What is meant by stock of resources? Please answer this question from ncert social textbook.....

Wegener's idea of continental drift was rejected by American geologists because of B. He could not conceive of a valid mechanism that would cause continents to shift positions.

Wegener's failure to provide an adequate explanation for the forces responsible for continental drift and the popular belief that the Earth is solid and immobile led to the scientific rejection of his theory.

Wegener's idea that the continents moved slowly over the Earth's surface became known as continental drift. Why was Wegener's hypothesis rejected? Because Wegener was unable to pinpoint the cause of continental drift, most geologists rejected his idea.

Rejection of Wegener's theory, 1910s to his 1950s. Although the continental drift theory is now accepted, it has been rejected for many years because the evidence is considered insufficient. One problem was the lack of a plausible driving force.

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Infiltration of shifts to runoff is a way of converting forests to mostly paved urban areas changing the streams and rivers in the affected watersheds.

This is further explained below.

Generally, The transformation of forested regions into primarily paved urban areas may cause changes to the streams and rivers that are contained within the watersheds that are impacted. Infiltration can give way to runoff. When an amount of precipitation falls that is more than the pace at which a soil can absorb it, runoff occurs and travels downslope or pools on the surface in regions that are level. Erosion may occur when runoff travels through soil that is either bare or just partially covered by vegetation.

In conclusion, After precipitation, water may enter the water cycle through two different routes: runoff or infiltration. Infiltration is water that seeps into the soil, while runoff is water that flows over the ground. A great quantity of water is moved over the Earth's surface through runoff, where it finally ends up in lakes and seas.

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Answer:

Explanation:

we can avoid cutting trees

Answer:

You can contribute to the efforts against deforestation by doing these easy steps:

Meteorite  is a rocky or metallic object that gets too close to the atmosphere and lands on the earth's surface.

Most meteorites that enter Earth's atmosphere decay before reaching the ground. Pieces that hit the Earth's surface are called meteorites. Meteors burn up when they hit  Earth's atmosphere.

If a meteor lands on Earth, it is called a meteorite. Before reaching the atmosphere, objects are called meteorites. Asteroids are always found in space. Once it enters the atmosphere, it will become a meteor,  then a meteor after it hits the ground. Each is made of the same basic materials - minerals and rocks - and each is sourced from outer space.

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In the region surrounding Orlando, Florida, effluent produced by secondary wastewater treatment is routed through wetlands before entering the St. Johns River system.

Florida uses either centralized household or municipal wastewater treatment facilities, or on-site sewage treatment and disposal systems, such as OSTDS or septic tanks, to treat domestic wastewater.

Effluent from secondary wastewater treatment is sent via wetlands in the area surrounding Orlando, Florida before it enters the St. Johns River system.

Waste, that people put in the trash cans, typically ends up in one of three locations: a landfill, an MRF, or a waste energy plant. MRF stands for material recycling facility and is pronounced: "Murph."

Recycling curbside pickup is fairly prevalent in Florida. One may deposit all of the recyclables in one cart because Orlando uses single-stream recycling. Large cartons may become trapped and keep your recycling in your cart.

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For most wells, after several minutes of operation the water level in and around the well will stabilize, where the water level is called the pumping water level.

Electric substations, manufacturing facilities, chemical plants, and other liquid storage systems all make use of the water level indication circuits. This straightforward system has a wide range of potential applications, some of which include monitoring a sump pit (to regulate pump activation), rain detection, and leak detection.

The distance between the earth surface (or other measuring point) and the water in the well when it is pumping is known as the pumping water level. It is customary to also note the moment the pumping water level was monitored.

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Since stock resources are consumed over a long period of time, they are not renewable. They often indicate their quantity using absolute values rather than rates. Coal and petroleum reserves are two examples.

There are resources that are known to exist that could be used. Resources that have been created, whose amount and quality have been determined for use, and which are currently in use, are referred to as developed resources. Future-use resources are defined, and their current value is acknowledged. However, they aren't being utilized right now. Resource stocks create and market a variety of goods. These include oil, copper, uranium, tin, fertilizers, and oil. Although developing a distinctive product is difficult for resource producers, businesses can differentiate themselves by identifying and producing their commodities swiftly and profitably.

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The Great Barrier Reef, which can be seen from outer space, is 1,600 miles (2,600 km) long.

How far out is the Great Barrier Reef from land?

The reef is situated between 15 and 150 kilometers offshore, depending on the land points, and is a massive and lovely 2,300 kilometer long creation made up of groups of 2900 reefs, 900 islands, and numerous sand cays.

Is the Great Barrier Reef a wonder of the world?

The largest coral reef system and greatest living structure on the earth, it is one of the seven natural wonders of the world and a treasured World Heritage Site. It spreads across a staggering 344,400 square kilometers, a region so big that it can be seen from orbit.

What is the coral reef system?

Corals that build reefs define the underwater ecosystem known as a coral reef. Reefs are constructed by coral polyp colonies that are connected by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are composed of stony corals, whose polyps cluster.

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Answer:

longshore current

Explanation:

In essence, the Kepler mission is exploring for extrasolar planets by monitoring stars for little dimming that might occur as unnoticed planets pass in front of them.

The Kepler Mission is designed to explore our region of the Milky Way galaxy to locate hundreds of Earth-size and, smaller planets in/near the inhabitable zone and select the fraction of the hundreds of billions of stars  that might have such planets in our galaxy.

NASA's Kepler Space Telescope was an observatory in space dedicated to finding planets beyond our solar system, with a particular focus on finding planets that might compare Earth.

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The contact between the breccia and the underlying granite is an example of angular unconformity.

Angular conformity  usually take place when strata of sedimentary rock are deposited and tilted on another layer where the upper layer is younger compare to lower layer. The unconformity could represent the period of time where there no preserved sediments in s region.

This is the type of unconformity where deposition of tilted and eroded surface layers separates horizontally parallel strata of sedimentary rock.In an angular unconformity, the eroded rock is tilted or folded. it is also a type of separation that is present between the younger rocks and the older rocks units.

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Answer:

Geomorphology

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An estimated 500 million people are expected to be moving from rural areas to cities.

A rural area, sometimes known as the countryside, is a geographical area located outside of towns and cities. Rural areas typically have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural and forestry areas are sometimes referred to as rural.

Rural regions are those that are not in towns or cities. They are frequently farms or agricultural settings. These locations are commonly referred to as "the country" or "the countryside." People who live "in the country" may reside in tiny settlements, but they may also dwell in areas with no other houses nearby.

A rural person is someone who lives in the country. A farmer is an example of a rural person. Rural refers to agricultural or country life.

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Answer:

On Earth the continuous gravitational relationship between Earth and the Moon creates another effect—the tides. The Moon's gravitational force pulls the oceans upward. As Earth rotates on its axis and the Moon revolves around Earth, the oceans rise and fall in response to the shifting force of the Moon's gravity.

A cyclic change in the earth system repeats the same steps over and over, though not necessarily with the same results or at the same rate.

According to the uniformitarianism theory of geology, all geologic change may be explained by the fact that Earth's geologic processes behaved in basically the same way and intensity in the past as they do today. The growth of the study of geology as a whole is supported by this notion, which is essential to geologic thought.

A pattern that repeats is called a cycle. The Earth system contains several cycles. Every day, cycles are visible. The day is actually a cycle. The Earth completes one full rotation around its axis in a single day. Each cycle lasts for roughly a day. Each day is a cycle of light and darkness throughout much of the planet. We spend much of the day in the sun. Then, it is daylight. We don't the other part of the day. Then, it is nighttime.

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A cyclic change in the earth system repeats the same steps over and over, though not necessarily with the same results or at the same rate.

The Earth's climate cycles across a wide range of time scales, from years to decades to centuries to millennia. Different physical processes can start cycles at different scales. All of these layered systems and cycles working in concert determine the climate over any particular period.

Scientists examine Earth's cycles in an effort to understand how our world functions. Our planet's climates can vary as a result of modifications to Earth's cycles. Our understanding of how humans are influencing these cycles and how that can transform the world will grow as we learn more about them.

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Answer:

Conurbation

Explanation:

Conurbation referred as an extended suburb areas mostly settled outside the main cities. These are of great economic importance and provides employment to most of the population in a particular country.

Due to densely populated, it serves as a source for Entrepreneurship and scaling up of new industries and infrastructure. There are many conurbation present in the world which serves as a purpose of developing the country. Some of them are New York conurbation, London conurbation.

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Precipitate is a part of the cycle of water that allows water to rainfall from the clouds in the sky, which comes after their condensation.

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In addition to these, a factor that can influence the global distribution of precipitation is the local humidity. It's given mainly by the presence of forests or other ecosystems with different plant species that can absorb and release humidity into the atmosphere.

There factors that influence the global distribution is moisture supply, frontal position , atmospheric instability , general circulation of the atmosphere , proximity of large bodies of water and topography.

Wind travels from high pressure area to low pressure area and this factor that determines wind direction is air pressure. Heat and pressure caused the wind to shift direction.

There is one effect which determines the movement of large scale winds as well as localized high and low pressure system which is known as Coriolis effect. Higher winds speeds promotes the evaporation which destabilized the boundary layer and triggers deep convection and increase rainfall.

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Explanation:

Mechanical Weathering Mechanical weathering, also called physical weathering and disaggregation, causes rocks to crumble. Water, in either liquid or solid form, is often a key agent of mechanical weathering. For instance, liquid water can seep into cracks and crevices in rock.

The past, present, or future information that can be gained by studying sedimentary rocks includes the following:-

Sedimentary rocks are fashioned from deposits of pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-dwelling organisms that accumulate on the planet's surface. If sediment is buried deeply, it becomes compacted and cemented, forming sedimentary rock.

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock which might be shaped by the buildup or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's floor, followed by way of cementation. Sedimentation is the collective call for procedures that cause that debris to settle in the area.

Common sedimentary rocks include sandstone, limestone, and shale. those rocks regularly start as sediments carried in rivers and deposited in lakes and oceans. while buried, the sediments lose water and end up cemented to shape rock. Tuffaceous sandstones contain volcanic ash.

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Using the principle of superposition, the topmost book in the pile would be identified as the newest. Therefore, option c is correct.

The principle of superposition is a fundamental concept in geology that states that in an undisturbed sequence of rock layers, the youngest rocks are located on top while the oldest rocks are found at the bottom.

This principle is based on the understanding that sedimentary layers accumulate over time, with each new layer being deposited on top of the older layers.

By observing the relative positions of different rock layers, geologists can determine the relative ages of the rocks and reconstruct the history of geological events that have shaped the Earth's surface.

Therefore, option c is correct.

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The mineral is present in all types of igneous rocks biotite, quartz, olivine, amphibole, plagioclase, and K-feldspar.

Ultramafic metamorphic rocks arise from the metamorphism of mantle rocks and some oceanic crusts and contain mainly magnesium, silicon, and carbon dioxide, with minor amounts of iron, calcium, and aluminum.

Ultramafic intrusions include dunite, peridotite, and pyroxene. another rare variety is troctolite, which has a high proportion of calcareous plagioclase. these are classified as anorthosite. gabbros and nitrites often occur in the upper part of the layered ultramafic series.

Basalt and gabbro are the names for mafic igneous extrusions and intrusions, peridotite being ultramafic and komatiite being the equivalent of fine-grained extrusions.

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Ocean engineers could combat the corrosive ocean water by investing a new material which does not corrode in the ocean. Ocean engineer are prepared people to make a build systems that monitor an control coastal environment.

For preventing corrosion requirement of elimination or suppression using two principal methods, cathodic protection and coatings. They are normally, cathodic protection system are used in conjunction with coating systems.

Main objective or aim of the cathodic protection is to suppress the electrochemical reaction taking place. These engineers and naval architects work along the coast- both offshore and land.Sometimes these engineers work on oil rigs, where they oversee the repair of system that they may have design.

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We are gradually seeing that economic incentives do not enable environmental rescue or alter consumer or business behavior as we had anticipated. This cannot be left to market forces, as companies will engage in "greenwashing" in an effort to win over more "environmentally sensitive" Western consumers. We must comprehend the seriousness of many facets of contemporary human life.

Consider two cultural and habitual changes that could benefit the environment and how we might make them happen: eating habits and the use of fossil fuels.

Eating habits:

Western societies consume far too much food. It's alarming on so many levels that overweight individuals globally virtually outnumber underweight people. In ten years, 40% of Britons will be overweight, compared to 45% of Americans.

How is this environmentally degrading?

The need for crops used as animal feed and for cattle grazing is what mostly drives deforestation. Cattle is used to make the meat-heavy foods that make up a large portion of the American diet and lifestyle, such as hamburgers, steaks, pies, and stews (McDonald's). Additionally, methane, the most potent natural greenhouse gas and a significant contributor to temperature rise, is produced in large quantities by cows, which creates a number of problems for the environment (drought, sea level rise). The Amazon serves as the world's lungs, and destroying this essential ecosystem means lowering oxygen levels and moisture absorption, which reduces surface runoff and increases the risk of flooding and drought. A significant issue is meat.

How can solve this issue?

Taxation. What is the largest obstacle for the majority of low- to middle-income shoppers when they browse a menu or buy for food in supermarkets? Price. If we want to slow down the effects of climate change, meat should only be consumed once per week rather than being a need. A greater tariff on beef would result in less beef being produced and more people eating other meat, which requires significantly less space and feed for the animals. Although I am aware of the economic ramifications, the market would adjust by providing substitutes.

Carbon Emissions:

In order for society to function as it does in the modern world, it needs machinery, heating, lighting, and transportation. We need fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas for that. They cause a variety of issues.

How is this environmentally degrading?

In order for society to function as it does in the modern world, it needs machinery, heating, lighting, and transportation. We need fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas for that. They offer a variety of proaCO2 levels have been rising at unusually rapid rates since the turn of the 20th century. With the use of polluting fossil fuels, we are changing the climate of our planet. The essential greenhouse effect is being strengthened. A few issues include the alteration of warm/cold currents, an increase in sea level, and a decrease in albedo effect (the ability of white surfaces to reflect heat from the sun).  This in turn can cause drought, flooding, which in turn causes crop failure, mass displacement and immigration, which in turn? Well, probably war and if it got really bad, extinction.

How can we solve this?

Tax. You guessed it. CO2 emissions can be drastically reduced through taxation and legally enforceable legislation on company and governmental targets. Will this be a profitable endeavor? Absolutely, it would. What would we do with all the short-term tax revenue from CO2 emissions? To stop the long-term destruction, create creative and green technologies on a global scale. Businesses would be obliged to change their operating methods and move away from the combustion engine. The transportation sector would start up at a much faster rate than Tesla has demonstrated is achievable with cutting-edge automobiles and the like. a compulsion to go at a faster pace since time is of the essence. Solar and wind energy would become more effective as a result of the enormous delivery of renewable technology. We can rely on the biggest companies to innovate and generate enormous amounts of tax cash to innovate as national governments by restricting CO2 emissions and other damaging greenhouse gases released by those companies.

Thank you,

Eddie

questions

Explain the major criteria used classify settlements as urban in Ethiopia

Cape Hatteras is an example a barrier island. Option C

Cape Hatteras is a barrier islands that is found in North Carolina. It is made of sand that are gathered together in the coast or border Line.

The collection of sand forms the barrier that hinders flow through of water which is deposited at the island.

The barrier is not constant as they are always changing as a result of wave and ocean tides moving across the water.

Therefore, Cape Hatteras is an example a barrier island. Option C

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Remote sensing data and its applications are particularly valuable for Africa because the African Continent is vast and many area/environment are difficult to access.

Remote that means something which is not exactly in contact or physical contact, Sensing means getting information, data something like temperature, pressure, photograph, etc.

Remote sensing is the process of acquiring information, detecting, analyzing, monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by recording it is reflected and emitted radiation energy without having any physical contact with the object under study. This is done by capturing the reflected radiation/energy.

Some specific uses of remotely sensed images of the Earth include: Large forest fires can be mapped from space, allowing rangers to see a much larger area than from the ground. Tracking clouds to help predict the weather or watching erupting volcanoes, and help watching for dust storms.

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An urchin's jaw apparatus called Aristotle's lantern has five individual jaws that reflect the animals. The complex jaws made up of calcium plates. These  plates are connected by muscles.

Aristotle's lantern use by creature or mouth , to scrape algae off rocks and other surface as well as butting and chewing prey. According to Aristotle " the mouth apparatus of the urchin is continuous from one end to the other but it looks like a horn lantern with the panes of horn left out".

There are some examples such as - Sea urchin . It is belong to the class echinoderm. Five teeth surrounding the mouth are attached to mastication apparatus, called Aristotle's lantern.

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The earth’s atmosphere consists of five layers. These layers are exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere.

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Ground water if the natural opening is altered artificially is considered spring water in Oregon.

Groundwater use is regulated by the Ground Water Act of 1955. Water produced from manmade or naturally altered artificial apertures provides ground water, which is water found beneath the earth's surface. In the event that the natural opening is purposefully changed, spring water would then be regarded as ground water. Wells drilled after 1955 are subject to this law's requirements, but those drilled before that year are not. All uses of ground water, however, are not subject to the requirement of a water right permit.

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