Allergic reaction occurs when our body's immune system reacts to otherwise harmless foreign particle . The immune system recognize that invaders by their antigens, which are protein on the surface of invading cells.
Allergy is a condition in which immune system reacts abnormally to any foreign particles or substances.They may takes few days to disappear. It can caused b y pollen season, medications, or any specific substances that causes allergic reaction is called allergen.
Having an allergy increase the risk of certain type of medical problems such as- anaphylaxis, asthma,sinusitis, etc. Its prevention is depends on the type of allergic reaction such as avoid known triggers,keep a diary, wear a medical alert bracelet.
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A structure consisting of proteins and looped dna in a repeated pattern is known as a:_________
A structure of protein and looped DNA in a repeated pattern is known as nucleosomes.
What are nucleosomes?Nucleosomes are a structure of DNA looped around histone proteins. This connection is histone and proteins makes sure of the compact nature of DNA in all eukaryotic cells.
Histone proteins are basic positively charged proteins. These histone proteins prevent DNA damage and also aid in DNA replication.
Eight positively charged histone protein molecules at the centre of the looped DNA are called histone octamers. Two copies of the four core histone proteins i.e H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 are present in a histone octamer. Negatively charged DNA readily surrounds the positively charged histone proteins to form the nucleosome.
Therefore, the structure of proteins and looped DNA in a repeated pattern is known as nucleosomes.
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Prior to darwin, ideas about how organisms came into being were mostly based on ________.
Prior to Darwin, ideas about how organisms came into being were mostly based on Religious beliefs.
Before Darwin, people used to strongly believe that the Bible clearly explained about the origin of all living forms. They were very much convinced by the idea that there was a natural order to things made by God.
However, later when fossils were thoroughly studied around Darwin's time, he used the fossil records to substantiate his theory of evolution. Moreover, Geology also became more predominant as a Science during the same time which influenced Darwin's thoughts about the Earth's surface and how it could change over a period of time.
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What type of feedback is demonstrated when adequate thyroid hormones signals the pituitary to stop producing thyrotropin?
A negative feedback loop controls the thyroid hormones.
In addition to the thyroid, the hypothalamus and pituitary are also part of the negative feedback loop. The thyroid is regulated in this manner: TRH, or thyrotropin-releasing hormone, is secreted by the hypothalamus. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH, is produced by the pituitary gland in response to TRH. The thyroid gland is then stimulated by TSH to release its hormones.
When thyroid hormone levels are high enough, the pituitary and hypothalamus are prevented from secreting TSH and TRH, respectively. The thyroid gland ceases producing hormones when TSH production is inhibited. Soon, the thyroid hormone level begins to drop too low.
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Organism x is a brand new species to science. it lives deep in caves and thrives by absorbing carbon from other organisms. this organism is likely a?
Organism x is a brand new species to science. it lives deep in caves and thrives by absorbing carbon from other organisms. this organism is likely a chemoheterotroph.
What about chemoheterotroph?Chemoheterotrophs are microorganisms that primarily rely on organic chemicals for their carbon and energy needs.A living thing that gets its energy from inorganic molecules and gets most of its carbon from carbon dioxide.The subtype of lithotrophic bacteria, commonly referred to as "rock eaters" or "stone eaters," is an illustration of chemoheterotrophic bacteria. On the ocean floor and in underground water sources, where there exist both organic molecules and mineral food sources, these bacteria can be discovered.Chemoheterotrophs are creatures that obtain both their carbon and energy from organic materials. Chemoheterotrophs are unable to produce the organic building blocks they need, thus they must eat them. Most organic substances, including sugars, are a source of energy.Chemoautotrophs convert carbon dioxide into organic molecules using inorganic energy sources. Carbon dioxide cannot be used by chemoheterotrophs to create their own organic molecules. Rather, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and sulfur are where they get their carbon from.
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A fossil is found to have a 14c14c level of 73. 73. 0 ompared to living organisms. how old is the fossil?
If the 14C level of fossils is 73% compared to living organisms. It will be 2602 years.
What is radiocarbon dating?This method is used to estimate the relative age of carbon-based materials. This is done usually for fossils which originate from living organisms.
This age is estimated by estimating the percentage of carbon-14 isotopes in the fossil. This is done by comparing this percentage to a reference standard used internationally. This method is of tremendous use in palaeontology. It has also found its use in hydrology, oceanography, geology etc.
Fossil age is determined by
At = (Ao) x (1 - 0.5)^(t/h)
Here, At/Ao = 0.73
So, 0.73 = 0.5^(t/5730)
Therefore, t = 2602 years
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What might happen if a substance that is not a substrate molecule binds to an enzyme's active site?
If a substance which is not a substrate happens to bind to the active site of an enzyme, it will result in the reduction of the activity of the enzyme.
For an enzyme to catalyze a reaction, a substrate has to come and bind to the active site which is present on the enzyme. As the substrates binds, some modifications occur resulting in a change of shape of the active site and results in the grasping of the substrate more tightly and thereby catalyzing the reaction.
If a substance which is not a substrate comes and takes the place of the substrate on the active site, the rate of the reaction will slow down as the active site will now not be able to bind to the target molecule.
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Before leaving the nucleus, ________ are removed from the mrna, leaving only exons to be translated once the mrna leaves the nucleus
When mRNA leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a cap is added to one end of the molecule, a poly A tail is added to the other end, introns are removed, and exons are spliced together. During translation the amino acids are assembled into a protein.
During mRNA processing, the introns (non-coding regions) of the pre-mRNA are removed, and the exons (the coding regions) are spliced together. Additionally, a 5' cap and a 3' poly A tail are added to the pre-mRNA.
Within all cells, the translation machinery resides within a specialized organelle called the ribosome. In eukaryotes, mature mRNA molecules must leave the nucleus and travel to the cytoplasm, where the ribosomes are located.
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Photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms can be called primary producers because they make their own food?
Heterotrophs are organisms that must consume food from other organisms because they are unable to synthesize their own food molecules.
What is heterotrophs?An organism is referred to be a heterotroph if it is unable to manufacture food on its own and must obtain it from other sources of organic carbon, primarily plant or animal materials. Heterotrophs are primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers in the food chain but not producers.Because they eat producers or other consumers, heterotrophs are referred to as consumers. Humans, dogs, and birds are all instances of heterotrophs. In a food chain, a group of creatures that supply energy and nutrients to other organisms, heterotrophs occupy the second and third levels.An organism is referred to as a heterotroph if it consumes other plants or animals for food and energy. Its origins are in the Greek words hetero, which means "other," and trophe, which means "nutrition." Autotrophs and heterotrophs are two main classifications of organisms depending on how they receive energy and nutrients.Learn more about heterotrophs here:
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A total of _____ amino acids compose the majority of protein in living things and nine are _____ to human
Most proteins in living organisms are composed of 40 amino acid residues in total, and nine of those are crucial for human health.
Which majority of amino acids make up proteins in living things?
Only twenty different amino acids, each with a distinct side chain, make up proteins. Different chemistries can be found in the side chains of amino acids. The majority of amino acids contain side chains that are nonpolar.There are nine essential amino acids: tryptophanvalineisoleucine leucinelysinemethionine phenylalanine threonine methionineWhat Constitutes Proteins?
Amino acids are the basic units of proteins. They are tiny chemical compounds with an alpha (central) carbon coupled to an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, hydrogens, and a changeable element known as a side chain. A protein is made up of a lengthy chain of amino acids that are connected by peptide bonds. The biological process that links the carboxyl unit of one amino acid towards the amino group of a nearby amino acid results in the extraction of a water molecule, forming peptide bonds. The main structure of a protein is thought to be its linear amino acid sequence.Learn more about amino acids here:
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What characteristic of b. anthracis allows the bacterium to survive without water or nutrition?
Bacillus anthracis can survive in the absence of adequate nutrition due to its capacity to produce spores, which makes it dormant and non-motile.
Describe is the biology of Bacillus anthracis?The bacterium B. anthracis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, sporulating, and capsuled organism. It has a width of 1-1.2 m and a length of 3-5 m. It appears as a chain-like structure under a microscope. Despite being an aerobic organism, B. anthracis has the ability to sporulate, which allows it to exist in anaerobic conditions. In fact, it can persist as spores for a number of years in water, air, and soil. Spores are immune to the hostile environment and unaffected by high temperatures, pressure, chemicals, UV rays, and a lack of nutrients.Learn more about Bacillus antharcis here:
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Which group of non-prokaryotic organisms studied in microbiology typically have two life cycle stages: trophozoite and cyst?
The correct answer is Protozoa.
A class of single-celled, non-prokaryotic organisms known as protozoa.These could either be parasitic or free-living in nature. These are heterotrophs that procreate via binary fission in an asexual manner. Numerous unrelated or tangentially related organisms make up the Protozoa. Sarcodina, Flagellates, Ciliates, and Sporozoans are the four main divisions. There are two stages in the life cycle of certain protozoa: the proliferative stage (trophozoites), and the resting stage (cysts). Trophozoites are the proliferative stage of the protozoa, which is when they divide and reproduce. The protozoa can tolerate adverse environmental circumstances like toxic chemicals, intense heat, and nutrition and water shortages because of their resting cyst shape.
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The _______ button automatically merges the selected cells and then centers the data from the first cell across the entire merged area. quick analysis merge & center center mini toolba
Merge & Center
To combine two or more separate cells, Excel includes a special button named "Merge & Center."
What is Merge and Center in Excel ?Excel Merge and Center - When using the merge cell function in database programming, multiple neighbouring cells can be combined into a single, larger cell.
By selecting "Merge Cells" and selecting "All Cells," the operation is complete. Centering the text signifies that it is possible to do so.When merging two or more cells, select the desired cells and simultaneously press the following keys: ALT + M + H.Learn more about Merge and Center here:
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In this composition, ____ suggests the balance of the cosmos and the ancestors, providing sustenance for humans.
In this composition, symmetry suggests the balance of the cosmos and the ancestors, providing sustenance for humans.
In common parlance, the term "symmetry" describes a sense of lovely proportion and balance. More exact meaning of "symmetry" can be found in mathematics, where it typically refers to an object that is unaffected by certain transformations like translation, reflection, rotation, or scaling. The development of symmetry Similar to all other characteristics of organisms, symmetry (or asymmetry) develops as a result of natural selection for the organism's benefit. This involves variations in symmetry-related gene frequency across time.
Each object has its own unique pattern and symmetry. Symmetry breaking is viewed by scientists as the process of creating new patterns. In order to categorize unanticipated changes in shape, broken symmetries are crucial. New patterns in nature emerge as a result of symmetry breakdown.
American physicist Alan Lightman claims that symmetry is something that human brains actively seek to perceive. He claims that "the reason must be partially psychological." We desire order in this crazy universe we live in, and symmetry signifies order. It aids in our understanding of the environment.
The complete question is:
In this composition, ____ suggests the balance of the cosmos and the ancestors, providing sustenance for humans. (image looks like an X)
A. texture
B. symmetry
C. rhythm
D. color
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Sound is produced as air is forced through the ______, causing vibration of the ______ vocal cords.
Sound is produced as air is forced through the glottis, causing vibration of the true vocal cords.
A valve that regulates airflow into and out of the respiratory tubes is called the glottis, which is a slit-like aperture on the floor of the throat. A box-shaped larynx is directly accessible from the glottis.Swallowing, breathing, and voice production all include the larynx.When air flows through the vocal cords, it causes them to vibrate, which in turn generates sound waves in the pharynx, nose, and mouth. The degree of stress on the vocal folds affects the pitch of the sound.When air flows through the vocal cords, it causes them to vibrate, which in turn generates sound waves in the pharynx, nose, and mouth. The degree of stress on the vocal folds affects the pitch of the sound.learn more about sound here: https://brainly.com/question/4351510
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If the specific gravity of urine is 1. 020 in the sample of urine, what caused the filtrate to increase its s. g. between bowman’s capsule and the collecting duct of the nephron?
Because more water than solutes are reabsorbed between Bowman's capsule and the collecting duct, specific gravity rises.
What is bowman's capsule?The Bowman's capsule, a component of the nephron, creates a sack that resembles a cup and surrounds the glomerulus. The "Bowman's space," which is adjacent to the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron and signifies the beginning of the urinary space, is enclosed by Bowman's capsule.The glomerulus is protected by a two-walled pouch called Bowman's capsule. Bowman's space is the term for the area between the capsule's walls. The glomerular capsule, the Malpighian capsule, and the renal corpuscular capsule are among additional names for Bowman's capsule.The Bowman's capsule is a portion of the human kidney's nephron. By permitting water molecules and tiny molecules of other substances to flow through its selectively permeable membrane, Bowman's capsule performs the ultra-filtration process. Thus, glomerular filtrate is formed.Learn more about bowman's capsule here:
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If the frequency of one allele in a population is 0. 7 in a population with two alleles at a particular locus, what is the frequency of the alternate allele?
According to Hardy- Weinberg principle, if the frequency of one allele in a population with two alleles is 0.7 at a particular locus, then the frequency of alternate allele is 0.3.
What is Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium?Hardy- Weinberg rule states that in the absence of disturbing factors, the genetic variability in a population remains constant in different generations. It states that when mating is random both the genotypic and allelic frequencies remain constant as they are in equilibrium.Hardy- Weinberg rule applies to a large population where mating is random and there is no migration.It is given by p + q = 1, where p is the frequency of dominant allele in the population, q is the frequency of recessive allele in the population.By squaring, p2+ 2pq+ q2= 1, where p2 is percentage of homozygous dominant individuals, q2 is percentage of homozygous recessive individuals. 2pq is percentage of heterozygous individuals.Here given, p= 0.7, therefore q= 1- 0.7= 0.3Learn more about Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium here:
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Which type of glia builds myelin sheaths around axons in the periphery of the body?
Oligodendrocytes of glial cells build myelin sheaths around axons in the periphery of the body.
In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes sustain the axons of neurons, especially those that travel across vast distances within the brain. Myelin, a fatty substance that they make, is wrapped around axons as insulation. White matter acquires its name from the myelin sheath, which has a role similar to that of insulation layers around power cables in that it speeds up the transmission of electrical signals. Myelin sheath loss around neurons is what causes multiple sclerosis. Major glial cells in the brain includes oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia.
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The gelatinous material found in the posterior cavity is the:________
a. aqueous humor.
b. tears.
c. vitreous humor.
d. perilymph.
e. ora serrata
The gelatinous material found in the posterior cavity is the vitreous humor.
The vitreous humor is a transparent, colorless, gel-like substance located in the posterior chamber of the eye. It helps maintain the round shape of the eye and can also help with vision clarity and shock absorbance.
Fluid fills most of the inside of the eye. The chambers in front of the lens (both the anterior and posterior chambers) are filled with a clear, watery fluid called aqueous humor. The large space behind the lens (the vitreous chamber) contains a thick, gel-like fluid called vitreous humor or vitreous gel.
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The surface features at the distal end of the humerus that accommodate processes of the ulna when flexing and extending the elbow are the?
The surface features at the distal end of the humerus that accommodate processes of the ulna when flexing and extending the elbow are the Coronoid fossa, Radial fossa, and the olecranon fossa.
Fossa can be referred as a shallow depression in the bone surface. It may receive another articulating bone or act to support brain structures. Examples include trochlear fossa, posterior, middle, and anterior cranial fossa.
The coronoid fossa is a depression on the crania surface in cates, medial to radial fossa, accommodating the medial coronoid process of ulna when the elbow joint is flexed. In simple terms we can say that it is a depression of the humerus into which the coronoid process fits when the arm is flexed.The radial fossa is a slight depression found on the humerus above the front part of the capitulum. It receives the anterior border of the head of the radius when the forearm is flexed.The olecranon fossa is a deep triangular depression on the posterior side of the humerus, superior to the trochlea. It provides space for the olecranon of the ulna during extension of the forearm, from which it gets its name. It is located on the posterior side of the distal humerus. The joint capsule of the elbow attaches to the humerus just proximal to the olecranon fossa. The olecranon fossa is also present in various mammals, including dogs.Other fossa that are found in the Upper Limb are :
Supraclavicular fossa Glenoid fossaSupraspinous fossaInfraspinous fossa Subscapular fossaCubital fossa (a.k.a. Antecubital fossa)Learn more about fossa here : https://brainly.com/question/24183473
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Explain two ways in which the existence of green algae and land plants affected the early atmosphere.
Answer:
Producing oxygen
Explanation:
green algae and land plants affected the early atmosphere by producing oxygen, which paved the way for the evolution of eukaryotic organisms
Sorry that's all I can think of
The existence of green algae and land plants affected the early atmosphere is of existance of oxygen.
What is oxygen?Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It belongs to the periodic table's chalcogen group and is a highly reactive nonmetal that quickly oxidizes most elements as well as other compounds to produce oxides.
The Earth's atmosphere is currently made up of 20.95% diatomic oxygen gas, though this has fluctuated significantly over a very long time. In the form of oxides, oxygen makes up over half of the Earth's crust.
The main constituent inorganic compounds of animal shells, teeth, and bone as well as several key types found in living organisms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, all contain oxygen atoms.
Therefore, The existence of green algae and lamnd plants affected the early atmosphere is of existance of oxygen.
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An athete who excels at short sprints most likely has more _____________ muscle fibers as compared to a marathoner.
An athlete who excels at short sprints most likely has more fast glycolytic muscle fibers as compared to a marathoner.
What are glycolytic muscle fibers?The glycolytic muscle fibers are muscle fibers that form a portion of tissue where ATP, the energy coin for the cells, is produced via anaerobic respiration by a cellular process called glycolysis (the first step of cellular respiration).
Anaerobic respiration is different from cellular respiration because produces energy in a faster mode but it is less efficient.
In conclusion, an athlete who excels at short sprints most likely has more fast glycolytic muscle fibers as compared to a marathoner.
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The ""duck and tilapia system’ and the pig deep litter system both ""recycle inputs"". what does it mean to recycle inputs? how do these systems address sustainability?
Recycle input that means the recycling process is converted to new raw material , which can be used as an input into another manufacturing process.
The more we cycle the less garbage winds up in our landfills and incineration plants.Duck and tilapia system raising ducks over fishponds fits very well with the fish poly-culture system , and the ducks are highly compatible with the cultivated fish.
According to the S.D tripathi and B.K sharma- "raising ducks over fishponds fits very well with the fish poly-culture system as the ducks are highly compatible with cultivated fishes." There are some example of farming system such as Arable farming, mixed farming, subsistence farming, etc.
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Typically, the oxidation of fat to release energy occurs after about ________ minutes of aerobic exercise
Typically, the oxidation of fat to release energy occurs after about 15 to 20 minutes of aerobic exercise.
How does oxidation of fat occurs?After about 15 to 20 minutes of aerobic exercise, fats are oxidized in the mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) , peroxisomes.Fat oxidation involves the breakdown of fatty acids.Mainly oxidation of fats is beta- oxidation which occurs in the mitochondria. It is named so because the bond between second (beta) and third carbon breaks.In the peroxisomes, alpha and beta oxidation of fats occur.While in the ER, omega oxidation occurs. It is an alternative to beta oxidation in some animals where omega carbon is oxidized.The rate of fat oxidation depends upon exercise duration, intensity, weight, nutrition.Oxidation of fats provides energy in low intensity exercises by contraction of muscles.Learn more about oxidation of fats here:
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Organelles called lysosomes contain ______ that break down food particles, old organelles, and other cellular debris.
Organelles called lysosomes contain an array of enzymes that break down food particles, old organelles, and other cellular debris.
What is meant by organelles?Inside cells, organelles are specialized structures that carry out a variety of functions..What are lysosomes?An organelle of a cell with a membrane that houses digestive enzymes is called a lysosome.Every eukaryotic cell has membrane-bound organelles called lysosomes. They are well-known as terminal catabolic stations that eliminate waste from cells and scavenge metabolic raw materials to maintain vital biosynthetic reactions under famine.Functions of lysosomes:Numerous cell processes involve lysosomes. They disassemble extra or worn-out cell components. They could be utilized to eliminate invasive bacteria and viruses.To learn more about lysosomes visit:
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What kind of antibody does a baby receive from its mother’s colostrums (first milk)?
a. igd
b. iga
c. igm
d. igb
e. igg
iga and igg antibody present in Colostrum, the first breast milk.
Primary immunoglobulin in human milk is IgA .Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an antibody blood protein that's part of your immune system. Your body makes IgA and other type of antibodies to help fight off sickness. Antibodies like IgG antibodies in breast milk help shape infants' gut bacteria and immunity. Researchers have known for some time that maternal breast milk provides critical nutrients for newborns, and antibodies from mothers vaccinated against a specific disease-causing bacterium or virus can be transferred via breast milk to babies. These antibodies provided infants with high grade of protection from infection for approximately 3 to 6 months, giving their own immune systems time to mature.
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How has gene duplication played a critical role in evolution? see concept 21.5 (page)
Answer:
Explanation: Without gene duplication, mutation of genes would not exist. This would prevent organisms from adapting to their environment, making survival much more difficult if not impossible.
I honestly think it is answer 1 or 3 but please help out and give your opinion on this
Antibiotic C was the most effective in controlling the growth. The 3rd option is the correct one.
Antibiotics and bacterial growthAntibiotics are substances that either inhibits the growth of or kill bacteria.
Those that inhibit the growth of bacteria are said to be bacteriostatic while those that kill bacteria are said to be bacteriocidal.
Looking at the four graphs, the only graph in which the number of bacteria decreased perpetually is the 3rd graph. That is the graph in which antibiotic C was added.
Antibiotic B also decreased the growth of the bacteria initially. However, the bacteria resumed normal growth with time.
It seems the bacteria have become resistant to the effects of Antibiotics A and B. With antibiotic resistance, bacteria thrive in the presence of antibiotics. These microbes are able to develop resistance through natural selection.
Thus, the most effective antibiotic from the graphs would be antibiotic C.
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What bacterial infection requires confirmation through serological testing since it is difficult to culture the organism (causative agent)?
The technique most frequently used to identify infections with
C. pneumoniae is through serological testing.
What is bacterial infection?When bacteria enter the body, multiply, and trigger an immune response in the body, a bacterial infection results. Through an opening in your skin, such as a cut or surgical wound, or through your airway, germs can enter your body and cause diseases like bacterial pneumonia.What is serological testing?Serological testing is a laboratory examination that looks for antibodies or other chemicals in a sample of blood. The immune system of the body produces antibodies, which are proteins, in response to a foreign substance or bacterium, such as a virus.Examples of serological testing:There are numerous types of serological testing, including,
chemiluminescence immunoassays ELISAs hemagglutinin-inhibition tests neutralization testsflocculation tests neutralization tests.Complement-fixation assays are the most widely used flocculation tests.
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Maddie, age 2, had a complete blood count (cbc) drawn at her last visit. it indicates that she has a microcytic hypochromic anemia. what should you do now at this visit?
Maddie, age 2, had a complete blood count (cbc) drawn at her last visit. it indicates that she has a microcytic hypochromic anemia. you should Obtain a lead level of Maddie's blood.
Lead damages heme production and speeds up red blood cell oxidation, which results in anemia. Microcytic, hypochromic anemia is the type of anemia that is most frequently encountered, yet it is most likely caused by other factors such iron shortage. Due to lead's inhibition of ferro chelatase, the red blood cell progenitors accumulate iron-rich mitochondria, which is related to the process of the ring sideroblasts. Hypochromic microcytic anemia and basophilic stippling of red blood cells are symptoms of lead toxicity. When lead toxicity coexists with iron deficiency anemia, hypochromia and microcytosis are frequently observed. In every instance of lead poisoning, it's critical to evaluate the iron storage status (ferritin).learn more about anemia here: https://brainly.com/question/8197071
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What adaptive immune responses, if any, could one expect to function in a human born without a thymus?
Adaptive immune response is an immunity response that occurs after exposure to a foreign substance .
The thymus gland a primary lymphoid organ is an important part of immune system as T cells develop in the thymus. The cells of the adaptive immune system are lymphocytes B cells and T cells. As adaptive immune system depends on T cell and innate immune system, one cannot function properly and constantly get sick from bacteria or viruses infection, if born without it.
Removal of the thymus at later stages of life has no significant effect on immunity because enough T-cells are generated during fetal stage, i.e. before birth.
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