The hydrophobicity plot assigns each amino acid a hydrophobic value based on the method by kyte and doolittle. What can be inferred from the plot?
The hydrophobicity plot tells us about the location of transmembrane helices.
What is hydrophobicity plot?Hydrophobicity plots are used to predict the location of turns in proteins.In 1982, Kyte and Doolittle gave a hydrophobicity scale which gives each amino acid a hydrophobicity value.A hydrophobicity plot is drawn between the residue number versus residue hydrophobicity. These hydropathy plots are used to determine the transmembrane helices of proteins.The transmembrane helices are present in the non polar area (hydrophobic) of the lipid membrane whereas the other parts are present in polar areas (hydrophilic).Thus by computing the hydrophobicity value and plotting it on a graph we can find the loops and turns in proteins. Nowadays there are many hydrophobicity scales determining the hydrophobicity value of amino acids.Learn about amino acids here:
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If a cell is placed in an isotonic medium, there will be no net movement of water. True or false?.
It is true.
What is isotonic medium?A solution that has the same amount of salt as cells and blood. In hospitalized patients, isotonic solutions are routinely utilized as intravenous fluids. When a cell is immersed in an isotonic solution, there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell, and the volume of the cell remains constant. Isotonic solutions include 0.9% normal saline and lactated ringers. A hypertonic solution is one that has a greater solute concentration than the solution across the semi-permeable barrier.The isotonic solution allows the cells to move water and nutrients in and out of the cells. This is necessary for the blood cells to perform their function of supplying oxygen and other nutrients to other parts of the body.To learn more about isotonic solutions from the given link
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decide which of the following events in the history of DNA studies occurred first.
A. Watson and Crick discovery the structure of DNA
B. Brenner, Crick, Jacob, and Monod discover 3 base codons for amino acids
C. Johannsen identifies inherited traits as ‘genes’
D. Hershey and Chase confirm DNA as genetic material
The first event in the history of DNA studies was Johannsen identifies inherited traits as "genes"
C. Johannsen identifies inherited traits as "genes"Who was Johannsen?noting that selection was only effective when based on genetic (genotype) rather than environmental (phenotype) differences.
With this information, we can conclude that Although Mendel conducted his experiments with pea plants in the mid-1800s, it was not until 1909 that Johannsen became the first person to describe Mendel's individual units of heredity. He called them genes.
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Being an extremely unhealthy academic, Mike is a shut-in and works by only candle light, which he never puts out. He hasn't seen the sun nor spoken face-to-face with anyone in years. However, he still sleeps and wakes up roughly at the same time as normal people because he is a very special lad. How is he still able to maintain this sleep schedule?
Answer choices:
He has a hereditary condition that confers unnaturally precise CLOCK gene expression.
He has a hereditary condition that confers unnaturally precise PER gene expression
His CLOCK genes last 16 hours and turn off for 8 hours
Mike's CLOCK expression is harder to suppress
The candle is always alight, entraining his SCN
Mike is able to maintain this sleep schedule because He has a hereditary condition that confers unnaturally precise CLOCK gene expression (Option A).
What is an adaptation?Adaptations are phenotypic features that naturally appear in a population as a consequence of genetic variation which are expressed to determine the level of the trait.
In this case, it is expected that Mike exhibit certain genetic features associated with his circadian rhythm.
In conclusion, Mike is able to maintain this sleep schedule because He has a hereditary condition that confers unnaturally precise CLOCK gene expression (Option A).
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Austin and Marissa hypothesize that coneflower stomata use feedback loops to respond to moisture levels by opening when there is moisture present, and closing when there is no moisture present. Which BEST describes the setup they should use to support their hypothesis?
A
Austin and Marissa should observe the number of closed stomata on one leaf, mist the leaf with water, wait one hour, and count the total number of stomata.
B
Austin and Marissa should observe the number of stomata on one leaf, mist the leaf with water, wait one hour, and count the number of stomata that have grown.
C
Austin and Marissa should observe the number of open stomata on one leaf, mist the leaf with water, wait one hour, and count the number of open stomata again.
D
Austin and Marissa should observe the number of stomata on one leaf, mist the leaf with water, wait one hour, and count the number of stomata that have disappeared.
Austin and Marissa should observe the number of open stomata on one leaf, mist the leaf with water, wait one hour, and count the number of open stomata again.
In the epidermis of tree leaves and needles, there are cell structures called stomata that play a role in the exchange of water and carbon dioxide between plants and the atmosphere.
Stomata, the tiny pores on the outside of leaves and stalks, control how gases enter and exit leaves and therefore, how plants as a whole function. On all periods, ranging from minutes to millennia, they adjust to regional and global changes.
Guard cells are a pair of specialized epidermal cells that make up stomata. By adjusting the size of the stomatal pore, stomata govern water loss and the exchange of gases between the plant and its surroundings.
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By 1500 b.c.e., which group in middle america (mesoamerica) began developing large cities, which including massive pyramidal structures?
Mayas began developing large cities, which including massive pyramidal structures.
Who were Mayas?The Maya civilisation was a Mesoamerican civilization founded by the Maya peoples that was notable for its logosyllabic script—the most sophisticated and highly developed writing system in pre-Columbian Americas—as well as its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system. The Maya are an indigenous people of Mexico and Central America who have lived continuously throughout modern-day Yucatan, Quintana Roo, Campeche, Tabasco, and Chiapas in Mexico, as well as Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and Hondur.The Ancient Mayans developed the science of astronomy, calendar systems, and hieroglyphic writing. They were also known for creating elaborate ceremonial architecture, such as pyramids, temples, palaces, and observatories.To learn more about mayas from the given link
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Scientists who study evolutionary medicine are mainly concerned about bacteria that have become?
Scientists who study evolutionary medicine are mainly concerned about bacteria that have become Drug resistant.
Evolutionary medicine is a rapidly expanding area that makes use of evolutionary biology principles to better comprehend, prevent, and cure disease as well as to increase our understanding of the fundamentals of evolution.Bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics cannot be treated with them or eliminated by them. In the presence of an antibiotic, they can endure and even grow. Most bacteria that cause infections are capable of developing resistance to at least some drugs. Multi-resistant organisms are bacteria that have broad antibiotic resistance (MRO).A significant issue in public health is antibiotic resistance. It can be avoided by reducing the overuse and unnecessary prescription of antibiotics, using them as directed, practicing good hygiene, and taking infection control measures.learn more about Drug resistant here: https://brainly.com/question/27333304
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About how many total atp equivalents are generated by the complete oxidation of one molecule of acetyl coa?
Around 12 ATP equivalents are generated by the complete oxidation of one molecule of acetyl CoA.
Glycolysis begins when glucose enters, producing 2 pyruvate molecules. These pyruvates are subsequently transformed into two molecules of acetyl CoA. With each acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle, three NADH (9 ATP), one FADH (2 ATP), and one GTP are produced (1 ATP). Each mole of acetyl-CoA will therefore yield 12 ATP molecules in total.
Electron transport from the citric acid cycle's energy precursors in step 3 causes oxidative phosphorylation, which phosphorylates ADP to produce ATP. In animals the majority of the energy required in biosynthesis, preserving appropriate ion balance, and mechanical work comes from oxidative phosphorylation.
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Imagine a plant with carotenoids but no chlorophyll. which color(s) of light would be most beneficial to the plant?
If a plant with carotenoids but no chlorophyll then caretenoids absorb light at wavelengths around 400-500 nm, in which violet and blue. Energy absorbed by these pigments drive photosynthesis so violet blue light would be most useful to this plant.
The best wavelength of visible light for photosynthesis under blue range is 400-450 nm and in red range is 600 - 700 nm . Plants have other pigment which help the plant in absorption of light that chlorophyll misses.
carotenoids are yellow in color to red pigment presents in almost every leaf that absorb some of the green that chlorophyll can not. carotenoids that fall foliage much of their yellow and orange colors.
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What differences did you observe in the structure of an artery versus the structure of a vein?
Arteries Larger, more muscular and more elastic, carry oxygenated blood from the heart, with the exception of the pulmonary artery. The blood has more pressure from the heart. Veins Under less pressure, so valves are needed. They are less strong than arteries and appear more floppy.
Arteries have thick, elastic, muscular walls whereas veins have thin walls with few elastic fibers. Arteries need these properties to give them the strength and elasticity needed to cope with the high pressure surges of oxygenated blood coming from the heart. Veins carry blood back to your heart from the rest of your body. The pressure of the blood returning to the heart is very low, so the walls of veins are much thinner than arteries.
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A person's original chromosomes and their component genes constitute that person's :_______
a) genotype.
b) allele.
c) phenotype.
d) autosomal inheritance.
e) locus.
A person's original chromosomes and their component genes constitute that person's genotype (Option a is correct).
What is a genotype?A genotype can be defined as the genes and their variant (alleles) contian in a given nucleotide sequence of DNA, which can be represented by a linear chromosome.
The genotype may contain only a few genes in small chromosomes (e.g., plasmids) or many genes in linear human chromosomes (over more than 1000 genes).
In conclusion, a person's original chromosomes and their component genes constitute that person's genotype carried out by the individual and his/her cells (Option a is correct).
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The active fraction of soil organic carbon largely accounts for which of the benefits of adding organic matter to soils?
Water-holding capacity, nutrient mineralization, biological activity, and water and air infiltration rates are the active fraction of soil organic carbon.
By enhancing the physical, chemical, and biological processes in the soil, organic matter contributes significantly to crop productivity and soil health. A soil's structure, water-holding capacity, nutrient mineralization, biological activity, and rates of air and water infiltration all benefit from higher amounts of organic matter.Increased tilth or soil structure is a result of higher soil organic carbon, which increases physical stability. This lowers the risk of erosion and nutrient leaching while increasing soil aeration (the amount of oxygen in the soil) and water drainage and retention. Although it only makes up 10 to 20 percent of the total organic matter in the soil, active organic matter is an essential component because it promotes microbial activity and releases nutrients into the soil.Learn more about soil organic carbon here brainly.com/question/21026038
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Which body system is NOT primarily responsible for maintaining the fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
The nervous system is a body system that is NOT primarily responsible for maintaining the fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
What is the nervous system?The nervous system is a body system that acts to transmit different signals such as neurotransmitters and electrical stimuli across parts of the body.
The nervous system is composed of the cerebrum (i.e., the brain) and also the spinal cord, which is connected to the peripherical nerves and sends information to the body muscles.
In conclusion, the nervous system is a body system that is NOT primarily responsible for maintaining the fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
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Which pair is incorrectly matching polymer-monomer? nucleic acids - nucleotides proteins - amino acids lipids - monosaccharides carbohydrates – sugar
The pair that incorrectly matches polymer-monomer is lipids-monosaccharides (option C).
What is a monomer?A monomer is a small molecule which can be covalently bonded to other monomers to form a polymer.
A polymer, on the other hand, is a large molecule made up of a chain of many monomeric units, formed by chemically bonding together.
The following are the monomer-polymer combination we have in nature;
Carbohydrates - simple sugar/monosaccharideProtein - amino acidLipids - fatty acidNucleic acid - nucleotideTherefore, the pair that incorrectly matches polymer-monomer is lipids-monosaccharides.
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Describe why drugs that interfere with the disassembly of a SNARE complex are capable of blocking neurotransmission.
The drugs that interfere with the disassembly of a SNARE complex are capable of blocking neurotransmission because the SNARE complex is responsible for the exocytotic release of neurotransmitters.
What is neurotransmission?Neurotransmission is defined as the transfer of information as electrical impulses from one nerve cell to another.
The chemicals that helps in the neurotransmission are called the neurotransmitters.
The SNARE complex are a group of protein family that is responsible for the release of neuroticism from the neural vesicles.
Therefore, the drugs that interfere with the disassembly of a SNARE complex should be capable of blocking neurotransmission.
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Glycogen is defined as a storage form of glucose, manufactured and stored in the body’s?
Answer:
Liver and Muscles
Explanation:
When the body doesn't need to use the glucose for energy, it stores it in the liver and muscles.
The __________ perform(s) the excretory and homeostatic functions of the urinary system.
The kidney perform the excretory and homeostatic functions of the urinary system. Thus, option A is correct.
What is the role of kidney?These are the pair of bean-shaped structure present just below the rib cage. Each kidney is present on each side of the spine.
Beside cleaning the metabolic waste of the body by releasing urine, the principal role is maintaining homeostasis of the body.
They also secrete some hormones like Erythropoietin, activate vitamin D3, renin – angiotensin -prostaglandins.
It also maintain the blood pressure, making red blood cells and maintaining strong bones, maintain salt -water balance of the body.
Hence, option A is correct
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Your question was incomplete. The probable question was
The __________ perform(s) the excretory and homeostatic functions of the urinary system.
A. kidney
B. Ureter
C. Urinary bladder
D. All of the above
What do all of the enzymes unique to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis have in common?
Answer:
Two key enzymes that regulate irreversible steps in these two processes are pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK), which catalyze the last and first step of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, respectively, and are both regulated by lysine acetylation
Explanation:
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Which white blood cell phagocytizes microorganisms and becomes a macrophage in the tissue?
Monocytes are white blood cell that phagocytizes microorganisms and becomes a macrophage in the tissue
Monocytes, a subtype of white blood cells, give rise to macrophages. When monocytes travel from the bloodstream to the tissues, they develop into macrophages. A monocyte is a subtype of phagocyte and a type of white blood cell. Enlarge. plasma cells.
White blood cells (monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and macrophages), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets are among the various cell types found in the blood.
It may also be related to several cancers, particularly leukemia. When you are recuperating from an acute infection, a high monocyte count may happen. Your body could be more prone to infection if your monocyte count is low. Infection is one cause of a decreased white blood cell count.
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What are the 4 ways or mechanisms by which a planet or moon can gain an atmosphere?
Four processes—outgassing, evaporation, sublimation, and surface ejection—can help a planet or moon to gain an atmosphere.
1) Outgassing: The release of a gas that has been dissolved, trapped, frozen, or absorbed in a substance is known as outgassing.
The outgassing that took place as the smaller, inner planets cooled down is likely how they acquired their atmospheres (volcanoes).
2) Evaporation : The process of converting anything from a liquid or solid state to vapors is called evaporation (like fog, mist, or steam).
So upon evaporation, water converts into gas and that's how moon gain an atmosphere by evaporation.
3) Sublimation : Converting a solid directly into a gas without first going through a liquid phase.
4)Surface ejection: A surface ejection is a massive discharge of plasma and magnetic field into the heliosphere from the Sun's corona.
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Why p-nitrophenolphosphate → p-nitrophenol is an ideal reaction for this laboratory assay?
Protein, alkaline, and acid phosphatases are all measured using the non-specific, non-proteinaceous substrate known as p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate (PNPP). So, it is an ideal reaction for this laboratory assay.
What is p-nitrophenolphosphate ?In ELISA and traditional spectrophotometric experiments, para-Nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) is a non-proteinaceous chromogenic substrate for alkaline and acid phosphatases.The hydrolysis of pNPP by phosphatases releases inorganic phosphate and the conjugate base of para-nitrophenol (pNP).The resultant phenolate has a maximum absorbance at 405 nm and is yellow in colour.Alkaline phosphatase (AP) and protein tyrosine phosphatase are two phosphatases that can be measured using this characteristic (PTP).The material needs to be stored in a dark, shielded area because it is light-sensitive. Before reading and after incorporating the substrate into the mixture, this is equally crucial.Learn more about p-nitrophenolphosphate here:
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Which synovial joint movement is descrbied as turning the sole away from the midle of the body?
Eversion synovial joint movement is described as turning the sole away from the middle of the body.
What is synovial joint?At the point where the articulating bones make contact, synovial joints move. Bones can rotate around or slide past one another because to synovial joints. Abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, and rotation are the movements that result from this.The joints of the limbs and other bones that rub up against one another are examples of synovial joints.It has a fluid-filled joint cavity as a defining characteristic.Long bones can articulate within a chamber filled with fluid in synovial joints. The connective tissue known as articular cartilage that covers the ends of bones serves as a load-bearing, low-friction, and wear-resistant surface to let joints move more easily.A thin layer of sturdy, smooth articular cartilage covers the surfaces of the bones where they come together to form a synovial joint. The two sides of the two cartilage-covered bone are separated and lubricated by a very thin layer of slick, viscous joint fluid known as synovial fluid.Learn more about synovial joint here:
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Which is abiotic?
tree sap
insect
sunlight
tree stump
Answer: C: Sunlight
Explanation:
Edge 2022
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Glycolysis takes place in the ________, and the krebs cycle takes place in the ________
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm, and the Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria of the cell.
Glycolysis is an anaerobic process. During glycolysis, partial oxidation of glucose occurs, which produces two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. It is an aerobic process which produces Carbon dioxide after complete oxidation of pyruvic acid that is made up during glycolysis.
The pyruvate formed by the reduction of glucose in the glycolysis is broken down into acetyl-CoA which then enters the Krebs cycle and condenses with oxaloacetate to form citrate. One pyruvate molecules yields 15 ATP and therefore, two pyruvate molecules lead to the production of 30 ATP.
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The majority of the nutrients in
the ocean comes from which
source?
A. from tsunamis
B. from nutrients that wash into the ocean from the continents
C. from the atmosphere
Answer: B
Explanation:
The nutrients that wash off of the continents (waste products, sediment) are often rich in essential minerals to plankton and other microscopic aquatic life, which in turn are the base of the marine food chain.
Tsunamis are too infrequent and do not dredge up any sediment most of the time, and C is not correct because nutrients don't just rain from the sky.
High levels of which lipoprotein class are associated wit decreased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis?
The "bad cholesterol" transporter LDL is clinically linked to atherosclerosis and high LDL levels.
The "bad cholesterol" transporter LDL is clinically linked to atherosclerosis and high LDL levels.Chylomicrons, LDL, and VLDL levels that are higher are linked to atherosclerosis.Your blood vessels become clogged with plaque as a result of high cholesterol. Atherosclerosis is the medical term for this plaque buildup. Atherosclerosis increases the likelihood of developing a wide range of illnesses.LDL-loaded macrophages grow into foam cells, which encourage inflammation and accelerate atherosclerotic plaque development. The plaques can become unstable and restrict the artery. A ruptured plaque can trigger blood clotting, obstruct blood flow to the brain or heart, and cause a heart attack or stroke.learn more about atherosclerosis here: https://brainly.com/question/4142223
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During the t wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are electrically ________ and functionally ________
During the t wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are electrically repolarizing and functionally relaxing.
The T Wave shows ventricular repolarization when the ventricles relax after contracting and depolarizing. The ST segment shows the period between ventricular depolarization and repolarization, which is the space (a flat or slightly upcurved line) between the S wave and the T wave.
Although absent or downward sloping ST segments may suggest myocardial ischemia, a raised ST segment is the typical sign of myocardial infarctions. The U wave, which denotes the repolarization of the Purkinje fibres, comes after the T wave.
Because it is a relatively little wave in relation to the others, it does not usually appear on an ECG.
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Hair texture is determined by the ____________of the individual hair strand. color strength length diameter
Answer:
Diameter of the individual hair
An important interaction between fungi and plants is a mycorrhiza, which __________ mastering biology
Mycorrhizae are mutualistic associations with plant roots that improve nutrient absorption.
What is mutualistic association?When two species of organisms "collaborate together," each benefits from the relationship.
Mutualism refers to the ecological communication between two or more species in which each species benefits.
The oxpecker which is a type of bird and the rhinoceros or zebra have a mutualistic relationship.
Thus, in the given scenario, it is mutualistic association that is enhancing the nutrient absorption.
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What can help this rescue dog and firefighters find fearful people and pets stuck in buildings that are on fire? [10]
Distress vocalizations can help this rescue dog and firefighters find fearful people and pets stuck in buildings that are on fire
Distress vocalizations are sounds produced in the presence of painful, stressful, or threatening stimuli.
Mammalian vocalizations are the product of respiratory and laryngeal activities under the direct control of brain stem cranial and spinal motor neurons and modulated by higher brain processes.
Vocalizations offer the further promise of unique informational content about the emotional state of the subject. There is evidence that the form, contexts, and neural processes which modulate distress vocalizations are highly conserved between species.
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