Osteoporosis is the term for a reduction in bone mass that is large enough to compromise the normal function of bone.
Osteoporosis is a disease that reduces bones to the point where they break easily like bones in the hip, backbone (spine), and wrist. Osteoporosis is called a “silent killer disease” because you may not notice any changes until a bone breaks. In this situation bone mineral density and bone mass decreases, or the quality and structure of bone changes. This can lead to a decrease in bone strength that can increase the risk of fractures. It causes your bones to become thin and weak. They are at greater risk for breaking. A broken bone may happen even from falling from a standing position.
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During the loading of tbp, what event displaces the binding of tafs 11 and 13 from one of the stirrups of tbp?
The DNA kink of 80˚ is induced by tight binding of TBP which ultimately displaces the binding of TAFs 11 and 13.
What is TBP associated factor?The protein which bind to TATA-binding protein during the initiation transcription is called as TAFs are the component of TFIID multimeric protein complex which is a transcription initiation factor .
The key component of transcription initiation machinery, and play a role in core promoter recognition, assembly of the pre-initiation complex
These have a signature domain named N-terminal histone-like fold domain (HFD).
Hence, DNA kink of 80˚ is induced by tight binding of TBP
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A research group is looking for a way to use spider silk, valued for its high tensile strength, to make extremely strong ropes, but spiders only produce small amounts of silk. they have isolated the gene and have inserted it into cows to produce the silk protein in their milk where the scientists can collect it in large quantities. what is this process called? a. bioreaction b. transgenics c. artificial selection d. recombination
Option (B) Transgenics is the correct answer.
Transgenics involves one or more DNA sequences being artificially introduced into an organism that wouldn't usually have them.
What is Transgenics?The term "transgenic" refers to organisms with modified genomes.For scientific investigation, most transgenic organisms are produced in laboratories. A particular gene of interest is disabled in transgenic mice called "knock-out" mice. Researchers can learn more about the normal operation of the gene by researching its consequences.It is possible to alter the genomes of living things with contemporary genetic technology. The term "genetic engineering" also applies to this method.Additionally, commercial uses for transgenic organisms have been created. Food crops like soy and peas that have undergone genetic modification to become resistant to pesticides and herbicides are probably the most well-known examples.Hence, Transgenics entails the artificial introduction of one or more DNA sequences into an organism that wouldn't typically contain them.
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_____ is any material added to the atmosphere that harms organisms, affects the climate, or impacts structures.
Air pollution is any material added to the atmosphere that harms organisms, affects the climate, or impacts structures.
What is air pollution?As a result of the presence of compounds in the atmosphere that are hazardous to human health and the health of other living things, or that impair the climate or materials, air pollution is the contamination of the air. Air contaminants come in a variety of forms, including gases, particles, and biological substances.An air pollutant is any substance, whether chemical, physical, or biological, that modifies the atmosphere's inherent qualities. Indoor and outdoor air pollution are both possible. Motor cars, industrial processes, home combustion appliances, and forest fires are some common sources of air pollution. Air pollution happens when harmful gases and chemicals are released into the atmosphere.Particulate matter, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide are some of these contaminants.Learn more about air pollution here:
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difference between mounting and staining
Answer:
Explanation:
As verbs the difference between mounting and staining is that mounting is while staining is . As an adjective mounting is that continues to mount; steadily accumulating. As a noun mounting is something mounted; an attachment.
There are various difference between mounting and staining:
a) Mounting is the last procedure in the series that ends with permanent histological preparation on the table and staining is done to increase the contrast between the organism and the background so that they are more easy to see under the microscope .
What are the techniques of mounting?
Mounting means placing specimens or sample on a glass slide to observe under the microscope .
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which of the following statements about cpr is not true
A.immediate compression only cpr
Why is aquatic animal respiratory system is different from ours?
The aquatic animal's respiratory system is different from the human respiratory system because the aquatic animals have gills while the human has lungs.
What is respiratory system?The respiratory system is one of the major systems of the body that helps in the intake of oxygen and removal of carbondioxide as waste products from the body.
The aquatic animals are those animals that live, reproduce and survive in the water while human survive in the terrestrial ecosystem.
Due to the difference in the ecosystem existing between the aquatic animals and humans, they have different respiratory system that functions differently too.
The aquatic animals possess gills which can absorb oxygen from water while the human has lungs which allows the diffuser of oxygen with release of carbon dioxide.
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The respiratory systems of aquatic animals differs from ours aquatic animals are adapted to absorb oxygen from the water they filter while we human diffuse air which is more easier and efficient
This goes to say that our respiratory system is more efficient to use than that of aquatic animals
What is respiration?Respiration can simply be defined as ability of living organisms to exchange of gases between itself and its environment.
There are two major types of respiration which occurs in living organisms. These are:
Aerobic respirationAnaerobic respirationSo therefore, the respiratory systems of aquatic animals differs from ours aquatic animals are adapted to absorb oxygen from the water they filter while we human diffuse air which is more easier and efficient
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True or false
All cells have a nucleus that acts as a command center for the cell.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
it's called the nucleus because that is where the instructions reside for the proteins necessary for cellular functions and for the building blocks of the cellular components
The statement is true for all eukaryotic cells because prokaryotes lack a well-organized nucleus.
The nucleus is called the command center for the cells because it contains the DNA or genes.
The DNA stores the genetic information, which is necessary for building up the cells and their components.
The DNA can be considered a blueprint for the cell. The genes are organized in long linear DNA molecule which is stored inside the nucleus.
The DNA is stored compactly with the help of histone proteins, which helps store the two meters of DNA in a single cell.
The complex genetic information of the cell is stored in the nucleus, and therefore the nucleus is called the command center for the cell.
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The ____________ collect bile produced in the hepatic lobules and deliver it to the hepatic ducts on their way to the ____________ for storage
The bile ductules collect bile produced in the hepatic lobules and deliver it to the hepatic ducts on their way to the gall bladder for storage.
Bile produced by the liver cells is gathered by a network of ducts that exit the liver through the right and left hepatic ducts. The common hepatic duct is where these channels ultimately empty. The common bile duct is created when the gallbladder's cystic duct and the common hepatic duct combine.
Bile, a substance made up of fluid, fat, and cholesterol, is kept in the gallbladder. Your intestines need bile to break down fat from diet. The small intestine receives bile from the gallbladder. Numerous digestive fluids and hormones, including insulin, are produced by this organ.
Therefore, The bile ductules collect bile produced in the hepatic lobules and deliver it to the hepatic ducts on their way to the gall bladder for storage.
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Structure b is a _____. transport protein solute phospholipid solvent water molecule
The correct option is (a) transport protein.
A protein that moves other elements within an organism is referred to as a transport protein. All living organisms require transport proteins for growth and survival. Transport proteins come in a variety of varieties. Transport proteins that participate in assisted diffusion include channel proteins, gated channel proteins, and carrier proteins.
To carry molecules across the plasma membrane, transport proteins work in both active and passive transport. The plasma membrane has two main groups of transport proteins, and each one facilitates the passage of water-loving molecules.
Therefore, The correct option is (a) transport protein.
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Can you make electricity out of lemons?
Answer: Yes and no. You can use a lemon as a battery to generate electricity, but you cannot "make" electricity out of a lemon.
Explanation: Lemons have citric acid, and acids typically are very grateful and open to receiving electrons. So, if you have good conductors like copper and zinc, the acid will react with the zinc and loosen the electrons allowing them to move towards the copper.
TA-DA. You've just created a battery (a rather weak one) out of a lemon.
I feel like this is more of a chemistry question rather than a biology one, but nevertheless, I hope this helped.
Many human cells divide a finite number of times before going into permanent arrest, a phenomenon called ____________________ which appears to be caused by the loss of telomeres.
Many human cells divide a finite number of times before going into permanent arrest, a phenomenon called Hayflick’s Phenomenon, which appears to be caused by the loss of telomeres.
Hayflick limit or Hayflick’s phenomena is defined as the number of times a normal cell population divides before entering the senescence phase.
Hayflick (1961) demonstrated that a population of normal human fetal cells divide in culture between 40 and 60 times before stopping.
This phenomenon is related to telomere length. Repeated mitosis leads to shortening of the telomeres on the DNA of the cell. Telomere shortening in humans eventually makes cell division impossible, and correlates with aging.
Telomeres are irrevocably shortened each time a cell divides. When the telomeres become too short, the cell can no longer divide.
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What conditions are necessary in order to use a t-test to test the differences between two population means?.
Each member of the first sample must be paired with a member of the second sample, and both samples must be drawn at random from a normal population.
What prerequisites must be met in order to utilize the t test to compare two population means?The samples are separate and at random. It is unknown what the population standard deviations are. Either the populations are regularly distributed or both samples have sample sizes of at least 30.
Which prerequisite must be satisfied for the two sample t test to be run?Hypotheses for the two-sample t test
A valid test requires independent data values. One observation's measurements have no bearing on any other observation's measurements. Each group's data must be collected from the population using a random sampling.
What are the t-test's underlying basis?The scale of measurement, random sampling, normality of data distribution, appropriate sample size, and equality of variance in standard deviation are some of the frequent presumptions made while conducting a t-test.
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What physical feature of the human eye lends imporant support to the trichromatic therory of color vision?
The various types of cones in the retina is physical feature of the human eye lens is important to support the trichromatic theory of color vision.
What is trichromatic theory?Trichromatic refers to something with three colors because the prefix "tri" implies three and the root "chroma" means color.According to the trichromatic hypothesis of color vision, the retina contains three distinct color receptors. The retina's cones are responsible for providing color vision.According to this view, the cones are sensitive to the hues of green, blue, and red. Eyes can distinguish between millions of different colors when these colors are blended.Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz were the ones who first put out this notion. Thomas Young was the first to postulate the existence of three color receptors in human eyes, each of which is sensitive to a different range of light wavelengths: short, medium, and long.Hermann von Helmholtz conducted a number of experiments to test the hypothesis decades later and discovered it to be accurate.The Young Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory is hence another name for the theory.Learn more about trichromatic theory here
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Which of the following is
MOST difficult to regulate?
A. liquid waste (effluent) leaving a factory
B. liquid waste (effluent) leaving a power plant
C. runoff from agricultural lands
D. water leaving a sewage treatment plant
It is difficult to regulate liquid waste (effluents) leaving a factory, as there is no means of containment and remediation is difficult.
A. liquid waste (effluents) leaving a factoryHow are liquid effluents generated in industries?Industrial Effluents, on the other hand, will have their generation linked to the typology and the industrial process, in this way, all the water that was not lost through evaporation, infiltration and that ends up left over from the production process, that is, that is not incorporated into the final product, ends up becoming effluent.
How is waste generated by industries disposed of?The most used treatments for this type of waste are the aerobic and anaerobic process, which use biological agents, such as
bacteriaalgae and protozoato degrade the organic matter of the effluents.
With this information, we can conclude that Industrial waste is a wide variety of leftovers, waste or remains originating from manufacturing activities.
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What is the expected outcome on regional precipitation as a result of global warming?
A Final statement or concluding statement
Mid-latitude dry zones will get drier while tropically wet parts will get wetter. Even in locations where the total amount of precipitation is expected to decrease, heavy precipitation events will probably occur more frequently. Depending on the location, heavy downpours, which currently happen around once every 20 years, are predicted to happen twice as frequently to five times more frequently by the year 2100.
Why precipitation is affected by global warming?Precipitation intensity and frequency can be impacted by climate change. Oceans that are warmer cause more water to evaporate into the atmosphere. More severe precipitation, such as heavier rain and snowstorms, can result from more moisture-laden air moving over land or converging into a storm system.
1 Crop loss, soil erosion, and an increase in flood danger owing to heavy rainfall (see the River Flooding indicator) are all possible results of heavy precipitation, which can then result in accidents, drownings, and other flooding-related health effects.
2 Additionally, because pollutants left on the land wash into water bodies during precipitation, runoff can harm water quality.
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What is the molarity of an aqueous solution that is 6. 75% glucose C6H12O6 by mass? Density of solution is 1. 03 g/ml. Also calculate the molality as well.
The molarity of an aqueous solution that is 6.75% glucose (C6H12O6) by mass is 3.86 M. The molality of the solution is 0.402m.
Now, an aqueous solution that is 6.75% glucose (C6H12O6) by mass means that 6.75g of glucose is dissolved in 93.25g of water resulting in a 100g solution.
Molar mass of C6H12O6 = 6x12 + 12x1 + 6x16
=72 + 12 + 96 = 180
No. of moles (n) of solute (C6H12O6) = Given mass / Molar mass
= 6.75 / 180 = 0.0375
Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution.
Molarity = Moles of solute / Volume of solution in liter
= 0.0375 / [tex]\frac{1}{103}[/tex] = 3.86M
Molality (m) is defined as the number of moles of the solute per kilogram (kg) of the solvent and is expressed as:
Molality = Moles of solute / Mass of solvent in kg
= 0.0375 / [tex]\frac{93.25}{1000}[/tex] = 0.402m
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What term designates foods that contain nonnutrient substances which may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition?
Term designates foods that contain non nutrient substances which may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition are called functional food .
Functional foods are foods that may have a positive effect on health beyond basic nutrition. Supporters of functional foods say that these foods can support optimal health and may help lower the risk of disease. One common example of a functional food is oatmeal.
Functional foods is the term that defines foods that contain non nutrient substances whose known action in the body is to promote well-being to a greater extent than that contributed by the food's nutrients. Functional foods provide a health benefit beyond basic nutrition, includes conventional foods, fortified, enriched, enhanced foods and dietary supplements.
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In the light reactions, pigment molecules in photosystems capture photons of light, and energy from light becomes stored as potential energy in ______.
In the light reactions, pigment molecules in photosystems capture photons of light, and energy from light becomes stored as potential energy in ATP and NADPH.
What is light reaction?The photosynthetic mechanism known as the "light reaction" transforms solar energy into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP.The production of NADPH and high-energy ATP molecules occurs during the light-dependent stage, in which chlorophyll absorbs light energy. This excitation of some pigment-molecule electrons to higher energy levels causes them to leave the chlorophyll and move through a succession of molecules.The photolysis reactions, also referred to as light reactions, transform solar energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.The thylakoid membranes of organelles called chloroplasts are where the light reactions occur. The light reactions are largely controlled by photosystems, sizable complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are designed to capture light.
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____________ is routinely offered to all older pregnant women for early detection of chromosomal abnormalities.
Amniocentesis is routinely offered to all older pregnant women for early detection of chromosomal abnormalities.
A prenatal test called amniocentesis can identify genetic diseases (such as Down syndrome and spina bifida) and other health problems in an unborn child. A tiny amount of amniotic fluid from inside your uterus is extracted using a needle by a healthcare professional, and the sample is subsequently examined in a lab for particular diseases.
Typically, amniocentesis is fairly risk-free. The test does, however, include certain hazards. You'll need to balance the hazards and advantages of finding out if your kid might have a problem. There is a possibility that the test could result in a miscarriage for you.
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What is the most important factor in explaining why osmosis occurs spontaneously?
A gardener uses a chemical to kill the bacteria in the soil of his flowerbed. how will this plan affect the growth of his flowers? a. the flowers will grow better because the bacteria fix oxygen for the flowers. b. the flowers will not grow as well because bacteria are needed to fix nitrogen. c. the flowers will grow better because the bacteria are harmful to the flowers. d. the flowers will not grow as well because the bacteria eat the dead roots.
The flowers will not grow as well because bacteria are needed to fix nitrogen
Numerous plants have symbiotic interactions with bacteria, which provide them with essential nutrients like nitrates. His flowers' growth will be limited and they can even perish if all the bacteria are gone.
What are Good bacterias ?Friendly bacteria or good bacteria can help plants grow by helping the plants to obtain nutrients such as phosphorous and nitrogen, or by defending the plants from other microbes that can make them sick.
Beneficial good bacteria for plants produce chemicals and hormones that stimulate growth. Beneficial bacteria help prevent infections from pathogens by coating the root surfaces and triggering svstemic disease resistance.By this way the use of bacteria killing chemical will all kill good bacteria which helps plant growth.Learn more about Good bacteria here:
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The _____ approach to psychology links psychological processes to activities in the brain.
The behavioural neuroscience approach to psychology links psychological processes to activities in the brain.
This field typically looks at the neurotransmissions in the brain and the psychological processes connected to biological activity. It is a more comprehensive, up-to-date version of physiological psychology and includes a variety of subjects, such as neuropsychology, learning and memory, motivation and emotion, and sensory processes, as well as the genetic and molecular biological underpinnings of behaviour.
By improving our knowledge of how to evaluate, comprehend, predict, enhance, and manage human behaviour, behavioural neuroscience research studies equip us with the means to handle a wide range of societal problems.
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Describe how ADH affects the kidney tubules to bring about the relationship
The Antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ) affects the kidney tubules tp bring about the reabsorption of water in the glomerular filtrate.
Thus, the Antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ) also play a vital role in the kidney in homeostasis
What is homeostasis?Homeostasis can simply be defined as the steady maintenance of the internal environment of an organism. Living organisms usually find a way to balance any low or high concentration of substances in the internal environment
Below are what makes up the internal environment of an organism:
BloodLymphIntercellular fluidsSo therefore, cell structures involved releases glucagon to raises the blood glucose levels when the glucose levels in the blood is low
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When working to diagnose a superficial bacterial infection, the procedure most likely used is a(n) ________.
When working to diagnose a superficial bacterial infection, the procedure most likely used is a culture and sensitivity .
A culture is a test to find germs (such as bacteria or a fungus) that can cause an infection. A sensitivity test checks to see what kind of medicine, such as an antibiotic, will work best to treat the illness or infection. when bacteria's are Susceptible it means they can't grow if the drug is present. This means the antibiotic is effective against the bacteria. Resistant means the bacteria can grow even if the drug is present. This is a sign of an ineffective antibiotic. Intermediate means a higher dose of the antibiotic is needed to prevent growth.
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During inhalation, the ribs are pulled outwards and upwards by which group of skeletal muscles?
Intercostal muscles and the superior serratus posterior muscles will act to pull the ribs outwards and upwards by which group of skeletal muscles during inhalation.
Dome shaped sheet like structure of muscles that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen is the most important muscle used for breathing in like inhalation and exhalation . The process of breathing out is passive when a person is not exercising.
Thoracic muscles which are raising the rib-cage are external intercostal muscles.The muscles of respiration are the muscles that contribute to inhalation and exhalation by aiding in the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity.
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What would happen if everyone ate raw food only?
Answer: they would have diarrhea, stomach cramps, vomiting, and a fever.
Explanation:
In response to a state of shock, what mechanisms does the sympathetic nervous system utilize in the four distinct stages to help correct the lack of perfusion? select all that apply.
Answer:
Increase in heart rate.
Increase in respiratory rate.
What is a sympathetic nervous system?
The peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system are the two primary divisions of the human nervous system, as shown in the image below.
Two additional parts make up the peripheral nervous system. Skeletal muscle movement that is voluntary is controlled by the somatic nervous system. The somatic nervous system is at action when you choose to bring your coffee cup to your lips; it is doing so by engaging the necessary muscles. The autonomic nervous system, which regulates functions outside of our conscious awareness, is the second part of the PNS.
The parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system are additional divisions of the autonomic nervous system (which you are interested in). They have negative consequences on one another, to put it very broadly. While the parasympathetic neural system largely works to calm the body, the sympathetic nervous system often stimulates the body. Although this is a streamlined perspective, it might be helpful to think about it this way.
The sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system speeds up heartbeat, slows down digestion, opens up airways in the lungs to allow for greater airflow, triggers the liver to release glucose, and relaxes the bladder. All of this wakes up the body and gets it ready to "fight."
The parasympathetic division, in contrast, slows the heart rate, tightens the bronchi in the lungs, and boosts blood flow to the digestive system. The phrase "relax and digest" has been used to describe it.
The parasympathetic nervous system's nerves originate from the brainstem and spinal cord, as shown in the diagram. The "ganglia" (collections of cell bodies) of the sympathetic nervous system, however, exist beyond the spinal cord.
It's interesting to note that whereas the sympathetic nervous system activates the body using both acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE), the parasympathetic nervous system solely needs ACh to affect organs.
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve systems are autonomic, which means we typically have minimal control over them.
The energy required to maintain essential body functions, such as staying alive, awake, and warm is known as?
Answer:
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Explanation:
You are observing proteins in a lab for an experiment. During transport, they have started to unwind and lose their shape.You notice long strands wound into alpha helices. What level of structure are the proteins in?
The level of the structure is the proteins in the secondary.
What is the structure of secondary?A polypeptide chain's adjacent amino acid residues are arranged in regular patterns in space, known as secondary structure. It is kept in place by hydrogen bonds between the amide hydrogens and the peptide backbone's carbonyl oxygens. Helixes and structures are the two main secondary structures.Local regions of proteins can be organized into one of three three-dimensional configurations: alpha helices (-helix), beta sheets (-strand), or omega loops. The alpha helix is the most prevalent secondary protein shape because it is stable and low-energy.The interaction of amino acids with every backbone NH hydrogen bound with the backbone C=O group of the corresponding amino acid residue in the polypeptide chain results in the- helix formation. The- helix motif is particularly prevalent in transmembrane regions of proteins that traverse the lipid bilayer.You are observing proteins in a lab for an experiment. During transport, they have started to unwind and lose their shape.
The level of the structure is the proteins in the secondary.
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For photosynthesis in green plants, the electron donor for the light-dependent reaction is?
For photosynthesis in green plants, the electron donor for the light dependent reaction is water.
What are the events during light dependent reaction?During photosynthesis, the light dependent reactions occur in the thylakoids. The electrons are provided by the breakdown of water.Within the thylakoid membrane, chlorophyll captures energy from the sun in the form of photons and breakdown the water molecules producing energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.Chlorophyll pigment is present in both Photosystem I (PS I) and Photosystem II (PS II) which are also known as light harvesting complexes.Light reactions begin with the excitation of electron in chlorophyll of PS II by sunlight. This excited electron leaves the chlorophyll and travels via electron transport chain.To fill the void created by the loss of an electron, PS II drives an electron by splitting of water molecule.Learn more about light-dependent reaction here:
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