The pH of the diprotic acid H2Y is =
6.15 × 10-17
Calculation of pHA diprotic acid is a type of acid that contains two hydrogen atoms in its molecules which has the ability to be replaced when involved in a chemical reaction.
A weak diprotic acid is the type of acid that yields hydronium ions and bicarbonate ions in small amounts when involved in a chemical reaction.
The pH is defined as the degree of how acidic or how basic a substance is when measured against a scale.
The Ka1 of the weak diprotic acid = 6.9x10-5
The Ka2 of the weak diprotic acid = 5.4x10-12
Using the formula;
pH = (pKa1 + pKa2)/2
pH = (6.9x10-5 + 5.4x10-12)/2
pH= 12.3 ×10-5×10-12
pH= 12.3 × 10-17/2
pH= 6.15 × 10-17
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If the viscosity of a solution is quadrupled, the rms-average distance of a collection of diffusing molecules from their starting point would be _________ over the same amount of time
The viscosity of a solution is quadrupled, the rms-average distance of a collection of diffusing molecules from their starting point would be [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] over the same amount of time.
If the viscosity of a solution is quadrupled then the distance of collection of diffusing molecules would be half over the same amount of time. The viscosity of the molecules is dependent on density of the liquid. It is independent to the volume of the liquid.
What is viscosity?Viscosity is measure of a fluid's resistance of flow.
The SI unit of viscosity is Poiseuille (PI) is other units ae newton second per square meter or pascal second. The dimensional formula of viscosity is [[tex]ML^{-1}T^{-1}[/tex]].
The viscosity of liquids decreases rapidly with an increase in temperature, and the viscosity of gases increases with an increase in temperature.
η = [tex]\frac{2ga^{2} (Δρ)}{9v}[/tex]
Where (Δρ) is the density difference between fluid and sphere tested, a is the radius of the sphere, g is the acceleration due to gravity and v is the velocity of the sphere.
Viscosity Types:
Viscosity is the measure of fluid's friction to it's flow. There are two ways to measure the fluid is viscosity is follows:
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What would happen if N₂ were added to N₂(g) + O₂(g) = 2NO(g) at
equilibrium?
O A. More O2 and NO would form.
OB. More NO would form.
C. More N₂ and O2 would form.
O D. Keq would decrease.
Answer:
B.) More NO would form.
Explanation:
If the amount of N₂ increases, the equilibrium will be out of balance. In order to restore the balance, the reaction will shift to the products side. As such, the amount of NO will increase.
According to Le-chatlier principle, if N₂ is added to the reaction system, then more NO will be produced so as to decrease the amount of N₂.
What is Le-Chatlier principle ?The Le Chatlier's Principle, also known as the Le Chatlier's Law, is a principle in chemistry that states that when a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change in conditions, such as temperature, pressure, or concentration, the system will adjust its equilibrium position to counteract the change and restore equilibrium.
In other words, if a system is disturbed from its equilibrium state, it will try to minimize the effect of the disturbance by shifting the equilibrium position in a direction that partially offsets the disturbance.
If any substance is added to the system, the equilibrium will shift to the direction in which the added substance is consumed. Hence, as N₂ is added to the system, it will consumed to give the product NO.
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What is the molar concentration of potassium ions in a 0. 250 m k2so4(aq) solution?
The molar concentration of potassium ions in a 0. 250 m K₂SO₄(aq) solution is 2.
What is molar concentration?The molar concentration of a solution is the presence of solute in one unit of a solution.
Molar concentration = number of moles / volume
The volume is given 0.250 m
To calculate the number of moles:
There will be 2 moles of potassium and 1 mole of sulfate in one L of the solution.
So in 0.250 L
0.250 x 2 x 1 = 0.500
The total number of moles of potassium and sulfate ion are 0.500
Now, putting the value:
Molar concentration = number of moles / volume
0.500 / 0.250 = 2
Thus, the molar concentration is 2.
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Which reaction most accurately represents the dissociation of nitrous acid (hno2) in water?
When nitrous acid (HNO₂) dissociates in water (H₂O), the reaction that best captures this process is:
HNO₂ (aq.) + H₂O ↔ H₃O⁺ (aq.) + NO₂⁻ (aq.)
How does one know about HNO₂?
The chemical designation for nitrous acid is HNO₂, and it is a monoprotic acid. Three elements—hydrogen(H), oxygen(O), and nitrogen(N), all compose it. It is highly fragile in nature and only occurs in solutions. It is employed to convert amines into diazonium salts.Is HNO₂ a basic or an acid?
Acidity is assigned to nitrous acid (HNO₂). Once dissolved in water, it gives out H+ ions. Acid is a chemical that produces H+ ions in a water-based solution or gives the protons to other molecules.
Thus, HNO₂ is acid because it causes a mixture of water to contain H+ ions. In a 10 mM concentration, it possesses a pH of 2.67.
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another student collected boiling point data of 10 different substances. Should he display his results in a line graph or a bar chart.
Answer:
Bar chartExplanation:
Because if he displays his or her result in a line graph the Boling data of 10 different substances will be incorrect.Hope it helps you
Identify the location of reduction in an electrochemical cell. group of answer choices the electrode the anode the socket the cathode the salt bridge
The location of reduction in an electrochemical cell is called the anode.
An electrochemical cell ( galvanic cell ) is generate electric energy from chemical reactions. In galvanic cell species ( for example zinc and zinc cations ) from one half-cell lose electrons ( oxidation ) and species from other half-cell ( for example copper and copper cations ) gain electrons ( reduction ). Electric current is generated due to the flow of electrons from the anode that undergoes an oxidation reaction to the cathode which has a reduction reaction in the circuit of an outer wire circuit.
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Draw the most stable form of the major product of each of the molecules with excess naoch2ch3 in ch3ch2oh , followed by aqueous acidic workup.
The stable form of the major product of naoch2ch3 in ch3ch2oh reaction is given below.
What is aqueous acidic?The pH of an aqueous solution is the measurement of how acidic or basic it is. The pH of an aqueous solution can be defined and calculated by using the attention of the hydronium ion attention in the solution.When disbanded in an aqueous resolution, certain ions were removed from the explanation. An Arrhenius acid is a combination that increases the attention of H+ ions that are present when counted to water. These H+ ions include the hydronium ion (H3O+) when they incorporate with water molecules.To learn more about aqueous acidic, refer to:
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A student makes up 2 l of a 3. 0 m aqueous solution of hbr. to this solution she adds 1 l of a 4 m naoh solution. what is the ph of the resulting solution?
A student makes up 2 l of a 3. 0 m aqueous solution of HBr. to this solution she adds 1 l of a 4 m NaOH solution, then the pH of the resulting solution is 13.83.
What is normality?Normality is defined as the ratio of equivalent mass of compound to the volume of solution in litre.
N1 is the normality of HBR = 3m
N2 is the normality of NaOH = 4m
V1 is the volume of the HBr = 2l
V2 is the volume of the NaOH = 1l
V is the total volume of solution = V1 + V2 = 2l +1l
= 3l
Normality of the solution = N
As we know that,
N1V1 - N2V2 = NV
3 × 2 – 4 × 1 = N × 3
6 – 4 = N – 3
N = 2/3 = 0.67 m
(OH-) = N = 0.67 m
Since normality of NaOH is greater than BR . Hence the resulting solution is alkaline.
pOH = -log[OH-]
POH = - log (0.67) = 0.17
As we know that,
PH + pOH = 14
pH = 14 – 0.17
= 13.83
Thus, we calculate that the pH of the resulting solution is 13.83.
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What mass of copper could be electroplated on the cathode in an experiment where an average of 200 ma was passed through the cell for 35 minutes?
There are 0.138 gram copper could be electroplated on the cathode in an experiment where an average of 200 ma was passed through the cell for 35 minutes .
Calculation ,
Given ; Current passed through copper ( I ) = 200 mA = 200×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex] A
time in second = 35 minutes×60 = 2100 sec
Current ( I )= Q/t
Q =It = 200×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex] A × 2100 sec = 420 C
96500 C of charge = 1 mole
420 C of charge = 1 mole ×420 C/ 96500 C = 0.00435 mol
In , the valancy of Cu is +2 .
2 moles of electron are required for the decomposition of 1 mole of Cu on the cathode .
0.00435 mol of electron are required for the decomposition of Cu = 1mol × 0.00435 mol/2 = 0.002175 mol of Cu
Number of moles of Cu = given mass / molar mass
Mass of Cu = Number of moles of Cu × molar mass = 0.002175 ×63.546
Mass of Cu = 0.138 gram
Therefore , mass of copper is 0.138 gram
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________ is the major intermolecular attraction responsible for the relatively high boiling points of alcohols.
Answer:
Hydrogen bonding is the major intermolecular attraction responsible for the relatively high boiling points of alcohols.
A compound composed of 3. 3 % h, 19. 3 % c, and 77. 4 % o has a molar mass of approximately 60 g/mol. What is the molecular formula of the compound?.
The molecular formula of the given compound is [tex]$\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$[/tex] also known as Carbonic acid.
What is empirical formula and molecular formula?The simplest whole-number ratio of the various atoms in a compound is represented by an empirical formula.
The precise number of various atom types present in a compound's molecule is indicated by the molecular formula.
Given that,
H = 3.3%
C = 19.3%
O = 77.4%
No. of moles of H = 3.3/1
No. of moles of H = 3.3
No. of moles of C = 19.3 / 12
No. of moles of C = 1.60
No. of moles of O = 77.4/16
No. of moles of O = 4.83
Therefore, the ratio of the atoms of C, H and O = 3.3 : 1.60 : 4.83
Divide by smallest value which you get =3.3 / 1.60 : 1.60 / 1.60 : 4.83 / 1.60
The ratio of the atoms of C, H and O = 2 : 1 : 3
So, the empirical formula is [tex]$\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2}$[/tex]
Let the molecular formula is [tex]$\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\right) \mathrm{n}$[/tex]
Then, molar mass [tex]$=(2 \times 1+1 \times 12+3 \times 16) n\\[/tex]
Molar mass = 62n
As the question, 62 n = 60
n = 0.96 or n = 1 (rounded off to nearest ones)
So, the molecular formula is [tex]$\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\right) 1=\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$[/tex] i.e., the compound is Carbonic acid.
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4fe 3o2 xh2o → 2fe2o3 • xh2o the formation of rust (equation above) is an example of both combustion and
The formation of rust (equation above) is an example of both combustion and Synthesis
What is a synthesis reaction?A synthesis reaction is a classification of responses in which multiple reactants connect to form a single product. If we observe the equation, no replacement is accepted place hence, single and double replacements are wrong choices.In decomposition reaction there is only one reactance which gets disintegrate and form multiple product.Synthesis reactions are reactions that occur when two additional atoms or molecules interact to form a separate molecule or compound. Most of the time, when a synthesis reaction occurs, energy is discharged and the reaction is exothermic. However, an endothermic consequence is also feasible.learn more about synthesis reaction, refert o:
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Answer:
synthesis
Explanation:
Decide whether each proposed multiplication or division of measurements is possible. If it is possible, write the result in the last column of the table.
The possible options for the proposed multiplication or division of measurements are:
1. 9.0 km * 7.0 km = 63 km²; this is a correct option because km² is dimensionally correct.
3. 24 dL²/0.60 L = 0.24 L²/0.60 L = 0.4 L is a correct option since L is a unit of volume.
What are the possible options among the proposed multiplication or division of measurements?The possible options among the proposed multiplication or division of measurements are those which are dimensionally correct.
Considering the given options:
1. 9.0 km * 7.0 km = 63 km²
This is a correct option because km² is dimensionally correct as it is a unit of area.
2. 2.0 g² * 0.043 kg is not correct since there is no unit of square mass.
3. 24 dL²/0.60 L = 0.24 L²/0.60 L = 0.4 L is a correct option since L is a unit of volume.
In conclusion, the correct measurements options are those that are dimensionally correct.
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A buffer containing 0.2000 m of acid, ha, and 0.1500 m of its conjugate base, a−, has a ph of 3.35. what is the ph after 0.0015 mol of naoh is added to 0.5000 l of this solution?
After 0.0015 mol of NAOH is added to 0.5000 l of this solution, the pH is 3.37.
StepsFirst, modify the Henderson-Hassle-batch equation to find the acid's pka.
[tex]pH=pka + log\frac{[A]}{[HA]}[/tex]
[tex]pka = pH-log\frac{[A]}{[HA]}[/tex]
[tex]=3.35- log \frac{[0.1500]}{[ 0.2000 ]}[/tex]
[tex]pka =3.47[/tex]
Molarity of the added NaOH.
[tex]M=\frac{mol}{L}[/tex]
[tex]=\frac{0.0015 mol}{ 0.5000L}[/tex]
= 0.003 M
In water, NaOH will dissociate
[tex]NaOH- > Na^{+} + OH^{-}[/tex]
strong base OH will react with HA
HA+ OH --> [tex]H_{2} O[/tex] + A
the reaction also produced A. as, all OH are consumed in the reaction
HA will be decreased by 0.003 M and A will be increased by 0.003 M.
[tex]HA= 0.2000-0.003 \\= 0.1970[/tex]
[tex]A=0.1500+0.003=0.1530 M[/tex]
solving new pH using pka and the new values of [HA] and [A]
[tex]pH=pka + log\frac{[A]}{[HA]}[/tex]
[tex]=3.35 + log\frac{[0.1530]}{[0.1970]}[/tex]
pH=3.37 is the ph after 0.0015 mol of naoh is added to 0.5000 l of this solution
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1. Fill in the blanks.
a. Breathing is a combined form of______and_______.
b. Oxygen is absorbed by diffusion from______of the lungs.
c. Plants take______gas for respiration. d. Plants have______and______for respiration.
e. Plants have_______and_______for transportation.
Respiration deals with the gaseous exchange that occur between the individuals and the environment.
What is respiration?The term respiration deals with the gaseous exchange that occur between the individuals and the environment. The individuals take in a gas from the environment and pass out a gas to the environment. This is the way in which the balance of the universe is maintained.
Now, plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen whereas animals take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. By so doing, the delicate carbon - oxygen balance in nature is maintained unless it is upturned by anthropogenic activities.
The following fill in the blanks as requested in the question;
a) Inhalation and exhalation'
b) trachea
c) carbon dioxide
d) leaves and stomata
e) xylem and phloem
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Answer:
a) inhalation and exhalation
b) trachea
c) carbon dioxide
d) leaves and stomata
e) xylem and phloem
1. There are 42 grams of sugar (C12H22O11) in a can of pop (342mL). Use this information (where necessary) to answer the following questions:
a) How many moles of sugar are there in the pop (3 marks)?
b) If a mole of sugar costs 90 cents, what is the value of the sugar in a can of pop (3 marks)?
c) How many particles of sugar are there in the pop (3 marks)?
The number of sugar particles is 7.4 * 10^22 particles.
What is the mole?The mole is used to describe the amount of substance. The idea was first introduced by Professor Avogadro and the number of particles that constitute one mole of a substance was said to be 6.02 * 10^23 particles in a mole.
Thus;
Molar mass of sugar = 342 g/mol
Number of moles of sugar = 42 grams/342 g/mol = 0.123 moles
Now;
If 1 mole of sugar costs 90 cents
0.123 moles of sugar costs 0.123 moles * 90 cents/1 mole
= 11 cents
Now we know that;
1 mole of sugar contains 6.02 * 10^23 particles
0.123 moles of sugar contains 0.123 moles * 6.02 * 10^23 particles / 1 mole
= 7.4 * 10^22 particles
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A sample of gas has an initial volume of 3.97 L at a pressure of 709 mmHg . If the volume of the gas is increased to 5.36 L , what is the pressure
Answer:
525 mmHg
Explanation:
If all other variables are held constant, you can find the pressure using Boyle's Law. The equation looks like this:
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
In this equation, "P₁" and "V₁" represent the initial pressure and volume. "P₂" and "V₂" represent the final pressure and volume. You can plug the given values into the equation and simplify to find "P₂".
P₁ = 709 mmHg P₂ = ? mmHg
V₁ = 3.97 L V₂ = 5.36 L
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ <----- Boyle's Law
(709 mmHg)(3.97 L) = P₂(5.36 L) <----- Insert values
2814.73 = P₂(5.36 L) <----- Simplify left side
525 = P₂ <----- Divide both sides by 5.36
If it takes 35. 04 ml of a 0. 2455 m naoh solution to neutralize 25. 00 ml of an unknown hcl solution, what is the molarity of the hcl solution?
If it takes 35.04ml of a 0.2455M NaOH solution to neutralize 25. 00ml of an unknown HCl solution, the molarity of the HCl solution is 0.34M.
How to calculate molarity?The molarity of a solution can be calculated using the following formula:
C1V1 = C2V2
Where;
C1 = molarity of acidC2 = molarity of baseV1 = volume of acidV2 = volume of baseAccording to this question, it takes 35. 04ml of a 0. 2455M NaOH solution to neutralize 25.00ml of an unknown HCl solution. The molarity of the HCl can be calculated as follows:
35.04 × 0.2455 = 25.0 × V2
8.602 = 25C2
C2 = 8.6/25
C2 = 0.34M
As a result, the molarity of the HCl solution is 0.34M if it takes 35. 04ml of a 0.2455M NaOH solution to neutralize 25ml of an unknown HCl solution.
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How many grams are in 0.0667 moles of MgCl 2?
A.
6.35
B.
1430
C.
7.01
D.
.523
Answer:
A.) 6.35
Explanation:
To find the mass of MgCl₂, you need to multiply the given value by the molar mass. The molar mass is made up of each element's atomic mass times their quantities. It is important to arrange the conversion in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.
Atomic Mass (Mg): 24.305 g/mol
Atomic Mass (Cl): 35.453 g/mol
Molar Mass (MgCl₂): 24.305 g/mol + 2(35.453 g/mol)
Molar Mass (MgCl₂): 95.211 g/mol
0.0667 moles MgCl₂ 95.211 grams
--------------------------------- x ------------------------ = 6.35 grams MgCl₂
1 mole
A label on an empty sample container reads 12. 00 g. you add in a sample of a compound and mass the sample container obtaining 15. 5465 g. what should the mass of the sample be reported as?
The mass of the substance is the quantitative measure of the physical object. The mass of the sample must be reported as 3.5465 g. Thus, option e is correct.
What is mass?The mass of the substance is the quantity of matter that the sample weighs and is reflected in grams or kilograms.
Given,
Mass of empty sample container = 12.00 g
Mass of sample + empty container = 15.5465 g
The mass of the sample will be given as,
mass of sample = (Mass of sample + empty container) - ( Mass of empty container)
= (15.5465 g - 12.00g)
=3.5465 g
Therefore, 3.5465 gm is the mass of the sample, and the correct option is e.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was, A label on an empty sample container reads 12.00 g. you add in a sample of a compound and the mass of the sample container obtaining 15.5465 g. what should the mass of the sample be reported as?
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When the ph of an aqueous solution is changed from 1 to 2, the concentration of hydronium ions in the solution is.
Answer:
decreased by a factor of 10
Explanation:
pH is defined in such a way that;
pH= −log10(H)
Where H represents the concentration of Hydronium or Hydrogen ions
Given that pH is changed from 1 to 2,
By rearranging the above formula , we get 10−pH = H
if pH=1,H=10−1=0.1Mif pH=2,H=10−2=0.01MTherefore, 0.1/0.01 = 10 and 0.1 > 0.01
Hence, the concentration of hydronium ions in the solution is decreased by a factor of 10.
Draw the mechanism for the reaction of acetyl chloride (ethanoyl chloride) with the ethoxide anion to yield ethyl acetate (ethyl ethanoate)
Ethanoyl chloride is a common acyl chloride. Any other acyl chloride will function similarly. Similarly, ethanol is regarded as a typical alcoholic beverage. simply substitute the CH3CH2 group with an alkyl group.
The first stage of the reaction (the addition stage) includes a nucleophilic attack on the relatively positive carbon atom by one of the lone pairs on an ethanol molecule's oxygen.
The second stage (elimination) occurs in two stages. The carbon-oxygen double bond reforms in the first step, releasing a chloride ion.
The ethanoyl chloride then removes a hydrogen ion, yielding ethyl ethanoate and hydrogen chloride.
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What are the conjugate acid-base pairs in the reaction of h2seo4h2seo4 with h2oh2o? h2seo4 h2o→productsh2seo4 h2o→products view available hint(s)
The conjugate acid is H2SeO4 and the conjugate base pairs in the reaction is H2O.
The full equation of the reaction is
H2SeO4 + H2O----- H3O^+(aq) + HSeO4
What is conjugate base?Conjugate base are those substance formed when an acid loses a hydrogen ion. Considered a base because it can gain a hydrogen ion to reform the acid.
The conjugate acid is the species that donate a proton to the conjugate base, hence H2SeO4 is the conjugate acid while H2O is the conjugate base because it accepts a proton from H2SeO4.
Thus we concluded that the conjugate acid is H2SeO4 and the conjugate base pairs in the reaction is H2O.
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How many electrons are present in the nonbonding π molecular orbital of the allyl anion?
The number of electrons present in the nonbonding π molecular orbital of the allyl anion is 4 electrons . 2 in the pi bond of the allyl ion and the other two will be present as a lone pair on the carbon atom.
What is a nonbonding π molecular orbital?It is a type of orbital that does not affect the bond order or bond length and the bond order of the molecule and does not affect its energy too.
In allyl anion allyl anion occupies 4 pi electrons and ψ2 is the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital whereas ψ3* is the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital
Therefore, the number of electrons present in the nonbonding π molecular orbital of the allyl anion is 4 electrons . 2 in the pi bond of the allyl ion and the other two will be present as a lone pair in on the carbon atom.
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In general ethers have a much lower boiling point than their isomeric alcohols. why?
Ethers have a much lower boiling point than their isomeric alcohols because ether have not hydrogen bond that why ethers have lower boiling point .
Ethers will not have a hydrogen atom attached to the oxygen atom as alcohols do. Because ether molecules can not form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, their boiling points are much shorter than those of alcohol with such a comparable mass.
Owing to the combination of intermolecular H-bonding in alcohols though not in ethers, alcohols possess higher boiling temperatures than isomeric ethers.
Therefore, ethers have a much lower boiling point than their isomeric alcohols because ether have not hydrogen bond that why ethers have lower boiling point .
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The addition of two-carbon units to a growing fatty acid chain is directly driven by?
The addition of two-carbon units to a growing fatty acid chain is directly driven by Decarboxylation of malonyl-coA.
Hence, Option C is correct answer.
What is Fatty Acid ?Fatty acids are carboxylic acid in which molecules are composed of a straight long chains of even number of carbon atom with hydrogen atoms. Fatty acid is an acid that is found in fats and oils.
What is Decarboxylation ?The chemical reaction which eliminates a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide is called decarboxylation.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The addition of two-carbon units to a growing fatty acid chain is directly driven by Decarboxylation of malonyl-coA.
Hence, Option C is correct answer.
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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.
Question: The addition of two-carbon units to a growing fatty acid chain is directly driven by
a) Hydrolysis of ATP
b) Oxidation of NADPH
c) Decarboxylation of malonyl-coA
d) Reduction of NADP+
Describe how the mass spectrometry readout is consistent with the chemical structure of hydrochloric acid.
The reading of mass so of hydrochloric acid involves sequence of analysis including:
Sample introductionAnalyte ionizationMass analysisIon detectionData processingThe chemical structure of hydrochloric acid is HCl
What is mass spectrometry?Mass spectrometry is defined as a special analytical technique that is used to measure the mass ratio of ions.
It is used to determine the masses of atoms of chemical elements
So therefore, the reading of mass so of hydrochloric acid involves sequence of analysis including:
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A gas effuses 4.0 times faster than oxygen (o2). what is the molecular mass of the gas? 1.0 g/mol 1.0 g/mol 2.0 g/mol 2.0 g/mol 4.0 g/mol 4.0 g/mol 7.67 g/mol
Answer:
32(molecular mass has no unit )
Explanation:
(16)(o2)
16×2
=32
How much has co2 increased in the atmosphere since 1750? group of answer choices
Since 1750, about 46 percent of CO2 is increased in the atmosphere.
Co2 gas is considered as Greenhouse effect.
Green house effect : The trapping of the sun's warmth in a lower atmosphere of planet, due to the more and more transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than the infrared radiation which are emitted by the surface of the planet.
Due to greenhouse effect the temperature of earth surface increases.
Many reasons for increase in Greenhouse effect are as follow:
DeforestationBurning of fossil fuels.FarmingIndustrial waste and landfills. Global warmingdepletion of ozone layerAir pollutionDue to these reason the percentage of CO2 in the atmosphere is increased by 46.
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A formic acid buffer solution contains 0. 20 m h c o o h hcooh and 0. 24 m h c o o − hcoox−. the pka of formic acid is 3. 75. what is the ph of the buffer?
A buffer solution contains an equivalent amount of acid and base. The pH of the solution with an acid dissociation constant (pKa) value of 3.75 is 3.82.
What is pH?The amount of hydrogen or the proton ion in the solution is expressed by the pH. It is given by the sum of pKa and the log of the concentration of acid and bases.
Given,
Concentration of salt [HCOO⁻] = 0.24 M
Concentration of acid [HCOOH] = 0.20 M
The acid dissociation constant (pKa) = 3.75
pH is calculated from the Hendersons equation as,
pH = pKa + log [salt] ÷ [acid]
pH = 3.75 + log [0.24] ÷ [0.20]
= 3.75 + log (1.2)
= 3.75 + 0.079
= 3.82
Therefore, 3.82 is the pH of the buffer.
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