The reaction of 75.0 g p4 with excess chlorine gas produces 110 g pcl3 in lab. The percent yield for the reaction is 32.7%.
P4+ 6 Cl2 — 4PCl3
moles of P4 in 75 g
n=m/M
where n = moles; m= mass; M = molar mass
M(P4) = 4× 30.974 g/ mol
P = 123.896g/mol
n can be given as
n(P4) = (75) / 123.896
= 0.60535 mol
Total=
0.60535 mol P4 × 4 mol/1 mol P4
= 2.4214 mol PCl3
mass of PCl3
m= n×M
M = 30.974 g/mol P+(3× 35.45g/mol Cl)
= 137.32g/mol
m= 2.4212 mol× 137.32g/mol
=333 g
The yield of PCl3 is 333 g.
The theoretical yield of PCl3 is 110 g.
percent yield can be given as
(percent yield/ theoretical yield) × 100
%yield = (333/110) ×100
Thus, the percent yield of PCl3 is 32.7%.
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If the freezing point depression for a solution is 2.5°c and kf = 4.5°c/m, what is the molality of the solution?
If the freezing point depression for a solution is 2.5°c and kf = 4.5°c/m, the molality of the solution is
m= 0.56m
What is molality?While molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight (MW) may be used to measure concentration, molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight (MW) is used to measure molecular weight and concentration, respectively.
What is the molality of the solution?Generally, the equation for of freezing point of depression with molality is mathematically given as
[tex]\Delta T_{f} = k_{f} *m[/tex]
Therefore
m = 2.5/4.5
m= 0.56m
In conclusion, the molality of the solution is 0.56m
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Treatment of tetrahydrofuran with excess hbr results in the formation of what major organic product?
The treatment of tetrahydrofuran with excess HBr results in the formation of 1,4-dibromobutane as a major organic product .
THF which is tetrahydrofuran is reated with excess of HBr at 373 K .The product is 1,4-dibromobutane as a major organic product .
In the mechanism proton having positive charge is attack on electron rich oxygen and protonated it then bromine anion attack at adjacent carbon and break carbon - protonated oxygen bond and in he final step the hydroxyl group is protonated and remove as a water with attack at bromine anion .
Therefore , on treatment of tetrahydrofuran with excess HBr results in the formation of 1,4-dibromobutane as a major organic product .
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Can someone provide a answer with explanation for this question? Thanks!
Answer:
Explanation:
B
What physical property is used to separate cyclohexanone from any unreacted cyclohexanol?
Answer:
I think it involves the use of extractive distillation but I'm not sure.
Still hope it helps:-)
The physical property is used to separate cyclohexanone from any unreacted cyclohexanol is distillation.
The process for separating cyclohexanone from cyclohexanol comprises the following steps
1. reacting a mixture of ketone and alcohol with an organometallic compound M(X)n to form compound HX, wherein M is chosen from aluminium, titanium and boron, where n is the valance of a M, X denotes equal or different organic group chosen from alkyl group and electric group having up to 10 carbon atom
2. liberating the newly formed compound HS from the reaction mixture by distillation
3. separating the ketone from the organometallic compound formed by reaction between M(X)n and the alcohol in the mixture.
Thus, we concluded that above compound is seprated by forming organometallic compound.
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If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is_______.
Answer:
mass number = 18
Explanation:
The mass number is the total amount of protons and neutrons in an atom. Therefore, if there are 8 protons and 10 neutrons, the mass number is 18 (8 + 10 = 18).
A gas sample occupies 10. 28 l at 8. 34 atm. its volume at 6. 98 atm (assuming constant temperature conditions) is:____.
a. 12. 28
b. 8. 60
c. 15. 61
d. 5. 66
12.28 L volume at 6.98atm in sample gas occupies 10. 28 l at 8. 34atm. Hence, option A is correct.
What is ideal gas?Ideal gas is a hypothetical gas whose molecules occupy negligible space and have no interactions, and which consequently obeys the gas laws exactly.
In the limit of low pressures and high temperatures, where the molecules of the gas move almost independently of one another, all gases obey an equation of state known as the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT,
P is pressure of gas (atm)T is temperature of gas (K)where n is the number of moles of the gas R is the universal gas constant, 8.3145 joules/K.When Temperature is constant so, it follow Boyle's law:
P1 V1 = P2 V2
P1 = 8.34atm, V1 = 10.28 L, P2 = 6.98atm
V2 = P1 V1 / P2
V2 = 8.34atm x 10.28 / 6.98atm
V2 = 12.28 L
12.28 L volume at 6.98atm in sample gas occupies 10. 28 l at 8. 34atm. Hence, option A is correct.
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QUESTION 1 Consider the following diagram that shows liquid water evaporating to form water vapour. Evaporation 1.1. Use chemical formulae to represent the process in the diagram above and indicate the phases of the substance undergoing this process (2) 1.2. Give three separation methods that can be used to reverse a physical change. (3)
The process of evaporation by which liquid water changes to vapor is shown by a chemical formulae as follows:
H₂O (l) → H₂O (g)Three separation methods that can be used to reverse a physical change include:
EvaporationCrystallizationFiltrationWhat is evaporation?Evaporation is the process by which liquids changes to vapor or gas spontaneously.
The rate of evaporation of a liquid increases with increase in temperature of the liquid. The rate of evaporation also increases with increase in surface area of the liquid exposed as well as with increase in wind speed.
The process by which liquid water changes to vapor can be represented by chemical formulae as follows:
H₂O (l) → H₂O (g)
In the equation above, the liquid phase of water, l, is undergoing change to gaseous phase, g.
b. Separation techniques are techniques which are used to separate mixtures of substances.
Three separation methods that can be used to reverse a physical change include:
Evaporation - used to separate a mixture of salt and waterCrystallization - used to separate a crystal solute from solutionFiltration - used to separate a solute from its suspensionIn conclusion, physical changes are those changes that are easily reversible and which no new products are formed.
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Formic acid is as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. the pka of formic acid is 3. 75. what is the reaction of formic acid (ch2o2) with water?
Formic acid (ch2o2) on reaction with water undergoes dissociation reaction.
Formic acid is the acid released by ant when it bites which causes us irritation.
It's formula is CH2O2 or HCOOH. and pH is 3.75.
In the case of dehydration, one hydrogen atom in the water molecule joins the hydroxyl group in the trans formic acid to form a new water molecule, while the hydrogen bonded to carbon in the acid breaks off to regenerate a water molecule.
Formic acid dissociates in water according to the equation:
HCOOH (aq) + H2O (l) = H3O + (aq) + HCOO- (aq)
Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed.
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The acid dissociation constant ka for hcn is approximately 1 × 10−9. what is the value of the pkb?
Answer:
pKb = 5
Explanation:
To find the pKb, you need to (1) calculate the pka (using the pKa equation) and then (2) calculate the pKb (using the relationship between the pKa and pKb).
(Step 1)
pKa = -log (Ka)
pKa = -log (1 x 10⁻⁹)
pKa = 9
(Step 2)
pKa + pKb = 14
9 + pKb = 14
pKb = 5
The _______________________________ css3 property can be used to create multiple columns of text within a single element.
The column count property can be used to create multiple columns of text within a single element.
When the ph of an aqueous solution is changed from 1 to 2, the concentration of hydronium ions in the solution is.
Answer:
decreased by a factor of 10
Explanation:
pH is defined in such a way that;
pH= −log10(H)
Where H represents the concentration of Hydronium or Hydrogen ions
Given that pH is changed from 1 to 2,
By rearranging the above formula , we get 10−pH = H
if pH=1,H=10−1=0.1Mif pH=2,H=10−2=0.01MTherefore, 0.1/0.01 = 10 and 0.1 > 0.01
Hence, the concentration of hydronium ions in the solution is decreased by a factor of 10
Calculate the ph after 10. 0 ml of 0. 40 m naoh is added to 20. 0 ml of 0. 50 m hcl.
The pH after 10. 0 ml of 0. 40 M NaOH is added to 20. 0 ml of 0. 50 M HCl is 13.3 .
Calculation ,
[ [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ] = [tex]M_{1} V_{1} -M_{2} V_{2} /V_{1} +V_{2}[/tex]
where M is molarity and V is the volume .
[ [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ] = 0. 50 M × 20. 0 ml - 0. 40 M × 10. 0 ml / 10. 0 ml +20. 0 ml
[ [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ] = 6/30 = 0.2
pOH = -㏒[ [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ] = -㏒ 0.2 = 0.7
pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 0.7 = 13.3
Therefore , the pH after 10. 0 ml of 0. 40 M NaOH is added to 20. 0 ml of 0. 50 M HCl is 13.3 .
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Hypothesis: How will molecular size affect the rate of evaporation and how will this correlate
with temperature change? Why does molecular size affect evaporation rate?
A molecular size affects the rate of evaporation when the larger the intermolecular forces in a compound, the slower the evaporation rate and this correlates with temperature change.
Molecular size seems to have an effect on evaporation rates in that the larger a molecule gets or grows from a base chemical formula, its evaporation rate will get slower.
What is the molecular size?This is a measure of the area a molecule occupies in three-dimensional space as this relates to the physical size of an individual molecule.
Hence, we can see that a molecular size affects the rate of evaporation the larger the forces, the lower the rate.
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PLEASE HELP, OVERDUE ASSIGNMENT.
The following observations were made about a substance.
I. reacts with magnesium to produce hydrogen gas
II. has a pH of 4.3
III. turns red litmus blue
IV. conducts electricity
Which of the above observations does not seem fit with the rest of the
observations?
Select one:
A. III
B. I
C. IV
D. II
3rd statement about this acidic reaction is not true
In acidic reactions, Litmus paper is available in red and blue varieties and is typically more trustworthy. To determine whether a solution is normal or acidic, use litmus paper. The acid or basic strength is not precisely outlined in Litmus's paper. Thus, Base causes red litmus to turn blue.
The pH scale has numbers 0 through 14. Seven is the neutral pH. Over 7 is a base, and anything below 7 is acidic.
H+ ions are present in all acidic reactions. As a result, whether mineral or organic, all acid solutions transmit electricity. They allow an electric current to flow through them.
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Each gas dissolved in the blood diffuses between the blood and its surroundings based on differences in the partial pressure between the locations. Diffusion occurs until ___________
Each gas dissolved in the blood diffuses between the blood and its surroundings based on differences in the partial pressure and diffusion occurs until equilibrium is reached.
What is the gas exchange in bloodstream?The gas exchange refers to the process by which oxygen is absorbed by red blood cells and carbon dioxide is removed through the respiratory system.
The process of gas exchange is carried out due to the differential diffusion rates of gases in the bloodstream (O2 and CO2), which facilitates the transference of these gases.
In conclusion, each gas dissolved in the blood diffuses between the blood and its surroundings based on differences in the partial pressure and diffusion occurs until equilibrium is reached.
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A grating has 470 lines/mm. how many orders of the visible wavelength 538 nm can it produce in addition to the m = 0 order?
Three complete orders on each side of the m=0 order can be produced in addition to the m = 0 order.
The ruling separation is
d=1 / (470mm −1) = 2.1×10⁻³ mm
Diffraction lines occur at angles θ such that dsinθ=mλ, where λ is the wavelength and m is an integer.
Notice that for a given order, the line associated with a long wavelength is produced at a greater angle than the line associated with a shorter wavelength.
We take λ to be the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum (538nm) and find the greatest integer value of m such that θ is less than 90°.
That is, find the greatest integer value of m for which mλ<d.
since d / λ = 538×10⁻⁹m / 2.1×10 −6 m ≈ 3
that value is m=3.
There are three complete orders on each side of the m=0 order.
The second and third orders overlap.
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How many moles of sodium bromide can be produced from the reaction of 1. 03 moles of bromine gas with 0. 650 moles of sodium? 2 na(s) br2(g) ® 2 nabr(s)
There are 0. 650 moles of sodium bromide can be produced from the reaction of 1. 03 moles of bromine gas with 0. 650 moles of sodium .
Calculation ,
To find the number of moles of sodium bromide we have to write balanced chemical equation first .
[tex]2Na (s)+ Br_{2}(g)[/tex] → 2NaBr (s)
from the equation we can conclude that 2 moles sodium react with one mole of bromine to form 2 mole of sodium bromide .
But 1. 03 moles of bromine gas ( that is equal to the number of moles required in the equation) with 0. 650 moles of sodium ( that is half of required mole ) is given .
So, sodium is present as limiting reactant .
So , the number of sodium bromide formed is equal to the number of moles of sodium atom.
Hence , the number of sodium bromide formed = 0. 650 moles
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Liquid acetaminophen for children is labeled 180 mg 3 ml. what is the strength expressed as grams per ml?
Liquid acetaminophen for children is labeled 180 mg 3 ml. The strength expressed as grams per ml is 0.060.
What is acetaminophen?
Acetaminophen is a medicine that is used to treat all kind of pains. Headache, menstrual pain, stomach ache, etc. It also used to reduce fever and cold/cough.
Liquid acetaminophen for children is labeled as 180 mg/ 3ml
The 180 mg will be divided by 3 ml
180 mg/ 3ml = 60 mg/ml
The amount will be multiplied by 1 /1000 to get the quantity equal.
60 mg/ml x 1g / 1000 g
60 x 1/ 1000 mg/ml = 0.060
Thus, the strength expressed as grams per ml is 0.060.
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The isotope 131i (iodine-131), which has a half-life of 8. 02 days, is used in nuclear medical imaging. what percentage of the original activity in the sample remains after 17. 5 days?
The percentage of the original sample which would remain after 17.5 days according to the given half-life of the isotope is; 22.06%.
What percentage of the original activity in the sample remains after 17.5 days?The given sample in discuss has a half life of; 8.02 days, this therefore indicates that after 17.5 days, the number of half-life periods completed is; 17.5/8.02 = 2.18 half-lifes.
Hence, the percentage of the original sample remaining after 17.5 days can be evaluated as follows;
N = 100% × (0.5)^2.18
N = 100 × 0.22
N = 22.06%.
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On a distance-time graph, at 2 hours the graph is at a height of 20 meters, and at 3 hours it is at a height of 100 meters. What is the average speed for the interval?
Answer:
80 m/hr
Explanation:
Changes from 20 to 100 meters in ONE Hour
changes 80 meters in one hour = 80 m/hr
As heat records across europe became toast, england topped what torturous temp for the first time?.
England topped what torturous temp for the first time of 40°C
For the first time ever, Britain experienced temperatures on Tuesday of over 40 degrees Celsius, or 104 degrees Fahrenheit, as a fierce heat wave moved northwest, causing raging wildfires, fatalities, and forced home evacuations throughout a Europe that was terrifyingly unprepared to deal with the new reality of extreme weather.
What is heat wave ?A heat wave is a period of very hot weather that may also be accompanied by significant humidity, especially in nations with maritime climates. While there are several definitions, a heat wave is typically assessed in relation to the local climate and the average temperatures for the time of year.
Heat waves begin when high pressure in the atmosphere moves in and pushes warm air toward the ground. That air warms up further as it is compressed, and we begin to feel a lot hotter.Learn more about Heat wave here:
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a) How would you find the moles of CO2 in a pop? Be sure to describe methods, equipment, and formulas that you would need (10 marks).
b) How would you find the pH of a pop (acid) if you did not have a universal indicator? Be sure to describe methods, equipment, and formulas that you would need (10 marks).
The way to find the moles of CO2 in a pop are:
Write the temperature of the CO2 by adding 273.15 to the number of degrees Celsius.Write the volume of the CO2 container in liters.Write the pressure of the container in atmospheres (atm).Calculate the number of moles of CO2 by the formula n=PV/RTHow to illustrate the information?A mole is a measure of molecules that is equal to approximately 6.022x10^23 molecules. Using the ideal gas formula, one can find the number of moles of carbon dioxide in a container if you know the other needed parameters and conditions.
Based on the above, it should be noted that P is the pressure, V is the volume from, T is the temperature and R is a proportionality constant that is equal to 0.0821 L atm / K mol.
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Write an equation to represent the following reaction:
Al2O3 is heated with NaOH solution
Answer:
Al₂O₃ + 6 NaOH -----> 2 Al(OH)₃ + 3 Na₂O
Explanation:
This is a double-displacement reaction. In these reactions, the cation of one compound is swapped with the cation of another.
It is important that the new products have an overall charge of 0. To do this, some compounds must have more than 1 atom of each ion.
1.) Al(OH)₃
-----> Al³⁺ and OH⁻
-----> +3 + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) = 0
2.) Na₂O
-----> Na⁺ and O²⁻
-----> +1 + 1 + (-2) = 0
An equation is balanced when there is an equal amount of each element on both sides of the reaction. If these values are unequal, you can add coefficients to modify the amounts of particular compounds.
The unbalanced equation:
Al₂O₃ + NaOH -----> Al(OH)₃ + Na₂O
Reactants: 2 aluminum, 4 oxygen, 1 sodium, 1 hydrogen
Products: 1 aluminum, 4 oxygen, 2 sodium, 3 hydrogen
The balanced equation:
Al₂O₃ + 6 NaOH -----> 2 Al(OH)₃ + 3 Na₂O
Reactants: 2 aluminum, 9 oxygen, 6 sodium, 6 hydrogen
Products: 2 aluminum, 9 oxygen, 6 sodium, 6 hydrogen
2H2O2 → 2H2O+O2+196.6 kj.
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes according to the reaction above. How much heat is released during the reaction when 5.0 moles of H2O2 decompose?
2mol of Hydrogen peroxide releases 196.6KJ heat
1mol releases
196.6/298.35mol releases
5(98.3)491.5KJAnswer: 491.5
Explanation:
Hope this helps :)
What is the best method to convert styrene, c6h5ch=ch2, to 2-phenylethanol with minimal side product formation?
Styrene is an organic chemical used to make rubber, latex, resins, etc. It can be best converted using the anti-Markovnikov rule by (1) BH₃ - THF and (2) H₂O₂, NaOH. Thus, option B is correct.
What is anti- Markovnikov rule?The anti-Markovnikov rule defines the attachment of the substituent group to the least substituted carbon than the more substituted groups. This is due to the induction and hyperconjugation effect.
To convert styrene, the alcohol group from sodium hydroxide must be added to the least substituted carbon of the compound using other reagents like BH₃ - THF and hydrogen peroxide.
Therefore, option B. (1) BH₃ - THF and (2) H₂O₂, NaOH can be used to convert styrene.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was, What is the best method to convert styrene, C₆H₅CH=CH₂, to 2-phenyl ethanol with minimal side product formation?
H₂O, H₂SO₄(1) BH₃ - THF and (2) H₂O₂, NaOH(1) HBr (2) KOH, H₂O(1)HBr, peroxides (2) NaOH, H₂OWrite an equation that gives the relationship between the cross-sectional area (a), the volume (v), and the thickness of a cylinder.
24. 00 ml of a 0. 25 m naoh solution is titrated with 0. 10m hcl. What is the ph of the solution after 24. 00 ml of the hcl has been added?.
pH of the solution after 24. 00 ml of the hcl has been added is 12.87
millimoles NaOH = mL x M = 24.00 mL x 0.25 M = 6.00
millimoles HCl = 24.00 mL x 0.10 M = 2.40
total volume = 48.00 mL
.................................NaOH + HCl ==>NaCl + H2O
initial.........................6.00.........0............0.........0
added.....................................2.40............................
change.................... -2.40......-2.40.........+2.40.... +2.40
equilibrium.................3.60.........0..............2.40.......2.40
The NaCl contributes nothing to the pH of the final solution. The pH is determined by the excess of NaOH present. (NaOH) = millimoles/mL = 3.60/48.00 = 0.075 M = (OH^-)
pOH = -log (OH^-). Then
pOH = -log (0.075)
pOH =1.1249
As we know,
pH + pOH = pKw = 14.00
pH=14-pOH
pH=14-1.1249
pH=12.87
What is pH?pH is a logarithmic measure of an aqueous solution's hydrogen ion concentration. pH = -log[H+], where log is the base 10 logarithm and [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per liter.
The pH of an aqueous solution describes how acidic or basic it is, with a pH less than 7 being acidic and a pH greater than 7 being basic. A pH of 7 is regarded as neutral (e.g., pure water). pH values typically range from 0 to 14, though very strong acids may have a negative pH and very strong bases may have a pH greater than 14.
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Explain the impact that changing the temperature has on a system in a state of dynamic equilibrium. what will happen when the temperature of an exothermic reaction mixture at equilibrium is increased?
An endothermic reaction is favored by raising the temperature of a system in dynamic equilibrium. The mechanism absorbs the increased heat to offset the alteration you made. An exothermic reaction is favored by a system's temperature falling while it is in dynamic equilibrium.
Which of these reactions is endothermic?Any chemical process that takes heat from its surroundings is said to be endothermic. The reaction's activation energy comes from the energy that was absorbed. This kind of reaction is characterized by its icy sensation.
How does an exothermic reaction work?An exothermic reaction is one in which energy is given off as heat or light. In contrast to an endothermic process, which draws energy from its surroundings, an exothermic reaction transfers energy into the environment.
What kind of reaction is an exothermic reaction?Materials like hydrocarbons reacting with oxygen to produce combustion products like water and carbon dioxide is an example of an exothermic process.
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Write the empirical formula for at least four ionic compounds that could be formed from the following ions
Answer:
NH₄CN, NH₄IO₃, Fe(CN)₃, Fe(IO₃)₃
Explanation:
Cations (positively charged ions) can only form ionic bonds with anions (negatively charged ions). However, you can't just simply put one cation and one anion together to form a compound. Each compound needs to been neutral, or have an overall charge of 0. When cations and anions do not have charges that perfectly cancel, you need to modify the amount of each ion in the compound.
1.) NH₄CN
-----> NH₄⁺ and CN⁻
-----> +1 + (-1) = 0
2.) NH₄IO₃
-----> NH₄⁺ and IO₃⁻
-----> +1 + (-1) = 0
3.) Fe(CN)₃
-----> Fe³⁺ and CN⁻
-----> +3 + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) = 0
4.) Fe(IO₃)₃
-----> Fe³⁺ and IO₃⁻
-----> +3 + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) = 0
A quantity of an ideal gas is compressed to half its initial volume. the process may be adiabatic, isothermal or isobaric. the greatest amount of work is required if the process is?
the greatest amount of work is required if the process is adiabatic.The correct option is adiabatic.
The process in which heat is constant is called adiabatic process.
The The process in which temperature is constant is called isothermal process.
The process in which pressure is constant is called isobaric process.
The P-V diagram for adiabatic , isothermal and isobaric process is given below.
Work done in process = area encloses by P-V diagram axis . Since area under the curve is maximum for adiabatic process which is shown in the above diagram. So, work done by the gas will be maximum for adiabatic process.
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