The required rate of return is 12.97%
What is the required rate of return?
The required rate of return is the rate of return that investors expect from the stock based on its current price GHS 15.00 per share and its forecast dividends.
The stock price is the present value of future dividends discounted at the required rate of return, the unknown
The dividends for the next 3 years would grow at the rate of 10%
Year 1 dividend=1.00*(1+10%)
Year 1 dividend=1.10
Year 2 dividend=1.10*(1+10%)
Year 2 dividend=1.21
Year 3 dividend=1.21*(1+10%)
Year 3 dividend=1.331
Dividend in year 4 and thereafter(forever, that the terminal value) would grow at the rate of 5%
Year 4 dividend=1.331*(1+5%)
Year 4 dividend=1.39755
Terminal value=Year 4 dividend*(1+g)/(r-g)
g=terminal growth rate=5%
r=unknown return
terminal value=1.39755*(1+5%)/(r-g)
share price=1.10/(1+r)^1+1.21/(1+r)^2+1.331/(1+r)^3+1.39755/(1+r)^4+1.39755*(1+5%)/(r-g)/(1+r)^4
we need the value of r such that share price 15.00
Using a trial and error approach, I got 12.97%
share price=1.10/(1+12.97%)^1+1.21/(1+12.97%)^2+1.331/(1+12.97%)^3+1.39755/(1+12.97%)^4+1.39755*(1+5%)/(r-12.97%)/(1+12.97%)^4
share price=15.01
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On 1 October 2020 property, plant, and equipment of Kobia Limited consisted of the following balances:
Original Cost
Accumulated Depreciation
Land and buildings
R550 000
-
Plant and Equipment
R875 400
R338 200
Motor vehicles
R647 000
R211 000
Furniture and fittings
R125 000
R 32 000
The straight-line rates of depreciation, based on cost, used to date were 10% per annum for plant and equipment; 20% per annum for motor vehicles; and 12.5% per annum for furniture and fittings. It is the company’s policy to make full year’s depreciation charge on new capital items of fixed assets in the year of purchase. No depreciation is raised on capital items sold during the year. The following additional information is relevant to the calculation of depreciation for the year ended 30 September 2021.
a) Walter & Associates, a firm of appraisers and valuers, professionally valued Land, and buildings during the year at R975 000. When land and building were acquired, R350 000 was attributable to the buildings.
b) An item of equipment bought in November 2016 for R105 000 is now recognised to have a total useful life of 20 years.
c) A motor vehicle purchased in June 2018 for R85 000 was traded in at a value of R44 000 in part exchange for a new motor vehicle costing R140 000.
d) Included with the furniture and fittings is an item which originally cost R15 000, and which is already fully depreciated and is to be discarded.
You are required to:
Prepare a reconciliation schedule for property, plant, and equipment in a form suitable for inclusion in the company’s financial statements for the financial reporting period ended 30 September 2021. Clearly show the amount to be charged against the year’s profits and the balances to be shown on the statement of financial position. You may include the relevant accounting policy note as part of your answer. Ignore taxation.
The preparation of a reconciliation schedule for property, plant, and equipment in a suitable form for the financial reporting period ended 30 September 2021 for Kobia Limited is as follows:
Property, Plant, and Equipment Reconciliation Schedule:Land & Plant & Motor Furniture
Building Equipment Vehicles & Fittings
Original Costs:Beginning balance R550 000 R875,400 R647,000 R125,000
Revaluation/Addition 425,000 - 140,000 (15,000)
Write-off (85,000)
Ending balance R975,000 R875,400 R702,000 R110,000
Accumulated Depreciation:Beginning balance - R338,200 R211,000 R 32,000
Adjustments:
Depreciation Expense - R87,540 R140,400 R 13,750
Write-off (34,000)
Ending balance R425,740 R317,400 R45,750
Data and Calculations:a) Land and Building:
Revaluation Surplus = R425,000 (R975,000 - R550,000)
b) Useful life of the new item of equipment = 20 years
c) Additional Motor Vehicle = R140,000
d) Motor Vehicle
Trade-in value at cost = R85,000
Trade-in value Accumulated Depreciation = R34,000 (R85,000 x 20% x 2 years)
Book value of Motor Vehicle = R51,000
Exchange value = 44,000
Loss from trade-in = R7,000
Depreciation Rates and Expense:Land & Plant & Motor Furniture
Building Equipment Vehicles & Fittings
Depreciation Rate 0 10% 20% 12.5%
Depreciation Expense R0 R87,540 R140,400 R 13,750
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Puvo, Incorporated, manufactures a single product in which variable manufacturing overhead is assigned on the basis of standard direct labor-hours. The company uses a standard cost system and has established the following standards for one unit of product:
Standard Quantity Standard Price or Rate Standard Cost
Direct materials 7.40 pounds $ 1.20 per pound $ 8.88
Direct labor 0.40 hours $ 49.50 per hour $ 19.80
Variable manufacturing overhead 0.40 hours $ 10.10 per hour $ 4.04
During March, the following activity was recorded by the company:
The company produced 4,000 units during the month.
A total of 21,000 pounds of material were purchased at a cost of $15,180.
There was no beginning inventory of materials on hand to start the month; at the end of the month, 5,220 pounds of material remained in the warehouse.
During March, 1,250 direct labor-hours were worked at a rate of $46.50 per hour.
Variable manufacturing overhead costs during March totaled $15,661.
The direct materials purchases variance is computed when the materials are purchased.
The variable overhead rate variance for March is:
The variable overhead rate variance for March for Puvo Incorporated is $3,036 Unfavorable.
What is the variable overhead rate variance?
The variable overhead rate variance calculates the difference between the actual variable overhead incurred and the standard variable overhead.
The standard variable overhead is the actual hours worked multiplied by the standard variable overhead rate.
Data and Calculations:Standard Quantity Standard Price or Rate Standard Cost
Direct materials 7.40 pounds $ 1.20 per pound $ 8.88
Direct labor 0.40 hours $ 49.50 per hour $ 19.80
Variable manufacturing
overhead 0.40 hours $ 10.10 per hour $ 4.04
Actual production = 4,000 units
Actual direct labor-hours = 1,250 DLHs
Actual variable overhead costs = $15,661
Variable overhead rate variance = actual variable manufacturing overhead - actual hours worked x standard variable overhead rate
= $15,661 - (1,250 x $10.10)
= $3,036 Unfavorable
Thus, the variable overhead rate variance for March for Puvo Incorporated is $3,036 Unfavorable.
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Which of the following statements about capital structure are correct? Select ALL correct answers.
A company needs to consider the current economic climate when making decisions on debt and equity proportions.
A company should always finance its business using as much debt as possible in order to optimize the capital structure.
Having too much equity may dilute earnings and the value of the original investors.
Having too little debt may increase the risk of default in repayment.
?
Having too much equity may dilute returns and the value of the original investors capital structure are correct.
What is the capital structure?
Capital structure refers to the specific mix of debt and equity used to invest a company's assets and operations. From a corporate perspective, equity denotes a more expensive, permanent source of capital with more significant financial flexibility.
What is capital structure and why is it important?
Capital structure relates to how much money—or capital—is helping a business, financing its assets, and funding its operations. It can also show company investments and capital expenditures that can affect the business's bottom line.
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