The stratum basale is the deepest sublayer of the epidermis that produces new epidermal cells , attached the epidermis to the basal lamina below which lie the layers of the dermis.
Stratum basale also called basal cell layer which is innermost layer of epidermal cells. This layer is contains column shaped basal cells which is constantly pushed the surface. Stratum basale is a home for melanocytes that produce melanin which is the pigment responsible for skin color.
Its a very sensitive parts of the body such as eyelids ,its only 0.05 mm thick or thin the epidermis has five distinct layers or regions.
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Plant cells placed in HYPOTONIC
conditions will remain
A. turgid
C. plasmolyzed
B. wilted
D. flaccid
Answer:
option no. C. is the correct answer.
Ketone bodies are produced from the incomplete breakdown of _____ when _____ is unavailable for the brain and nerve cells.
Ketone bodies are produced from the incomplete breakdown of fats when glucose is unavailable for the brain and nerve cells.
Ketone bodies are the substances which are produced by the liver during gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis involves formation of glucose during fasting and starvation. The three ketone bodies produced by the liver include acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone.
These compounds are utilized in healthy individuals to provide energy to the cells of the body when glucose is low or absent in the diet.
During fasting or starvation, the glucose levels in the blood quickly decrease which stimulates the body to enter the post-absorptive state. In this state, the body starts converting fat back into fatty acids, glycogen into glucose, and even starts breaking down amino acids for energy.
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Name the symbolic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.
Commensalism is the term for a symbiotic connection in which one species benefits while the other remains unharmed.
What is a commensalism relationship?
A connection among creatures called commensalism occurs when one species advantages while the other remains undisturbed. A range of commensal microorganisms that live in animals' tissues but are not harmful to them is necessary for their existence.The commensal, or individual that gains from the connection, could take resources from the host organism, which is generally unharmed or get refuge from it, sustain it, or use it for movement. A bigger host and a smaller commensal are frequently in a commensal relationship; the host species remains unaltered, whilst the commensal individual could exhibit substantial design adaptations commensurate with its lifestyle, as in the case of remoras that travel connected to shark species as well as other fishes. Pilot fish eat the leftovers from their hosts' meals, but remoras consume their hosts' feces. Many birds perch atop the bodies of big herbivorous animals or eat upon the insects that grazing animals kick up.Learn more about commensalism here:
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What effect did decreasing the extracellular sodium have on the resting membrane potential?
Decreasing the extracellular sodium makes the resting membrane potential disappear. It tends to become less negative. Only a minute change is seen because the resting neuron is not very permeable to sodium.
Sodium is a soft silvery-white metal in nature. In the nerve cells, Sodium (Na+) is critical for the action potential. Action potentials are recursively initiated as the extracellular concentration of Sodium ion Na+ is modified. As the quantity of sodium in the extracellular solution is decreased its action potential decreases as well. Therefore, the quantity of sodium is inversely proportional to its action potential.
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the graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a plant varies with light intensity. interpret the graph and justify statement.
The graph shows that the rate of photosynthesis increases with increased light intensity, other conditions being constant.
Photosynthesis and light intensityFrom the graph, the rate of photosynthesis increases with an increase in light intensity.
At low light intensity, the photosynthesis rate increases with an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide and level off at some point.
With medium light intensity, the rate of photosynthesis is about twice that of low light intensity under the same concentration of carbon dioxide. It also gradually levels off when the concentration of carbon dioxide reached a particular point.
The same trend applies to high light intensity. The rate of photosynthesis increased accordingly, much more than low and medium-intensity light.
Both light and carbon dioxide concentration can limit the rate of photosynthesis. When both factors are abundant, photosynthesis can be limited by other factors such as water, nutrient, etc.
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Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of water?
Choose 1 answer:
Polarity
Cohesion
Low specific heat capacity
Surface Tension
Water is unique in its own way. In these characteristics, low specific heat capacity is not a defining characteristic of water.
The quantity of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of a substance is referred to as specific heat capacity. Water can absorb or release a lot of heat with little change in temperature because it has a relatively high specific heat capacity. This characteristic enables water to regulate heat effectively and maintain a consistent temperature in a variety of environments, including bodies of water.
Thus, water does not possess low specific heat capacity as a defining property.
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In the hydrologic cycle, plants add water to the atmosphere through the process of _____.
Through transpiration, plants contribute to the hydrologic cycle by releasing water into the atmosphere.
What Role Do Plants Play in the Water Cycle?
All living creatures depend on the water cycle since they require water to survive. A person's body weight is around 70% water, and they require about 3.4 liters of water every day on average.The movement of water as it travels through the air as well as through different regions of the Earth is known as the water cycle, sometimes known as the hydrologic cycle. Even while the hydrologic cycle is a cycle and hence continues across time, it is not a loop since the water in circulation can travel through the environment and around the world in a variety of ways.This explanation begins with fluid in its fluid state there at bottom of the ocean since it does repeat and has no beginning or finish. The water cycle involves a number of different processes, including:EvaporationCondensationPrecipitationTranspirationLearn more about the hydrologic cycle here:
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Which muscle is highlighted? which muscle is highlighted? internal intercostal subclavius splenius cervicis innermost intercostal
Internal intercostal is referred to the muscle highlighted and is therefore denoted as option A.
What is Internal intercostal?These are the muscles which are located within the ribs and help to protect internal organs such as lungs.
These muscles also ensure adequate execution of activities such as talking and singing as they are responsible for the expulsion of air from the mouth and nose thereby making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.
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Mice with a gain-of-function mutation in the agouti gene will have fur that has a(n)_____color.
A new neighborhood is built close to an old abandoned landfill. what impact(s) could this have on the land near the neighborhood
Toxic chemicals in trash can leak into groundwater and residents may be exposed to hazardous materials such as mercury. Unless they are stabilized, landfills may undergo severe shaking or soil liquefaction of the ground during an earthquake.
What is a landfill?
A place to dispose of refuse and other waste material by burying it and covering it over with soil, especially as a method of filling in or extending usable land.Some landfill sites are used for waste management purposes, such as temporary storage, consolidation and transfer, or for various stages of processing waste material, such as sorting, treatment, or recycling.What are the effects of a landfill?
Landfills have the potential to cause a number of issues. Infrastructure disruption, such as damage to access roads by heavy vehicles, may occur. Pollution of local roads and watercourses from wheels on vehicles when they leave the landfill can be significant and can be mitigated by wheel washing systems. Pollution of the local environment, such as contamination of groundwater or aquifers or soil contamination may occur as well.To learn more about landfill: https://brainly.com/question/16924501
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What other behavioral traits can be discerned from the anatomy? behavioral traits can include: diet, locomotion (not just bipedal), possible communication abilities, etcetera.
behavioral traits that can be discerned from anatomy are diet, locomotion (not just bipedal) and possible communication skills.
What is anatomical features?The analysis of similarities of anatomical, physiological and morphological features is the basis for the concepts of homology and analogy. The first concept concerns biological organisms that have such similarities and a common ancestor.
With this information, we can conclude that Anatomy is the study of the physical structure and parts of organisms. Examples of anatomy include body parts such as muscles, heart, brain, bladder, and kidneys
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What are the effects of hypoxia on energy metabolism? in hypoxia: a.the citric acid cycle is induced to produce more nadh. b.lactic fermentation is induced to regenerate nad .
Under hypoxia conditions, the process known as lactic fermentation is induced in order to regenerate NAD+.
What is hypoxia?Hypoxia is a phenomenon where cells need to survive in the absence of oxygen, which is fundamental for performing the chemical process called cellular respiration.
Under hypoxia conditions, the cell only can carry out their metabolic activities by performing anaerobic respiration through a process known as lactic fermentation.
During this process, NAD+ is generated and then used to synthesize ATP, the energy coin of the cell.
In conclusion, under hypoxia conditions, the process known as lactic fermentation is induced in order to regenerate NAD+.
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X-gal is included in the growth medium on which cells transformed with bacterial plasmids are grown. The reason x-gal is included is to _______.
X-gal is included in the growth medium on which cells transformed with bacterial plasmids are grown. The reason x-gal is included is to identify bacteria that contain a recombinant plasmid.
What are cells?Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. The human body is comprised of trillions of cells. They deliver structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into significance, and carry out technical functions.Cells are of two types: eukaryotic, which include a nucleus, and prokaryotic cells, which do not have a nucleus, but a nucleoid province is still present. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms, while eukaryotes may be either single-celled or multicellular.They deliver structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into significance, and carry out technical functions. Cells also include the body's genetic material and can make duplicates of themselves. Cells have multiple parts, each with a separate function.To learn more about cells, refer to:
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Which of the following steps in wastewater treatment is an example of biotechnology?
Microorganisms are added to feed on solids in the wastewater.
Chlorine is added to disinfect wastewater before it is released.
Bar screening is used to separate solid wastes from liquid wastes.
Primary clarifiers allow solids to settle at the bottom of tanks.
The step in wastewater treatment that is an example of biotechnology is microorganisms are added to feed on solids in the wastewater (option A).
What is biotechnology?Biotechnology is the use of living organisms (especially microorganisms) in industrial, agricultural, medical and other technological applications.
Biotechnology is a combination of two words namely;
Bio meaning lifeTechnology meaning practical application of knowledgeBiotechnology also refers to the application of the principles and practices of engineering and technology to the life sciences.
According to this question, treating wastewater using biotechnology involves the use of microorganisms to feed on the solids in the wastewater.
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When a neurotransmitter causes the opening of chemically gated potassium channels on the postsynaptic cell, the postsynaptic potential that results is an_______.
A Final statement or concluding statement
When a neurotransmitter causes the opening of chemically gated potassium channels on the postsynaptic cell, the postsynaptic potential that results is an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP), which is a hyper polarization
What causes postsynaptic potential?Graded potentials are a feature of postsynaptic potentials. Neurotransmitters from the terminal bouton at the end of an axon are released into the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic neuron, which causes these reactions.
What is IPSP?An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is a type of synaptic potential that decreases the likelihood that an action potential will be produced by a postsynaptic neuron. The IPSP lowers the membrane potential of neurons and increases the likelihood that an action potential won't occur.
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X-gal is included in the growth medium on which cells transformed with bacterial plasmids are grown. The reason x-gal is included is to _______.
Identify bacteria that contain a recombinant plasmid
Ampicillin is an antibiotic that stops E. coli from building cell walls, killing the bacteria in the process. The presence of the ampicillin-resistance gene causes the development of an enzyme that prevents the action of ampicillin, allowing the bacteria to survive
What is Plasmid DNA ?Bacteria and certain other microscopic species contain plasmids, which are tiny circular DNA molecules. Physically distinct from chromosomal DNA, plasmids multiply on their own.
Only a small number of genes are carried by plasmids, which are separate from chromosomes, the main cell structures that house DNA. Plasmids can be taken up from the environment and passed between bacteria since they have the ability to self-replicate. The host organism makes use of plasmids to deal with situations brought on by stress.Learn more about Plasmid DNA here:
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What is the approximate difference in sunita’s calorie need for basal metabolism from before to after the 10-pound weight loss?
a. 50 calories
b. 100 calories
c. 150 calories
d. 200 calories
Option (b.) 100 Calories will be the right one.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the total number of calories your body needs to perform essential, life-sustaining functions which include circulation, breathing, cell production, nutrient processing, protein synthesis, and ion transport.
Generally a person burns calories continuously throughout the day in order to carry out basic life functions, for example-breathing, circulation, and digestion.
Equation to Calculate Your BMR:-
There is an equation given by Harris-Benedict which is often used to estimate basal metabolic rate which is mentioned below:-
Men: BMR = 88.362 + (13.397 x weight in kg) + (4.799 x height in cm) - (5.677 x age in years)
Women: BMR = 447.593 + (9.247 x weight in kg) + (3.098 x height in cm) - (4.330 x age in years)
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To identify people by dna, is it better to make copies of genes or non-coding segments? Explain.
To identify people by DNA it is better to make copies of non-coding segments because they exhibit more variation than genes.
The polymorphic sequences of non-coding DNA vary between individuals in humans. Variable number tandem repeats, or VNTRs, are created when DNA sequences are repeatedly replicated in the genome's non-coding regions. It is possible to create a person's genetic fingerprint by counting the amount of repeats, which varies between individuals. However, this non-coding DNA is used in criminal investigations by forensic experts. There are distinctive repeating patterns found inside this area of DNA that can be utilized to distinguish one person from another. Short tandem repeats (STRs) are a type of pattern that can be measured to determine a person's DNA profile.learn more about DNA here: https://brainly.com/question/21265857
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Which lung volumes can be added together to calculate the functional residual capacity?.
The Functional Residual Capacity comprises of Expiratory Reserve Volume plus Residual volume.
What are lung volumes and capacities?Depending on what they do, various animals have varying lung capacities. For instance, cheetahs have substantially larger lungs than humans do. This is due to the fact that their muscles, which enable them to run quickly, need a lot of oxygen. Due to their huge bodies, elephants have bigger lung capacities.
A human lung has a six-liter capacity maximum. A spirometer can be used to measure the amount of air that is used during respiration. It is a piece of equipment used to measure the total amount of air that the lungs inhale and exhale. Additionally, it is utilized to evaluate pulmonary function.
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For a trait that is X-linked, recessive, and controlled by complete dominance, an individual with the genotype XnXn (little n, little n) would be represented in a pedigree as a (an)
For a trait that is X-linked, recessive, and controlled by complete dominance, an individual with the genotype XnXn (little n, little n) would be represented in a pedigree as an open square.
What is an X-linked trait?An X-linked trait is any phenotypic feature controlled by one or more genes located on the X chromosomes (it is a sex chromosome).
Moreover, a character that exhibits complete dominance is associated with an allele that completely masks the expression of the recessive allele in heterozygous organisms.
In conclusion, for a trait that is X-linked, recessive, and controlled by complete dominance, an individual with the genotype XnXn (little n, little n) would be represented in a pedigree as an open square.
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The clean catch urine specimen of a child with dysuria, frequency, and fever has a colony count between 50,000 and 100,000 of E. coli. What is the treatment for this child
The treatment of a child with dysuria who has a colony count between 50,000 and 100,000 of E. coli involves the use of specific antibiotics for this type of bacterial infection.
What is an antibiotic?An antibiotic is any medication drug capable of reducing stopin bacteria growth and therefore thus being able to remove this type of infections.
Antibiotic treatment for dysuria cases may include doxycycline and rifamycin (treatment of E coli).
In conclusion, The treatment of a child with dysuria who has a colony count between 50,000 and 100,000 of E. coli involves the use of specific antibiotics for this type of bacterial infection.
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Chris and his friends go swimming in a local river. Afterward, his friends break out with a rash, but he does not. The group soon discovers the river has toxins in it from a nearby factory. Chris's doctor determines that Chris did not react to the toxin because his daily medication combined with the toxin to stop the reaction. Which statement best explains why Chris did not get a rash from the water, but his friends did?
a Chris's reaction is chronic and has a synergistic relationship with the toxin.
b Chris's medication has an antagonistic relationship with the toxin in the water.
c His friend's reaction is acute and reveals an antagonistic relationship with the toxin.
d Chris's medication has a synergistic relationship with the toxin in the water.
The best explanation for Chris's lack of a rash from the water was that his prescription has an antagonistic relationship with the toxin in the water. Option B would be that.
What exactly is drug-drug interaction?Drug-drug interaction is determined by the relationship that develops between two drugs when they are administered concurrently or concurrent.
An antagonistic relationship is a relationship that exists between two drugs that have opposing impact on the body.
Here, Chris's medication has an antagonistic relationship with the toxin in the water.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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sciencebiologybiology questions and answersin silkmoths (bombyx mori), red eyes (re) and white-banded wings (wb) are encoded by two mutant alleles that are recessive to those that produce wild-type traits (re+and wb+); these two genes are on the same chromosome. a moth homozygous for red eyes and white-banded wings is crossed with a moth homozygous for the wild-type traits. the f1 have normal eyes
Question: In Silkmoths (Bombyx Mori), Red Eyes (Re) And White-Banded Wings (Wb) Are Encoded By Two Mutant Alleles That Are Recessive To Those That Produce Wild-Type Traits (Re+And Wb+); These Two Genes Are On The Same Chromosome. A Moth Homozygous For Red Eyes And White-Banded Wings Is Crossed With A Moth Homozygous For The Wild-Type Traits. The F1 Have Normal Eyes
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In silkmoths (Bombyx mori), red eyes (re) and white-banded wings (wb) are encoded by two mutant alleles that are recessive to those that produce wild-type traits (re+and wb+); these two genes are on the same chromosome. A moth homozygous for red eyes and white-banded wings is crossed with a moth homozygous for the wild-type traits. The F1 have normal eyes and normal wings. The F1 are crossed with moths that have red eyes and white-banded wings in a testcross. The progeny of this testcross are
wild-type eyes, wild-type wings
418
red eyes, wild-type wings
19
wild-type eyes, white-banded wings
16
red eyes, white-banded wings
426
a. What phenotypic proportions would be expected if the genes for red eyes and for white-banded wings were located on different chromosomes?
b. What is the rate of recombination between the genes for red eyes and those for white-banded wings
The phenotypic proportions which would be expected if the genes for red eyes and for white-banded wings were located on different chromosomes are:
(a)
1⁄4 wild-type eyes, wild-type wings1⁄4 red eyes, wild-type wings1⁄4 wild-type eyes, white-banded wings1⁄4 red eyes, white-banded wingsWhat is the distance and rate of recombination?The distance between the genes is four map units.
The rate of recombination between the genes for red eyes and those for white-banded wings is 4%.
(b)
The F1 heterozygote inherited a chromosome with alleles for red eyes and white-banded wings (re wb) from one parent and a chromosome with alleles for wild-type eyes and wild-type wings (re+ wb+) from the other parent. These are therefore the phenotypes of the nonrecombinant progeny, present in the highest numbers. The recombinants are the 19 with red eyes, wild-type wings and 16 with wild-type eyes, and white-banded wings.
RF = recombinants/total progeny × 100% = (19 + 16)/879 × 100% = 4.0%
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A scientist samples a population of butterflies and finds that 56% are heterozygous at a particular locus. If the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium, what should be the frequency of the homozygous individuals in this population?.
The frequency of the homozygous individuals in this population is 0.50
From the Hardy Weinberg Law of Population and Genetics,
We have
x²+2xy+y²=1 and
x+y=1
Given 2xy = 0.56
from here, y = 0.28/x, (the frequency of the recessive allele ) can be obtained
we need to find 'x'
recall, x+y = 1, x = 1-y
substituting this
y = 0.28/(1-y), which becomes,
y(1-y) = 0.28
y2-y+0.28 (quadratic equation)
Solving this to find 'y' gives two imaginary values of y
So, frequency of the homozygous individuals in this population is 0.50
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Carbon atoms can form
A. one double covalent bond
B. two triple covalent bonds
C. four single covalent bonds
D. three double covalent bonds
Answer:
c
Explanation:
The correct answer is c. four single covalent bonds.
Covalent bondsThe exchange of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms forms a covalent connection. The two atomic nuclei are drawing these electrons in unison. When there is insufficient space between two atoms' electronegativities for an electron transfer to take place and create ions, a covalent bond is formed. Bonding electrons are shared electrons that are present in the region between the two nuclei. The Covalent bonds pair serves as the "glue" that binds the atoms in molecular structures. To identify the covalent bonds pair from the lone pair electrons, the covalent bond is depicted in a Lewis structure as a dash. The nonbonding electrons in Lewis structures are represented as pairs of dots close to the atomic symbols for the atoms.
Carbon atoms can form
A. one double covalent bond
B. two triple covalent bonds
C. four single covalent bonds
D. three double covalent bonds
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____ is a genetic abnormality in which delayed blood clotting causes internal and external bleeding
Answer:
hemophilia is the genetic abnormality.
Explain why a proline residue in the middle of an α helix is predicted to be destabilizing to the helical structure.
The reason a proline residue in the middle of an α helix is predicted to be destabilizing to the helical structure is Pro does not have the α−NH group that acts as a stabilizing H-bond donor in the middle of the helix and Pro is not able to adopt the ideal ϕ and ψ angles for an α -helix.
Proline residues are important in the folding, misfolding, and aggregation of proteins [1, 2, 3]. They are essential for achieving proteins' functional state [4]. Prolines are also involved in domain switching [5,6] and the formation of amyloid fibrils from protein aggregation [7,8,9].
Proline residues are abundant in -helices, where they frequently serve crucial roles in the structure and function of the protein. This is evident now that there are over 30,000 protein structures in the Protein Data Bank. Due to its asymmetric geometry and reversible R-group link to the nitrogen of the amide group, proline additionally hinders steric flow and destabilizes -helices. Additionally, Proline's nitrogen cannot participate in hydrogen bonding since it lacks hydrogen.
The complete question is:
Give two reasons to explain why a proline residue in the middle of an α-helix is predicted to be destabilizing to the helical structure.
Chek all that apply.
-Pro does not have the α−NH group that acts as a stabilizing H-bond donor in the middle of the helix.
-Pro is not able to adopt the ideal ϕ and ψ angles for an α -helix.
-Pro is nonpolar amino acid that destabilizes polar core of the protein.
-Pro is nonpolar amino acid that does not connect turns of the α-helix.
-Insertion of Pro gives an exceptional conformational rigidity to the protein chain chain.
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The body receptors that have restricted locations and constantly advise the brain of our body movements are called _______________.
A Final statement or concluding statement
The body receptors that have restricted locations and constantly advise the brain of our body movements are called proprioceptors.
What Is Proprioception?It is the ability of your body to detect movement, action, and position.
It can be found in every muscle action you make. You couldn't move without thinking about your next step if you didn't have proprioception.
Proprioception permits you to walk without having to think about where you're going to put your foot next.
It allows you to close your eyes and touch your elbow.
Proprioception can be hampered by certain circumstances.
If you have a proprioception issue, you may have the following symptoms:
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Hhv-5 infectious in pregnant women can be particular concern because this virus can be?
Hhv-5 infectious in pregnant women can be particular concern because this virus can be teratogenic.
What is teratogenic?Teratology is the study of aberrant physiological development across the whole life cycle of all species, including plants. Dysmorphology is a branch of medical genetics that focuses on the classification of congenital deformities.Teratogens are substances that, when exposed to a pregnant woman, may result in physical or functional abnormalities in the human embryo or fetus. Such substances include, for example, alcohol and cocaine.A teratogen is an agent that increases a baby's risk of developing a birth defect or can actually cause one. They are items to which a mother might be exposed while expecting.Teratogens can result in neural tube abnormalities like spina bifida during this time. Throughout the entire pregnancy, certain organs are vulnerable to teratogens. The baby's brain and spinal cord are included in this. Alcohol can be harmful at any point during pregnancy since it has an adverse effect on the brain and spinal cord.
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Which statement offers the best evidence that caring for a pet is proven to teach good habits to children?
Answer:
b
Explanation: