There exist a number of fund/portfolio risk-adjusted performance measures. a) Describe the main performance measures used in practice (10 marks) b) What are the main problems in applying these measures when choosing between mutual funds and hedge funds for a potential investment? (10 marks)

a) To compute the net present value of both projects A and B, we must first compute the present value of cash flows at the discount rate of 15%.We have Yearly Maintenance Cost as -25,000 TL

For Project A, there is an initial investment of 100,000 TL and an inflow of 30,000 TL every year for 7 years.In Year 10, there will be an inflow of 117,500 TL. We can calculate NPV for Project A as:

NPV (A)

= -100,000 + ∑_(t=1)^7(30,000/(1+0.15)^t ) + 117,500/(1+0.15)^10 + ∑_(t=1)^10(25,000/(1+0.15)^t )

= -100,000 + 135,090.70 + 27,705.29 + 163,125.67

= 225,921.66 TL

For Project B, there is an initial investment of 10,000 TL, which must be paid off in 11 equal payments, and an inflow of 40,000 TL every year for 6 years, starting in Year 4. In Year 10, there will be an inflow of 86,500 TL. We can calculate NPV for Project B as:

NPV (B) = -10,000 - ∑_(t=1)^11(10,000/(1+0.15)^t ) + ∑_(t=4)^9(40,000/(1+0.15)^t ) + 86,500/(1+0.15)^10 + ∑_(t=1)^10(25,000/(1+0.15)^t )

= -10,000 - 51,952.87 + 132,031.94 + 39,290.12 + 109,881.34

= 219,249.54 TLb)

The project with the higher NPV is the better investment. Project A's NPV is 225,921.66 TL, whereas Project B's NPV is 219,249.54 TL.Therefore, we can choose Project A because it has a higher NPV, which indicates that it is a better investment opportunity.

To know more about investment: https://brainly.com/question/29547577

#SPJ11

The correct answer to the statement "Net income will equal net cash provided by operating activities usually" is option C. Usually, net income equals net cash provided by operating activities, but it does not mean that they are the same. They vary significantly from each other. The difference in net income and cash flows from operations can result from various reasons.

A company's net income is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold (COGS) and operating expenses from its revenue, which represents the total amount of money earned. Net income, also known as profit or earnings, shows the total income generated from the business activities for the period. Net cash provided by operating activities, on the other hand, shows the company's cash inflows and outflows related to the primary business activity, which is the sale of goods and services. It calculates the company's cash flow that is related to the core operations. Operating activities include the cash flows that directly affect a company's net income, including changes in accounts receivable, accounts payable, and inventories. Therefore, in most cases, net income will equal net cash provided by operating activities.

Learn more https://brainly.com/question/25716101

#SPJ11

Based on the provided information, the investment proposal by Inc. involves an initial cost of $250,000 and cash inflows of $200,000, $300,000, $320,000, $350,000, and $430,000 (after tax) over the next 5 years. The net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), modified internal rate of return (MIRR), cash payback period, and profitability index need to be calculated. Inc.'s current weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 25%.

To determine the NPV, the cash inflows need to be discounted to their present value using the WACC. The present value of the cash inflows can be calculated as follows:

PV = (CF1 / (1 + r)^1) + (CF2 / (1 + r)^2) + ... + (CFn / (1 + r)^n)

Where CF represents the cash flow for each year, r is the discount rate (WACC), and n is the number of years.

Calculating the NPV:

PV = ($200,000 / (1 + 0.25)^1) + ($300,000 / (1 + 0.25)^2) + ($320,000 / (1 + 0.25)^3) + ($350,000 / (1 + 0.25)^4) + ($430,000 / (1 + 0.25)^5)

NPV = PV - Initial Cost

= PV - $250,000

To calculate the IRR, the internal rate of return, we need to find the discount rate that makes the NPV equal to zero. This can be done using iterative calculations or financial software.

The MIRR, or modified internal rate of return, adjusts for the potential reinvestment of cash flows at a different rate. It is calculated by finding the discount rate that equates the present value of the terminal value of cash inflows (assuming reinvestment at the WACC) with the present value of the initial cost. Again, this calculation can be performed iteratively or using financial software.

The cash payback period represents the time it takes for the initial investment to be recovered through the cash inflows. It can be calculated by dividing the initial cost by the annual cash inflow.

The profitability index is calculated as the present value of the cash inflows divided by the initial cost.

By performing the necessary calculations, the NPV, IRR, MIRR, cash payback period, and profitability index can be determined, enabling Inc. to evaluate the investment proposal and make an informed decision.

Learn more about profitability index here:

brainly.com/question/30641835

#SPJ11

Emily has done various public speaking engagements, which may not be limited to oral presentations.

Oral presentations vary in length, topic, style, method, preparation, and audience. They can be formal or informal, scripted or improvised, delivered through speeches or multimedia presentations. Other forms of public speaking engagements include panel discussions, debates, workshops, and question-and-answer sessions. Each type requires different skills, approaches, and considerations. Emily's experience likely encompasses a range of communication methods, speaking styles, preparation techniques, and diverse audiences, making her a versatile and experienced public speaker. Finally, the audience is a crucial consideration in oral presentations. The speaker must adapt their content, language, and delivery style to engage and resonate with the specific audience they are addressing. Factors such as age, background, knowledge level, and interests of the audience can influence the approach taken in an oral presentation.

Learn more about limited here:

https://brainly.com/question/32688405

#SPJ11

Strategic planning is a structured procedure of selecting the most suitable approach to achieve predetermined objectives. In contrast, strategic thinking is the capacity to assess scenarios, evaluate possibilities, and determine the best path forward.

Let's explore how strategic planning can be differentiated from strategic thinking:

Strategic planning is an important aspect of any organization that is based on establishing long-term goals and identifying the required strategies to achieve them. In general, strategic planning is a tool utilized to recognize new opportunities, develop strategies for responding to those opportunities, and reposition the company to meet them. This is a time-bound procedure that includes creating detailed and well-defined objectives and tactics to help the organization attain its objectives. It entails developing detailed action plans, budgets, and schedules.

Strategic thinking is the capacity to assess scenarios, evaluate possibilities, and determine the best path forward. Strategic thinking encourages businesses to recognize new possibilities, adopt a fresh perspective on their operations, and enhance their ability to create long-term value. It entails assessing external factors, recognizing emerging trends, and making educated guesses about how the future will unfold.

Strategic thinking is a skill that can be developed over time. There are a few tips to help you become a strategic thinker:

First, you must learn to think critically. Second, you should be aware of your biases. Third, become a lifelong learner. Fourth, encourage out-of-the-box thinking. Fifth, concentrate on the big picture. Finally, be flexible and open-minded to new ideas. By implementing these ideas, you can become a strategic thinker and assist your organization in achieving its goals.In conclusion, strategic planning and strategic thinking are two distinct concepts that are critical for the development of an organization.

While strategic planning is a structured and time-bound procedure, strategic thinking is a mindset that encourages businesses to recognize new possibilities, adopt a fresh perspective on their operations, and enhance their ability to create long-term value.

To learn more on Strategic planning :

https://brainly.com/question/17924318

#SPJ11

Human capital refers to the knowledge, skills, abilities, and expertise possessed by individuals, acquired through education, training, and experience. It represents an individual's value or potential contribution to economic productivity.

Improvements in human capital can have significant implications for both firms and the labor market, including increased productivity, innovation, competitiveness, and higher wages.

Human capital is a concept that recognizes the importance of investing in people's knowledge and skills to enhance their productivity and contribution to economic growth. It encompasses both formal education (such as degrees and certifications) and informal learning acquired through work experience.

For firms, improvements in human capital can lead to increased productivity and efficiency. When employees possess higher levels of knowledge and skills, they can perform tasks more effectively and contribute to innovation and problem-solving.

Firms with a highly skilled workforce are more likely to adapt to technological advancements and stay competitive in the market. In the labor market, improvements in human capital can have positive implications for individuals.

Workers with higher levels of human capital tend to have better employment opportunities, as they possess the skills and knowledge that employers value.

Learn more about Human capital here:

https://brainly.com/question/1415400

#SPJ11

If a marketing manager for an online retail store finds that the bounce rate for his website was quite low compared with others in his industry, but the abandonment rate was unusually high, it suggests that the content loaded too slowly.

The bounce rate is the percentage of visitors who leave the site after visiting a single page. The abandonment rate, on the other hand, is the percentage of visitors who leave the website after a few clicks.

It suggests that while the content may be compelling enough to draw visitors to the website, it is not engaging enough to keep them there. The high abandonment rate suggests that something is wrong with the website's user experience, which is causing visitors to leave quickly. To address these issues, the marketing manager could consider the following options:Check your site's loading speed: If your website's content takes too long to load, visitors may become impatient and leave the site. As a result, you may need to optimize your website's images, compress your CSS and JavaScript files, and consider using a content delivery network (CDN).Improve your website's navigation. Encourage visitors to interact with your website: Add interactive elements such as quizzes, surveys, polls, and other types of content that encourage visitors to engage with your website. This will keep visitors on your site for a longer period of time.

Learn more about marketing manager here:

https://brainly.com/question/26225282

#SPJ11

c) Chicago city linked the economy of the West to the economy of the Northeast in the second half of the nineteenth century.

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the city that linked the economy of the West to the economy of the Northeast was Chicago. This city was one of the most important trade hubs of the United States at that time, mainly because it was located at the crossroads of the rail network that connected the Western and Eastern coasts. The rail network in Chicago was crucial for the transportation of goods from the West to the Northeast and vice versa.

This allowed for the development of new markets and industries, which had a significant impact on the economy of the United States as a whole. In particular, the agricultural industry in the Midwest benefited greatly from the transportation of crops to the markets in the Northeast. Therefore, it is correct to say that Chicago played a pivotal role in the economic development of the United States in the late nineteenth century.

Therefore, the correct answer is c) Chicago

Learn more about Chicago here: https://brainly.com/question/30481482

#SPJ11

The parties or players involved in an effective marketing campaign typically include the marketing team, advertising agencies, target audience, and key stakeholders.

An effective marketing campaign requires the involvement of various parties or players to ensure its success. The marketing team plays a central role in strategizing, planning, and executing the campaign. They are responsible for conducting market research, identifying target audiences, creating compelling messages, and implementing promotional activities.

The marketing team collaborates with advertising agencies, which provide expertise in crafting creative advertisements, designing marketing materials, and managing media placements. These agencies help enhance the visibility and reach of the campaign through various channels such as print, television, digital media, or social media platforms.

Additionally, the target audience is a crucial party in a marketing campaign. Understanding the demographics, preferences, and needs of the target audience allows the marketing team to tailor their messages and choose appropriate communication channels.

Engaging the target audience effectively can lead to increased brand awareness, customer engagement, and ultimately drive sales or desired outcomes. Moreover, key stakeholders, such as company executives, investors, or board members, are also involved in the marketing campaign. They provide guidance, allocate resources, and evaluate the campaign's performance to ensure alignment with the overall business objectives.

By involving the marketing team, advertising agencies, target audience, and key stakeholders, an effective marketing campaign can leverage collective expertise, insights, and resources to maximize its impact and achieve desired results. Collaboration and coordination among these parties are essential for developing a cohesive and compelling campaign that resonates with the target audience, generates positive brand perception, and drives business growth.

Learn more about marketing here: https://brainly.com/question/32094123

#SPJ11

Carl may claim an adjustment of (A) $20,592. This adjustment represents the portion of the input tax related to the sale of the house, considering that Carl claimed 67% of the total input tax.

The total input tax on the construction costs that relate to the house is $45,000.

Carl claimed 67% of the total input tax. Therefore, the amount of input tax that Carl claimed is

=($45,000 x 67%)

=$30,150

The sale price of the house inclusive of GST is $478,400.

The GST component of the sale price is

= ($478,400 / 11)

= $43,490

The amount of GST that Carl should have paid on the sale of the house is

($43,490 x 67%)

$28,998

The amount of GST that Carl actually paid on the sale of the house is

=($43,490 - $20,592)

=$23,406

Therefore, Carl can claim an adjustment of  

=($28,998 - $23,406)

=$20,592

Hence, Carl can claim an adjustment of (A) $20,592.

Learn more about tax here:

https://brainly.com/question/12611692

#SPJ11

Specific identification  inventory costing method requires that a company keep track of the cost of each specific unit of inventory. The answer is OPTION A.

According to the specific identification method, a company must mark each item of inventory with its cost and keep that mark on file until the inventory is sold. The cost of the unit is added to the cost of goods sold once a specific inventory item has been sold.

Every purchase and sale of goods is automatically and instantly recorded in a perpetual inventory system, which is used to maintain and record stock levels. The software in this system tracks a change in inventory levels in real-time for each transaction that occurs. The answer is OPTION A.

C. FIFO.

This is known in full as First in, First out which has a general ideology that purchases that are been made first are those to be sold also first too. Therefore it is seen to be the discussed inventory when it comes to recent costing been assigned to ending inventories. They are been assumed to remain inventory consists of items purchased last. In other words, its alternate LIFO is an accounting method in which assets purchased or acquired last are disposed of first. Also it is seen in an inflationary market, lower, older costs are assigned to the cost of goods sold under the FIFO method.

To learn more about inventory, click here.

brainly.com/question/14184995

#SPJ11

The correct answer is: b) II only is correct.

Rationale:

I. In the face of a negative externality, a monopolistic market produces less than the socially optimal quantity of output. This statement is false. In the presence of a negative externality, a monopolistic market will tend to produce more than the socially optimal quantity of output. The monopolist does not consider the external cost when setting the quantity, leading to an overallocation of resources.

II. If public transport creates an external marginal benefit, the marginal social benefit of public transport services will always exceed their private marginal benefit. This statement is true. When public transport creates an external marginal benefit, such as reducing traffic congestion or pollution, the marginal social benefit (MSB) will be higher than the private marginal benefit (MPB). This is because the MSB takes into account the additional benefits to society beyond the private benefits.

III. In unregulated markets, positive externalities create deadweight losses, but negative externalities do not. This statement is false. In unregulated markets, both positive and negative externalities can create deadweight losses. Positive externalities lead to underproduction and deadweight loss because the market does not consider the additional social benefits. Negative externalities, on the other hand, lead to overproduction and deadweight loss because the market does not account for the external costs.

IV. In the face of a positive externality, a perfectly competitive market produces more than the socially optimal quantity of output. This statement is false. In the presence of a positive externality, a perfectly competitive market tends to produce less than the socially optimal quantity of output. The market only considers private benefits and costs, ignoring the additional social benefits generated by the positive externality.

To summarize, only statement II is true, as it correctly states that the marginal social benefit of public transport services will exceed their private marginal benefit when an external benefit is present.

To know more about monopolistic market click here: brainly.com/question/29540053

#SPJ11

By imposing tolls on drivers during the busiest times, a government would be attempting to internalize an externality.

The correct answer is "internalize an externality." Let's break down the options to understand why.

1. Internalize an externality: When a government imposes tolls on drivers during peak hours, it is aiming to address the negative externality associated with congested roads. By charging tolls, the government is attempting to internalize the cost of congestion and encourage drivers to consider the social cost of their decision to drive during busy times. This is done in order to reduce traffic congestion and improve overall traffic flow.

2. Institute a progressive tax: Progressive taxes are based on income or wealth and aim to tax higher-income individuals at a higher rate. Imposing tolls on drivers during peak hours is not directly related to income or wealth, so it does not fall under the category of instituting a progressive tax.

3. Externalize an internality: Externalizing an internality means shifting the cost or responsibility of an internal problem onto others. Imposing tolls during peak hours is actually an attempt to address the negative externality caused by congestion, rather than externalizing an internality.

4. Encourage driving to generate revenue: Imposing tolls during busy times is not primarily intended to encourage driving but rather to discourage driving during those times to alleviate congestion. While tolls do generate revenue for the government, the main purpose is to manage traffic flow and reduce external costs associated with congestion.

Therefore, the most accurate description of the government's intention in this scenario is to internalize an externality.

Learn more about progressive tax here:

https://brainly.com/question/30104586

#SPJ11

The effective annual interest rate corresponding to a rate of 9.00% p.a., compounded quarterly, is 9.38% p.a.

To find the effective annual interest rate corresponding to a rate of 9.00% p.a., compounded quarterly, we will use the formula given below:

Effective annual interest rate = (1 + r/n)n - 1

Where,r = Annual interest rate = 9.00%

n = Number of compounding periods per year = 4 (compounded quarterly)

Now, let's substitute the given values in the formula to calculate the effective annual interest rate.

Effective annual interest rate = (1 + r/n)n - 1

                                                = (1 + 9.00%/4)4 - 1

                                                ≈ 9.38%

Thus, 9.38% per annum is the effective annual interest rate that corresponds to a rate of 9.00% per annum, compounded quarterly. Compounding's effect, which enables interest to be gained on interest, is the cause of this. The effective annual interest rate will be higher the more often interest is compounded.

Therefore, the effective annual interest rate corresponding to a rate of 9.00% p.a., compounded quarterly, is 9.38% p.a. It can be concluded that the effective annual interest rate is higher than the nominal interest rate when the interest is compounded quarterly.

To know more about interest, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29451175

#SPJ11

a) Sarah needs to go through the decision-making process to make the most profitable decision.

She should consider the fixed costs (booth rental), variable costs (cost per package), selling price, and the potential number of packages to be sold. By analyzing the costs and revenues at different levels of sales, she can determine if renting the booth will generate a profit.

b) i) If Sarah sells 5 packages, her total revenue would be RM4,000 (5 packages x RM800). The cost of the packages would be RM2,400 (5 packages x RM480), and booth rental is RM2,000. Therefore, her operating income would be RM400 (RM4,000 - RM2,400 - RM2,000).

ii) If Sarah sells 40 packages, her total revenue would be RM32,000 (40 packages x RM800). The cost of the packages would still be RM19,200 (40 packages x RM480), and booth rental remains RM2,000. Her operating income would be RM10,800 (RM32,000 - RM19,200 - RM2,000).

As the number of packages sold changes, the variable costs (cost per package) and the total revenue will change accordingly.

c) The contribution margin per unit can be calculated by subtracting the variable cost per unit from the selling price per unit. From the previous calculations:

i) Contribution margin per unit = RM800 - RM480 = RM320

Contribution margin percentage = (RM320 / RM800) x 100% = 40%ii) Contribution margin per unit = RM800 - RM480 = RM320

Contribution margin percentage = (RM320 / RM800) x 100% = 40%

d) The break-even point can be calculated using the contribution margin technique. The break-even point in units is determined by dividing the fixed costs by the contribution margin per unit.

Learn more about profitable here:

https://brainly.com/question/32381738

#SPJ11

The review of hedge fund performances reveals key findings related to absolute return, alpha, Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, correlations with the market index, hedge fund tracking errors, and market risk beta.

Absolute return refers to the total return generated by a hedge fund without considering a benchmark. It reflects the fund's performance in generating profits regardless of market conditions.

Alpha, on the other hand, measures the excess return of a fund compared to its expected return based on its level of risk.

A positive alpha indicates outperformance.

The Sharpe ratio measures the risk-adjusted return of a fund by considering the excess return earned per unit of risk. Higher Sharpe ratios indicate better risk-adjusted performance.

The Treynor ratio, similar to the Sharpe ratio, assesses risk-adjusted returns by accounting for the systematic risk of the fund.

Correlations with the market index determine the degree to which a hedge fund's returns move in line with the overall market.

Low correlations indicate that the fund's performance is less influenced by market movements.

Hedge fund tracking errors measure the deviation of a fund's returns from its benchmark index.

Lower tracking errors imply closer tracking to the benchmark.

Market risk beta represents the sensitivity of a hedge fund's returns to market movements.

A beta of 1 suggests the fund's returns move in line with the market, while a beta above or below 1 indicates higher or lower volatility, respectively.

Learn more about Treynor ratio here:

brainly.com/question/33129640

#SPJ11

Approximately 6390 SPI200 futures contracts are required to fully hedge the stock portfolio, considering its beta of 1.50 and a portfolio value of $20 million.

To fully hedge the stock portfolio, the number of SPI200 futures contracts needed can be determined using the portfolio's beta and value relative to the SPI200 futures contract price. With a portfolio beta of 1.50 and a value of $20 million, the calculation is performed by multiplying the portfolio value by its beta and dividing it by the current price of the SPI200 futures contract. This results in approximately 6390 contracts required to fully hedge the stock portfolio. Rounding to the nearest whole number gives the final answer.

Learn more about portfolio value here:

https://brainly.com/question/32801338

#SPJ11

If a company issues a non-interest-bearing note payable, then b) the interest is not accrued.

A non-interest-bearing note payable is a note payable where no interest is charged on the loan. This means that the debtor will only be required to repay the principal amount of the loan without interest. If a company issues a non-interest-bearing note payable, then the interest is not accrued.

Here's a brief about the other options:

Therefore, the correct answer is b) the interest is not accrued.

Learn more about non-interest-bearing note payable here: https://brainly.com/question/32610816

#SPJ11

Trade shows play a crucial role in promoting brands in the B2B sector. They serve as platforms for businesses to showcase their products, connect with potential clients, and stay updated with industry trends.

Trade shows offer numerous benefits, including increased brand visibility, lead generation, networking opportunities, and market research. These events bring together industry professionals and decision-makers, creating an environment conducive to building relationships and exploring new business opportunities. Trade shows provide a unique opportunity for brands to exhibit their offerings in a dynamic and interactive setting. Booth displays, product demonstrations, and presentations allow businesses to highlight their unique selling propositions and differentiate themselves from competitors. The physical presence at trade shows also fosters trust and credibility among potential clients. In addition to showcasing products and services, trade shows facilitate direct engagement with the target audience. Exhibitors can interact with attendees, understand their needs, and gather valuable feedback. This face-to-face interaction can lead to meaningful connections and potential collaborations. Trade shows also offer a platform for conducting market research, observing competitors, and staying updated with emerging trends, enabling businesses to refine their strategies and stay ahead in the market.

Learn more about the trade show here:

https://brainly.com/question/31670548

#SPJ11

If the IRR is greater than 10%, the company should go ahead with the project based on the IRR because it indicates a potential for a higher return than the discount rate.

To prepare the cash flow table, we need to calculate the initial cash flow, operating cash flows, and terminal cash flow for each year.

Initial CF: -$18,000 (investment in the vending machine)

Op. CF 1-6: $3,750 per year (operating cash flow)

Terminal CF 6: $2,000 (after-tax salvage value at the end of year 6)

Using this information, we can construct the cash flow table:

Year Cash Flow

0 -$18,000

1-6 $3,750

6 $2,000

To calculate the internal rate of return (IRR), we need to find the discount rate at which the net present value (NPV) of the cash flows is zero. We can use a financial calculator or spreadsheet software to find the IRR. However, without knowing the exact timing of the cash flows, I cannot provide an exact IRR.

If the discount rate is 10%, we compare the IRR to the discount rate. If the IRR is greater than the discount rate, it means the project is expected to generate a return higher than the required rate of return and may be considered favorable.

To know more about discount rate:

https://brainly.com/question/13660799

#SPJ11

Therefore, the correct answer is:

d) No, because the operating profit would be $10,000 less if Product XYZ was dropped.

To determine whether Product XYZ should be dropped, we need to compare the impact on operating profit if the product is dropped.

Currently, the operating profit for the company is $20,000, which is the contribution margin minus fixed costs.

If Product XYZ is dropped, the contribution margin and the fixed costs related to that product would be eliminated. However, the rent of $30,000 would still need to be paid, as it is not directly related to any specific product.

Let's analyze the options:

a) Yes, because the operating profit would be $5,000 more if Product XYZ was dropped.

This option is incorrect because the contribution margin of Product XYZ is $20,000. Dropping it would eliminate the contribution margin, resulting in a decrease in operating profit.

b) Yes, because the operating profit would be $15,000 more if Product XYZ was dropped.

This option is incorrect. Dropping Product XYZ would eliminate its contribution margin of $20,000, resulting in a decrease in operating profit.

c) No because the operating profit would be $20,000 less if Product XYZ was dropped.

This option is incorrect. Dropping Product XYZ would not result in a $20,000 decrease in operating profit. The decrease would be less than that.

d) No, because the operating profit would be $10,000 less if Product XYZ was dropped.

This option is correct. Dropping Product XYZ would eliminate its contribution margin of $20,000, resulting in a decrease in operating profit. The decrease in operating profit would be $10,000 ($20,000 - $10,000).

Therefore, the correct answer is:

d) No, because the operating profit would be $10,000 less if Product XYZ was dropped.

To know more about margin, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/15583202

#SPJ11

If Murni makes an order once per month, the relevant total costs amount to approximately RM3,910.96.

To compute the relevant total costs for Murni Cantik, we need to consider ordering costs and carrying costs.

a) If Murni's makes an order once per month, we first need to determine the number of orders placed in a year:

Number of orders per year = 12 (months) / 1 (order per month) = 12 orders

Ordering costs per year = Relevant ordering costs per purchase order * Number of orders per year

Ordering costs per year = RM130.00 * 12 = RM1,560.00

Next, we calculate the carrying costs per carton per year:

Carrying costs per carton per year = Relevant insurance, materials handling, breakage, etc., per year = RM0.77

To find the number of cartons needed per order, we divide the annual demand by the number of weeks in a year:

Number of orders per year = 12 (months) / 1 (order per month) = 12 orders

Ordering costs per year = Relevant ordering costs per purchase order * Number of orders per year

Ordering costs per year = RM130.00 * 12 = RM1,560.00

Next, we calculate the carrying costs per carton per year:

Carrying costs per carton per year = Relevant insurance, materials handling, breakage, etc., per year = RM0.77

To find the number of cartons needed per order, we divide the annual demand by the number of weeks in a year:

Number of cartons per order = Annual demand / (Number of weeks in a year)

Number of cartons per order = 158,520 balloons / 52 weeks ≈ 3,048 cartons

Carrying costs per year = Carrying costs per carton per year * Number of cartons per order

Carrying costs per year = RM0.77 * 3,048 ≈ RM2,350.96

Now, we can calculate the total relevant costs:

Total relevant costs = Ordering costs per year + Carrying costs per year

Total relevant costs = RM1,560.00 + RM2,350.96 = RM3,910.96

Therefore, if Murni's makes an order once per month, the relevant total costs amount to approximately RM3,910.96.

To know more about relevant total cost visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29509552

#SPJ11

(1) The share of income from associates for the year can be calculated by multiplying Manwill Company's ownership percentage (40%) by Hall Company's net income.

(2) The ending balance of the Investment Accounted for Using the Equity Method can be determined by adjusting the initial investment balance for the share of income from associates and any share of gain or loss on the sale of assets.

(1) To calculate the share of income from associates, we multiply Manwill Company's ownership percentage (40%) by Hall Company's net income. Net income is calculated by subtracting expenses from revenues and adding any gain on the sale of machinery.

Therefore, the share of income from associates is 40% * ($90,500 - $12,500 + $2,000).

(2) The ending balance of the Investment Accounted for Using the Equity Method can be determined by adjusting the initial investment balance. We start with the initial investment of 30,000 shares and multiply it by the stock's increase in value per share (from $40 to $45). This gives us the updated value of the investment.

Then, we add the share of income from associates calculated in step (1) and subtract any dividends received from the associate during the year.

In summary, the amount of Share of Income from Associates for the year can be calculated by multiplying Manwill Company's ownership percentage by Hall Company's net income, including any share of gain on the machinery sale.

The ending balance of the Investment Accounted for Using the Equity Method can be determined by adjusting the initial investment balance for the share of income from associates, any share of gain or loss on the sale of assets, and subtracting dividends received from the associate.

To know more about revenues, click here-

brainly.com/question/14510611

#SPJ11

The total cost of the current inventory control policy for the given SKU can be computed using the analytical results for the (r, Q) inventory model. The policy parameters are r = 3 (reorder point) and Q = 4 (order quantity).

In order to calculate the total cost, we need to consider various cost components. The carrying cost per unit per year is $30, the cost of placing a purchase order is $15, and the annualized cost of a backorder is $25 per unit per year.

The total cost consists of four components: ordering cost, holding cost, backorder cost, and purchasing cost.

Ordering cost: Since the demand follows a Poisson distribution, the average number of orders per year can be calculated as the average demand per year divided by the order quantity (Q). In this case, it is 14/4 = 3.5 orders per year. Therefore, the ordering cost is the number of orders per year multiplied by the cost of placing a purchase order, which is 3.5 * $15 = $52.5.

Holding cost: The average inventory held during the replenishment lead time can be calculated as (Q + r) / 2. In this case, it is (4 + 3) / 2 = 3.5 units. Therefore, the holding cost is the average inventory held multiplied by the holding cost per unit per year, which is 3.5 * $30 = $105.

Backorder cost: The average backorders per year can be calculated as the average demand per year minus the reorder point (r). In this case, it is 14 - 3 = 11 units. Therefore, the backorder cost is the average backorders per year multiplied by the annualized cost of a backorder, which is 11 * $25 = $275.

Purchasing cost: The annual purchasing cost is the average demand per year multiplied by the cost per unit, which is 14 * $150 = $2,100.

The total cost is the sum of the ordering cost, holding cost, backorder cost, and purchasing cost: $52.5 + $105 + $275 + $2,100 = $2,532.5.

Therefore, the total cost of the current policy for the SKU is $2,532.5 per year.

To learn more about Stock keeping unit click here:

brainly.com/question/29684611

#SPJ11

When the banking system increases the reserve ratio from 20 percent to 25 percent, it reduces the amount of money that can be created through the process of money creation. This decision eventually leads to a contraction in the money supply.

The reserve ratio is the percentage of deposits that banks are required to hold as reserves. When the reserve ratio is increased, banks are required to hold a larger portion of their deposits as reserves, which reduces the amount of money they can lend out. In this scenario, with $10 million in reserves and a reserve ratio of 20 percent, banks can create money by lending out a multiple of their reserves. Assuming they fully utilize their reserves, the initial money supply created through the process of money creation would be $10 million divided by the reserve ratio of 20 percent, which is $50 million.

However, when the reserve ratio is increased to 25 percent, banks can lend out a smaller multiple of their reserves. This means that for every dollar of reserves, they can create less money. As a result, the overall money supply decreases. The exact impact on the money supply will depend on various factors, including the demand for loans and the willingness of banks to lend. However, in general, increasing the reserve ratio restricts the ability of banks to create new money, leading to a contraction in the money supply over time.

Learn more about reserve ratio here

https://brainly.com/question/32654211

#SPJ11

In the context of tort liability and agency relationships, an accurate statement is that an agent can bind the principal to tort liability if the agent's actions were within the scope of their authority.

Tort liability refers to the legal responsibility for wrongful actions that result in harm or injury to another person or property. In an agency relationship, an agent acts on behalf of a principal and has the authority to make decisions and take actions on behalf of the principal.

In the context of tort liability, if an agent's actions are within the scope of their authority, meaning they are acting within the bounds of their responsibilities and duties as authorized by the principal, the principal can be held liable for any tortious acts committed by the agent. This is based on the legal principle of vicarious liability, which holds the principal responsible for the actions of their agent.

However, it's important to note that the agent's actions must be within the scope of their authority for the principal to be held liable. If the agent acts outside the scope of their authority or engages in unauthorized actions that result in harm, the principal may not be held liable for the agent's tortious conduct.

Ultimately, the determination of the principal's liability in tort will depend on factors such as the nature of the agency relationship, the extent of the agent's authority, and whether the agent's actions were within the scope of that authority.

Tort liability and agency relationships are complex legal topics that involve the principles of responsibility, authority, and accountability. Understanding the implications of an agency relationship and the potential tort liability that may arise is important for both principals and agents. It is advisable to consult legal professionals to fully grasp the intricacies and specific rules governing these areas.

Learn more about liability and agency relationships

brainly.com/question/32687329

#SPJ11

There are several challenges that affect human resource management (HRM) in the twenty-first century. Here are three key challenges and approaches that HR managers at Nestle can adopt to proactively manage them:

Workforce Diversity:

In today's globalized world, organizations like Nestle operate in diverse environments with employees from different cultures, backgrounds, and generations. Managing this diversity effectively can be a challenge. HR managers at Nestle can adopt the following approaches:

Promote diversity and inclusion initiatives that create a culture of respect and acceptance.

Implement diversity training programs to enhance awareness, cultural sensitivity, and teamwork.

Establish Employee Resource Groups (ERGs) that provide a platform for employees to connect, share experiences, and contribute to a diverse and inclusive workplace.

Ensure equal opportunities for career development and advancement to all employees, regardless of their background.

Technological Advancements and Digital Transformation:

The rapid advancement of technology and the increasing role of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) present HR managers with challenges related to workforce skills, job design, and employee engagement. HR managers at Nestle can address these challenges through the following approaches:

Identify the impact of technology on job roles and skills requirements. Proactively reskill and upskill employees to meet the changing demands of digital transformation.

Foster a culture of continuous learning and encourage employees to embrace new technologies.

The Company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 9.37%.

To calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the Company, we need to consider the cost of equity and the cost of debt.

Given information:

- Equity value: $15 million

- Debt value: $10 million

- Beta: 1.2

- Expected return on the market: 10%

- Bond risk premium: 5%

- Corporate tax rate: 21%

First, let's calculate the cost of equity using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):

Cost of equity = Risk-free rate + Beta * Market risk premium

The risk-free rate is typically represented by the yield on government bonds. For this calculation, we assume it to be 3%.

Cost of equity = 3% + 1.2 * (10% - 3%) = 3% + 1.2 * 7% = 3% + 8.4% = 11.4%

Next, let's calculate the after-tax cost of debt. Since the bond risk premium is given as 5%, the pre-tax cost of debt can be calculated as:

Cost of debt = Risk-free rate + Bond risk premium = 3% + 5% = 8%

The after-tax cost of debt takes into account the tax shield provided by interest expense. Since the corporate tax rate is 21%, the after-tax cost of debt is:

After-tax cost of debt = Cost of debt * (1 - Tax rate) = 8% * (1 - 21%) = 8% * 79% = 6.32%

Now, we can calculate the weights of equity and debt in the Company's capital structure:

Weight of equity = Equity value / Total value = $15 million / ($15 million + $10 million) = $15 million / $25 million = 0.6

Weight of debt = Debt value / Total value = $10 million / ($15 million + $10 million) = $10 million / $25 million = 0.4

Finally, we can calculate the WACC using the weighted average of the cost of equity and the after-tax cost of debt:

WACC = (Weight of equity * Cost of equity) + (Weight of debt * After-tax cost of debt)

WACC = (0.6 * 11.4%) + (0.4 * 6.32%) = 6.84% + 2.53% = 9.37%

Therefore, the Company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 9.37%.

To know more about debt, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/32103869

#SPJ11

According to the Fisher effect, if the real interest rate is the same worldwide, any difference in interest rates between countries reflects differing expectations about inflation. In other words, the variance in interest rates across countries can be attributed to dissimilar projections of future inflation rates.

The Fisher effect states that nominal interest rates are composed of two components: the real interest rate and the expected inflation rate. Mathematically, the Fisher equation can be expressed as follows:

Nominal interest rate = Real interest rate + Expected inflation rate

If the real interest rate is uniform across countries, then any variation in interest rates between nations can only be due to differences in expected inflation rates. For instance, if Country A has a higher interest rate than Country B, it implies that investors in Country A expect higher future inflation compared to investors in Country B.

In summary, the Fisher effect suggests that when the real interest rate is consistent globally, disparities in interest rates among countries primarily reflect varying expectations about inflation. Investors' outlook on inflation levels influences their demand for nominal interest rates, leading to divergent interest rates across nations. Understanding the Fisher effect is crucial for policymakers and market participants as it helps explain why interest rates fluctuate and provides insights into the expectations and perceptions of inflation in different economies.

To know more about inflation visit:

https://brainly.com/question/8149429

#SPJ11

Emotional appeal: A TV ad featuring a girl overcoming obstacles to achieve her dreams; relatable narrative structure and inspiring message made it memorable. Celebrity endorsement: A magazine ad with a well-known athlete endorsing a sports shoe brand; the association with the celebrity and credibility made it stand out.

Two marketing messages that come to mind immediately are:

An emotional appeal: I recall a television commercial featuring a heartwarming story of a young girl overcoming obstacles to achieve her dreams. The context in which I received this message was while watching a popular prime-time TV show. The advertisement resonated with me because it showcased determination, resilience, and the power of pursuing one's aspirations despite challenges. The emotional storytelling and relatable narrative structure made this advertisement stand out among others.

Celebrity endorsement: I remember seeing a print advertisement in a magazine where a well-known athlete endorsed a sports shoe brand. The context was while flipping through the pages of a sports magazine. This particular advertisement caught my attention due to the celebrity's influence and association with the brand. The appeal of the advertisement relied on the celebrity's credibility and athleticism, making it memorable in the realm of sports-related promotions.

Both these advertisements employed distinct appeal and message structures. The emotional appeal ad aimed to connect with viewers on an emotional level, leveraging a heartfelt story to create a lasting impact. Its narrative structure presented relatable challenges and a resolution that inspired viewers. On the other hand, the celebrity endorsement ad focused on the aspirational qualities of the athlete, using their fame and credibility to enhance the perception of the product. The message structure in this case was straightforward, highlighting the benefits of the product while associating it with the celebrity's persona.

To learn more about Celebrity endorsement, click here:  https://brainly.com/question/32024356

#SPJ11