The intrinsic value of the stock of Todd Mountain Development Corporation is $80.
To calculate the intrinsic value of the stock using the constant-growth Dividend Discount Model (DDM), we can use the formula:
Intrinsic Value = Dividend / (Required Rate of Return - Dividend Growth Rate)
Dividend (D0) = $4 (expected dividend in the upcoming year)
Dividend Growth Rate (g) = 9% = 0.09
Required Rate of Return (r) = Risk-free Rate (rf) + Beta (β) * (Market Return (rm) - Risk-free Rate (rf))
Risk-free Rate (rf) = 5% = 0.05
Beta (β) = 0.80
Market Return (rm) = 20% = 0.20
First, we calculate the required rate of return:
r = 0.05 + 0.80 * (0.20 - 0.05) = 0.05 + 0.80 * 0.15 = 0.05 + 0.12 = 0.17
Next, we can calculate the intrinsic value:
Intrinsic Value = $4 / (0.17 - 0.09) = $4 / 0.08 = $50
Therefore, the intrinsic value of the stock of Todd Mountain Development Corporation is $50.
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You recently purchased a two-stock portfolio. 70% of the portfolio is Stock A and 30% of the portfolio is Stock B. Economists forecast three possible economic conditions: Boom, Average, or Recession. There is a 20% probability of a Boom, a 60% probability of Average conditions, and a 20% chance of Recession. Stock A is estimated to have a 15% return during Booms, a 10% return during Average conditions, and a 5% return during recessions. Stock B would have a 5% return during Booms, a 15% return during Average conditions, and a 20% return during recessions. Calculate the following estimates:
A. Expected return for Stock A (nearest 1/100 of one percent without % symbol, e.g. 6.98)? Answer
B. Standard deviation for Stock A (nearest 1/100 of one percent without % symbol, e.g. 6.98)? Answer
C. Expected return for Stock B (nearest 1/100 of one percent without % symbol, e.g. 6.98)? Answer
D. Standard deviation for Stock B (nearest 1/100 of one percent without % symbol, e.g. 6.98)? Answer
E. Expected return for the portfolio (nearest 1/100 of one percent without % symbol, e.g. 6.98)? Answer
F. Correlation coefficient for Stocks A and B (nearest 1/1000 of whole number, e.g. 0.398)? Answer
G. Standard deviation for the portfolio (nearest 1/100 of one percent without % symbol, e.g. 6.98)? Answer
H. Select the response that best describes the correlation coefficient
No correlation
Weak positive
Weak negative
Strong negative
Strong positive
Answer:
Different answers are discussed below.
Explanation:
A. The expected return for Stock A is calculated as (Boom return * Boom probability) + (Average return * Average probability) + (Recession return * Recession probability), which equals (15% * 20%) + (10% * 60%) + (5% * 20%) = 10.5%.
B. To calculate the standard deviation for Stock A, we need the individual returns for each economic condition. Using the same formula, we find that the individual returns for Stock A during Boom, Average, and Recession are 15%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. The standard deviation can be calculated based on these returns.
C. Similar to Stock A, the expected return for Stock B is calculated as (Boom return * Boom probability) + (Average return * Average probability) + (Recession return * Recession probability), which equals (5% * 20%) + (15% * 60%) + (20% * 20%) = 12.5%.
D. The standard deviation for Stock B can be calculated using the individual returns for each economic condition. The individual returns for Stock B during Boom, Average, and Recession are 5%, 15%, and 20%, respectively.
E. The expected return for the portfolio is calculated as (Weight of Stock A * Expected return of Stock A) + (Weight of Stock B * Expected return of Stock B), which equals (70% * 10.5%) + (30% * 12.5%) = 10.45%.
F. The correlation coefficient between Stocks A and B can be calculated using the individual returns for each economic condition. We can use the formula for correlation coefficient to calculate it based on the returns of Stock A and Stock B during Boom, Average, and Recession.
G. The standard deviation for the portfolio can be calculated using the weights, standard deviations, and correlation coefficient of Stocks A and B. The formula for portfolio standard deviation takes into account the individual standard deviations, weights, and the correlation coefficient.
H. The correlation coefficient indicates the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables. In this case, it represents the correlation between the returns of Stocks A and B. The correlation coefficient can be weak positive, weak negative, strong negative, or strong positive depending on its value and sign.
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Henson Properties plans to buy a warehouse at auction today for conversion to luxury apartments. Currently the warehouse is used for storage, income of £20,000 per year for the owner. If the property is acquired by Henson this lease will be terminated immediately. Henson has already paid £5,000 for a review of the property and is confident that it can be acquired for £750,000. The builder will require a payment of £100,000 immediately followed by £200,000 after one year and £50,000 at the end of the second year. Each apartment will be sold for £150,000 with three being built and sold at the end of the first year, four in the second and four in the third year. The cost of capital for Henson is currently 12%.
a) Calculate the Payback Period for the investment in the warehouse
b) Calculate the Net Present Value of the investment in the warehouse.
c) Calculate the Internal Rate of Return of the investment in the warehouse.
d) What is the maximum price that Henson can pay at the auction to cause the project to have a zero Net Present Value?
Henson can bid as much as £1,307,896.82 in the auction to make the project's NPV zero. a) To calculate the Payback Period, we must ascertain the length of time it takes for all cash inflows to accumulate to an amount equal to or greater than the initial investment.
Initial outlay: £5,000 for the review plus £750,000 for the acquisition equals £755,000. Year 1 cash inflows: 3 units times £150,000 equals £450,000 Year 2: £600,000 ($4 apartments times £150,000) Year 3: £600,000 (four flats times £150,000). accrued cash inflows Year 1: £450,000 Year 2: £450,000 + £600,000 = £1,050,000 Year 3: £1,050,000 + £600,000 = £1,650,000 The time it takes to recover the initial investment or more is known as the payback period. £755,000 divided by £450,000 equals roughly 1.68 years. b) We discount the cash inflows and outflows to their present values and deduct the initial investment to determine the Net Present Value (NPV). Rate of discount: 12% Current value of incoming cash: Year 1: : £450,000 / (1 + 0.12) = £401,785.71 Year 2: £600,000 / (1 + 0.12)^2 = £481,481.48 Year 3: £600,000 / (1 + 0.12)^3 = £429,629.63 Year 0's cash outflows are valued at £755,000 at present. NPV is equal to the product of the present value of cash inflows and outflows. NPV = £557,896.82 NPV = 401,785.71, 481,481.48, 429,629.63, and 755,000 b) In order to get the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), we must identify the discount rate that yields a negative net present value (NPV). IRR = The discount rate that causes NPV to be zero. The IRR can be calculated using a financial calculator or by using trial and error. d) We compare the present value of cash streams to the original investment in order to find the highest bid Henson can make at the auction in order to have a zero NPV. Current value of incoming cash: Year 1: : £450,000 / (1 + 0.12) = £401,785.71 Year 2: £600,000 / (1 + 0.12)^2 = £481,481.48 Year 3: £600,000 / (1 + 0.12)^3 = £429,629.63 Maximum price = Cash inflows' present value minus £5,000 (review cost). Price maximum: £401,785.71 plus £481,481.48 plus £429,629.63 less £5,000 Maximum cost: £1,307,896.62
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2.2 What is the future value of an investment of $18.000 that will earn interest at 6 percent and fall due in seven years?
2.3 Jason was promised $48,000 in 10 years if he would deposit $14.000 today. What would his compounded annual return be?
2.4 How many years would it take for a dollar to triple in value if it earns a 6 percent rate of return?
2.5 Marcy placed $3,000 each year into an investment retuming 9 percent a year for her daughter's college education. She started when her daughter was two. How much had she accumulated by her daughter's 18 th birthday?
2.6 Todd was asked what he would pay for an investment that offered $1.500 a year for the next 40 years. He required an 11 percent return to make that investment. What should he bid?
2.7 Ann was offered an annuity of $20.000 a year for the rest of her life. She was 55 at the time, and her life expectancy was 84 . The investment would cost her $180.000. What would the retum on her investment be?
2.8 How many years would it take for $2,000 in savings a year earning interest at 6 percent to amount to $60,000 ?
2.9 Aaron has $50,000 in debt outstanding with interest payable at 12 pereent annually. If Aaron intends to pay off the loan through four years of interest and principal payment, how much should he pay annually?
2.10 What is the difference in amount accumulated for a $10.000 sum with 12 percent interest compounded annually versus one compounded monthly over a one-year period?
2.2 The future value of an investment can be calculated using the formula:
Future Value = Present Value * (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Years
In this case, the present value is $18,000, the interest rate is 6% (or 0.06), and the number of years is 7. Plugging in the values, we get:
Future Value = $18,000 * (1 + 0.06)^7
Future Value = $18,000 * (1.06)^7
Future Value = $18,000 * 1.41851
Future Value = $25,533.18
Therefore, the future value of the investment would be $25,533.18.
2.3 The compounded annual return can be calculated using the formula:
Compounded Annual Return = (Future Value / Present Value)^(1/Number of Years) - 1
In this case, the future value is $48,000, the present value is $14,000, and the number of years is 10. Plugging in the values, we get:
Compounded Annual Return = ($48,000 / $14,000)^(1/10) - 1
Compounded Annual Return = 1.103448 - 1
Compounded Annual Return = 0.103448
Therefore, Jason's compounded annual return would be approximately 10.34%.
2.4 To calculate the number of years it would take for a dollar to triple in value, we can use the formula for compound interest:
Future Value = Present Value * (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Years
In this case, the present value is $1, the future value is $3 (triple the initial value), and the interest rate is 6% (or 0.06). We need to solve for the number of years. Rearranging the formula, we get:
Number of Years = log(Future Value / Present Value) / log(1 + Interest Rate)
Plugging in the values, we get:
Number of Years = log(3 / 1) / log(1 + 0.06)
Number of Years = log(3) / log(1.06)
Number of Years = 1.09861229 / 0.02530587
Number of Years = 43.5189
Therefore, it would take approximately 43.5 years for a dollar to triple in value with a 6% rate of return.
2.5 To calculate the accumulated amount by Marcy's daughter's 18th birthday, we can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity:
Future Value = Annual Payment * [(1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Years - 1] / Interest Rate
In this case, the annual payment is $3,000, the interest rate is 9% (or 0.09), and the number of years is 16 (from the daughter's age of 2 to 18). Plugging in the values, we get:
Future Value = $3,000 * [(1 + 0.09)^16 - 1] / 0.09
Future Value = $3,000 * [1.925139 - 1] / 0.09
Future Value = $3,000 * 0.925139 / 0.09
Future Value = $30,753.86
Therefore, Marcy would accumulate approximately $30,753.86 by her daughter's 18th birthday.
2.6 To determine the bid for the investment, we can use the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity:
Present Value = Annual Payment * [1 - (1
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Required information
[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]
Troy (single) purchased a home in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, on January 1, 2007, for $315,000. He sold the home on January 1,2021 , for $340,700. How much gain must Troy recognize on his home sale in each of the following alternative situations? (Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable.)
d. Troy rented out the home from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2016. He lived in the home as his principal residence from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2017. He rented out the home from January 1, 2018, through December 31, 2018, and lived in the home as his principal residence from January 1, 2019, through the date of the sale. Assume accumulated depreciation on the home at the time of sale was $0. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to the nearest whole dollar amount.)
To calculate the gain that Troy must recognize on his home sale in the given situation, we need to consider the rules for the tax treatment of the sale of a principal residence.
When a taxpayer sells their principal residence, they can exclude a certain amount of gain from their taxable income under the Internal Revenue Code Section 121. As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, the exclusion amount is $250,000 for single taxpayers.
In the given situation, Troy rented out the home for some periods and used it as his principal residence for other periods. To determine the gain, we need to calculate the adjusted basis of the home and compare it to the selling price.
The adjusted basis is the original purchase price ($315,000) plus any improvements made to the home. However, in this scenario, we don't have any information about improvements, so we'll assume there were no improvements made, resulting in an adjusted basis of $315,000.
Now let's calculate the gain in each of the rental and principal residence periods:
Rental period from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2016:
Since Troy rented out the home during this period, he cannot exclude any gain under the Section 121 exclusion. Therefore, the gain recognized in this period is the selling price minus the adjusted basis:
Gain = Selling price - Adjusted basis
= $340,700 - $315,000
= $25,700
Principal residence period from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2017:
This period qualifies for the Section 121 exclusion since Troy used the home as his principal residence for at least two years. As a single taxpayer, he can exclude up to $250,000 of gain. Since the gain calculated in this period is less than the exclusion amount, no gain needs to be recognized.
Rental period from January 1, 2018, through December 31, 2018:
Similar to the first rental period, Troy cannot exclude any gain during this period. The gain recognized is:
Gain = Selling price - Adjusted basis
= $340,700 - $315,000
= $25,700
Principal residence period from January 1, 2019, through December 31, 2020:
This period also qualifies for the Section 121 exclusion. As Troy lived in the home as his principal residence for at least two years, he can exclude up to $250,000 of gain. Since the gain calculated in this period is less than the exclusion amount, no gain needs to be recognized.
The total gain that Troy must recognize on his home sale in this situation is the sum of the gains from the rental periods:
Total Gain = Gain from rental period 1 + Gain from rental period 2
= $25,700 + $25,700
= $51,400
Troy must recognize a gain of $51,400 on his home sale in the given alternative situation.
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Critically assess vertical merger and horizontal merger as acquisition strategies. (Word limit 1000)
Critically assess vertical merger and horizontal merger as acquisition strategies.
Vertical mergers offer advantages such as improved efficiency through cost savings and operational streamlining as well as increased control over the supply chain.
They can lead to better coordination, reduced transaction costs, and enhanced responsiveness to customer needs. However, vertical mergers also pose challenges including potential antitrust concerns, integration complexities and the risk of reduced competition.
Companies must carefully assess the benefits and drawbacks of vertical integration and ensure that the merger aligns with their long-term strategic goals and adds value to both the merging entities and their customers.
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1. There is a conflict at law between the decision making by directors and shareholders
Required:
Explain why this conflict arises and what each group is responsible for.
What if one group is not happy with the other.
2. As accountants and financial advisers you will be asked to look after the interest of
your clients. Sally has been a long term client of your practice. She is a senior
manager in a large IT company. However after 15 years in the company she is
getting tired and wishes to start up a business on her own. Some of the existing
clients of the firm wish to go with her. However she does not want to upset her
current employer and does not want them to know she is setting up a business in
competition to her current employer.
Required:
How can Sally set up a company where she can control it but not be a director of the
company?
3. You are a partner in an accounting firm and you have been asked to represent one of
your clients on a public company. Your clients owns 15% of the shares in the public
company. A board decision is against the interest of your client but is in the best
interest of the 85% shareholders.
Required:
Whose interest do you look after, your client or the other shareholders?
4. Before joining the board of Great Mines Ltd (GML), Ron Guthrie was an official in
a very militant trade union. A recent investigation by the Fair Work Commission
into the affairs of the union at the time Ron worked there has resulted in
allegations of misuse of union funds. There is a rumour that a number of officials,
including Ron, may be charged with criminal offences punishable by more than 12
months imprisonment. Ethics Limited, a shareholder in GML, wants Ron
removed from the board of GML immediately. Ron refuses to resign.
Required:
Advise Ron if:
a. Can his fellow directors remove him from office?
b. Can he be removed by GML’s members? Provide legal reasons for
your answers.
5. Electronics Ltd is a significant shareholder in Telstar Ltd. It owns 25%
or 5,000,000 shares in Telstar Ltd. The remaining 75% is owned:
a. 30% by Mark a friend on behalf of Elon (6,000,000 shares) and
b. 45% by the public (9,000,000 shares) (300 shareholders)
Elon as a director wants to be paid director’s fees of $5,000,000. This
is to be voted on by the shareholders at the AGM.
Electronics Ltd is concerned that the majority of public shareholders
will vote in favour of the decision. Electronics Ltd and some of the
public shareholders have not been happy with Elon’s performance or
strange behaviour and do not want him to receive the $5,000,000.
Required:
When it comes to voting on the resolution, how can Electronics Ltd
ensure that the decision is not approved
The conflict between directors and shareholders arises due to the differing roles and responsibilities of each group. Directors are appointed to manage and make decisions on behalf of the company,
while shareholders are the owners of the company who provide capital and have certain rights and expectations. Directors have a fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of the company, which may sometimes conflict with the individual interests of shareholders. Shareholders, on the other hand, expect a return on their investment and may have specific goals or preferences for the company's direction.
If one group is not happy with the other, it can lead to disputes, legal actions, or attempts to change the composition of the board. Shareholders can express their dissatisfaction through voting against director appointments or proposals, engaging in proxy battles, or filing lawsuits for breach of fiduciary duty. Directors, on the other hand, can defend their decisions by demonstrating that they acted in the best interests of the company and fulfilled their duties.
Sally can set up a company where she can maintain control but not be a director by adopting a different ownership structure. She can establish a limited liability company (LLC) or a private limited company (Ltd) and appoint herself as the majority shareholder or owner. As the majority shareholder, she can control the decision-making process and appoint directors or managers who will act on her behalf. By not assuming the role of a director herself, Sally can avoid being directly involved in the day-to-day operations and decision-making of the company, reducing the risk of conflict with her current employer.
As an accountant and financial adviser representing your client who owns 15% of the shares in a public company, your primary responsibility is to act in the best interests of your client. Your duty is to provide advice and guidance that aligns with your client's goals and objectives. While you should consider the interests of other shareholders, your loyalty lies with your client.
In this scenario, you should prioritize your client's interest and advocate for their position. However, it's essential to approach the situation ethically and professionally. You can assess the impact of the board decision on your client's shareholding, explore potential alternatives, and negotiate with other shareholders to find a mutually beneficial resolution. Ultimately, your role is to protect and advance the interests of your client while maintaining integrity and adhering to professional standards.
a. Fellow directors cannot remove Ron from office unilaterally. The power to remove a director generally lies with the shareholders or the company's constitution. In some cases, a board resolution supported by a majority vote of the directors may be required, but it depends on the specific provisions outlined in the company's constitution and applicable laws.
b. Ron can be removed from the board by GML's members. Shareholders typically have the authority to remove a director through an ordinary resolution passed at a general meeting. The specific procedures and voting requirements may vary based on the company's constitution and applicable laws. If a majority of shareholders vote in favor of removing Ron, he can be ousted from the board.
It is important to note that legal advice should be sought to analyze the specific circumstances and relevant legislation governing the removal of directors in the jurisdiction.
Electronics Ltd can ensure that the decision to pay Elon director's fees of $5,000,000 is not approved by engaging in strategic actions. They can reach out to other shareholders, especially those who are dissatisfied with Elon's performance or behavior, to present their concerns and influence their voting decisions. Electronics Ltd can also campaign against the resolution, highlighting the reasons why they believe Elon should not receive the proposed fees.
Moreover, Electronics Ltd can consider leveraging their significant shareholding to propose alternative resolutions, such as a lower director's fee or a reevaluation of Elon's performance. By actively participating in discussions and engaging with other.
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The gaming console market is estimated to generate around US$80 billion in 2022 globally with revenues per player growing up to $92 per person. The major players in the industry are Sony Corporation, Microsoft Corporation and Nintendo, which account for a majority share of the gaming console market. The major driving force for the market is the rapid increase in the number of active gamers across the world which is expected to reach 2.73 billion by 2021. New business models are emerging based on innovations in subscription models, downloadable content (DLC), which offers gamers new "chapters" of gameplay and storylines, the use of virtual currency, in-game add-ons and free-to-play games that are monetized through in-app purchases. Microsoft has recently shaken up the market with an agreed $75 billion acquisition of Activison Blizzard, a giant industry games publisher with over 30 games studios attached to its name and numerous games franchises. Such consolidation of market power will lead to a change in the existing networks of alliances and competitive rivalries in the industry.
(a) Outline and evaluate the characteristics underpinning the gaming console market and identify the market structure in which firms operate with key assumptions outlined.
(b) Explain the potential for network externalities and the spread of fixed costs in relation to Microsoft’s acquisition of Activison Blizzard.
(c) Explain, in detail, two possible barriers to entry in the gaming console market.
(d) Illustrate and explain the profit maximising firm diagram for the market structure you have chosen in part (a) and explain this with reference to the actions of industry players.
The number of active gamers across the world has increased due to Covid-19 related lockdowns with more and more people turning to video games during this time.
(e) Illustrate and explain the impact of these developments on Sony’s price, quantity, cost level and profit level using a profit maximising firm diagram.
(a) The gaming console market is characterized by major players like Sony Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, and Nintendo, who dominate the industry. The market structure in which firms operate is an oligopoly. This structure assumes that a few large firms dominate the market and have significant market power.
Oligopolies are characterized by intense competition, strategic interdependence among firms, and barriers to entry. These firms compete through various strategies such as product differentiation, pricing strategies, and exclusive game titles.
The gaming console market is highly competitive due to the presence of major players and the constant pursuit of innovation. The market structure assumption of an oligopoly implies that the actions of one firm can have a significant impact on the others. For instance, when one company introduces a new console or game, competitors often respond with their own innovations to maintain market share. Additionally, the barriers to entry in this industry, such as high development and marketing costs, intellectual property rights, and brand loyalty, further contribute to the dominance of the existing players.
(b) Microsoft's acquisition of Activision Blizzard has the potential to create network externalities and spread fixed costs. Network externalities occur when the value of a product or service increases with the number of users. With this acquisition, Microsoft gains access to Activision Blizzard's extensive game portfolio and user base. By integrating these games into their ecosystem, Microsoft can attract more users, creating positive network externalities that enhance the value of their gaming consoles and services. Additionally, spreading fixed costs becomes possible as Microsoft can distribute development and marketing expenses across a broader range of games and platforms, optimizing resource allocation and potentially reducing per-unit costs.
(c) Two possible barriers to entry in the gaming console market are high capital requirements and intellectual property rights. Developing and manufacturing gaming consoles require significant financial investments, making it challenging for new entrants to establish themselves in the market. Additionally, existing players often hold valuable intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks, and exclusive game titles. These rights provide a competitive advantage and make it difficult for new entrants to replicate or access popular game franchises. The combination of high capital requirements and intellectual property barriers creates significant hurdles for new companies seeking to enter the gaming console market.
(d) In an oligopoly market structure, the profit-maximizing firm diagram illustrates the interplay between price, quantity, and profit levels. The firm faces a downward-sloping demand curve, indicating that increasing production and lowering prices can potentially capture a larger market share. However, due to strategic interdependence, firms must consider the reactions of their competitors to price and output changes. The profit-maximizing firm aims to find the optimal combination of price and quantity that maximizes its profits while considering competitive responses.
The actions of industry players, such as Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo, involve strategic pricing, innovation, and exclusive game offerings. For example, if Sony reduces its console price, it may attract more buyers and increase its market share. However, Microsoft and Nintendo may respond by adjusting their prices or launching new features or games. The profit-maximizing firm diagram illustrates the complex dynamics of strategic decision-making and the potential for rivalries and alliances within the gaming console market.
(e) The increased number of active gamers due to Covid-19 lockdowns can impact Sony's price, quantity, cost level, and profit level. With higher demand, Sony may be able to increase the price of its gaming consoles, taking advantage of the increased willingness to pay. This can lead to higher revenue and potentially higher profit levels if the increase in price exceeds any additional costs incurred. The quantity supplied by Sony can also increase to meet the higher demand, resulting in a larger market share. However, it's important to note that the cost level may also be affected by factors such as supply chain disruptions or increased production costs. Sony would need to carefully manage its cost structure to maintain profitability while meeting the increased demand.
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If a person in the 32 percent tax bracket makes a deposit of \( \$ 6,900 \) to a taxdeferred retirement account, what amount would be saved on current taxes?
The tax savings of $2,208 represent the amount that the person would have otherwise paid in taxes if they did not make the deposit. This tax benefit encourages individuals to save for retirement while providing them with immediate tax advantages.
When a person in the 32 percent tax bracket makes a deposit of $6,900 to a tax-deferred retirement account, they would save on current taxes equal to the tax rate multiplied by the deposit amount. In this case, the tax savings can be calculated as follows:
Tax savings = Tax rate * Deposit amount
Tax rate = 32% = 0.32
Deposit amount = $6,900
Tax savings = 0.32 * $6,900
Tax savings = $2,208
By making a deposit of $6,900 to a tax-deferred retirement account, the person would save $2,208 on current taxes.
The tax savings are realized because contributions made to tax-deferred retirement accounts are not taxed in the current year. The deposited amount is deducted from the person's taxable income, resulting in a lower taxable income for the year. Therefore, they are taxed on a reduced income, leading to lower tax liability. In this case, the tax savings of $2,208 represent the amount that the person would have otherwise paid in taxes if they did not make the deposit. This tax benefit encourages individuals to save for retirement while providing them with immediate tax advantages.
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"Ann is arranging her estate and would like to ensure that her
heirs receive their inheritance as soon as possible after her
death. What type of investment will meet this specific need?
By setting up a Payable on Death (POD) or Transfer on Death (TOD) account, Ann can effectively and efficiently ensure that her heirs receive their inheritance promptly after her death, bypassing the probate process. This allows her beneficiaries to gain access to their inheritance without unnecessary delays.
To meet Ann's objective of ensuring a prompt transfer of her inheritance to her heirs after her death, she can consider setting up a "Payable on Death" (POD) account or a "Transfer on Death" (TOD) account. These accounts are specifically designed to facilitate the efficient transfer of assets to designated beneficiaries upon the account holder's death.
A POD account is typically used for bank accounts, while a TOD account is used for investment accounts, such as stocks, bonds, or mutual funds. The process of setting up these accounts involves specifying the beneficiaries who will receive the funds or assets upon the account holder's death. The designated beneficiaries are not granted access to the account during the account holder's lifetime but gain full control over the assets once the account holder passes away.
One of the primary advantages of POD or TOD accounts is that they bypass the probate process, which can be time-consuming and involve legal complexities. Probate is the legal process by which a deceased person's assets are distributed to their heirs or beneficiaries according to their will or state laws. By setting up a POD or TOD account, Ann can ensure that her heirs receive their inheritance without the delays associated with probate.
It is important for Ann to consult with a legal and financial professional to properly set up and designate beneficiaries for her POD or TOD accounts. They can guide her through the process, ensuring that the necessary documentation is in place to facilitate a smooth transfer of assets to her heirs upon her death.
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You own a high-tech manufacturing entity. You would like to expand your operations but to do so you need to either lease or buy a $1.3 million piece of equipment for the next three years. The lease payments would be $475,000 a year for the three years. If the equipment is purchased, it will be depreciated straight-line to zero over the three-year period. The equipment will have no residual value at the end of the three years. Should the equipment be leased, the lessor and the lessee will both have marginal tax rates of 34%. The loan rate for your firm for this purpose is 8% pre-tax. What is the Net Advantage of Leasing?
To calculate the Net Advantage of Leasing, we need to compare the after-tax cost of leasing with the after-tax cost of buying.
1. After-tax cost of leasing:
The annual lease payment is $475,000, and both the lessor and lessee have marginal tax rates of 34%. Therefore, the after-tax cost of leasing is:
$475,000 x (1 - 0.34) = $313,500
2. After-tax cost of buying:
If the equipment is purchased, it will be depreciated straight-line to zero over the three-year period. The equipment will have no residual value at the end of the three years. Therefore, the annual depreciation expense will be:
($1.3 million / 3 years) = $433,333.33 per year
The pre-tax cost of the equipment is $1.3 million, and the loan rate for your firm is 8% pre-tax. Therefore, the annual interest expense will be:
$1.3 million x 8% = $104,000
The total annual cost of buying the equipment will be the sum of the annual depreciation expense and the annual interest expense:
$433,333.33 + $104,000 = $537,333.33
The tax savings from the depreciation expense will be:
$433,333.33 x 0.34 = $147,333.33
Therefore, the after-tax cost of buying will be:
$537,333.33 - $147,333.33 = $390,000
3. Net Advantage of Leasing:
The Net Advantage of Leasing is the difference between the after-tax cost of leasing and the after-tax cost of buying:
$313,500 - $390,000 = -$76,500
Since the Net Advantage of Leasing is negative, it would be more cost-effective to buy the equipment instead of leasing it.
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The account balances of Blossom Company at December 31, 2021, the end of the current year, show Accounts Receivable $216,000; Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $2,600 (credit); Sales $1,694,000: Sales Returns and Allowances $50,000; and Sales Discounts $24,000. Record the adjusting entry at December 31, 2021, assuming bad debts are estimated to be (1) 10% of accounts receivable, and (2) 1.5% of net sales. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter Ofor the amounts.) Debit Credit No. Date Account Titles and Explanation Dec. (1) Bad Debt Expense 31 21600 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 21600 (To record estimate of uncollectible accounts.) (2) Dec. 31 Bad Debt Expense 24300 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 24300 (To record estimate of uncollectible accounts.) Calculate the carrying amount of the accounts receivable for each approach to estimating uncollectible accounts in part (a) above. (1) Carrying amount $ (2) Carrying amount $ Assume instead that the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts had a debit balance of $3.100 at December 31, 2021. What is bad debt expense for 2021, and what is the carrying amount of the accounts receivable at December 31, 2021, assuming bad debts are estimated to be (1) 10% of accounts receivable, and (2) 1.5% of net sales? (1) (2) Bad debts expense $ $ Carrying amount $ $
The adjusting entries are made to reflect the estimated uncollectible accounts using two different approaches: (1) 10% of accounts receivable and (2) 1.5% of net sales.
(a) Adjusting Entry for Estimated Uncollectible Accounts:
(1) Debit: Bad Debt Expense $21,600
Credit: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $21,600
(2) Debit: Bad Debt Expense $24,300
Credit: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $24,300
The adjusting entries are made to reflect the estimated uncollectible accounts using two different approaches: (1) 10% of accounts receivable and (2) 1.5% of net sales.
(a) Carrying Amount of Accounts Receivable:(1) Carrying Amount: $194,400
[$216,000 - $21,600]
(2) Carrying Amount: $191,700
[$216,000 - $24,300]
(b) If the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts had a debit balance of $3,100 at December 31, 2021:
(1) Bad Debt Expense: $18,500
[$216,000 - ($3,100 + $18,500)]
(2) Carrying Amount: $194,500
[$216,000 - $21,600]
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How can managers address the limitations of financial ratios
when evaluating company financial performance?
By employing the following strategies, managers can overcome the limitations of financial ratios and gain a more thorough understanding of a company's financial performance. It allows them to make more informed decisions, identify areas for improvement, and develop strategies to enhance the company's financial health and long-term success.
(a) Use multiple financial ratios: Relying on a single financial ratio may provide a limited view of the company's performance. By using a combination of different ratios, managers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of various aspects of the company's financial health. For example, profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, and solvency ratios can be analyzed together to get a holistic picture.
(b) Benchmark against industry standards: Financial ratios should be compared with industry benchmarks or competitors' performance to provide context. This allows managers to assess how the company's performance measures up against industry norms and identify areas of strength or weakness. Industry-specific ratios and industry averages can provide valuable insights for comparison.
(c) Consider qualitative factors: Financial ratios only provide quantitative information and may not capture qualitative aspects that can impact performance. Managers should complement ratio analysis with qualitative factors such as market trends, competitive landscape, customer feedback, and internal factors like management quality and employee morale.
(d) Use trend analysis: Financial ratios should not be evaluated in isolation for a single period. Managers should analyze the trend of ratios over time to identify patterns, spot changes, and assess the company's financial performance trajectory. Trend analysis helps in understanding the company's financial performance in a dynamic context and provides insights into whether the company is improving, deteriorating, or maintaining stability.
(e) Consider non-financial indicators: Financial ratios focus primarily on financial data, but managers should also consider non-financial indicators that impact overall company performance. These can include customer satisfaction ratings, employee turnover rates, innovation metrics, and sustainability practices.
(f) Conduct sensitivity analysis: Financial ratios are based on historical data and assumptions. Managers should conduct sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of changes in key variables on financial ratios and performance. This helps in identifying potential risks and evaluating different scenarios to make informed decisions.
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Question 14 Abbott and Baker form a partnership with each partner contributing $50,000 cash. Abbott will have more to do with the dayto-day operations of the partnership so the partnership agreement calls for Abbott to get 80% of the partnership's earnings. During the first year of operations, the company earned $45,000 revenue and incurred and paid $25,000 of expenses. Each partner withdrew $2,000 at the end of Year 1 . By how much will Abbott's Capital account be affected by the company's earnings? $10,000 debit $10.000 credit $20.000 credit $16,000 debit $16,000 credit 20.000 debit Question 13 If the Equity section of a Balance Sheet shows the following: Capital, Adams $100,000 Capital, Baker 120,000 What form of business organization would you expect this company to be? Sole Proprietorship Partnership Corporation Any of these.
By agreement, Abbott is entitled to 80% of the partnership's earnings. Let's calculate the earnings and determine how Abbott's Capital account will be affected.
Earnings = Revenue - Expenses
Earnings = $45,000 - $25,000
Earnings = $20,000
As per the partnership agreement, Abbott will receive 80% of the earnings, while Baker will receive the remaining 20%.
Abbott's share of earnings = 80% of $20,000
Abbott's share of earnings = $16,000
Now, we need to determine how Abbott's Capital account will be affected. Since Abbott's share of the earnings is positive ($16,000), it will be credited to Abbott's Capital account. This means that Abbott's Capital account will increase by $16,000.
Therefore, Abbott's Capital account will be affected by a credit of $16,000 due to the company's earnings.
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In a short essay (two or three paragraphs) compare and contrast the development strategies of "import substitution" vs. "export-oriented growth."
Import substitution and export-oriented growth are two contrasting development strategies pursued by countries to stimulate economic growth and development.
Import substitution refers to a strategy where a country focuses on producing goods domestically that were previously imported. The goal is to reduce dependence on foreign imports and promote domestic industries. This strategy involves implementing trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas to protect domestic industries from foreign competition. By promoting domestic production, import substitution aims to create employment, foster industrialization, and achieve self-sufficiency. However, it can lead to inefficiencies, lack of competitiveness, and limited exposure to international markets.
On the other hand, export-oriented growth emphasizes the expansion of a country's exports as a driver of economic development. This strategy involves promoting industries that have a competitive advantage in the global market. Countries adopting this approach focus on enhancing export capacity through policies such as export subsidies, infrastructure development, and trade liberalization. By emphasizing exports, countries can benefit from economies of scale, technological advancements, and access to international markets. This strategy encourages specialization, attracts foreign investment, and can lead to higher economic growth. However, it may also lead to dependence on external demand and vulnerability to global market fluctuations.
While import substitution aims to promote self-sufficiency and protect domestic industries, export-oriented growth focuses on maximizing exports and integrating into the global market. Each strategy has its advantages and challenges, and countries often adopt a combination of both approaches to strike a balance between domestic development and international competitiveness.
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in california, borrowers pay a fee for a service company that track the borrowers’ payments of _____
In California, borrowers pay a fee for a service company that tracks their payments of mortgages. The company, known as a mortgage loan servicer, is responsible for collecting payments from borrowers, sending out billing statements, and reporting payments to credit bureaus.
The fee that borrowers pay to the servicer is typically 0.5% to 1% of the loan amount. The mortgage loan servicer plays an important role in ensuring that borrowers make their payments on time. If a borrower misses a payment, the servicer will typically try to contact the borrower to work out a payment plan. If the borrower is unable to make the payments, the servicer may foreclose on the property.
The fee that borrowers pay to the servicer is typically included in their monthly mortgage payment. However, borrowers may be able to avoid this fee by choosing to self-service their mortgage. This means that the borrower would be responsible for making payments directly to the lender, and they would not have to pay a fee to the servicer.
Here are some additional details about mortgage loan servicers:
They are typically hired by the lender to collect payments and manage the borrower's account.
They may also be responsible for providing customer service to borrowers, handling escrow accounts, and closing the loan at the end of the term.
The fees that they charge vary depending on the lender and the terms of the loan.
Borrowers should carefully review the terms of their mortgage loan before choosing a servicer.
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Which of the following is TRUE about Additional Personal Injury Protection (PIP)?
A. It cancels and replaces Basic PIP coverage.
B. It increases the monthly lost wages limitation.
C. It amends coverage to include minor Property Damage Expenses.
D. It extends coverage when the car is driven in Europe.
The TRUE statement about Additional Personal Injury Protection (PIP) is: b. It increases the monthly lost wages limitation.
Additional PIP coverage does not cancel or replace Basic PIP coverage (Option A). It does not specifically include minor Property Damage Expenses (Option C). Lastly, PIP coverage is typically limited to the country where the car is registered and driven, so it does not extend coverage to Europe (Option D). However, Additional PIP coverage may offer higher limits for lost wages, increasing the monthly lost wages limitation (Option B).
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At what amount would the company record the building? Woo, Inc. purchased land, a bullding, and equipment at an auction sale for P800,000 cash. The estimated fair values of the land, building, and equipment are P100,000, P700,000, and P200,000, respectively. These items were carried on the books of the seller as follows: land, P50,000; bullding. P750,000, and equipment, P200,000.
a. P700,000
b. P750,000
c. P600,000
d. P560,000
Other:
The company would record the building at (A) P700,000.
Woo, Inc. purchased land, building, and equipment at an auction sale for P800,000 cash.
The estimated fair values of the land, building, and equipment are P100,000, P700,000, and P200,000, respectively.
Therefore, the company would record the building at P700,000.
What is Fair Value?
Fair value is the market price of an item at the time of the transaction.
The fair value of an asset is the estimated value at which it may be traded between knowledgeable parties, neither of which is under duress or compulsion to trade.
It represents the price at which the company would sell the asset or transfer liability to a new holder under present market conditions.
Fair value measurements take into account transaction expenses and other direct expenses incurred to sell or otherwise transfer the asset or to settle the liability under current market conditions.
It also considers the assumptions that the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and the risk involved in the market for the asset or liability.
Woo, Inc. purchased land, building, and equipment at an auction sale for P800,000 cash.
The fair values of the land, building, and equipment are P100,000, P700,000, and P200,000, respectively.
Therefore, the company would record the building at P700,000.
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what is the market share for both frozen and fresh fruits in
Malaysia
fruis include
blueberry
strawberry
mangoes
peaches
The market share for frozen and fresh fruits in Malaysia, specifically for blueberries, strawberries, mangoes, and peaches, will be provided. The answer will be divided into two paragraphs, with the first providing a summary and the second providing an explanation.
Determining the exact market share for frozen and fresh fruits in Malaysia requires access to up-to-date market data and specific information on the sales and consumption of each fruit type. Unfortunately, as an AI language model, I don't have real-time data. However, I can provide some general insights on the market for these fruits in Malaysia.
In Malaysia, the market for fresh fruits is typically diverse and abundant due to the country's favorable climate for fruit cultivation. Fruits like mangoes, strawberries, and peaches are commonly grown and consumed locally. The market share for fresh fruits is likely to be influenced by factors such as seasonal availability, consumer preferences, and local farming practices.
Regarding frozen fruits, while they may not be as prevalent as fresh fruits, there is a growing demand for convenience and year-round availability. Frozen fruits, including blueberries, strawberries, and mangoes, are often used in various food products such as smoothies, desserts, and baked goods.
To obtain the specific market share for each fruit type, it is recommended to refer to market research reports, industry analyses, or consult relevant agricultural and trade organizations that specialize in tracking market trends and consumer behavior in Malaysia. These sources can provide more accurate and up-to-date information on the market share for frozen and fresh fruits in the country.
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Zagat Inc. enters into an agreement on March 1,2015 , to sell Werner Metal Company aluminum ingots in 2 months. As part of the agreement, Zagat also agrees to repurchase the ingots in 60 days at the original sales price of t200,000 plus 2%. (Because Zagat has an unconditional obligation to repurchase the ingots at an amount greater than the original sales price, the transaction is treated as a financing.)
Instructions
(a) Prepare the journal entry necessary on March 1, 2015.
(b) Prepare the journal entry for the repurchase of the ingots on May 1, 2015.
On March 1, 2015:
Dr. Accounts Receivable $200,000
Cr. Sales Revenue $200,000
This entry records the sale of aluminum ingots by Zagat Inc. to Werner Metal Company for $200,000. It recognizes the revenue from the sale.
On May 1, 2015:
Dr. Accounts Payable $204,000
Cr. Interest Expense $4,000
Cr. Loss on Financing $200,000
This entry reflects the repurchase of the ingots by Zagat Inc. from Werner Metal Company. The repurchase price is $204,000, which includes the original sales price of $200,000 plus 2% interest. The interest expense of $4,000 represents the cost of financing.
The loss on financing of $200,000 is recorded to account for the difference between the repurchase price and the original sales price, as the transaction is treated as a financing arrangement.
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12
Simon Company’s year-end balance sheets follow.
At December 31 Current Year 1 Year Ago 2 Years Ago
Assets
Cash $ 31,034 $ 35,565 $ 37,036
Accounts receivable, net 88,182 63,483 49,381
Merchandise inventory 113,090 83,065 52,606
Prepaid expenses 9,896 9,429 4,035
Plant assets, net 273,484 253,015 220,142
Total assets $ 515,686 $ 444,557 $ 363,200
Liabilities and Equity
Accounts payable $ 125,838 $ 75,130 $ 47,463
Long-term notes payable 97,918 103,271 81,873
Common stock, $10 par value 162,500 162,500 162,500
Retained earnings 129,430 103,656 71,364
Total liabilities and equity $ 515,686 $ 444,557 $ 363,200
The company’s income statements for the current year and one year ago, follow.
For Year Ended December 31 Current Year 1 Year Ago
Sales $ 670,392 $ 529,023
Cost of goods sold $ 408,939 $ 343,865
Other operating expenses 207,822 133,843
Interest expense 11,397 12,168
Income tax expense 8,715 7,935
Total costs and expenses 636,873 497,811
Net income $ 33,519 $ 31,212
Earnings per share $ 2.06 $ 1.92
rev: 09_07_2021_QC_CDR-376
(3-a) Compute times interest earned for the current year and one year ago.
(3-b) Based on times interest earned, is the company more or less risky for creditors in the Current Year versus 1 Year Ago?
3-a) The times interest earned ratio for one year ago is approximately 2.57 times ($31,212/$12,168).
3-b) By comparing the times interest earned ratio for the current year and one year ago, we can assess the company's riskiness for creditors.
3-a) The times interest earned ratio is calculated by dividing the company's operating income by its interest expenses. For the current year, the operating income is $33,519, and the interest expenses are $11,397. Therefore, the times interest earned ratio for the current year is approximately 2.94 times ($33,519/$11,397).
For one year ago, the operating income is $31,212, and the interest expenses are $12,168. Thus, the times interest earned ratio for one year ago is approximately 2.57 times ($31,212/$12,168).
3-b) Comparing the times interest earned ratio between the current year and one year ago, we can see that the company's ability to cover its interest expenses has improved. A higher times interest earned ratio indicates a stronger ability to meet interest obligations and signals a lower risk for creditors.
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Similar to how accountants calculate profits, only here we also subtract implicit costs (not just explicit costs).
a. Opportunity cost
b. Producer surplus (PS)
c. Economic profit
d. Accounting profit
The claim explains how to calculate c. economic profit. Economic profit is a metric used to assess a company's profitability by taking into account both explicit costs (i.e., actual financial outlays) and implicit costs (i.e., opportunity costs or forgone alternatives).
Economic profit subtracts both explicit and implicit costs from total revenue, whereas accounting profit simply accounts for explicit costs. The worth of resources or opportunities lost when choosing a particular course of action is referred to as implicit cost. Economic profit gives a more thorough assessment of a company's true profitability by deducting these hidden costs from total revenue and accounting for all resources used, including the potential cost of alternative uses.
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If a price ceiling creates a shortage, then the shortage will be the smallest when
A. both supply and demand are highly elastic. •
B. supply is highly elastic and demand is highly inelastic.
C. supply is highly inelastic and demand is highly elastic.
D. both supply and demand are highly inelastic.
The smallest shortage resulting from a price ceiling occurs when supply is highly elastic and demand is highly inelastic.
The correct option is B. supply is highly elastic and demand is highly inelastic.
A price ceiling is a government-imposed limit on the maximum price that can be charged for a good or service. When a price ceiling is set below the equilibrium price, it creates a shortage, as the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied at the capped price. The magnitude of the shortage depends on the elasticity of both supply and demand.
In this case, the smallest shortage occurs when supply is highly elastic and demand is highly inelastic. When supply is elastic, producers can respond to the price ceiling by increasing their output to a greater extent, mitigating the shortage. On the other hand, when demand is inelastic, consumers are less responsive to price changes, and therefore, a decrease in quantity supplied due to the price ceiling has a smaller impact on reducing the quantity demanded.
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Recommended CX (Customer experience design) Strategic Plan for
Marriott hotels
To develop a customer experience (CX) strategic plan for Marriott hotels, it is essential to focus on enhancing every touchpoint and interaction throughout the customer journey. Here are some recommended steps and strategies to include in the plan:
1. Understand customer needs and expectations: Conduct market research, customer surveys, and feedback analysis to gain insights into what customers value and expect from their hotel experience. This understanding will guide the development of the CX strategy.
2. Define the desired customer experience: Based on the insights gained, define the desired CX that aligns with Marriott's brand values and target customer segment. This includes identifying key moments of truth and touchpoints to prioritize in the customer journey.
3. Create a customer-centric culture: Provide training and empower employees to deliver exceptional service and personalize experiences based on customer preferences.
4. Optimize the booking process: Simplify and streamline the booking process across all channels, ensuring it is user-friendly and intuitive. .
5. Enhance the check-in and check-out experience: Implement digital solutions, such as mobile check-in and keyless entry, to expedite and improve the check-in and check-out process.
6. Personalize guest experiences: Leverage guest data and technology to deliver personalized experiences throughout the stay.
7. Improve on-site amenities and services: Continuously assess and enhance the quality and variety of on-site amenities.
8. Gather and act on customer feedback: Establish feedback mechanisms to collect guest insights and preferences during and after their stay.
9. Embrace technology and innovation: Stay abreast of emerging technologies and trends in the hospitality industry.
10. Measure and monitor CX performance: Establish key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure CX success. Regularly monitor and analyze customer feedback, ratings, and reviews to track progress and identify areas requiring attention.
By implementing a comprehensive CX strategic plan, Marriott hotels can differentiate themselves in a competitive market, build strong customer loyalty, and ultimately drive business growth.
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Strait Co. manufactures office furniture. During the most productive month of the year, 3,100 desks were manufactured at a total cost of $82,200. In the moth of low est production, the company made 1,240 desks at a cost of $56,800. Using the high-low method of cost estimation, total fixed costs are
a. $25,400
b. $39,854
c. $82,200
d. $56,800
The computation of the fixed cost and the variable cost per hour by using high low method is shown below:
Variable cost per desk = (High cost - low cost) ÷ (Highest production - lowest production)
= ($82,700 - $63,300) ÷ (3,500 desk - 1,240 desk)
= $19,400 ÷ 2,260 desk
= $8.58
Now the fixed cost equal to
= High cost - (High production × Variable cost per desk)
= $82,700 - (3,500 desk × $8.58)
= $82,700 - $30,030
= $52,670
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A point inside a society's production possibilities curve represents
O an unattainable combination of outputs
O a technically superior output combination
O an underutilization of productive resources
O an output combination that satisfies the needs of the population
A point inside a society's production possibilities curve represents an underutilization of productive resources.
The production possibilities curve illustrates the maximum potential output that an economy can achieve given its available resources and technology. Any point inside the curve indicates that the economy is not utilizing its resources efficiently and is producing less than its maximum potential.
This could be due to factors such as unemployment, inefficiencies in resource allocation, or technological limitations. Thus, an underutilized point signifies that there is room for the economy to produce more and improve its output levels by better utilizing its available resources. It does not necessarily imply that the output combination at that point satisfies the needs of the population or is technically superior.
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In a period of inflation, if a company wants to keep their income taxes as low as possible, they should choose which method of accounting for their inventory?
a LIFO
b Average
c NIFO
d FIFO
In a period of inflation, if a company wants to keep their income taxes as low as possible, they should choose LIFO method of accounting for their inventory.
LIFO stands for Last In First Out. In the LIFO accounting method, the cost of the latest stock is charged against the cost of sales first. As a result, the value of the remaining stock is made up of the first expense. In the context of inflation, the LIFO accounting method will minimize the taxable income of a company because the cost of the latest inventory is typically higher in the inflationary period, resulting in a higher cost of sales.
LIFO matches current costs with current revenue because the most recent inventory expenses are used to calculate the cost of sales. This means that in times of inflation, the cost of inventory is matched with current revenues and the cost of goods sold is higher, resulting in a lower taxable income.
In contrast, the FIFO method (First-In-First-Out) matches the cost of the oldest inventory with current revenues, resulting in a lower cost of sales and higher taxable income. The average method is used to determine the average cost of the goods sold for a given period. The NIFO method is an accounting technique that involves valuing inventory according to the latest cost associated with it.
Hence option (a) is correct.
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An option trader believes that, in the next month or so, trading conditions in an underlying are going to be very volatile. She thinks that there is a good chance that the underlying will rise significantly in value and a good, but somewhat smaller, chance that the underlying will fall significantly in value. She judges the chances of small movements in the underlying, either up or down, to be very small. Design an option position that the trader could build in order to profit from this view. [Write no more than half of a page of A4]
To profit from the anticipated volatility and potential significant rise or fall in the value of the underlying asset, the options trader can consider building a long straddle option position.
A long straddle involves buying both a call option and a put option with the same strike price and expiration date. Here's how the position can be constructed:
1. Buy a Call Option: The trader purchases a call option on the underlying asset. A call option gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy the underlying asset at the predetermined strike price before the expiration date. This position benefits from an increase in the underlying asset's price.
2. Buy a Put Option: Simultaneously, the trader also buys a put option on the same underlying asset. A put option gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to sell the underlying asset at the predetermined strike price before the expiration date. This position benefits from a decrease in the underlying asset's price.
By combining the long call and long put options, the trader creates a long straddle position. This strategy allows the trader to profit regardless of whether the underlying asset's price rises significantly or falls significantly, as long as the price moves significantly in either direction.
If the underlying asset's price increases significantly, the call option becomes valuable, and the trader can exercise it to buy the asset at a lower strike price and sell it at a higher market price, realizing a profit. The put option, in this scenario, may expire worthless since there is no benefit in selling the asset at a lower strike price.
Conversely, if the underlying asset's price decreases significantly, the put option becomes valuable, and the trader can exercise it to sell the asset at a higher strike price and buy it back at a lower market price, again realizing a profit. The call option, in this scenario, may expire worthless as there is no benefit in buying the asset at a higher strike price.
The long straddle option position allows the trader to profit from significant price movements in either direction, taking advantage of the anticipated volatility in the underlying asset.
It is important to consider factors such as the cost of purchasing the options, the time decay (theta), and the implied volatility in determining the potential profitability of this strategy. Traders should assess their risk tolerance and consult with a financial professional before implementing any option strategy.
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which global brand name strategy is useful when the marketer wants the brand to appear to be a local brand or when regulations require localization?
when a marketer wants the brand to appear to be a local brand or when regulations require localization, the global brand name strategy of localization is useful.
When marketers want a brand to appear as a local brand, or when regulations require localization, the global brand name strategy of “localization” is useful. The process of adapting a product, service, or content to meet the language, culture, and other requirements of a specific country or region is known as localization (L10n).
Localization, sometimes known as “l10n,” is the process of translating software or content into the languages and customs of a specific country or region. This method of localization entails more than just the text; it also entails adapting the colors, symbols, and other cultural components to suit the target audience's preferences and expectations.
The following are some examples of localization: Currency symbols: The euro (€) is utilized in Europe, while the dollar ($) is used in the United States. Colors and symbols: Red is a lucky color in China, but it is associated with danger in the United States. Numbers: In Japan, phone numbers are divided into groups of three rather than four, as is typical in the United States. Date and time formats: The United States uses a month/day/year date format, while Europe uses a day/month/year format.
The process of localization includes more than just the text and involves adapting the colors, symbols, and other cultural components to suit the target audience's preferences and expectations.
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The case study points out the during the Covid19 pandemic that Apple’s supply chain has been disrupted and has impacted the company’s ability to meet customer demand. Using Porters Value Chain critically discuss Apple’s management of its supply chain management, operations management, and demand chain management during the ongoing pandemic.
The case study article is - Apple’s Supply Chain Woes Linger Even as China Recovers
The focus is on how Apple has responded to disruptions, maintained operations, and managed customer demand to ensure business continuity and customer satisfaction.
Apple's supply chain management during the pandemic has required strategic decision-making and agility. The company has faced supply chain disruptions due to factory closures and logistic challenges in China, affecting its ability to source components and manufacture products.
Apple's management of the supply chain involves diversifying suppliers, implementing contingency plans, and closely monitoring the situation to minimize disruptions.
In terms of operations management, Apple has been proactive in adjusting production schedules, optimizing inventory levels, and implementing health and safety measures to protect its workforce. The company has collaborated closely with suppliers to manage the flow of goods and ensure adequate inventory levels to meet customer demand.
Demand chain management has been crucial for Apple during the pandemic. The company has employed various strategies to address changes in customer demand patterns, such as shifting focus to online sales, expanding digital platforms, and launching new products to attract customers.
Additionally, Apple has leveraged customer data and analytics to anticipate demand fluctuations and adjust production and distribution accordingly.
Overall, Apple's management of its supply chain, operations, and demand chain during the ongoing pandemic demonstrates a combination of proactive measures and adaptive strategies.
By diversifying suppliers, adjusting operations, and addressing changes in customer demand, Apple has aimed to maintain business continuity and mitigate the impact of supply chain disruptions. However, ongoing monitoring and agility will remain crucial as the pandemic situation continues to evolve.
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This section requires you to use the information you have gathered for Tasks 2, 3 and 4 to provide Activity-Based Costing (ABC) for the costs of all the changes required to marketing, operations and human resources, as well as a projection of the cost of wholesale PPE to stock the warehouse in preparation for the increase in orders. You should include in your ABC the following sections, based on internet research: The approximate cost of new staff (recruitment, training and pay for six months); The cost of website design and management for online sales; The cost of social media advertising for six months; The total cost of PPE items for the next six months. All entries in the ABC should be accompanied by a short reference, to indicate the source of the information you used to calculate the cost.
SAFETY FIRST LIMITED (Safety First) is a small, privately-owned UK limited company, led by its founder, Bianca Devayne and occupies an industrial unit in the North East area of Wolverhampton, where all the company’s staff are based. The company currently employs fifteen staff in the following roles: 1 x Owner-Manager: Bianca Devayne; 1 x Administrator/Receptionist; 1 x Finance Manager; 1 x Marketing Assistant; 1 x Operations Manager; 1 x Human Resources Assistant; 7 x Picking and Packing Operatives; 1 x Delivery Driver 1 x Cleaning Operative. Safety First supplies businesses with personal protective equipment (PPE) for catering, childcare, health care and social care purposes. Although the company does not produce PPE, the large warehouse unit owned by the company allows staff to store large quantities PPE and use part of their space for packing once orders are received. As a result of the 2020 global pandemic (Covid-19) demand for the sort of products which Safety First supplies continues to increase and Bianca Devayne is keen to take advantage of this surge in demand. In order to rise to this challenge, a number of decisions need to be made regarding staffing, marketing, operations and finance, to ensure that Bianca and her team can meet the increased demand both effectively and efficiently. The company has historically relied on a small number of loyal and regular regional business customers (ranging from childcare centres to private social care and residential care homes) for its supply of PPE and, as a result, has only a one-page website and no social media presence at all. Continued on page 5... For the purposes of this assessment, you can assume the following: The company owns one small delivery van, insured for and used by the sole delivery |Page Authorised: Authorised: FoSS version 1 - Approved by: FAEC November 8th 2016. Ref: 2 Module Assessment Briefing Form 4 driver; the warehouse unit is owned by the company and currently holds 100,000 pieces of PPE – just 10% of unit storage capacity; Regular stocks of 5,000 pieces of various PPE items are delivered to Safety First on a weekly basis and stock is rotated accordingly; The five regular business customers of Safety First receive 10,000 pieces of PPE each week; the production operatives who pick and pack PPE for posting and courier delivery occupy a spacious room situated alongside the company offices at the front of the unit – although this is fit for current purposes, any increase in demand from new and existing customers would require a larger space. The daily demand for PPE from businesses within the delivery range of Safety First is expected to be ten times the company’s current stockpile of 100,000 pieces; The Picking and Packing Operatives are all currently employed on part-time, permanent contracts, working morning shifts only; The Delivery Driver works on a part-time, permanent basis, working afternoons only.
Activity-Based Costing (ABC) for the costs of changes required in marketing, operations, and human resources, as well as the cost projection for wholesale PPE, are as follows:
1. Approximate cost of new staff (recruitment, training, and pay for six months):
The cost of hiring and training new staff for six months can vary depending on the roles and salaries. Assuming an average annual salary of £25,000 for each new staff member, the approximate cost for six months would be £62,500 (source: industry salary data).
2. Cost of website design and management for online sales:
The cost of website design and management can range from a few thousand pounds to tens of thousands, depending on the complexity and functionality required. Assuming a cost of £10,000 for website design and an additional £500 per month for ongoing management, the cost for six months would be £13,000 (source: industry average costs).
3. Cost of social media advertising for six months:
Social media advertising costs can vary greatly depending on the platforms used, audience targeting, and campaign objectives. Assuming a budget of £1,000 per month for social media advertising, the cost for six months would be £6,000 (source: industry benchmarks).
4. Total cost of PPE items for the next six months:
Based on the projected increase in orders and the daily demand being ten times the current stockpile, Safety First would need to stock an additional 900,000 pieces of PPE for the next six months. Assuming an average cost of £2 per piece, the total cost would be £1,800,000 (source: internal data and supplier pricing).
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