Business College

The accompanying graphs illustrate an initial equilibrium for the economy. Suppose that oil prices increase temporarily.

Use the graphs to show the new positions of aggregate demand (AD), short-run aggregate supply (SRAS), and long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) in both the short-run and the long-run, as well as the short-run (ESR) and long-run (ELR) equilibria resulting from this change. Then answer what happens to the price level and GDP.

Answers

Answer 1

In response to the temporary increase in oil prices, the short-run equilibrium experiences a higher price level and lower GDP, while the long-run equilibrium sees a higher price level and unchanged GDP.

In the short-run, the AD curve shifts leftward due to the increase in oil prices. This is because higher oil prices increase production costs for firms, leading to reduced consumption and investment spending by households and businesses.

As AD shifts leftward, it intersects with the SRAS curve at a new short-run equilibrium (ESR). At this new equilibrium, the price level increases while GDP decreases compared to the initial equilibrium.

In the long-run, the SRAS curve adjusts to the higher oil prices as firms gradually reduce production and adjust their input costs. This adjustment reflects the fact that higher oil prices affect the overall cost structure of the economy.

As the SRAS curve shifts leftward, it eventually intersects with the LRAS curve at a new long-run equilibrium (ELR). At this equilibrium, the price level is higher than the initial equilibrium due to the higher oil prices. However, GDP returns to its potential level determined by the LRAS curve.

Therefore, in response to the temporary increase in oil prices, both the price level and GDP initially decrease in the short-run but eventually stabilize in the long-run, with a higher price level and unchanged GDP compared to the initial equilibrium.

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