They are characterised by the presence of chloroplasts and the ability to perform photosynthesis.
5. Animalia: This kingdom includes multicellular organisms such as humans, dogs, and birds. They are characterised by the ability to move, the absence of a cell wall, and the ability to obtain nutrients from other organisms.
Each kingdom is further divided into smaller groups called phyla, classes, orders, families, genera and species, based on more specific characteristics such as morphology, genetics, physiology and ecology. This hierarchical system allows scientists to study and understand the relationships between different organisms, as well as their evolutionary history.
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Singapore has secured joint venture investments from the world's three container shipping alliances. Based on the profile of member carriers in each alliance, distinguish between the three shipping alliances by using the following customer segmentation methods (i) business volume, (ii) company size, (iii) company type, (iv) ship size, and (v) length of relationship.
Please be in-depth in the explanation of the different areas. Also, provide references/citations and examples.
The three container shipping alliances differ based on customer segmentation methods such as business volume, company size, company type, ship size, and length of relationship.
The three container shipping alliances are the 2M Alliance, Ocean Alliance, and THE Alliance. Each alliance consists of several member carriers, and their customer segmentation can be analyzed using various methods:
1. Business Volume: This refers to the amount of cargo volume handled by the member carriers. For example, the 2M Alliance, comprising Maersk Line and Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC), is known for its large business volume as they are the two largest shipping companies globally.
2. Company Size: This criterion considers the overall size of the member carriers in terms of fleet capacity, number of vessels, and market share.
3. Company Type: This segmentation method focuses on the nature and specialization of the member carriers. For example, THE Alliance comprises Hapag-Lloyd, Ocean Network Express (ONE), and Yang Ming, which are known for their expertise in specific regions or trade lanes.
4. Ship Size: This criterion considers the size and capacity of vessels operated by the member carriers. For instance, the 2M Alliance is known for its deployment of large container vessels, including the Triple-E class ships, which are among the world's largest.
5. Length of Relationship: This refers to the duration and stability of partnerships between member carriers. For example, alliances may consist of carriers that have established long-term cooperative relationships, contributing to stability and efficient operations.
These customer segmentation methods help differentiate the three shipping alliances and their member carriers based on various factors such as business volume, company size, company type, ship size, and length of relationship.
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For the demand equation, find the rate of change of price p with respect to quantity q. What is the rate of change for the indicated value of q? p= e-0.005q ; q= 200 The rate of change of price p with respect to quantity q when q= 200. Round to 5 decimal places
The rate of change of price p with respect to quantity q when q = 200 is approximately -0.00468.
Given, demand equation p = e^(-0.005q)
We are to find the rate of change of price p with respect to quantity q and when q = 200.
We are also told to round the answer to 5 decimal places.
The derivative of the demand equation with respect to q is
dp/dq = (-0.005)e^(-0.005q)
Therefore, the rate of change of price p with respect to quantity q when q = 200 is given by
dp/dq = (-0.005)e^(-0.005q)
At q = 200dp/dq
= (-0.005)e^(-0.005*200)
= (-0.005)e^(-1)
≈ -0.00468 (rounded to 5 decimal places)
Hence, the rate of change of price p with respect to quantity q when q = 200 is approximately -0.00468.
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Torvill Ltd produces just one product, the Bolero. The budget for the forthcoming year requires the product to generate a profit of £15,072, however difficult trading conditions may impact upon this.
The following information is available:
Selling price per unit £150
Direct price per unit £27
Direct labor per unit £16
Variable production costs per unit £11
Fixed production overhead for the year £42,000
Fixed selling overhead for the year £12,048
- Required:
a) Calculate the contribution to sales ratio and explain what the ratio shows. 4 marks
b) Calculate the break-even point in units and the margin of safety in percentage terms, and explain what each of these terms mean. 8 marks
c) The difficult trading conditions have resulted in the selling price decreasing by 8% and the variable costs increasing by 9.26%. What will be the new profit or loss if Torvill Ltd can sell 680 units?
a) The contribution to sales ratio is calculated as follows: Contribution to sales ratio = (contribution/selling price) × 100%Contribution = Selling price - Direct price - Direct labor - Variable production costs= £150 - £27 - £16 - £11= £96 Contribution to sales ratio = (96/150) x 100% = 64%. The contribution to sales ratio shows the percentage of sales that will contribute towards covering the fixed costs and generating profit.
b) Break-even point = (fixed costs/contribution per unit) = (42048/96) = 438 units Margin of safety = (Actual sales – Break-even sales)/Actual sales x 100%= (600 – 438)/600 x 100%= 27%Break-even point is the point at which the company’s total cost (fixed costs and variable costs) equals the company’s total sales or revenue. Margin of safety is the percentage difference between the actual sales and the break-even sales. c) The new selling price per unit = £150 – (8% of £150) = £138The new variable production costs per unit = £11 + (9.26% of £11) = £12The new contribution per unit = £138 - £27 - £16 - £12 = £83New profit or loss = Total contribution - Fixed costs= (680 x 83) - (42000 + 12048)= £10,764. The new profit or loss for Torvill Ltd will be a profit of £10,764 if they sell 680 units with the given changes in selling price and variable costs.
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Identify and explain the elasticity concepts of Singapore's
telecommunication retail market before the entry of MVNOs with
clear evidence.
The elasticity concepts in Singapore's telecommunication retail market before the entry of Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) can be identified as price elasticity of demand and price elasticity of supply.
Price of demand measures the responsiveness of consumer demand for telecommunication services to changes in price. Before the entry of MVNOs, the demand for telecommunication services in Singapore was relatively inelastic. This means that changes in price had a limited impact on the quantity demanded. Consumers had few alternatives and were less sensitive to price changes. Evidence of this can be seen in the relatively stable market shares and pricing strategies of the major telecommunication providers during that period.
Price elasticity of supply, on the other hand, measures the responsiveness of telecommunication service providers to changes in price. Before MVNOs entered the market, the supply of telecommunication services in Singapore was relatively inelastic as well. The major telecommunication providers had established infrastructure and limited competition, which made it challenging for new entrants to enter the market. This lack of supply elasticity contributed to the stability of prices and market structure.
Evidence of these elasticity concepts can be observed in historical data on pricing trends and market dynamics in Singapore's telecommunication retail market. Before the entry of MVNOs, prices remained relatively steady, with limited price competition among the major players. Market shares of the established providers were relatively stable, indicating a lack of significant shifts in demand due to price changes.
Overall, the telecommunication retail market in Singapore exhibited characteristics of price inelasticity for both demand and supply before the entry of MVNOs. Limited consumer sensitivity to price changes and a lack of supply-side responsiveness contributed to the market's stability and the dominance of the established telecommunication providers.
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1. Gordon Ltd. is a distributor of headphones. J Mart is a local retail outlet which sells headphones. J Mart purchases headphones from Gordon Ltd. at $30.00 per headphone set. Headphones are shipped in packages of 70. Gordon Ltd. pays all incoming freight, and J Mart does not inspect the headphones due to Gordon's reputation for high quality. Annual demand is 320,000 headphones at a rate of 6500 headphones per week. J Mart earns 13% on its cash investments. The purchase-order lead time is one week. The following cost data are available:
Relevant ordering costs per purchase order $125.50
Carrying costs per package per year:
2. Relevant insurance, materials handling, breakage, etc., per year $6.50 What is the economic order quantity?
a. 61.46 packages
b. 44.19 packages
c. 5.81 packages
d. 64.07 packages
The economic order quantity (EOQ) for J Mart is approximately 61.46 packages. Therefore the correct option is a. 61.46 packages.
To calculate the economic order quantity (EOQ), we need to consider the relevant cost components and use the EOQ formula. The EOQ formula is derived from balancing the ordering cost and carrying cost.
The relevant cost components are as follows:
- Ordering costs per purchase order: $125.50
- Carrying costs per package per year (including insurance, materials handling, breakage, etc.): $6.50
The EOQ formula is given by:
EOQ = √[(2 × Demand × Ordering cost per order) / Carrying cost per package per year]
Given the information provided:
Demand = 320,000 headphones per year
Ordering cost per order = $125.50
Carrying cost per package per year = $6.50
Plugging in these values into the EOQ formula:
EOQ = √[(2 × 320,000 × $125.50) / $6.50]
EOQ ≈ √[64,000,000 / $6.50]
EOQ ≈ √9,846,153.85
EOQ ≈ 3,135.39
Since headphones are shipped in packages of 70, we need to convert the EOQ from the number of packages to the number of headphone sets:
EOQ (in packages) ≈ 3,135.39
EOQ (in headphone sets) = EOQ (in packages) × 70
EOQ (in headphone sets) ≈ 3,135.39 × 70
EOQ (in headphone sets) ≈ 219,476.8
Rounding up to the nearest whole number, the economic order quantity (EOQ) for J Mart is approximately 219,477 headphone sets.
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the country with comparative advantage has more benefits from international trade in comparison with a country with absolite) advantage Existing absolute or comparative advantage creates benefit from intemationat trade, but the ahare of each oountry from the benent is related to the prices in the internatonal markets. Existing absolute or comparative advantage creates benefit from intemational trade, but it is possible that the benefis fyr a country increases after the trade and the benefits for the anolher one decreases
The distribution of these benefits between countries is influenced by various factors, including prices in the international markets.
Absolute advantage refers to a situation where a country can produce a good or service more efficiently than another country. With absolute advantage, a country can benefit from international trade by specializing in the production of goods or services in which it has an efficiency edge. Comparative advantage, on the other hand, focuses on the opportunity cost of producing a good or service. A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good or service if it can produce it at a lower opportunity cost compared to another country. By specializing in producing and exporting goods or services in which it has a comparative advantage, a country can benefit from international trade. When countries engage in international trade based on their absolute or comparative advantage, it can lead to overall gains. Both countries can benefit by focusing on producing and exporting the goods or services in which they have a relative advantage, and then importing the goods or services in which the other country has a comparative advantage. This specialization and trade allow countries to allocate resources more efficiently and enjoy a wider variety of goods and services.
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When studying how rising taxes affect the saving habits of individuals, this would be done by a macroeconomist. a) True b) False
When studying how rising taxes affect the saving habits of individuals, this would be done by a macroeconomist- b) False
When studying how rising taxes affect the saving habits of individuals, this would typically be done by a microeconomist. Macroeconomists study the behavior of the economy as a whole, including variables such as aggregate output, inflation, and unemployment. Microeconomists, on the other hand, focus on individual economic agents, such as households and firms, and analyze their behavior and decision-making processes. The impact of rising taxes on saving habits falls within the realm of microeconomics, as it involves studying the choices and responses of individual households to changes in tax policy.
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Economic growth is important because expansion in the output of goods and services
a. necessarily creates more jobs (more work for people).
b. makes it possible for individuals to consume more and achieve higher living standards.
c. leads to an increase in the general level of prices.
d. generates additional tax revenues for the government.
Economic growth is important because it enables the expansion of the output of goods and services, which in turn has various positive impacts on individuals and the overall economy.
One of the key benefits of economic growth is that it makes it possible for individuals to consume more and achieve higher living standards. As the economy grows, people have access to a wider range of goods and services, leading to an improvement in their quality of life. Economic growth can provide opportunities for increased employment, higher wages, and improved access to resources, which contribute to overall prosperity.
Additionally, economic growth often generates additional tax revenues for the government. As the economy expands, businesses and individuals generate higher incomes and profits, resulting in increased tax collections. These additional tax revenues can be utilized by the government to invest in infrastructure, public services, education, healthcare, and other areas that benefit society as a whole.
Overall, economic growth plays a crucial role in promoting societal progress by creating more opportunities, improving living standards, and generating resources for public investment and development.
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Economic growth is important because it enables the expansion of the output of goods and services, which in turn has various positive impacts on individuals and the overall economy.
One of the key benefits of economic growth is that it makes it possible for individuals to consume more and achieve higher living standards. As the economy grows, people have access to a wider range of goods and services, leading to an improvement in their quality of life. Economic growth can provide opportunities for increased employment, higher wages, and improved access to resources, which contribute to overall prosperity.
Additionally, economic growth often generates additional tax revenues for the government. As the economy expands, businesses and individuals generate higher incomes and profits, resulting in increased tax collections. These additional tax revenues can be utilized by the government to invest in infrastructure, public services, education, healthcare, and other areas that benefit society as a whole.
Overall, economic growth plays a crucial role in promoting societal progress by creating more opportunities, improving living standards, and generating resources for public investment and development.
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Andrea, an Investment Advisor (IA), constructs a portfolio for his client Maria as follows: an S&P 500 Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) as a large passive holding; and smaller holdings in a US small-capitalization equities ETF, and a European mid-capitalization equities ETF. What investment strategy is Andrea using?
Andrea is using a Core-Satellite investment strategy. The S&P 500 Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) serves as the core holding, representing a large passive investment in the overall market.
The smaller holdings in the US small-capitalization equities ETF and European mid-capitalization equities ETF are the satellite holdings, which provide exposure to specific segments of the market that have the potential for higher returns or diversification benefits. The core-satellite strategy aims to achieve a balance between market exposure and targeted investments to enhance portfolio performance.
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Walton Company has measured its quality costs for the past two years. After the company gathers its quality cost data, it summarizes those costs using the four categories shown below: Last Year This Year Prevention costs $ 371,300 $ 656,500 Appraisal costs $ 471,700 $ 599,500 Internal failure costs $ 726,800 $ 470,000 External failure costs $ 1,155,000 $ 646,000
a) For this year, calculate the cost in each of the four categories as a percent of the total cost of quality.
b) Calculate the change in total cost of quality over the two-year period.
c) Is performance trending in a favorable or unfavorable direction?
a) This year, the costs as a percent of the total cost of quality are: prevention costs 38.6%, appraisal costs 30.9%, internal failure costs 19.9%, and external failure costs 10.6%.
b) The total cost of quality has decreased by approximately $702,300 over the two-year period.
c) The performance is trending favorably as there has been a significant decrease in the total cost of quality.
a) To calculate the costs as a percent of the total cost of quality, we divide each category's cost by the sum of all four categories and multiply by 100.
For prevention costs: (656,500 / (656,500 + 599,500 + 470,000 + 646,000)) * 100 = 38.6%
For appraisal costs: (599,500 / (656,500 + 599,500 + 470,000 + 646,000)) * 100 = 30.9%
For internal failure costs: (470,000 / (656,500 + 599,500 + 470,000 + 646,000)) * 100 = 19.9%
For external failure costs: (646,000 / (656,500 + 599,500 + 470,000 + 646,000)) * 100 = 10.6%
b) To calculate the change in total cost of quality over the two-year period, we subtract the last year's total cost of quality from this year's total cost of quality.
Change in total cost of quality = (656,500 + 599,500 + 470,000 + 646,000) - (371,300 + 471,700 + 726,800 + 1,155,000) = -$702,300
c) The decrease in the total cost of quality from last year to this year indicates a favorable trend. A lower total cost of quality suggests that the company has been able to reduce costs associated with preventing, appraising, and addressing quality issues. This reduction can be seen as an improvement in the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the company's quality management system.
By minimizing internal and external failure costs, the company has likely improved customer satisfaction, reduced waste, and enhanced its reputation for delivering high-quality products or services.
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Kaminer Oil, Inc. plans to explore, develop, and produce a block in the Gulf of Mexico. They estimate it will cost $11 million to dismantle equipment and abandon the site in 20 years. If they will be able to borrow money at 6% and the present value factor is .31180. At the end of the first year, what amount will be placed as a credit in the account Asset Retirement Obligation? $__________
To determine the amount that will be placed as a credit in the Asset Retirement Obligation (ARO) account at the end of the first year, we need to calculate the present value of the future liability.
Given:
Cost to dismantle equipment and abandon the site in 20 years = $11 million
Interest rate (borrowing rate) = 6%
Present value factor = 0.31180
To calculate the present value of the liability, we can use the formula:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Periods
Present Value = $11 million / (1 + 0.06)^20
Present Value = $11 million / (1.06)^20
Present Value = $11 million / 1.348121
Present Value = $8,158,727.59 (rounded to the nearest dollar)
Therefore, the amount that will be placed as a credit in the Asset Retirement Obligation (ARO) account at the end of the first year is $8,158,727.
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A factor(s) in establishing a required rate of return include: Opportunity cost involved The company's own cost of capital All of the above None of the above
All of the above. The factors in establishing a required rate of return include the opportunity cost involved and the company's own cost of capital.
The opportunity cost represents the return that could be earned from the next best alternative investment with similar risk. It reflects the foregone potential gains by choosing one investment over another. Assessing the opportunity cost helps in determining the minimum acceptable return for an investment. The company's own cost of capital refers to the cost of obtaining funds for investment projects. It incorporates both the cost of debt (interest rates on loans) and the cost of equity (required return on shareholders' investment). The cost of capital reflects the risks associated with the company's operations and its financing structure.
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Ms Rose Bloom wishes to have a bank balance of $600,000 when she retires in 10 years’ time. BankEast is offering an interest rate of 6.50% compounded monthly on 10-year term deposits. How much must Ms Bloom deposit in a BankEast term deposit today to reach her retirement goal?
To calculate the amount Ms. Rose Bloom must deposit in a BankEast term deposit today, we can use the formula for the future value of a compounded investment:[tex]FV = PV * (1 + r/n)^(n*t)[/tex]
FV = Future value (desired bank balance at retirement, $600,000)PV = Present value (amount to be deposited today)r = Interest rate per period (6.50% per year)n = Number of compounding periods per year (monthly compounding, so n = 12)t = Number of years (10 years)We want to solve for Present Value, so we rearrange the formula:[tex]PV = FV / (1 + r/n)^(n*t)[/tex]
Now we can plug in the values and calculate:
PV = $[tex]600,000 / (1 + 0.065/12)^(12*10)[/tex]PV = $[tex]600,000 / (1 + 0.0054167)^(120)[/tex]PV = $[tex]600,000 / (1.0054167)^(120)[/tex]PV ≈ $[tex]257,707.32[/tex]Therefore, Ms. Rose Bloom must deposit approximately $[tex]257,707.32[/tex] in a BankEast term deposit today to reach her retirement goal of $[tex]600,000[/tex] in 10 years' time.
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Explain how the business plans to ensure service for this specific geographic opportunity year-round, specifically addressing the business’s plan to maintain service continuity and meet the expectations and demands of customers, including peak service demands and increased package and stop volumes.
To ensure year-round service and meet customer demands, the business will maintain infrastructure, optimize operations, understand customer preferences, and prioritize exceptional customer service, enabling it to handle peak volumes effectively.
The business plans to ensure year-round service for the specific geographic opportunity by implementing several strategies. Firstly, it will maintain service continuity by investing in a robust infrastructure that includes an efficient fleet of vehicles, well-maintained facilities, and advanced logistics systems. This will help minimize disruptions and ensure smooth operations throughout the year.
To meet the expectations and demands of customers, the business will adopt a proactive approach. It will conduct regular market research and analysis to identify peak service demands and customer preferences. By understanding the specific needs of customers in this geographic area, the business can tailor its services to effectively meet those demands.
To handle increased package and stop volumes, the business will optimize its operational processes. This may include implementing scalable technology solutions, hiring additional staff during peak periods, and implementing efficient routing and scheduling systems. By leveraging technology and strategic resource allocation, the business can efficiently handle higher volumes without compromising service quality.
Additionally, the business will focus on building strong customer relationships and providing exceptional customer service. It will prioritize timely and accurate communication with customers, offer flexible delivery options, and promptly address any issues or concerns. By consistently meeting and exceeding customer expectations, the business can build customer loyalty and maintain a strong reputation in the market.
Overall, the business's plan to ensure service continuity and meet customer expectations involves investing in infrastructure, understanding customer demands, optimizing operational processes, and delivering excellent customer service. These strategies will enable the business to provide reliable year-round service and successfully cater to peak service demands and increased package and stop volumes.
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Oriole Comparty is considering a capital irvestment of $180,900 in additional productive facilities. The new machinery is expected to have a useful life of five years with no salvage value. Depreciation is by the straight-line method. During the life of the investment, annual net income and net annual cash flows are expected to be $19,899 and $67,000, respectively. Oriole has a 12% cost of capital rate, which is also the minimum acceptable rate of return on the imvestment. (a) Calculate (1) the cash payback period and (2) the annual rate of return on the proposed capital expenditure (Round cash partiock periad to 1 decimal ploce, es. 15.1 and onneial rate of return to 2 decimal places, es. 15.12\%) eTextbook and Media Attempts: 0 of 3 used (b) The parts of this question must be completed in order. This part will be wailable when you complete the part above.
The cash payback period for the investment is approximately 2.70 years, and the annual rate of return is approximately 11.00%.
The capital investment being considered by Oriole Company is $180,900 for additional productive facilities. The investment has a useful life of five years with no salvage value. The company has a 12% cost of capital rate, which serves as the minimum acceptable rate of return. The annual net income is expected to be $19,899, and the net annual cash flows are projected to be $67,000.
a) Cash Payback Period:
To calculate the cash payback period, we divide the initial investment by the net annual cash flow:
Cash Payback Period = Initial Investment / Net Annual Cash Flow
Cash Payback Period = $180,900 / $67,000
Cash Payback Period ≈ 2.70 years
b) Annual Rate of Return:
To calculate the annual rate of return, we divide the average annual net income by the initial investment and multiply by 100:
Average Annual Net Income = Net Income / Useful Life
Average Annual Net Income = $19,899 / 5
Annual Rate of Return = (Average Annual Net Income / Initial Investment) * 100
Annual Rate of Return = ($19,899 / $180,900) * 100
Annual Rate of Return ≈ 11.00%
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The Performance Appraisal After spending several weeks on the job, Jennifer (the daughter of the owner) was surprised to discover that her father (Jack) had not formally evaluated any employee s performance for all the years that he had owned the business. Her father told her he had a hundred higher-priority things to attend to, such as boosting sales and lowering costs, and, in any case, many employees didn't stick around long enough to be appraisable anyway. Furthermore manual workers such as those doing the pressing and the cleaning did periodically get positive feedback in terms of praise from Jack for a job well done, or criticism, if things did not look right during one of his swings through the stores. Similarly, Jack was never shy about telling his managers about store problems so that they, too, got some feedback on where they stood. This informal feedback notwithstanding, Jennifer believes that a more formal appraisal approach is required. She believes that there are criteria such as quality, quantity, attendance, and punctuality that should be evaluated periodically even if a worker is paid on piece rate. Furthermore, she feels quite strongly that the managers need to have a list of quality standards for matters such as store cleanliness, efficiency, safety, and adherence to budget on which they know they are to be formally evaluated. Questions 1. What is the performance appraisal method used by Jennifer's father(Jack)? Marks 5 2. Develop a performance appraisal method for the i. workers and Marks 5 ii. managers in each store. Marks 5 , Project layout, clarity, neatness
The performance appraisal method used by Jennifer's father, Jack, is an informal and unstructured approach based on periodic feedback and praise/criticism from Jack himself during his visits to the stores.
Jennifer's father, Jack, does not have a formal performance appraisal system in place. Instead, he relies on informal feedback and occasional praise or criticism to provide evaluation to employees. He believes that the priority of the business lies in other areas such as boosting sales and lowering costs, and that many employees do not stay long enough to warrant formal appraisals.
To develop a performance appraisal method for workers and managers in each store, the following approaches can be implemented:
i. For workers: Implement a performance appraisal method based on objective criteria such as quality, quantity, attendance, and punctuality. This can involve setting specific performance targets for each worker and periodically assessing their performance against these targets. Additionally, consideration should be given to workers who are paid on a piece-rate basis, ensuring that their productivity and quality of work are evaluated fairly.
ii. For managers: Establish a performance appraisal method that includes a list of quality standards related to store cleanliness, efficiency, safety, and adherence to budget. Managers should be provided with clear performance expectations and periodically evaluated based on their ability to meet these standards. This can involve regular assessments, feedback sessions, and performance discussions with higher-level management.
It is important to design the performance appraisal methods in a structured and systematic manner, ensuring that they are fair, objective, and transparent. Clear criteria, specific targets, and regular evaluations will help provide employees with a clear understanding of their performance expectations and contribute to their professional growth and development. The project layout, clarity, and neatness of the performance appraisal documentation should also be considered to maintain professionalism and effectiveness in the appraisal process.
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