A patient infected with a mutant strain of Bordetella pertussis that lacks functional adhesins will most likely not develop the disease.
What are adhesins?Adhesins are any of the several factors that enable bacteria to adhere to epithelial surfaces of the host cell as a step towards infection.
It is very cogent for bacterial pathogens to attach or adhere to the surface of a host cell because they can be easily flushed off.
However, this means that if a bacterial pathogen cannot adhere successfully to a host cell surface, it will likely not be able to replicate and cause disease.
Therefore, a patient infected with a mutant strain of Bordetella pertussis that lacks functional adhesins will most likely not develop the disease.
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The most likely in a patient infected with B pertussis that lacks functional adhesins is that bacterium cannot colonize the lower respiratory system.
What are adhesins?Adhesins are specific proteins used by cells (both host cells and pathogenic microorganisms) capable of binding to other cell surfaces.
These proteins (adhesins) are fundamental during the disease progression in order to infect suitable hosts, thereby they are virulence factors and therapeutic targets.
In conclusion, the most likely in a patient infected with B pertussis that lacks functional adhesins is that bacterium cannot colonize the lower respiratory system.
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A researcher most likely prepared two versions of a survey with different question sequencing to address the issue of
A researcher most likely prepared two versions of a survey with different question sequencing to address the issue of question order.
What is a science question?A science question is any type of research inquiry that is used to provide a plausible explanation (hypothesis) which is tested by using the scientific method.
The scientific method is a series of steps by which experimental and/or observational evidence is collected to answer a given question.
In conclusion, a researcher most likely prepared two versions of a survey with different question sequencing to address the issue of question order.
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_____ is a hormone associated in boys with genital development, increased height, and a deepening of the voice
Answer:
testosterone is the hormone associated with male puberty.
What does the stomach have in common with the blood vessels, the arrector pili muscles, and the bronchioles?
Arrector pili muscles stomach have in common with the blood vessels.
The appendageal structures of the skin include the hair follicle, sebaceous gland, the apocrine gland, and the arrector pili muscle (APM), these structures are all located in the dermis and are functionally and anatomically related.
The contraction of these muscle are involuntary, in response to Stresses such as cold, fear .Thick skin also contains no arrector pili muscles, which cause goosebumps. Thick skin is thicker because it contains an extra layer in the epidermis, called the stratum lucidum.
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In s. pneumoniae, the presence of a capsule is a factor that defines the more virulent (likely to cause severe disease) strain. What is most likely to be a reason for this?
The Smooth Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is the one with the Capsule is Virulent. The bacteria causes the disease due to the presence of capsule which helps to escape the host.
In Streptococcus pneumonia, there exist two categories:
1. Bacteria not having the capsule which is called the Rough Streptococcus Pneumoniae. It is Non-Virulent i.e. it does not cause any harm to the host.
2. Bacteria having the capsule which is called the Smooth Streptococcus pneumoniae. It is Virulent i.e. it does cause harm to the host by causing the disease.
The presence of capsule provides protection to the bacterium allowing it to escape from the immune system of the host. As a result, the host's immune system cannot recognize and invade the disease-causing bacteria allowing the bacteria to harm the host body.
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Which lobe of the brain is associated with personality and intellectual functioning?
How many atp molecules are consumed in the hexose stage of glycolysis for every one molecule of glucose?
Three ATP molecules are consumed in the hexose stage of glycolysis for every one molecule of glucose.
What is glycolysis?The metabolic process that turns glucose into pyruvic acid is known as glycolysis. The high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are created using the free energy released during this process. A series of ten enzyme-catalyzed processes make up glycolysis.The process by which glucose is broken down to provide energy is known as glycolysis. There is no need for oxygen throughout the process, which occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. Both aerobic and anaerobic creatures experience it.The initial process in breaking down glucose to release energy for cellular metabolism is called glycolysis. An energy-consuming phase and an energy-releasing phase make up glycolysis.Learn more about glycolysis here:
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The behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females are known as.
The behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females are known as Gender.
What is Gender?How can you tell visually whether a baby is a boy or a girl when you see one? You can search for a girl's bow or outfit, or you might just observe the pink attire. In order to identify a child's sex in elementary school, you would look at the child's hairstyle and clothing choices. By middle and high school, you would start to notice physical traits and differences, such as disparities in the average heights of the sexes and changes in the facial hair and voice patterns for young men and young women, respectively.
Teenagers' physical traits are mostly influenced by their DNA, as well as their reproductive systems and hormone production as a result.
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Differences between sexual vs asexual reproduction
Asexual:
One parent
Identical offspring
Less developed organism
Faster time period to produce
Sexual
Two parents
Unique offspring (genetic variation)
More complex organism
Slower time period to produce
Judging and evaluating advertisements requires critical thinking because _______. a. advertisements can contain confusing, misleading information b. all advertisements contain false information c. advertisers always want to convince consumers to buy unnecessary items d. truth in advertising laws ensure the accuracy of information in advertisements please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Judging and evaluating advertisements requires critical thinking because advertisements can contain confusing, misleading information.
How can advertisements be misleading?Advertising is considered deceptive under consumer law if it contains false, misleading, or deceptive material that is likely to persuade the typical consumer to behave in a way they might not have otherwise. Advertising may also be deemed deceptive if it omits crucial details that the typical consumer would require to make an informed choice. Manufacturers, distributors, and retailers may make false statements to consumers directly or through catalogs, websites, commercials, and other media.
Examples of misleading advertisements:
Misrepresentation of how the product or service is delivered, such as when free delivery is claimed yet there is really a price or payment for delivery.Any part of the advertising is misrepresented, such as when the company is falsely claimed to be a member of a trade association.Even if the information in the advertisement is accurate, it nevertheless gives the viewer a false image of the good or service.Learn more about misleading advertisements here:
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A
Judging and evaluating advertisements requires critical thinking because advertisements can contain confusing, misleading information, i just took the test
A paramecium absorbs materials frpm its environemtn and circulatst these materials throughut its cytoplasm. which life function is described by these activites?
A paramecium absorbs materials from its environment and circulates these materials throughout its cytoplasm. The life function that is described by these activities is that Food from cytoplasm is absorbed and used for energy and materials that are needed for growth.
All living organisms have assured characteristics that differentiate them from non-living forms. The basic processes of life include organization, metabolism, responsiveness, movements, and reproduction. In paramecium Cilia have important functions such as locomotion through the surrounding water and ingestion of food into the cytostome. The cilia responsible for the ingestion of food are mainly localized in the gullet, which is a funnel shaped depression of the cell surface.
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Part 2
1. Go to Phet Reversible Reactions Simulation (click here).
2. Add in 5 of each A and B molecules
3. After observing for 10 seconds, what is happeningto both the A and B molecules? Other
observations?
It is observed that after adding 5 each to molecules A and B; of Phet Reversible Reactions that the equilibrium goes right, away from the reactant
However, on the other side, If we add product, equilibrium goes left, away from the product
This is because in reversible reactions, both forward and backward or reverse directions of the reaction usually occur at the same time.
What are reversible reactions?Reversible reactions can be defined as a type of chemical reaction in which the reactants form the products that; and in turn, react together to give the reactants back.
Generally, reversible reactions usually will reach an equilibrium point where the concentrations of the reactants and products will no longer change.
Please note that the " Phet " mentioned above means Physics Education Technology. It is a research based simulations for tutoring science subjects
So therefore, it is observed that after adding 5 each to molecules A and B; of Phet Reversible Reactions that the equilibrium goes right, away from the reactant
Complete question:
What happens when you add 5 each to molecules A and B in a reversible reaction?
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You perform a cell free translation experiment like nirenberg and matthaei. you start with 60 and 40. what relative amount of radiolabeled proline do you expect in the translated polypeptides?
36 % of radio-labeled proline can be expected in the translated polypeptides. Pro-line is 10% of amino acid in collagen such as bone broth, chicken wings, pork rinds, gelatin.
During pre-mRNA proceed to form mature mRNA molecules can be translated to build the protein molecules like polypeptide encoded by original gene. Pro-line is unique that only amino acid where the side chain is connected to the protein backbone twice and form a five membrane nitrogen containing ring.
Polypeptide is bio-material composed of repeating amino acid units which linked by a peptide bond. Translation involves in decoding a messenger RNA and using its information to build polypeptide.
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A group of biologists would like to recreate suitable habitats for wildlife in a particular area. they would also like to help fight climate change. to achieve these goals, the biologists decide to increase the density of trees and the canopy thickness in the area. which biodiversity restoration method should the biologists use?
The method the biologists should use is Reforestation.
What is Reforestation and how it is important?Reforestation is one of the land regeneration methods. It is a natural or a man-made process of replanting trees in a particular area. Normally, plants can grow independently due to dispersed seeds, but forest land gets degraded badly, so intentional reforestation needs to be done. This process has the following advantages:
It increases the density of trees in that area.
It increases the canopy thickness in that area.
It rebuilds a suitable habitat for wildlife.
It helps in fighting climate change.
It helps in bringing rain timely.
It helps in fighting environmental pollution.
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What are the odds of finding the energy concentrated on just a few molecules in a macroscopically-measurable sample?
The odds of finding the energy concentrated on just a few molecules in a macroscopically-measurable sample are very less likely.
If energy was only concentrated onto one molecule, the law of entropy is not followed because the system becomes organized into that one molecule only and the other molecules do not have energy. Due to the property of entropy, the energy will more likely be spread among all molecules rather than just one molecule.
Free atoms have greater entropy than molecules. The entropy of a substance increases with its molecular weight and complexity and with temperature.
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Why are amphibians known as the ""planet’s greatest survivors""? How have they evolved over time?
Amphibians are referred to as the "planet's greatest survivors" because they have repeatedly avoided extinction over the course of 400 million years.
How did the amphibians survive?
Over the years, the amphibians have had to adapt to various surroundings. Small animals called amphibians require water or a moist environment to exist. This group of species includes newts, salamanders, toads, and frogs. All have extremely thin skin that allows them to breathe and absorb water. Additionally, amphibians have unique skin glands that create functional proteins.
According to fossil evidence, amphibians descended from lobe-finned lungfish about 365 million years ago. They were very successful since they were the first terrestrial vertebrates. Some of them were considerably bigger than modern-day amphibians. The predominant group of land vertebrates for more than 100 million years was amphibians.
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What structure is not perfused as blood flows from the venae cavae to the pulmonary veins?
Left anterior descending artery is not perfused as blood flows from the venae cava to the pulmonary veins.
Blood is supplied to the front of the left side of the heart by the left anterior descending artery, which arises from the left coronary artery.The left coronary artery's circumflex artery splits off and surrounds the heart muscle. The lateral side and rear of the heart both receive blood from this artery.The right atrium receives blood from the body that is low in oxygen from the inferior and superior vena cava. Right ventricular blood is transported by the pulmonary artery into the lungs, where it is infused with oxygen. The left atrium receives blood that is oxygenated from the pulmonary veins.learn more about venae cava here: https://brainly.com/question/3906038
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Left anterior descending artery structure is not perfused as blood flows from the venae cavae to the pulmonary veins.
What is left anterior?When something interferes with the signal of your heartbeat at the left anterior fascicle of your left bundle branch, it is known as a left anterior fascicular block. As a result, the left ventricle of your heart contracts after the right ventricle.Left anterior fascicular block (LAFB), which causes scarring in a portion of the left ventricle, is a disease of the heart that may not be as benign as currently believed and may raise the risk of heart failure, sudden cardiac death, or atrial fibrillation.Left bundle branch block occurs seldom in young, healthy individuals. If you don't have any other underlying heart issues, this illness appears to have little impact on how long you survive. If your heart is unaffected by any other diseases, you might not even need treatment.Blood is supplied to the front of the left side of the heart by the left anterior descending artery, which arises from the left coronary artery. The left coronary artery's circumflex artery splits off and surrounds the heart muscle. The lateral side and rear of the heart both receive blood from this artery.Learn more about Left anterior here:
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What would you label the range of temperature from 90°f to 94°f for this particular species?
The tolerance range of a species is determined by environmental conditions. The range of temperature from 90°f to 94°f for this particular fish species is the Physiological stress zone. Option B.
What is the tolerance range of a species?
The tolerance range can be defined as the range of environmental conditions between which an organism or a species is potentially capable of surviving.
When talking about environmental conditions, we are referring to factors such as temperature, pH, latitude, altitude, salinity, humidity, radiation, etcetera. These are the limiting factors.
Limiting factors are environmental biotic or abiotic conditions that directly act on populations and individuals, limiting their distribution and growth. These factors affect natality and mortality rate, migration, etcetera.
The tolerance range depends on the species and the individual development stage.
• Different species express different tolerance ranges for the same limiting factor.
• An individual can change its tolerance range with time.
Three different zones can be distinguished for a species according to its tolerance range,
Optimum zone → there is a high number of individualsPhysiological stress zone → there is a low number of individualsIntolerance zone → No individuals at allIn the exposed example,
Optimum zone → Between 95F-96FPhysiological stress zone → 97F-100F and 90F-94F Intolerance zone → Above 100F and Below 90FIn the attched files you will find a graph with this information.
The range of temperature from 90°f to 94°f for this particular fish species is the Physiological stress zone. Option B.
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Complete question:
Use the following example for the question. A species of fish can withstand a narrow range of temperature. Above 100F there are no individuals present. In the range from 97F-100F and 90F-94F there are a few individuals present. Below 90F there are no individuals present. Between 95F-96F there are many individuals.
What would you label the range of temperature from 90F to 94F for this particular species?
A. zone of intolerance
B. zone of physiological stress
C. tolerance limit range
D. optimal range
E. range of tolerance
Discuss how temperature and amount of precipitation can affect the type of plants and animals found in the deciduous biome.
Climate affects the type of plants and animals found in the deciduous biome. The high temperatures and rain create a warm, damp environment that insects enjoy living in. Many kinds of plants, animals, and insects have all evolved to suit the climate. This variety of creatures is what makes deciduous biome unique.
What types of plants and animals are found in deciduous biome?Calm deciduous timberlands are found within the mid-latitude zones which implies that they are found between the polar locales and the tropics. The deciduous timberland locales are uncovered to warm and cold discuss masses, which cause this range to have four seasons. The temperature changes broadly from season to season with cold winters and hot, damp summers. The normal annually temperature is approximately 10°C. The regions in which deciduous timberlands are found get almost 750 to 1,500 mm of precipitation spread decently evenly throughout the year. During the drop, trees change color and after that lose their takes off. Typically in arrangement for the winter season. Since it gets so cold, the trees have adjusted to the winter by going into a period of torpidity or rest. They too have thick bark to ensure them from the cold climate. Trees bloom and develop amid the spring and summer developing season. Many distinctive sorts of trees, bushes, and herbs develop in deciduous woodlands.To know more about Biomes visit:
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The stimuli causing endocrine glands to secrete their hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of certain critical ions and nutrients are called __________
The stimuli causing endocrine glands to secrete their hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of certain critical ions and nutrients are called Humoral stimuli.
Humoral stimuli refer to the control of hormone release in response to changes in extracellular fluids such as blood or the ion concentration in the blood. For example, a rise in blood glucose levels triggers the pancreatic release of insulin.
The term humoral is derived from the term humor, which refers to bodily fluids such as blood. Insulin causes blood glucose levels to drop, which signals the pancreas to stop producing insulin in a negative feedback loop.
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The inability of lateral inhibition to explain White's illusion suggests that some contrast effects are based in the retina. the cortex. the optic nerve. the cornea.
The inability of lateral inhibition to explain White's illusion suggests that some contrast effects are based in the cortex.
What is white's illusion?The perceptual phenomenon known as "White's illusion" occurs when two equiluminant gray patches are superimposed on a square-wave grating in black and white and appear to be of different luminosities.A test patch placed on the grating's dark stripe appears lighter than one placed on the stripe with light color.White's illusion is an optical illusion highlighting the fact that the same target luminance can elicit various perceptions of brightness in differentWhite's illusion is a brightness illusion when specific stripes of a black and white grating is partially replaced by a gray rectangle.According to Novick, the Munker-White illusion is the cause of this distorted impression. Fundamentally, Novick claimed that the illusion is effective because "our acuity for shape is better than our acuity for color, which means that we see the shapes with more detail and the colors with less detail."Learn more about White's illusion here:
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Streams that disappear into sinkholes are a sure sign of karst land.
Select one:
True
False
Answer:
Explanation:
true
Stimulation of what area causes contraction of muscles on the opposite side of the body?
Stimulation of Myofibrils present in the Muscle causes contraction.
A muscle contraction occurs when the Action Potential travels along the nerves thereby leading to contraction.
The action potential generated at the muscle occurs due to the release of Acetylcholine through the motor neuron. Calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the muscle are released on detection of action potential leading to the further events of muscle contraction by shortening of the length of the sarcomeres running along the length of the myofibrils.
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If 10 W/m2 impacts a surface and only 3 W/m2 is reemitted back, what is the surface's albedo as a percent?
Numerical Answers Expected!
The surface's albedo of the incident light as a percent is determined as 30%.
What is surface's albedo?
The surface albedo quantifies the fraction of the sunlight reflected by the surface of the Earth.
The surface's albedo of the body is calculated as follows;
surface albedo = intensity of light reemitted / total intensity of light on the surface
As fractionsurface albedo = 3/10 = 0.3
As percentagesurface albedo = 0.3 x 100% = 30%
Thus, the surface's albedo of the incident light as a percent is determined as 30%.
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As you go deeper underground, rock sediments become more compact. this causes a(n) _______ in the permeability of most aquifer soils as you go deeper in the aquifer
As you go deeper underground, rock sediments become more compact. this causes a(n) decrease in the permeability of most aquifer soils as you go deeper in the aquifer.
Pore connectivity is gauged by a material's permeability. The passage of groundwater through the sediment or rock is made possible by the interconnection of pore spaces. An effective aquifer is a rock unit or sediment that holds useable groundwater. A good aquifer combines water storage (porosity) and flow (permeability). The main factor governing fluid flow in the Earth's crust is permeability, which typically decreases with depth. Sandstone, conglomerate, fractured limestone, and unconsolidated sand and gravel are examples of the types of rock that make up aquifers and must be both permeable and porous. In groundwater, permeability is the most crucial factor. How easily water can pass through rock or loose silt is referred to as permeability.learn more about aquifer here: https://brainly.com/question/15921008
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Economic growth provides society ______. multiple select question. greater material abundance fewer goods and services more goods and services higher living standards a lower quality of goods
Economic growth provides society more goods and services.
So, option third is correct one.
The economic growth increases state capacity and the supply of public growth. When economies grow , states can tax that revenue and gain the capacity and resources that needed to provide public goods and service that citizen needs like education , healthcare facilities , social protection and other basic public services which helps in development of the societies. It can also increases in capital goods , labor force , technology, and human capital can all contribute to economic growth.
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Nevus, also known as a mole, is a small dark skin growth that develops from melanocytes in the skin. _____ are atypical (meaning abnormal) moles that can develop into skin cancers.
Nevus, also known as a mole, is a small dark skin growth that develops from melanocytes in the skin. dysplastic nevi are atypical (meaning abnormal) moles that can develop into skin cancers.
These are unusual-looking moles that have formless features when observed under a microscope and their presence means that there is an increased risk of melanoma.
What is a Skin Disease?This refers to the growths on the skin that is caused by foreign substances and develops into melanocytes.
Hence, we can see that dysplastic nevi are atypical (meaning abnormal) moles that can develop into skin cancers.
They can appear benign but they are abnormal and they have formless features when observed under a microscope and their presence means that there is an increased risk of melanoma.
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What are the steps that lead to increased excitability in a neuron when ne is released presynaptically?
What are the steps that lead to increased excitability in a neuron when ne is released presynaptically? G-protein in the membrane is activated when the NE receptor is attached to a receptor.
What is excitability in a neuron?The action potential serves as the foundation for a neuron's excitability, or its capacity to produce a significant, fast shift in membrane voltage in response to a very minor input. The loss of the negative transmembrane potential due to an inward current of positive charges is caused by the action potential, which typically progresses to a positive transmembrane potential before swiftly repolarizing back to a negative transmembrane potential.
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The purple spots on colorless background of corn kernels observed by barbara mcclintock were the result of _______.
The purple spots on colorless background of corn kernels observed by barbara mcclintock were the result of transposition of the Ds elements out of the color gene.
Extrachromosomal loops that do not adequately mate with their homolog can be used to identify duplications and deletions during meiosis.
What is and example of a gene?
The definition of a gene is a unit on a chromosome that determines a specific trait in an organism, or a male's name. An example of a gene is a chromosome unit that determines a person's eye color. An example of a man named Gene is the actor Gene Wilder.What are the 4 types of genes?
There are four different chemical types: A, C, T, and G. A gene is a segment of DNA composed of an As, Cs, Ts, and Gs sequence. Every cell in your body contains about 20,000 of your genes due to how little they are.Learn more about gene.
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Based on your understanding of fruit fly phenotypes, which tobacco plant phenotype would be considered the wild type phenotype?
Based on the understanding of fruit fly phenotypes, the wild type phenotype of tobacco plant shows following characteristics:-
The stem is thick and not much branched.The leaves of the plant are lanceolate, tapering on both the ends, yellowish-green above and paler beneath.The plant has sticky hair on all of its parts.And the flowers are lavender-blue with yellow stamens, in compact clusters at ends of branches.A wild type phenotype is the one that predominates in a natural population of organisms in contrast to that of laboratory mutant forms. For example-the physical appearance of wild type flies includes red eyes, yellow-brown body color, as well as transverse black rings across their abdomen.
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