what causes an increase in heart rate in compensated shock

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Answer 1

An increase in heart rate in compensated shock is caused by the body's attempt to maintain adequate blood flow and oxygen delivery to vital organs.

In compensated shock, the body undergoes a series of physiological changes to counteract the effects of reduced blood volume or inadequate oxygenation. One of the prominent changes is an increase in heart rate. Here's a detailed explanation of why this occurs:

Sympathetic Nervous System Activation: In response to the decreased blood volume or oxygenation, the body's sympathetic nervous system is activated. This activation triggers a cascade of events aimed at restoring and maintaining proper blood flow to vital organs.Release of Stress Hormones: The sympathetic response stimulates the release of stress hormones, such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), from the adrenal glands. These hormones act on the heart and blood vessels to modulate cardiovascular function.Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation: Adrenaline and noradrenaline bind to beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart muscle. This binding activates these receptors and leads to an increase in heart rate.Cardiac Output Enhancement: The increased heart rate results in an elevated cardiac output, which is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute. By increasing the heart rate, the body ensures that an adequate amount of blood is being circulated to maintain organ function.Blood Pressure Maintenance: In compensated shock, the body aims to maintain blood pressure within a normal range. The increase in heart rate helps to sustain blood pressure by enhancing the force of blood ejection from the heart with each heartbeat.Tissue Perfusion Optimization: The rise in heart rate promotes better venous return, which is the blood flow returning to the heart. This, in turn, increases the preload (volume of blood in the heart before contraction), optimizing cardiac output and ensuring sufficient blood supply to organs and tissues.

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Related Questions

Which of the following are consistent with dietary guidelines for cancer prevention?

a) limiting energy (kcal) intake
b) increasing intake of fruits and vegetables
c) having 3 drinks or more per day
d) increasing intake of salt-cured products

Answers

The following are consistent with dietary guidelines for cancer prevention: a) limiting energy (kcal) intake b) increasing intake of fruits and vegetables.

The first two options, limiting energy intake and increasing intake of fruits and vegetables, are consistent with dietary guidelines for cancer prevention. Limiting energy intake helps maintain a healthy body weight, which is linked to a lower risk of certain types of cancer. Consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables provides essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that can help protect against cancer.

On the other hand, options c) having 3 drinks or more per day and d) increasing intake of salt-cured products are not consistent with dietary guidelines for cancer prevention. Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer, including breast, liver, and colorectal cancer.

Likewise, salt-cured products have been linked to an increased risk of stomach cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to moderate alcohol consumption and limit the intake of salt-cured or processed foods for cancer prevention.

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god is the giver.of live, and he alone has the right to decide when that life should end."

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The assertion that  God is the giver of life and He alone has the right to decide when that life should end is a theological view that many people around the world hold. It is based on the belief that human beings are created in the image of God and that life is a precious gift from Him that must be respected and protected.

As the giver of life, God is seen as the source of all life, and therefore, the one who has the right to determine when it should end. This view is rooted in the belief that God is the ultimate authority and that He has a plan for each person's life. Therefore, when a person dies, it is seen as part of God's plan rather than a random occurrence.While this view is held by many, there are also those who do not share this belief. Some people believe that life is a natural process that is governed by the laws of nature and that human beings are not subject to divine intervention. Others believe that individuals have the right to make their own choices about their lives, including when and how they will die.In conclusion, the belief that God is the giver of life and He alone has the right to decide when that life should end is a deeply held theological view that has been held by many people throughout history. It is based on the belief that God is the ultimate authority and that He has a plan for each person's life.

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PHI includes information which is created or received by several types of organizations. Which of the following organizations is/are not one of those that creates PHI?

Group of answer choices

Physicians

Health insurer

Employers

Healthcare clearinghouse

Dentist

All of the above create PHI

Answers

PHI includes information which is created or received by several types of organizations. All of the above create PHI. The correct answer is: f.

All of the organizations listed—physicians, health insurers, employers, healthcare clearinghouses, and dentists—can create or receive Protected Health Information (PHI) in the course of their operations.

PHI refers to any individually identifiable health information that is created, transmitted, or maintained by these organizations or their business associates in relation to providing healthcare services or processing healthcare transactions.

It is important to ensure the proper handling and protection of PHI to comply with privacy regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States.

The correct answer is: f.

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Complete Question

PHI includes information which is created or received by several types of organizations. Which of the following organizations is/are not one of those that creates PHI?

Group of answer choices

a. Physicians

b. Health insurer

c. Employers

d. Healthcare clearinghouse

e. Dentist

f. All of the above create PHI

the divide: global inequality from conquest to free markets

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"The Divide: Global Inequality from Conquest to Free Markets" is a book written by Jason Hickel.

It examines the historical and contemporary factors that have contributed to global inequality, tracing its origins from the era of colonial conquest to the contemporary influence of free market capitalism. The book critically analyzes the role of imperialist, slavery, colonialist and neoliberal policies in perpetuating economic inequalities between nations and within societies.

Hickel argues that a global economic system driven by the pursuit of profit and exploitation exacerbates inequality and perpetuates a deep division between the north and south of the world. He presents alternative perspectives and solutions that challenge the current economic order and propose fairer and more sustainable alternatives.

Through in-depth research and analysis, The Divide sheds light on the complex dynamics of global inequality, and invites readers to critically examine the structures and systems that perpetuate these divisions and provide strategies for addressing them. Encourages consideration of transformative approaches. 

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which of the following are living, single-celled organisms that can grow and reproduce outside the body if given the appropriate nutrients?

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The living, single-celled organisms that can grow and reproduce outside the body if given the appropriate nutrients are bacteria.

Bacteria are microorganisms that belong to the domain of prokaryotes. They are capable of independent growth and reproduction, and they can thrive in various environments, including soil, water, and the human body. Bacteria play important roles in nature, some of which are beneficial to humans, while others can cause diseases. They have diverse metabolic capabilities and can adapt to different nutrient sources, allowing them to survive and multiply outside the body under favorable conditions.

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which food safety practice will help prevent biological hazards statefoodsafety

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One important food safety practice that will help prevent biological hazards is proper hand hygiene. Maintaining good hand hygiene is crucial in preventing the spread of harmful microorganisms that can cause foodborne illnesses.

Effective hand hygiene involves thorough handwashing with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds, especially before handling food, after using the restroom, and after handling raw meats or other potentially contaminated substances.

It is important to wash all surfaces of the hands, including the backs, palms, fingers, and under the nails. Proper drying of hands with a clean towel or air dryer is also essential.

Hand hygiene helps to remove dirt, debris, and harmful microorganisms from the hands, reducing the risk of cross-contamination between food and hands. This practice is especially important for food handlers, such as chefs, cooks, and servers, as they come into direct contact with food.

By consistently practicing good hand hygiene, the transmission of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens from hands to food can be minimized, reducing the likelihood of foodborne illnesses. Hand hygiene is a simple yet effective measure in maintaining food safety and protecting public health.

In conclusion, practicing proper hand hygiene is a crucial food safety practice that helps prevent biological hazards. It reduces the risk of cross-contamination and the spread of harmful microorganisms, contributing to the prevention of foodborne illnesses.

By emphasizing and implementing good hand hygiene practices, individuals in the food industry and consumers can play an active role in promoting food safety and safeguarding public health.

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One of the reasons it is difficult to accurately diagnosis clinical syndromes in very young infants is related to which of the following factors?

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One of the reasons it is difficult to accurately diagnose clinical syndromes in very young infants is related to their limited ability to communicate or express their symptoms.

Infants, especially very young ones, lack the verbal and cognitive skills to effectively communicate their symptoms or discomfort. They cannot describe their feelings or point to specific areas of pain or discomfort. This limited ability to communicate can make it challenging for healthcare providers to obtain a clear understanding of what the infant is experiencing.

Additionally, infants may have nonspecific or subtle symptoms that can overlap with normal developmental changes or common childhood illnesses. For example, symptoms such as fussiness, poor feeding, or changes in sleep patterns can be attributed to a variety of causes, making it difficult to pinpoint a specific clinical syndrome. Furthermore, infants' immature immune systems and the presence of maternal antibodies acquired during pregnancy can influence the presentation of symptoms and make it more challenging to differentiate between normal variations and pathological conditions.

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a patient brought to the emergency room for heat stroke is experiencing severe dehydration. the nurse will anticipate giving what type of intravenous fluid?

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In the case of a patient with heat stroke and severe dehydration, the nurse would anticipate giving isotonic intravenous fluids.

Isotonic fluids have a similar concentration of solutes as the body's extracellular fluid, making them compatible with the body's cells and minimizing the risk of fluid shifts. They help to replenish fluid volume and restore electrolyte balance.

The two commonly used isotonic fluids in this situation are Normal Saline (0.9% Sodium Chloride) and Lactated Ringer's solution. Normal Saline contains sodium and chloride ions in concentrations similar to those found in the body, while Lactated Ringer's solution also includes additional electrolytes like potassium, calcium, and lactate. These fluids provide immediate hydration and help restore blood pressure, organ perfusion, and overall tissue function.

By administering isotonic fluids, the nurse aims to rapidly rehydrate the patient, correct electrolyte imbalances, and support cardiovascular stability. It is important to closely monitor the patient's fluid status, vital signs, and laboratory values throughout the treatment process to ensure an appropriate response to the fluid therapy and to prevent complications associated with heat stroke and dehydration.

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there is no dri for this major mineral that is a component of thiamin.

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The dietary reference intake (DRI) for a significant mineral that is a part of  the thiamin has not been established.

Thiamin is a water-soluble vitamin and not a mineral, generally known as vitamin B1. It contributes to the metabolism of energy and neuronal activity. The DRI for vitamins includes the recommended daily intake for thiamin, which varies based on age, sex, and life stage. The DRI for thiamin is 1.2 mg per day for both adult males and females. It's vital to remember that minerals and vitamins are two different things, and that thiamin is a vitamin, not a mineral.

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A 70-kg patient who has lost 15 percent of his blood volume is likely to display which finding?

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A 70-kg patient who has lost 15 percent of his blood volume is likely to display symptoms of hypovolemia or low blood volume. Some common findings associated with this condition include: Decreased blood pressure, Increased heart rate, Pale or cool skin, Weakness and fatigue, Dizziness or lightheadedness, Increased respiratory rate and Decreased urine output.

Decreased blood pressure: The patient may have a drop in blood pressure due to the decreased circulating blood volume.

Increased heart rate: The body compensates for the reduced blood volume by increasing the heart rate to maintain an adequate cardiac output.

Pale or cool skin: The skin may appear pale or cool to the touch as blood flow to the peripheral tissues is reduced.

Weakness and fatigue: The patient may feel weak and fatigued due to decreased oxygen and nutrient delivery to the tissues.

Dizziness or lightheadedness: The reduced blood volume can lead to decreased perfusion to the brain, resulting in dizziness or lightheadedness.

Increased respiratory rate: The body may try to compensate for the decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood by increasing the respiratory rate.

Decreased urine output: In response to the low blood volume, the kidneys conserve water and decrease urine output to maintain fluid balance.

It is important to note that these findings can vary depending on the individual's overall health status, underlying conditions, and the rate and duration of blood loss. Additionally, other factors such as age, pre-existing medical conditions, and the body's compensatory mechanisms can influence the specific symptoms observed in a patient.

If a patient has experienced significant blood loss, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention as severe hypovolemia can be life-threatening. Treatment may involve fluid resuscitation and addressing the underlying cause of the blood loss.

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the muscle stiffness that results from abnormally high calcium levels in the blood is termed calcium rigor calcium tetany myosinotoxicosis calmodulin dysfunction

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The muscle stiffness that results from abnormally high calcium levels in the blood is termed "calcium tetany."

Calcium tetany is a condition characterized by sustained muscle contractions or spasms due to an imbalance of calcium ions in the body. Elevated levels of calcium can disrupt the normal functioning of muscle cells and interfere with the regulation of muscle contraction and relaxation. This can lead to muscle stiffness, cramps, and involuntary muscle movements. It is important to identify and address the underlying cause of high blood calcium levels to manage and treat calcium tetany effectively. Because cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) and smooth muscle cells are both tiny cells, a muscle cell is sometimes referred to as a myocyte. Muscle fibres are the long, threadlike cells of skeletal muscle that have several nuclei.

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a client with active genital herpes is admitted to the labor and birth unit during the first stage of labor. which plan of care does the nurse anticipate for this client?

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When a client with active genital herpes is admitted to the labor and birth unit during the first stage of labor, the nurse anticipates the following plan of care: Isolation precautions, Strict hand hygiene, Continuous fetal monitoring, Administration of antiviral medication, Avoidance of invasive procedures, Supportive care, Education and counseling.

Isolation precautions: The client should be placed in a private room to prevent the spread of the virus to other patients or healthcare providers.

Strict hand hygiene: The nurse should wash hands thoroughly before and after every contact with the client or any potentially contaminated surfaces.

Continuous fetal monitoring: The client's baby should be continuously monitored for any signs of distress or complications related to the herpes infection.

Administration of antiviral medication: The client may receive antiviral medications, such as acyclovir, to help manage the herpes infection and reduce the risk of transmission to the baby.

Avoidance of invasive procedures: If possible, the nurse should avoid any unnecessary invasive procedures.

Supportive care: The nurse should provide emotional support and reassurance to the client, as the diagnosis of active genital herpes during labor can be distressing.

Education and counseling: The nurse should provide information about herpes transmission and prevention strategies.

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healthcare device, inc., has exclusive control over the market for its product. healthcare device’s market power is most likely

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Healthcare Device, Inc.'s exclusive control over the market for its product indicates a situation of market power. Market power refers to the ability of a company or firm to influence the market conditions and exert control over the prices, output, and competition within the market.

In this case, with exclusive control over the market, Healthcare Device, Inc. has a significant advantage and can potentially set prices, determine product availability, and enjoy higher profit margins without facing strong competition. This can lead to a monopolistic or oligopolistic market structure, where Healthcare Device, Inc. has the ability to dictate market terms and limit the entry of competitors.

The presence of market power can have both positive and negative implications. On the positive side, it may allow the company to invest in research and development, innovation, and quality improvement. However, it can also lead to negative consequences such as higher prices for consumers, reduced choice, and limited innovation due to the lack of competitive pressure.

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What are your thoughts about addiction as a psychiatric disorder and a public health problem? What is the role of its neurobiology?
What are the characteristics of drug addiction as a relapsing disorder? What treatment options exist?

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Addiction is a significant psychiatric disorder and public health concern, with neurobiology playing a crucial role, and it is characterized by relapse tendencies; treatment options include behavioral therapies, medications, and support systems.

Addiction is a complex issue with significant implications as both a psychiatric disorder and a public health problem. As a psychiatric disorder, it involves dysregulation of brain function and behavior, leading to compulsive drug-seeking and use despite negative consequences. It is recognized that addiction is not simply a matter of weak willpower, but rather a result of neurobiological changes in the brain's reward and decision-making systems.

The neurobiology of addiction plays a critical role in its development and maintenance. Drugs of abuse impact the brain's reward circuitry, particularly the release of dopamine, which reinforces drug-seeking behavior. Over time, these substances can lead to neuroadaptations and structural changes in the brain, making it more difficult for individuals to control their drug use. The brain becomes sensitized to the drug's effects, leading to cravings and increased vulnerability to relapse.

Drug addiction is characterized by its relapsing nature. Even after periods of abstinence or successful treatment, individuals are prone to relapse due to various factors such as stress, drug cues, and underlying neurobiological changes. Relapse does not indicate failure but rather highlights the chronic nature of addiction and the need for ongoing support and treatment.

Treatment options for drug addiction include a combination of behavioral therapies and medications. Behavioral therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, and contingency management, aim to modify behaviors, address underlying issues, and develop coping skills. Medications, such as methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone, can be used to manage withdrawal symptoms, reduce cravings, or block the effects of certain drugs. Support groups, such as 12-step programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or Narcotics Anonymous (NA), provide peer support and a structured recovery program.

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What clinical finding indicates to the nurse that a client may have hypokalemia?
1. Edema
2. Muscle spasms
3. Kussmaul breathing
4. Abdominal distention

Answers

The clinical finding that indicates to the nurse that a client may have hypokalemia is Muscle spasms (Option 2).

The term "hypokalemia" describes low potassium levels in the blood. Potassium is a necessary electrolyte important for many body processes, including the operation of nerve and muscle cells. Low potassium levels can cause an imbalance in the body, manifesting as symptoms and clinical findings.

Muscle cramps or spasms are one of the typical symptoms of hypokalemia. Low potassium levels can exacerbate muscular weakness and irregular muscle activity, which can result in cramps, spasms, and in extreme cases, even total paralysis. These muscular spasms might affect the arms, legs, or abdominal muscles, among other body areas. Therefore, muscle spasms (option 2) are the clinical finding that suggests the possibility of hypokalemia. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management.

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which of the following is a sign or symptom of night eating syndrome?

Answers

Answer:

eating at night even when not hungry

constant thought for food at night

Other Questions
a decrease in variability leads to an increase in what Estimate the average distance between molecules in air at 0.0^{\circ} {C} and 5.00 atm. Which of the following best defines customer satisfaction? a. the relationship between benefits and the sacrifice necessary to obtain those benefits b. a good or service in terms of whether it has met customers needs and expectations c. a customers value of purchases that are of the quality he expects and are sold at prices he is willing to pay d. a purchase that helps obtain a benefit what type of enzyme catalyzes the intramolecular shift of a chemical group? You are the manager of a small steel production firm, operating in a perfectly competitive market. You have information on the market demand for steel and the market supply of steel, where P is the price per ton of steel, and Q is the market output in tons of steel. Moreover, you know that all firms in the industry are identical. Demand: Q=2,00010P Supply: Q=8P160 Total cost function of a typical firm: C(q)=7.5q 2 +500 a) Find the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity in the market. b) What is the output supplied by your firm and the profit of your firm? c) Assuming that fixed costs are sunk in the short run, what is the minimum price above which firms would want to stay in business and produce a positive amount of steel (i) in the short run and (ii) in the long run? d) Would you expect to see entry into or exit from the industry (i) in the long run and (ii) in the short run? Explain. Jamilah recently was asked by her manager to plan and conduct a two-days training course on the pedagogy of teaching online students. The training will be delivered in one month time to a group of 40 lecturers from a community college nearby. She is very well versed in online teaching and the supervisor felt that she would do a good job since she recently had attended a refresher course on technology-based training methods. Jamilah started her preparation by observing another senior trainer delivering a similar training course, read through the training materials several times, looked through materials from previous courses conducted by the other trainers and tried to think of some creative activities she could include in the course. Jamilah sat down with the materials on online pedagogy and started to plan for her course. She knew that she would need some notes, so she developed a set of trainer's notes. She even put some of her notes on a handout to give to those she would be training. Jamilah knew that it was important that she be clear, so she practised reading her notes in a clear voice. She also planned to stop periodically and ask if the participants had any questions. The day of the training finally arrived. 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Personality Styles, a.k.a. the "Communication Style Model": Imagine you are a salesperson selling computer hardware equipment. 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He re-branded the CiTS homes for a niche premium market and did the following: - CITS stopped using cost-plus (mark-up) pricing and began charging much higher prices. - CITS opened a showground in the Midlands, UK, and began to sell directly to customers at its showground instead of through retailers. - Regular promotional events were held at its showground. At these events, mobile home experts would promote CiTs homes by creating an elegant experience based on a luxurious culture of living in a lodge moble home in a delune location rather than traditional homes. It often used local chocolatiers, wineries and chefs to create an event, hosted in and around mobile homes, to show the flexibility and luxury that is often not associated with this style of living. CITS's physical evidence in its marketing mix became much more important. However, CITS has recently faced intense competition with new, less expensive manufacturers, and sales have fallen. Local and overseas competitors have started using estate agents and retailers to help their sales, with many homes being sold to people wanting an extra space on their own land in addition to their houses rather than an alternative to their traditional "brick and mortar homes'. CrTs conducted secondary market research about other possible markets for its premium lodge mobile homes. The research suggested that other possible markets for high-quality lodge homes, chalets and log homes, similar to the premium range at Crrs, exist. As a result, CiTs is considering two new options to increase sales and, in order to maintain its brand image, is not considering changing its pricing strategies: - Option 1: open a business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce store that allows consumers to do a virtual tour of the chalets and mobile homes using VR. They can choose their own home, do a virtual tour of the home and location, and pay a deposit online. - Option 2: sell CiTS chalets to campsites and hotels for "glamping" options. (a) In the context of the case study, define the term cost-plus (mark-up) pricing. [2] (b) With reference to CITS, briefly outline the difference between a B2C and B2B market. [4] (c) Suggest two communication or promotional strategies that CITS might consider to counter the increased competition, (d) Discuss, with justification, which of Option 1 and Option 2 would be most likely to offer sustainable competitive advantage. [10] Total for Question 2: [20 Marks] Lynn is a new manager and wants to make sure that everyone is treated equally regarding the new policy on tardiness. Which of the following methods would be most effective?Post signsWrite people up if they violate the policyMake an example out of violatorsFollow the newly established rule herself Technology is one tool teams can use to enhance networking,solve problems, and engage the collective wisdom needed for highperformance. T/F For sequences 3, 9, 15, ..., 111,111 find the specific formulaof the terms. Write the sum 3 + 9 + 15 ... + 111,111 in the notation and find the sum. During the year 2020, Sunland Company earned revenues of $90600, had expenses of $56300, purchased assets with a cost of $9700 and had owner drawings of $5000. Net income for the year is$29300.$34300.$39000.O $24600. why does imogene player become emotional to this day when recalling her christmas experiences as a child? select all the statements that correctly describe the robinson annulation reaction.