Question 5 (Essay Worth 5 points)
(03.01 MC)
TOOIS
The electron configuration of an element is 1s²2s²2p63s¹. Describe what most likely happens when an atom of this element comes near an atom having seven valence electrons.

Answer:

Δx(m.Δv)=h/4π

here ,

Δv = uncertainty in velocity

10−11×10−27×Δv=6.626×10−34/4×22/7

=5.25×103ms−1

[tex]{ \qquad\qquad\huge\underline{{\sf Answer}}} [/tex]

Here we go ~

According to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle :

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: \Delta x \Delta p \geqslant \cfrac{h}{4 \pi} [/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: \Delta x \cdot m \Delta v \geqslant \cfrac{h}{4 \pi}[/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: \Delta v \geqslant \cfrac{h}{4 \pi \cdot m \Delta x}[/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: \Delta v \geqslant \cfrac{6.6 \times 10 {}^{ - 34} }{4 \pi \cdot 10 {}^{ - 27} \times 10 {}^{ - 3} \times 10 {}^{ - 11} }[/tex]

[tex] \textsf{ [ we took } [/tex][tex]{ {10}^{-3} } [/tex][tex] \textsf{because mass of electron is} [/tex][tex] \textsf{ given in grams that need to be converted into kg ]} [/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: \Delta v \geqslant \cfrac{6.6 }{4 \pi } \times \cfrac{10 {}^{ - 34} } {10 {}^{ (- 27 - 3 - 11)} } [/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: \Delta v \geqslant \cfrac{6.6 }{4 \times 3.14 } \times \cfrac{10 {}^{ - 34} } {10 {}^{ - 41} } [/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: \Delta v \geqslant \cfrac{6.6 }{4 \times 3.14 } \times {10 {}^{ 7}}[/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: \Delta v \geqslant \cfrac{6.6 }{12.56 } \times {10 {}^{ 7}}[/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: \Delta v \geqslant0.525\times {10 {}^{ 7}}[/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: \Delta v \geqslant5.25\times {10 {}^{ 6}} \:\:m/s[/tex]

The equation of line q is determined as y =  ¹/₈x - ⁹/₄.

The slope of a line is the change in y axis to change in x axis.

y = – 8x + 6

from general line equation, y = mx + c

where;

m = - 8

m₂ = -1/m

m₂ = -1/-8

m₂ = 1/8

(y - y₁) / (x - x₁) = m₂

(y + 2)/(x - 2) = 1/8

y + 2 = ¹/₈(x - 2)

y + 2 = ¹/₈x -  ¹/₄

y = ¹/₈x - ⁹/₄

Thus, the equation of line q is determined as y =  ¹/₈x - ⁹/₄.

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If a reactant is oxidized, another reactant must be reduced (option D).

Redox reaction also known as oxidation-reduction reaction relates to any reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously.

This means that in a redox reaction, electrons are lost and gained at the same time.

The substance that loses electrons in a redox reaction is called reducing agent while the substance that gains electrons in a redox reaction is called oxidizing agent.

Therefore, if a reactant is oxidized, another reactant must be reduced.

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Answer:

0.645 L

Explanation:

To find the volume, you need to (1) convert grams to moles (using the molar mass) and then (2) calculate the volume (using the molarity ratio). The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the sig figs of the given values.

(Step 1)

Molar Mass (KOH): 39.098 g/mol + 15.998 g/mol + 1.008 g/mol

Molar Mass (KOH): 56.104 g/mol

19.9 grams KOH              1 mole
--------------------------  x  -----------------------  =  0.355 moles KOH
                                     56.014 grams

(Step 2)

Molarity = moles / volume                            <----- Molarity ratio

0.550 M = 0.355 moles / volume                 <----- Insert values

(0.550 M) x volume = 0.355 moles              <----- Multiply both sides by volume

volume = 0.645 L                                          <----- Divide both sides by 0.550

The directions that are likely to result in a warmer earth are the directions 3, 5 and 6.

The term global warming has to do with the gradual rise in the temperature of the earth as a result of the re-radiation of infrared rays back to the earth. We know that greenhouse gases are able to trap the infrared rays from the sun and reradiate same to the surface of the earth and this ultimately leads to a warmer earth.

As such, if we look at the image closely, we can see that there is a reradiation of the rays to the earth in the directions 3, 5 and 6. It then follows that the directions that are likely to result in a warmer earth are the directions 3, 5 and 6.

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Answer:

0.436 ⇒ 0.44

9.000 ⇒ 9.0

Concept:

Significant figures are where each of the digits of a number are used to express it to the required degree of accuracy, starting from the first nonzero digit.

Therefore, in the context of this question, two significant figure means that two digits of numbers are kept, from left to right, starting from the first nonzero digit.

Solve:

0.436 has 3 significant digits in total starting from left to right

Thus, the last digit should be rounded up / down

Since the last digit is 6, it is greater than 5, so it should be rounded up.

Therefore, a rounded 0.436 is [tex]\Large\boxed{0.44}[/tex]

9.000 has 4 significant digits in total starting from left to right

Thus, the last two digits should be rounded up / down

Since the last two digits are 0, it is less than 5, so it should be rounded up (or remained).

Therefore, a rounded 9.000 is [tex]\Large\boxed{9.0}[/tex]

Hope this helps!! :)

Please let me know if you have any questions

The volume of 15.7 M H2SO4 is required to prepare 12.0 L of 0.156 M sulfuric acid is 0.12 L

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

The volume of the stock solution needed can be obtained by using the dilution formula as shown below:

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

15.7 × V₁ = 0.156 × 12

15.7 × V₁ = 1.872

Divide both side by 15.7

V₁ = 1.872 / 15.7

V₁ = 0.12 L

Thus, the volume of the stock solution needed to prepare the solution is 0.12 L

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

Planting trees sequesters CO2

  all of the other choices produce more CO2 in the atmosphere

The following aqueous solutions represents good buffer systems:

A buffer is a solution used to stabilize the pH (acidity) of a liquid.

A good buffer system is generally known to contain close or equal concentrations of a weak acid and its conjugate base.

Based on the above explanation, the following represents a good buffer system as they are between their weak acid and conjugate base:

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Answer:

the half life of reaction is 2 hours which is consist half life of consist in the first order reaction has the order reaction is one

Answer:

80.5%

Explanation:

The percent yield is made up of the theoretical yield and actual yield. The theoretical yield is the amount of product produced from the balanced chemical equation and molar masses. The actual yield is the amount of product produced in an experiment.

To find the percent yield, you need to (1) convert grams C₃H₈ to moles C₃H₈ (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles C₃H₈ to moles CO₂ (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), then (3) convert moles CO₂ to grams CO₂ (via molar mass), and then (4) calculate the percent yield. It is important to arrange the conversions/ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.

(Steps 1 - 3)

Molar Mass (C₃H₈): 3(12.01 g/mol) + 8(1.01 g/mol)

Molar Mass (C₃H₈): 44.11 g/mol

Molar Mass (CO₂): 12.01 g/mol + 2(16.0 g/mol)

Molar Mass (CO₂): 44.01 g/mol

1 C₃H₈ + 5 O₂ -----> 3 CO₂ + 4 H₂O

296 g C₃H₈           1 mole            3 moles CO₂           44.01 g
-------------------  x  ----------------  x  ----------------------  x  ----------------  =  886 g CO₂
                               44.11 g            1 mole C₃H₈            1 mole

(Step 4)

                                  Actual Yield
Percent Yield  =  ------------------------------  x  100%
                              Theoretical Yield

                                713 g CO₂
Percent Yield  =  ----------------------  x  100%
                                886 g CO₂

Percent Yield  =  80.5%

Answer:

d

Explanation:

d

22.37 g of chromium(II) nitrate, must be dissolved to prepare 500. mL of a 0.188 M aqueous solution of the salt.

According to the definition, the molar concentration of a substance in a solution is the ratio of the number of the moles to the volume of the solution:

c=n/V.

The number of the moles is related to the mass with the molar mass:

n=m/M;

m=n·M.

Thus, given the volume of the solution of chromium(II) nitrate, its concentration and molar mass is 238.011 g/mol we can calculate the mass of chromium(II) nitrate needed for the preparation :

∴   Cr(NO₃)₃ = cVM

                 = 0.188 M × 0.5 L × 238.011 g/mol

                 = 22.37 g

Therefore, 22.37 g of chromium(II) nitrate, must be dissolved to prepare 500. mL of a 0.188 M aqueous solution of the salt.

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The decrease in the freezing point of the solution is −1.86oC.

Now we know that the freezing point depression of a solid is a colligative property of the solution.

Thus we have that;

ΔT = K m i

ΔT = freezing point depression

K = freezing constant

m = molality of the solution

i = Van't Hoff factor

Thus;

molality =  1 mol/1 Kg = 1 m

ΔT = −1.86oC/m * 1 m * 1

ΔT =−1.86oC

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The answer is [OH⁻] = 1 x 10⁻⁴.

[OH⁻] = H₂O ÷ [H₃O⁺]

[OH⁻] = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴ / 1 x 10⁻¹⁰

[OH⁻] = 10⁻⁴

Answer:

Explanation:

Greetings !

The electronic configuration 1s²,2s²,2p⁶,3s²,3p³ represents phosphorus with atomic number 15.

The electron configuration 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p³ corresponds to the element phosphorus. The first two shells are full, with 2 electrons in each shell. The third shell has 2 electrons in the 3s subshell and 3 electrons in the 3p subshell. Hence option D is correct.

Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15. It belongs to Group 15 (or Group V) of the periodic table, which is also known as the nitrogen group. Here are some key features and characteristics of phosphorus:

Phosphorus is a non-metal, and at room temperature, it exists in several allotropes. The most common forms are white phosphorus, red phosphorus, and black phosphorus.

White phosphorus is a highly reactive and toxic waxy solid, while red phosphorus is less reactive and is often used in safety matches. Black phosphorus is a semiconductor material with interesting electronic properties.

Therefore option D) phosphorous is correct.

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Considering the definition of empirical and molecular formula, the pair C₆H₆ and C₃H₃ shares the same empirical formula.

The empirical formula is the simplest expression to represent a chemical compound, and indicates the elements that are present and the minimum proportion in whole numbers between its atoms. This formula is also known as the “minimum formula”.

That is, the empirical formula is the expression of the simplest ratio between the atoms of a chemical compound and indicates the different elements that make up the molecule and the relationship between them. But it does not indicate the actual formula of the compound.

The molecular formula is the actual formula of the molecule, it tells us the types of atoms and the number of each type that participate in the formation of the molecule.

In this case, the pair C₆H₆ and C₃H₃ shares the same empirical formula. In the first case, the ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms is 6:6 or 1:1, while in the second case said ratio is 3:3 or 1:1. Therefore, the relationship is the same, so they have the same empirical formula.

In summary, the pair C₆H₆ and C₃H₃ shares the same empirical formula.

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Answer:

A.) 2,4,5-trimethylhexan-2-ol

B.) 6-bromo-3-ethylhexan-2-one

C.) 3-isoproyl-4-propyloctan-1-al

Explanation:

A.) Since there is an alcohol (-OH) group in the molecule, the name should have the ending -ol. Since the alcohol is on the 2nd carbon, there should be a 2 in front of the -ol. The longest carbon chain contains 6 single-bonded carbons, making this a hexane. There are 3 methyl (-CH₃) groups on the 2nd, 4th, and 5th carbons.

Therefore, the IUPAC name is: 2,4,5-trimethylhexan-2-ol

B.) Since there is a ketone (C=O) group in the molecule, the name should have the ending -one. Since the ketone takes priority, it is on the 2nd carbon. As such, there should be a 2 in front of the -one. The longest carbon chain contains 6 single-bonded carbons, making this a hexane. There is an ethyl (-CH₂CH₃) group on the 3rd carbon and a bromo (-Br) group on the 6th carbon.

Therefore, the IUPAC name is: 6-bromo-3-ethylhexan-2-one

C.) Since there is an aldehyde (HC=O) group in the molecule, the name should have the ending -al. Since the aldehyde is on the 1st carbon, you can add a 1 before the -al (technically not necessary). The longest carbon chain contains 8 single-bonded carbons, making this an octane. There is an isopropyl (-CHCH₃CH₃) group on the 3rd carbon and a propyl (-CH₂CH₂CH₃) on the 4th carbon.

Therefore, the IUPAC name is: 3-isoproyl-4-propyloctan-1-al (or 3-isoproyl-4-propyloctanal)

The molar mass of the compound is = 1.42g/ mol

∆Tb = kB × molarity

∆Tb = 102.3°C

Kb = 0.510 °C/m

Molarity= electrolyte mass × water solubility/ Mw× mass of water.

That is,

102.3°C= 0.51× 83.5×1000/Mw × 291.7

Make Mw the subject of formula,

Therefore,

Mw = 0.51 × 83.5×1000/ 102.3 × 291.7

Mw= 42,585/29,840.91

Mw= 1.42g/mol

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Explanation:

Reasons why you should not dispose of chemicals down drains

Pipes, especially older pipes, can leak at connections or where they have been damaged. Often large pipes, like storm water pipes or really large sewage mains, are made out of concrete so at places where two pipes meet, there can be minor leaks. It’s not a big deal when it’s just a little bit of storm water leaking, but if chemicals are also in this water, you’ve just given them a direct path to contaminating drinking water! Also, some of Indianapolis’s infrastructure is very old, and pipes used to be made out of things like bricks and hollowed out trees which will also leak.

Disposing of chemicals down drains can damage your plumbing which can be expensive to repair and also allow those chemicals a direct path into the groundwater.

Improperly disposing of chemicals at your site can lead to environmental contamination of your site which can be time consuming and expensive to clean up.

C2H4 is oxidized and O2 is reduced in both reactions.

Oxidation is defined in several ways. Some of the definitions are:

Reduction, on the other hand, is defined as:

In the two reactions, oxygen is being added to C2H4. Thus, C2H4 is being oxidized.

The oxidizing agent is O2. In oxidation reactions, the oxidizing agents usually get reduced. Thus, O2 is reduced in both reactions.

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This exercise is related to the subject of Structured Thinking. See the definition of structured thinking below.

The process of developing a structured framework to address an unstructured situation is known as structured thinking.

Structured thinking is a strategy of problem-solving that entails breaking a huge problem into smaller ones in order to tackle the larger problem more quickly and effectively.

Categorizing things and identifying themes are two subjects under structured thinking.

To categorize anything requires:

Identifying themes entails:

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The answer is 6 nitrogen atoms.

The given chemical formula is : 3Zn(NO₃)₂

Let's find the number of nitrogen atoms by opening the bracket.

Hence, there are 6 nitrogen atoms.

Answer:

2.34 gms left

Explanation:

3 weeks = 21 days   =    7 half lives

300 * (1/2)^7 = 2.34 gms

Answer:

A.) [tex]K_b = \frac{[CH_3NH_3^+][OH^-]}{[CH_3NH_2]}[/tex]

Explanation:

The general Kb expression is:

[tex]K_b = \frac{[HA][OH^-]}{[A^-]}[/tex]

In this equation

-----> Kb = equilibrium constant

-----> [HA] = acid

-----> [A⁻] = base

Since liquids are not included in equilibrium expressions, H₂O should not be present. The products are in the numerator while the reactant are in the denominator. In this reaction, CH₃NH₂ is acting as a base and CH₃NH₃⁺ is acting as an acid.

As such, the expression is:

[tex]K_b = \frac{[CH_3NH_3^+][OH^-]}{[CH_3NH_2]}[/tex]

B. A student who prefers to study by recalling personal examples that connect to what is being learned, makes lists of ways to use skills in real scenarios (like at work), and starts a discussion with another student to talk about a topic most likely prefers Auditory.

Auditory learning style is a method of learning that involves listening.

Auditory learning means that a student learns most effectively by listening.

In Auditory learning style, students would prefer listening to a lecture over reading a textbook, or hearing the instructions for a project instead of figuring it out hands-on.

Thus, a student who prefers to study by recalling personal examples that connect to what is being learned, makes lists of ways to use skills in real scenarios (like at work), and starts a discussion with another student to talk about a topic most likely prefers Auditory.

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The identity of a metal that has a mass of 27.0g and a volume of 10.0cm is Aluminium. That is option B.

Molar mass is defined as the mass in grams of one mole of an element. This is measured in grams/mole of that substance.

The metal that is 27.0 g and a volume of 10.0 cm3 is aluminium because aluminium is 27 times heavier than 1/12th of the mass of carbon-12 atom.

Therefore, the identity of a metal that has a mass of 27.0g and a volume of 10.0cm is Aluminium.

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The generic reaction a + b = c, represents a synthesis or combination reaction, which is a kind of chemical reaction.

A synthesis, or combination reaction, is a kind of reaction in which two substances combine to form a bigger molecule.

The generic reaction is:

a + b = c

Some common synthesis reactions are:

Fe + S = FeS

O₂ + 2 SO₂ = 2 SO₃

CaO + CO₂ = CaCO₃

In all the examples above, we can verify that the substances (elements or compounds) combine with each other to form another substance (product).

The generic reaction a + b = c, represents a synthesis or combination reaction, which is a kind of chemical reaction.

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Salt-water that dehydrates someone who drinks is NOT an example of a colligative property (Option D).

Colligative Properties make reference to physical properties associated with solute concentration instead of its intrinsical characteristics.

Some examples of colligative properties include boiling state, vapour pressure, and osmotic pressure due to the presence of ionic particles.

In conclusion, salt-water that dehydrates someone who drinks is NOT an example of a colligative property (Option D).

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Answer:

2.60 L

Explanation:

To find the new volume, you need to use the Combined Gas Law:

[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]

In this equation, "P₁", "V₁", and "T₁" represent the initial pressure, volume, and temperature. "P₂", "V₂", and "T₂" represent the final pressure. volume, and temperature.

At STP, the pressure is 1.0 atm and the temperature is 273 K. Before you can plug the values into the equation, you need to convert pressure from torr to atm and the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin.

P₁ = 720 torr / 760 = 0.947 atm            P₂ = 1.0 atm

V₁ = 3.0 L                                                V₂ = ? L

T₁ = 25 °C + 273 = 298 K                       T₂ = 273 K

[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]                                                  <----- Combined Gas Law

[tex]\frac{(0.947atm)(3.0L)}{298K}=\frac{(1.0atm)V_2}{273K}[/tex]                           <----- Insert values

[tex]\frac{2.84}{298K}=\frac{(1.0atm)V_2}{273K}[/tex]                                          <----- Multiply 0.947 and 3.0

[tex]0.00954=\frac{(1.0atm)V_2}{273K}[/tex]                                      <----- Simplify left side

[tex]2.60={(1.0atm)V_2}[/tex]                                         <----- Multiply both sides by 273

[tex]2.60L=V_2[/tex]                                                    <----- Divide both sides by 1.0