The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is greater in container B because it has a higher temperature.
What is temperature?The term temperature refers to a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of body. This means that molecules that are at high temperature tend to move faster than the molecules that are at low temperature.
As such, the higher temperature of the molecules of the gas in B shows that the molecules in B are faster than those in A thus the correct statement is; "the average kinetic energy of the gas particles is greater in container B because it has a higher temperature."
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Missing parts;
The picture shows two containers filled with a gas.
Two equally sized containers are shown with tight lids and each container has a thermometer. The container on the le is labeled A and the one on the right is labeled B. The thermometer inside container B shows a higher temperature than the thermometer inside container A.
Which statement is correct?
The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is greater in container A because it has a lower temperature.
The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is greater in container B because it has a higher temperature.
The gas particles in both containers have the same average kinetic energy because t have the same volume.
The gas particles in both containers have the same average kinetic energy because t have equal number of particles.
On a sunny day, you can sometimes see dust in the air. Explain why the dust moves.
Answer:
Explanation:
When wind passes through. the dust, the dust then also moves throughout the air, when you move and breath in a room, you create slight wind (like a fan moving to creating wind) and this slight wind moves the dust particles.
The reaction of charcoal (carbon) and oxygen is sped up by grinding the charcoal into a fine powder. This is an example of:
Group of answer choices
A. All of the above
B. Increasing concentration to increase reaction rate
C. Increasing temperature to increase reaction rate
D. increasing surface area to increase reaction rate
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Grinding to a powder increases the surface area of the charcoal .
The reaction of charcoal (carbon) and oxygen is sped up by grinding the charcoal into a fine powder. This is an example of increasing surface area to increase reaction rate. Option D is the answer.
Reason for the grindingGrinding charcoal into a fine powder enhances its reactivity by increasing surface area. This finer texture promotes more frequent collisions between charcoal particles and oxygen molecules, facilitating faster chemical reactions.
The heightened contact points enable efficient utilization of reactants, optimizing resource consumption. Shorter diffusion paths within smaller particles expedite reactant diffusion, aiding quicker reaction rates.
Additionally, the augmented surface area promotes efficient heat transfer, crucial in reactions involving temperature changes.
Grinding charcoal amplifies the reaction rate by maximizing interaction opportunities, accelerating the conversion of charcoal and oxygen into products.
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A nitric acid solution that is 70.0% HNO3 (by mass) contains:
Question 8 options:
70.0 g HNO3 and 100.0 g water
70.0 mol HNO3
70.0 g HNO3 and 30.0 g water
70.0 g HNO3 and 70.0 g water
none of the above
Answer:
Correct answer is option C
70.0 g HNO3 and 30.0 g water
Write the chemical equation for the autoionization of water and label the conjugate
acid-base pairs.
The equation for the autoionization of water is-
NH3 + H2O → NH4+ + OH− (H2O acts as an acid)
HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl− (H2O acts as a base)
What do you mean by the autoionization of water ?Autoionization of water, the autoionization constant Kw, and the relationship between [H⁺] and [OH⁻] in aqueous solutions.
Water can undergo autoionization to form and ions.
The expression for the autoionization constant is
[tex]The expression for the autoionization constant isK_\text{w}=[\text{H}_3\text{O}^+][\text{OH}^-]\quad\quad\text{(Eq. 1)}K w =[H 3 O + ][OH − ][/tex]
In this way the autoionization of water,
NH3 + H2O → NH4+ + OH− (H2O acts as an acid)
HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl− (H2O acts as a base) is given.
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Which of the following materials is the least porous?
loosely packed gravel
unsorted sand and rock
large pebbles and boulders
sorted sand and rock
Answer:
The answer is The unsorted sand and rock is the least porous.
Answer:
large pebbles and boulders
Water is a(n)______ molecule, and it easily dissolves _______ molecules.
Chromium metal can be produced by the following reaction:
3Si + 2Cr2O3 - 4Cr + 3SiO2
In an experiment where there is an excess of cr2o3, what mass (in grams) of cr can be produced from 0.250 moles of si?
Answer:
17.3 g Cr
Explanation:
To find the mass of chromium, you need to (1) convert moles Si to moles Cr (using the mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients) and then (2) convert moles Cr to grams Cr (using the atomic mass). It is important to arrange the conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the sig figs of the given value (0.250).
3 Si + 2 Cr₂O₃ ---> 4 Cr + 3 SiO₂
^ ^
Atomic Mass (Cr): 51.996 g/mol
0.250 moles Si 4 moles Cr 51.996 g
------------------------- x -------------------- x ------------------- = 17.3 g Cr
3 moles Si 1 mole
A mixture of 0.600 mol of bromine and 1.600 mol of iodine is placed into a rigid 1.000-L container at 350°C.
Br2(g) + I2(g) ↔ 2IBr(g)
When the mixture has come to equilibrium, the concentration of iodine monobromide is
1.190 M. What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 350°C? Show step-by step explanation.
A) 3.55 × 10^3
B) 1.24
C) 1.47
D) 282
E) 325
The equilibrium constant for this reaction at 350°C is D. 282.
Equilibrium constantA dynamic chemical system approaches chemical equilibrium constant when enough time has passed and its composition no longer exhibits any discernible propensity to change further. The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient in this condition. The equilibrium constant is independent of the initial analytical concentrations of the reactant and product species in the mixture for a specific set of reaction conditions. Understanding equilibrium constants is crucial for comprehending many chemical systems as well as biological processes like the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin in the blood and the maintenance of acid-base homeostasis in the human body. There are many different kinds of equilibrium constants, including stability constants, formation constants, binding constants, association constants, and dissociation constants.
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A mixture of 0.600 mol of bromine and 1.600 mol of iodine is placed into a rigid 1.000-L container at 350°C.
Br2(g) + I2(g) ↔ 2IBr(g)
When the mixture has come to equilibrium, the concentration of iodine monobromide is
1.190 M. What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 350°C? Show step-by step explanation.
A) 3.55 × 10^3
B) 1.24
C) 1.47
D) 282
E) 325
Assuming ideal solution behavior, what is the boiling point of a solution of 115.0 g of nonvolatile sucrose (table sugar), C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ (342.300 g/mol), in 350.0 g of water (Kb = 0.512 °C m⁻¹; boiling point = 100.0 °C)?
The boiling point of the solution will be 100.97 ° C.
[tex]T_f[/tex], pure water = 0.00 ° Celsius.
[tex]T_b[/tex] , pure water = 100° Celcius
[tex]K_b[/tex] = 0.512 C kg/mol
[tex]K_f[/tex] = -1.86 C kg/mol.
Given,
[tex]K_b = \frac{0.512 C kg}{mol}[/tex]
[tex]m = \frac{115g \frac{mol }{342.300g} }{0.35 kg}[/tex]
m = 0.95
i = 2 ( assuming no ion pairing)
Now, recall,
Δ[tex]T_b[/tex] =[tex]iK_bm[/tex]
Hence,
Δ[tex]T_b[/tex] = [tex]iK_bm[/tex]
= 2 × 0.512 × 0.95
= 0.97 °C
Therefore, the boiling point of the solution will be 100.97 °C.
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You perform an electrolysis of NaCl and collect one of the products in a test tube. You realize later you did not label the test tube. You dip a strip of damp pH paper into the test tube and get no reaction. You dip a dry strip of pH paper into the tube and there is no reaction. You hold a lit match near the mouth of the test tube and hear a loud 'pop'. Which product is in the test tube?
A. Chlorine gas
B. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
C. Hydrogen gas
D. Oxygen gas
The correct alternative is (b). NaOH will be present in the test tube, after performing electrolysis.
Aqueous electrolysis of salt solutions finds the salt ions in competition with electrolysis of water at the respective electrodes. That is, water can undergo reduction at the cathode as can the cation of the salt; while at the anode water can undergo oxidation as can the anion of the salt. The reactions are as follows:
Cathode:
H₂O(l) + 2e⁻ ⇄ 2OH⁻(aq) + H₂(g)
Anode:
2H₂O(l) ⇄ O₂(g) + 4H⁺(aq) + 4e⁻
The distinction can be determined by comparing the 'Standard Reduction Potentials' of the half-reactions.
For NaCl(s) => Na⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) :
At the Cathode:
Na⁺ + e⁻ => Na⁰(s); εo = -2.71v
2H₂O(l) + 2e⁻ ⇄ 2OH⁻(aq) + H₂(g); εo = -0.83v (Dominant Rxn at cathode – more positive value)
At the Anode:
Cl⁻(aq) => Cl₂(g) + 2e⁻; εo = 1.36v
2H₂O(l) => O₂(g) + 4H⁺ + 4e⁻; εo = 1.23v (Dominant Rxn at anode – more positive value)
Since the more dominant reaction at the cathode(reduction) produces hydroxide ions, the solution would become alkaline with Na⁺ ions already present.
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Write the balanced redox reaction Fe2+ and MnO4
Answer:
The balanced equation is 5Fe2++MnO-4+8H+→5Fe3++Mn2++4H2O .
Explanation:
˙˚ʚ(´◡`)ɞ˚˙
Answer:
5Fe2++MnO-4+8H+→5Fe3++Mn2++4H2O .
Explanation:
A mixture of 0.600 mol of bromine and 1.600 mol of iodine is placed into a rigid 1.000-L container at 350°C.
Br2(g) + I2(g) ↔ 2IBr(g)
When the mixture has come to equilibrium, the concentration of iodine monobromide is 1.190 M. What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 350°C?
Show step-by step explanation.
A) 3.55 × 10^3
B) 1.24
C) 1.47
D) 282
E) 325
The equilibrium constant of the reaction is 282. Option D
What is equilibrium constant?The term equilibrium constant refers to the number that often depict how much the process is able to turn the reactants in to products. In other words, if the reactants are readily turned into products, then it follows that the equilibrium constant will be large and positive.
Concentration of bromine = 0.600 mol /1.000-L = 0.600 M
Concentration of iodine = 1.600 mol/1.000-L = 1.600M
In this case, we must set up the ICE table as shown;
Br2(g) + I2(g) ↔ 2IBr(g)
I 0.6 1.6 0
C -x -x +2x
E 0.6 - x 1.6 - x 1.190
If 2x = 1.190
x = 1.190/2
x = 0.595
The concentrations at equilibrium are;
[Br2] = 0.6 - 0.595 = 0.005
[I2] = 1.6 - 0.595 = 1.005
Hence;
Kc = [IBr]^2/[Br2] [I2]
Kc = ( 1.190)^2/(0.005) (1.005)
Kc = 282
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Perform the following operation and express the answer in scienfific notation 7.5x1-^9 - 2.5 x 10^8
whats 21-4/1002-730+83920/839
The answer will be - 1.67 x [tex]10^{-6[/tex]
Mathematical operationsThe problem can be solved by using the rule of BODMAS.
21-4/1002-730+83920/839
First, the operation is divided into 3 parts
21-41002-730+83920839For the first part:
21 - 4 = 17
For the second part:
1002-730+83920
According to BODMAS, addition operations come before subtractions.
So, the operation becomes (1002)-(730+83920)
= (1002) - (84650)
= -83648
The entire operation becomes 17/-83648/839
17/-83648 x 1/839 = -17/70180672
= - 1.67 x [tex]10^{-6[/tex]
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Hydrochloric Acid would best be described as a:
Group of answer choices
A. Arrhenius, BrØnsted-Lowrey and Lewis Base
B. Arrhenius, BrØnsted-Lowrey and Lewis Acid
C. BrØnsted-Lowrey and Lewis Acid
D. Arrhenius and Lewis Acid
Hydrochloric Acid would best be described as an Arrhenius and BrØnsted-Lowrey acid.
Is Hydrochloric Acid considered a Brønsted-Lowry acid?
Hydrochloric Acid HCl(g) is the proton donor and therefore a Brønsted-Lowry acid.
Is Hydrochloric Acid considered an Arrhenius acid?According to Arrhenius theory, hydrochloric acid is an acid which gives hydrogen ions in water but according to Bronsted-Lowry theory, hydrochloric acid is an acid because it donates a proton to the water molecule.
Is Hydrochloric Acid considered a Lewis acid?
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) cannot be classified as a Lewis acid since it cannot accept an electron pair.
Thus, hydrochloric Acid would best be described as an Arrhenius and BrØnsted-Lowrey acid.
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How many grams in 1.61 x 1023 molecules of water (H2O)
Taking into account the definition of Avogadro's number and molar mass, 4.806 grams of water are present in 1.61×10²³ molecules.
Definition of Avogadro's NumberAvogadro's Number or Avogadro's Constant is called the number of particles that make up a substance (usually atoms or molecules) and that can be found in the amount of one mole of said substance. Its value is 6.023×10²³ particles per mole. Avogadro's number applies to any substance.
Definition of molar massThe molar mass of substance is a property defined as its mass per unit quantity of substance, in other words, molar mass is the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.
Mass of waterTaking into account the definition of Avogadro's Number, you can apply the following rule of three: if 6.023×10²³ molecules are contained in 1 mole of water, then 1.61×10²³ molecules are contained in how many moles of water?
amount of moles of water= (1.61×10²³ molecules× 1 mole)÷ 6.023×10²³ molecules
amount of moles of water= 0.267 moles
Now, taking into account the definition of molar mass, and knowing that the molar mass of water is 18 g/mole, you can apply the following rule of three: If by definition of molar mass 1 mole of the compound contains 18 grams, 0.267 moles of the compound contains how much mass?
[tex]mass= \frac{0.267 molesx 18 grams}{1 mole}[/tex]
mass= 4.806 grams
Finally, 4.806 grams of water are present in 1.61×10²³ molecules.
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Which element belongs to the p6-block of the periodic table?
Oalkaline earth metals
Ohalogens
alkali metals
Onoble gases
A mixture of 0.600 mol of bromine and 1.600 mol of iodine is placed into a rigid 1.000-L container at 350°C.
Br2(g) + I2(g) ↔ 2IBr(g)
When the mixture has come to equilibrium, the concentration of iodine monobromide is 1.190 M. What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 350°C?
The equilibrium constant for this reaction at 350°C is determined as 5.85.
Concentration of each componentconcentration of bromine, C(Br) = 0.6 mol/1 = 0.6
concentration of iodine, C(I) = 1.6 mol/1 = 1.6
Create an ICE tableWhat is ICE table?An ICE table is a tabular system of keeping track of changing concentrations in an equilibrium reaction.
ICE is an abbreviation that stands for initial, change, equilibrium.
Create ICE table for the reactants and products formed;
Br2(g) + I2(g) ↔ 2IBr(g)
I 0.6 1.6 0
C -1.19 -1.19 1.19
E 0.6 - 1.19 1.6 - 1.19 1.19
E = -0.59 0.41 1.19
Equilibrium constantThe equilibrium constant is calculated as follows;
KC = [IBr]²/[Br][I]
KC = (1.19²) / (0.59 x 0.41)
KC = 5.85
Thus, the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 350°C is determined as 5.85.
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Is HCI an acid or a base?
Answer:
Strong Acid
Explanation:
Hope this helps! :)
How could you prepare 4-methyl-3-hexanone from ketone containing no more than six carbon atom?
First base abstract a proton from acidic hydrogen gives carbanion.
What is a carbon atom?
A carbon chain's fundamental carbon atoms are those at each end. For instance, butane contains two basic carbon atoms. A secondary carbon atom, represented by the symbol 2°, is a carbon atom joined to two more carbon atoms.The first electron shell of carbon has two electrons, whereas the second one contains four of the available eight spaces. Carbon has two electron shells. Atoms share their outermost shell's electrons when they combine to form bonds. Since the outer shell of carbon has four vacant spaces, it can form bonds with four additional atoms.The first two electrons fill the inner shell, which is the conduction (inner) shell, and the remaining four are left in the second shell, which is the valence (outer) shell because carbon has an atomic number of six (six protons and six electrons in a neutral atom).Here First base abstract, a proton from acidic hydrogen gives carbanion
Which undergoes enolate form, then it reacts with CH3I, gives4-methyl-3-hexanone as below:
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Write equations that show NH3 as both a conjugate acid and a conjugate base.
Answer:
hope this helps
Explanation:
˙˚ʚ(´◡`)ɞ˚˙
Which of the following will increase entropy in a reaction?
Group of answer choices
A. Using a larger particle
B. heating up the reaction
C. cooling down the reaction
D. Making less moles of products than there were reactants.
The condition that will increase the entropy in a reaction is heating up the reaction (option B).
What is entropy?Entropy in chemistry is the measure or degree of the disorder or randomness present in a chemical system.
In a chemical reaction, reacting substances called reactants collide with one another to form products.
However, the degree at which the reactants collide with one another is referred to as the entropy of the reaction.
Therefore, the condition that will increase the entropy in a reaction is heating up the reaction i.e. increase in temperature.
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What is the maximum amount of methanol (CH3OH), in mol, that could be formed when 2 mol of carbon dioxide and 3 mol of hydrogen are placed in a
container and react according to the equation: CO2 + 3 H2 → CH3OH + H2O
a) 1
b) 2
C) 3
d) 5
Answer:
a) 1
Explanation:
Unfortunately, we are not given the limiting reagent. The limiting reagent is the reactant which is completely used up first. We can identify it by converting both reactants into the product. The reactant which produces the smallest amount of product is the limiting reagent.
You can convert the moles of CO₂/H₂ to moles CH₃OH using the mole-to-mole ratio. This ratio is made up the balanced equation coefficients of the relevant substances.
1 CO₂ + 3 H₂ -----> 1 CH₃OH + H₂O
2 moles CO₂ 1 moles CH₃OH
--------------------- x ---------------------------- = 2 moles CH₃OH
1 mole CO₂
3 moles H₂ 1 moles CH₃OH
------------------- x --------------------------- = 1 mole CH₃OH
3 moles H₂
Because H₂ produces the smallest amount of CH₃OH, it is the limiting reagent. This means that all the H₂ is used up before CO₂ runs out. Therefore, the actual amount of CH₃OH produced is 1 mole.
When 2 mol of carbon dioxide and 3 mol of hydrogen, then one mole of methanol will be produced. Therefore, option (a) is correct.
What is the limiting reagent?A limiting reagent is a substance or reactant that is completely consumed in the completion of a chemical reaction and is also known as limiting reactant.
When reactants are not present in stoichiometric quantities, the limiting reactant decides the maximum amount of product that can be formed in a chemical reaction from the reactants.
Given the balanced chemical equation of formation of methanol:
CO₂ + 3 H₂ → CH₃OH + H₂O
From the above reaction, we can say that 1 mole of carbon dioxide reacts with three moles of hydrogen gas to form one mole of methanol.
Then, 2mol of carbon dioxide will react with 6 moles of hydrogen gas.
But we have only 3 mol of hydrogen gas therefore, hydrogen gas acts as a limiting reagent that will be consumed first.
Therefore, three moles of hydrogen gas will produce one mole of methanol maximum.
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is Sn^2+ + Br2 ---> Sn^4+ + 2Br^- a spontaneous or non-spontaneous redox reaction?
Sn^2+ + Br2 ---> Sn^4+ + 2Br^- is referred to as a non-spontaneous redox reaction.
What is a Non spontaneous reaction?This type of reaction doesn't favor the formation of the product and must be endothermic.
In the reaction above under the given conditions, ΔG is positive and it is intended to form Sn(s) and Br(l) through the reduction of tin cation to make bromine liquid and tin solid. This therefore points to the direction of the reaction being non-spontaneous one.
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Select which of the following characteristics match with the correct state of matter.
No definite shape
Highly compressible
Definite volume
Low density
The gases have no definite shape, low density, and are highly compressible while the liquids only have a definite volume but no definite shape.
What is a Matter?Any substance which has mass and occupies space is called matter. Commonly, there are three states of matter that are:
Solid - Solids have a rigid shape, definite volume, and high density.Liquid - Liquids have definite volume but no definite shape. They take the shape of the container in which they are placed.Gas - Gases have neither definite shape nor definite volume and have low density. They completely occupy the container in which they are placed.There are other two states of matter that are Plasma and man-made Bose-Einstein condensates. They are not so common.
Plasma is commonly found in the universe. Stars are the superheated balls of the plasma.
Thus, gases have no definite shape, low density, and are highly compressible. On the other hand, the liquids only have a definite volume but no definite shape.
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If 40g KCI are dissolved in 100g of water at 20 degrees C, what type of solution does
it form?
Answer:
neutral
Explanation:
dss
The density of molybdenum is 10.28 g/cm^3 and it crystallizes in the face centered cubic unit cell. Calculate the edge length of the unit cell. (The atomic mass of Mo is 95.96 g/mole)
The edge length of the unit cell at the given atomic mass and density of the molybdenum is 314.2 pm.
What is cubic unit cell?The cubic unit cell is the smallest repeating unit when all angles are 90 degrees and all lengths are equal.
Volume of molybdenumThe volume of the molybdenum is calculated from mass and density of the molybdenum as shown below;
V = (zm/ρN)
where;
z is 2 for cubic unit cellm is mass of the molybdenumρ is density of the molybdenumV = (2 x 95.96) / (10.28 x 6.02 x 10²³)
V = 3.10 x 10⁻²³ cm³
Edge length of the unit cella³ = V
a = (V)^¹/₃
a = ( 3.10 x 10⁻²³)^¹/₃
a = 3.142 x 10⁻⁸ cm
a = 3.142 x 10⁻¹⁰ m
a = 314.2 x 10⁻¹² m
a = 314.2 pm
Thus, the edge length of the unit cell at the given atomic mass and density of the molybdenum is 314.2 pm.
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What is an alkaline
Answer:
is a solution whose pH is above 7or is a basic solution
What is a catalyst?
Group of answer choices
A. A substance that speeds up the reaction by increasing the activiation energy.
B. A substance added to the reaction that lowers the activation energy by providing an alternate pathway for the reactions to go to completion.
C. A substance that slows down the reaction by lowering the activation energy.
D. A substance added to the reaction that raises the activation energy by providing an alternate pathway for the reactions to go to completion.
A catalyst is a substance added to the reaction that lowers the activation energy by providing an alternate pathway for the reactions to go to completion.
A catalyst is a substance that accelerates a chemical response, or lowers the temperature or strain needed to begin one, with out itself being ate up at some stage in the response. Catalysis is the procedure of adding a catalyst to facilitate a response.
Catalysts may be categorized as homogeneous, heterogeneous, or enzymatic. Homogeneous catalysts exist inside the identical phase as the reactants, whereas heterogeneous catalysts exist in a exclusive section than the reactants.
Catalysts are basically categorised into 4 kinds.Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, Heterogenized homogeneous catalyst and Biocatalysts. Homogeneous catalyst: In homogeneous catalysis, reaction mixture and catalyst both are gift inside the equal segment.
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What is Ką for H3PO4(aq) = H(aq) + H₂PO4 (aq)?
OA. K₂ [H₂PO4][H*][H₂PO4]
=
OB. K₂ =
O C. K₂ =
O D. Ka
=
[H₂PO4]
[H*][H₂PO4]
[H*][H₂PO4]
[H₂PO4]
[H3PO4]
[H+][H₂PO4]
Answer:
C.) [tex]K_a = \frac{[H^+][H_2PO_4^-]}{[H_3PO_4]}[/tex]
Explanation:
The general structure for a Ka expression is:
[tex]K_a = \frac{[H^+][A^-]}{[HA]}[/tex]
In this expression,
-----> Ka = equilibrium constant
-----> [A⁻] = base
-----> [HA] = acid
The products are in the numerator and the reactants are in the denominator. In this case, H₃PO₄ serves as an acid and H₂PO₄⁻ serves as a base.
As such, the equilibrium expression is:
[tex]K_a = \frac{[H^+][H_2PO_4^-]}{[H_3PO_4]}[/tex]
According to chemical equilibrium, the Ka for the given chemical equation is Ka=[H⁺][H₂PO₄⁻]/[H₃PO₄].
What is chemical equilibrium?Chemical equilibrium is defined as the condition which arises during the course of a reversible chemical reaction with no net change in amount of reactants and products.A reversible chemical reaction is the one wherein the products as soon as they are formed react together to produce back the reactants.
At equilibrium, the two opposing reactions which take place take place at equal rates and there is no net change in amount of the substances which are involved in the chemical reaction.At equilibrium, the reaction is considered to be complete . Conditions which are required for equilibrium are given by quantitative formulation.
Factors which affect chemical equilibrium are change in concentration , change in pressure and temperature and presence of catalyst.
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