a. To determine the effect on the company's total net operating income of buying part U67 from the supplier, we need to compare the costs of making the part internally with the cost of purchasing it externally.
Cost of making the part internally:
Direct materials: $9.00 per unit * 10,000 units = $90,000
Direct labor: $3.00 per unit * 10,000 units = $30,000
Variable overhead: $4.00 per unit * 10,000 units = $40,000
Supervisor's salary: $1.50 per unit * 10,000 units = $15,000
Depreciation of special equipment: $1.40 per unit * 10,000 units = $14,000
Allocated general overhead (avoided cost): $5.00 per unit * 10,000 units - $8,000 = $42,000
Total cost of making the part internally = $90,000 + $30,000 + $40,000 + $15,000 + $14,000 + $42,000 = $231,000
Cost of purchasing the part externally:
Number of units needed: 10,000 units
Cost per unit from the supplier: $18.00 per unit
Total cost of purchasing the part externally = $18.00 per unit * 10,000 units = $180,000
Effect on net operating income = Cost of making internally - Cost of purchasing externally
Effect on net operating income = $231,000 - $180,000 = $51,000 (a decrease in net operating income)
b. Based on the calculations, if the company chooses to buy part U67 from the supplier instead of making it internally, the total net operating income would decrease by $51,000. Therefore, the company should consider continuing to make the part internally as it results in higher net operating income.
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Which of the following CANNOT be included along with illustrations used to sell life insurance?
ARating information
BOriginal death benefit
CVanishing premium information
DName of the insurer
There are some elements that should be excluded from illustrations used to promote life insurance, the answer is D. Name of the insurer.
The elements that should be excluded from illustrations used to promote life insurance are as follows:
Name of the insurer: If you have the name of the insurer in your illustration, it can confuse the buyer since he may focus on the name instead of the policy's essential information.
Rating information: When people see a rating that is high, they are likely to assume that a policy is excellent, without knowing what rating means. The rating may also mislead the clients since the rate may not apply to the specific policy being offered.
Original death benefit: The original death benefit is also something that should be excluded. This is because the death benefit isn't what the policyholder receives, but rather the beneficiary of the policy. The death benefit of the policy may vary depending on the policyholder's age, sex, and other factors. Therefore, the original death benefit should be avoided in illustrations.
Vanishing premium information: Vanishing premium information is another element that should be excluded from illustrations since it is sometimes interpreted as a guarantee of free premiums. In some cases, the vanishing premium may disappear for reasons beyond the control of the insurer. For this reason, it should be left out of the illustration.
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The SMOG provisions do not apply to a full cost company that prepares the ceiling test each year.
O True
O False
False. The SMOG (Simplified Method for Oil and Gas) provisions do apply to a full cost company that prepares the ceiling test each year.
The SMOG provisions provide an alternative method for testing impairment of oil and gas properties under the full cost method of accounting. It allows companies to calculate the impairment based on the ratio of the present value of estimated future net cash flows to the carrying amount of the oil and gas properties. This method is used instead of the traditional full cost ceiling test.
It maintains a centralized database to store financial data securely. It organizes data into accounts, ledgers, and files, ensuring data integrity and accessibility. Users can retrieve and analyze data for various purposes,
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Jonah Graham owns and operates The Green Thumb Company (GTC), which provides live plants and frower arrangements to professional offices. Jonah has fixed costs of $3,960 per-month for office/greenhouse rent, advertising; and a delivery van, Variable costs for the plants, fertilizer, pots, and other supplies average 520 per fob. GTC charges $60 per month for the average job. Required: 1. How many jobs must GTC average each month to break even? jobs per month 2. What is the operating income for GTC in a month with 95 jobs? Enter a net loss as a negative amount. 1 What is the operating income for Gre in a month with 104 jobs? 1 3. Jonah faces a tax rate equal to 25 percent. How many jobs must Jonah have per month to earn an after-tax income of $1,240? Round your answer to the nearest whole number of jobs. jobs per month 4. Suppose that Jonah's foxed costs increase to $4,092 per month and he decides to increase the price to $72 per job. What is the new break-even point in number of jobs per month? Round your answer to the nearest whole number of jobs.
1. The Green Thumb Company (GTC) needs to average 66 jobs per month to break even, considering fixed costs of $3,960 per month and a charge of $60 per job.
2. Operating income = Total revenue - Total variable costs = $5,700 - $49,400 = -$43,700 (net loss)
3. Solving for the number of jobs, we find that Jonah needs approximately 94 jobs per month to earn an after-tax income of $1,240.
4. Jonah would need to average approximately 61 jobs per month to break even with the increased fixed costs and higher price per job.
1. To calculate the break-even point, we need to find the number of jobs required to cover the fixed costs. This can be done by dividing the fixed costs by the contribution margin per job, which is the difference between the charge per job and the variable cost per job. In this case, the break-even point is $3,960 / ($60 - $520) = 66 jobs per month.
2. Operating income is calculated by subtracting the total variable costs from the total revenue. For a month with 95 jobs, the total revenue is 95 * $60 = $5,700. The total variable costs can be calculated by multiplying the number of jobs by the variable cost per job, which is 95 * $520 = $49,400. Therefore, the operating income is $5,700 - $49,400 = -$43,700, indicating a net loss for that month.
3. To determine the number of jobs required to earn a specific after-tax income, we need to calculate the operating income before taxes and then subtract the applicable tax amount. Rearranging the formula and solving for the number of jobs, we find that Jonah needs approximately 94 jobs per month to earn an after-tax income of $1,240, considering a tax rate of 25%.
4. If Jonah's fixed costs increase and he decides to increase the price per job, we need to recalculate the break-even point.
The new charge per job and the variable cost per job, we find that Jonah would need to average approximately 61 jobs per month to break even with the increased fixed costs and higher price per job.
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QUESTION 7
SL Green Realty Corp. is a self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT, engaged in the acquisition, development, ownership, management and operation of commercial and residential real estate properties, principally office properties, located in the New York metropolitan area.
True or False
Furthermore, REITs are a favored asset class for investors looking for income because of their high dividend yields, making them a great investment option. true
The provided statement is true. SL Green Realty Corp. is a self-managed real estate investment trust (REIT) that engages in the acquisition, development, ownership, management and operation of commercial and residential real estate properties, primarily office properties, in the New York metropolitan region.
REITs provide investors with the ability to invest in real estate while avoiding many of the risks and costs associated with direct property ownership. They are required by law to pay at least 90% of their taxable income in the form of shareholder dividends annually.
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What’s the enterprise value of SoulBiking in year 2017?
Hint: Use the growth method, decompose EV into two parts. You will need to calculate the present value of FCFs from year 1 – 5, as well as the discounted residual value.
Select the best answer from the following:
a.) 576.5
b.) 812.0
c.) 1042.75
d.) 1138.45
The enterprise value of SoulBiking in year 2017 is c.) 1042.75.
The present value of FCFs from year 1 to 5 is calculated using the following formula:
[tex]PV = FCF / (1 + r)^t[/tex]
Where PV is the present value, FCF is the free cash flow, r is the discount rate, and t is the number of years.
The discounted residual value is calculated using the following formula:
[tex]DRV = FCF(terminal) / (1 + r)^n[/tex]
Where DRV is the discounted residual value, FCF(terminal) is the free cash flow in the terminal year, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of years to the terminal year.
In this case, the discount rate is 8%, the number of years to the terminal year is 5, and the free cash flow in the terminal year is $249.6.
Therefore, the enterprise value of SoulBiking is $747.79 + $294.96 = $1042.75
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Assume the interest rates have increased substantially. Would
this tend to increase or decrease the market value of a firm’s
liabilities (relative to the book value of liabilities)?
The market value of a firm's liabilities typically declines in comparison to their book value when interest rates rise significantly.
This is so because future cash flows, such as interest and principal payments on liabilities, are discounted at a higher rate when interest rates are higher. As a result, these cash flows' current value declines, which lowers the market value of liabilities. In contrast, if interest rates dropped, liabilities' market value would often rise relative to their book value. Investors and financial managers should carefully analyse the influence of interest rate changes on the estimation of a company's liabilities.
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The following information is for United Corporation: a. Balance per the bank statement dated October 31,2014 is $35,850. b. Balance of the Cash account on the company books as of October 31,2014 is $28,600. c. Cheques written that had not cleared the bank by October 31,2014 were: #821:$1,050 #818:$1,050 #828:$1,150 #810:$1,100 d. Included with the bank statement was a $30 credit memorandum for interest earned on the bank account during the month. e. Bank deposit on October 31,2014 for $950 does not appear on the bank statement. f. Cheque #803, for office supplies in the amount of $482, was recorded in the Cash Disbursements Journal incorrectly as $4,882. g. Included with the bank statement was an NSF cheque for $550 that had been received from a customer in payment of his account. h. Bank service charges for the month amount to $30. Prepare a bank reconciliation statement as of October 31,2014 as well as the necessary adiustina inurnal entries
After making these adjustments, the bank reconciliation will be complete, and the adjusted bank balance should match the adjusted book balance of $28,630.
Bank Reconciliation Statement
As of October 31, 2014
Balance per bank statement: $35,850
Add: Deposit not recorded on the bank statement: $950
Adjusted bank balance: $36,800
Balance per company books: $28,600
Add: Credit memorandum for interest earned: $30
Adjusted book balance: $28,630
Cheques written but not cleared:
Cheque #821: $1,050
Cheque #818: $1,050
Cheque #828: $1,150
Cheque #810: $1,100
Total: $4,350
Less: Error in recording cheque #803: $4,400
Adjusted outstanding cheques: $0
Adjusted bank balance: $36,800
Adjusted book balance: $28,630
Bank service charges: $30
NSF cheque received: $550
Total deductions: $580
Adjusted bank balance after deductions: $36,220
To reconcile the bank statement balance with the book balance, the following adjusting journal entries should be made:
1. Record the deposit not appearing on the bank statement:
Debit: Cash $950
Credit: Bank Deposits $950
2. Correct the recording error for cheque #803:
Debit: Cash Disbursements $4,400
Credit: Cash $482
Credit: Office Supplies $4,882
3. Adjust for NSF cheque received:
Debit: Accounts Receivable $550
Credit: Cash $550
4. Adjust for bank service charges:
Debit: Bank Service Charges $30
Credit: Cash $30
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T/F : You cannot have Quality Management if you don't have ISO 9001?
False. Having ISO 9001 certification is not a prerequisite for implementing quality management practices.
ISO 9001 is a widely recognized international standard for quality management systems, and obtaining certification demonstrates that an organization meets the requirements specified in the standard. While ISO 9001 provides a structured framework for implementing and maintaining quality management practices, it is not the only approach to quality management.
Quality management is a broader concept that encompasses various principles, methodologies, and tools aimed at ensuring consistent delivery of high-quality products or services. It focuses on meeting customer requirements, continuous improvement, and enhancing overall organizational performance.
Organizations can adopt and implement quality management principles and practices even if they do not pursue ISO 9001 certification. They may develop their own quality management systems or follow other industry-specific standards and guidelines.
Therefore, it is possible to have quality management practices in place without having ISO 9001 certification. Organizations can still strive for excellence in their processes, customer satisfaction, and continuous improvement by implementing effective quality management strategies and methodologies tailored to their specific needs and industry requirements.
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Valuing Bonds What is the price of a 25-year, zero coupon bond paying $1,000 at maturity, assuming semiannual compounding, if the YTM is:
a. 6 percent?
b. 8 percent?
c. 10 percent?
a. The price of the zero coupon bond with a 6 percent YTM is approximately $329.72.
b. The price of the zero coupon bond with an 8 percent YTM is approximately $209.59.
c. The price of the zero coupon bond with a 10 percent YTM is approximately $132.68.
To calculate the price of a zero coupon bond, we can use the formula:
Price = Face Value / (1 + Yield/2)^(2 * Number of Periods)
Where:
Face Value = $1,000 (the amount paid at maturity)
Yield = Yield to Maturity (YTM)
Number of Periods = 25 years * 2 (since compounding is semiannual)
a. For a YTM of 6 percent:
Price = $1,000 / (1 + 0.06/2)^(2 * 25)
Price = $1,000 / (1.03)^(50)
Price ≈ $329.72
b. For a YTM of 8 percent:
Price = $1,000 / (1 + 0.08/2)^(2 * 25)
Price = $1,000 / (1.04)^(50)
Price ≈ $209.59
c. For a YTM of 10 percent:
Price = $1,000 / (1 + 0.10/2)^(2 * 25)
Price = $1,000 / (1.05)^(50)
Price ≈ $132.68
a. The price of the zero coupon bond with a 6 percent YTM is approximately $329.72.
b. The price of the zero coupon bond with an 8 percent YTM is approximately $209.59.
c. The price of the zero coupon bond with a 10 percent YTM is approximately $132.68.
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Using the FASB Codification, develop two memos to your client using the outline presented.
Facts - State the relevant facts surrounding the issue.
Issue(s) - List the researchable questions you are trying to answer.
Analysis - Include all relevant authoritative guidance, along with analysis in your own words of how the guidance applies to your fact pattern.
Conclusion - State your conclusion based on your research, highlighting key factors considered. Provide more detail for highly judgmental issues.
Financial Statement and Disclosure Impacts - Summarize financial statement accounts affected and any disclosures required. Include journal entries when possible.
Sonny Corporation has never been audited before the current year. An audit is now needed by a CPA because the company is expanding rapidly and plans to issue stock to the public. A CPA firm has been doing preliminary evaluations of the Sonny Corporation's accounts and records. One major problem involves the valuation of inventory under GAAP. Sonny Corporation has been valuing its inventory under the cost method and no write-downs have been made for obsolescence. A review of the inventory indicates that obsolescence and excess spare parts in the inventory are two major violations of Accounting Periods and Methods. The CPA states that for GAAP the company will be required to write down its inventory by 25% of its stated amount, or $100,000, and charge this amount against net income from operations for the current period. Otherwise, an unqualified (i.e., a "clean opinion") will not be rendered. The company controller asks your advice regarding the accounting and tax consequences from the obsolescence and spare parts inventory write-downs for the current year and the procedures for changing to the lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM). Sonny Corporation uses a calendar year for both book and tax purposes, and the date of your contact with the company is December 1 of the current year.
Sonny Corporation seeks advice on the accounting and tax consequences of inventory write-downs for obsolescence and spare parts, as well as the procedures for changing to the lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) method.
Memo 1:
Facts:
Sonny Corporation needs an audit due to rapid expansion and plans to issue stock to the public.
Preliminary evaluations by a CPA firm reveal issues with inventory valuation.
Inventory is currently valued using the cost method, with no write-downs for obsolescence.
The CPA recommends a write-down of 25% ($100,000) against net income to comply with GAAP.
Issue:
What are the accounting and tax consequences of the inventory write-downs for obsolescence and spare parts for Sonny Corporation?
Analysis:
According to Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 330-10, inventory should be stated at the lower of cost or market value.
Obsolescence and excess spare parts indicate potential declines in market value, requiring write-downs.
The write-down should be recorded as a charge to cost of goods sold, reducing net income.
For tax purposes, the deduction is allowed only when the write-down is realized through the sale or disposal of the inventory.
Conclusion:
Sonny Corporation should recognize a $100,000 write-down against net income to comply with GAAP. The write-down will reduce net income and affect financial statements and tax calculations.
Memo 2:
Facts:
Sonny Corporation uses a calendar year for book and tax purposes.
The company controller seeks guidance on the procedures for changing to the lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) method.
Issue:
What are the procedures for Sonny Corporation to change to the lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) method for inventory valuation?
Analysis:
Under ASC 330-10, a change from the cost method to LCM requires justification and proper disclosure.
Sonny Corporation needs to assess the market value of inventory and compare it to the cost.
If market value is lower, a write-down is necessary, and the new valuation should be used.
Disclosure in the financial statements is required to explain the change in accounting policy.
Conclusion:
Sonny Corporation should assess the market value of inventory, and if lower than cost, make necessary write-downs. The change to the LCM method should be properly disclosed in the financial statements to inform stakeholders.
Financial Statement and Disclosure Impacts:
Financial statement accounts affected: Inventory, Cost of Goods Sold, Net Income.
Disclosures required: Change in accounting policy related to inventory valuation, justification for the write-down, impact on financial statements.
Hence, Sonny Corporation should recognize the inventory write-down for obsolescence and spare parts, follow the procedures for changing to the LCM method, and provide appropriate disclosures in the financial statements.
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The value obtained from knowing that southern rockhopper penguins still exist is an example of of ____ an environmental asset.
a. contingent value
b. use value
c. indirect use value
d. non-use value
The value obtained from knowing that southern rockhopper penguins still exist is an example of d. non-use value as an environmental asset.
The non-use value derived from the existence of southern rockhopper penguins represents the intrinsic appreciation and moral significance that people attribute to their survival. It reflects the understanding that every species has an inherent right to exist and thrive in their natural habitats. This non-use value extends beyond immediate economic or tangible benefits and emphasizes the broader ethical and conservation values associated with biodiversity preservation. The knowledge that southern rockhopper penguins continue to exist contributes to the overall sense of environmental well-being and the importance of safeguarding these unique and ecologically important species for future generations. Therefore, the value obtained from knowing that southern rockhopper penguins still exist aligns with the concept of non-use value as an environmental asset.
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How much must be invested in an annuity that will earn 5.9%
(compounded quarterly) where a payment of $8000 is made at the end
of each quarter for the next 5 years?
To receive $8,000 at the end of each quarter for the next 5 years with a compounded quarterly interest rate of 5.9%, one must invest approximately $154,386.50 initially.
To determine the amount that must be invested in an annuity, which will earn a compounded quarterly interest rate of 5.9%, and receive $8,000 at the end of each quarter for the next 5 years, we can use the present value of an annuity formula.
This formula calculates the initial investment required to generate a series of future cash flows. By plugging in the appropriate values, we can find the required investment amount.
The present value of an annuity formula is given by:
PV = PMT * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r],
where PV is the present value, PMT is the payment amount, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods.
In this case, the payment amount is $8,000, the interest rate per period is 5.9% divided by 4 (since it is compounded quarterly), and the number of periods is 5 years multiplied by 4 (since there are 4 quarters in a year). Plugging in these values, we have:
PV = $8,000 * [(1 - (1 + 0.059/4)^(-5*4)) / (0.059/4)].
Evaluating this expression, we find that the required investment amount is approximately $154,386.50.
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The goal of operations management is to:
Multiple select questions.
(A) create a domestic organization
(B) keep operations running efficiently
(C) advertise the product
(D) create a good experience for the customer
The goals of operations management are to keep operations running efficiently and create a good experience for the customer. Creating a domestic organization is not a specific goal of management.
Operations management focuses on managing the processes and resources involved in delivering goods or services, regardless of the organizational structure. Advertising the product is primarily a marketing function and falls outside the scope of operations management. While operations management may contribute to product development and ensuring product quality, marketing activities such as advertising are typically separate functions. The primary focus of operations management is to optimize operational processes, improve efficiency, manage resources effectively, and deliver products or services that meet customer expectations. This involves streamlining operations, reducing costs, improving productivity, and enhancing the overall customer experience.
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What do you think is the future of traditional catalog marketing? Find examples of companies that have discontinued their printed catalog in favor of a fully online version. Has this been successful for them?
The future of traditional catalog marketing is evolving in the digital age. While printed catalogs have been a popular marketing tool for many years, the rise of online shopping and digital marketing channels has prompted companies to reconsider their approach.
The convenience, cost-effectiveness, and ability to reach a wider audience through online platforms have led to a shift towards digital catalogs and e-commerce.
Several companies have discontinued their printed catalogs in favor of a fully online version. One notable example is Sears, a retail giant that ended its iconic "Big Book" catalog in 1993 and shifted its focus to online sales. Another example is J.C. Penney, which ceased its annual "Big Book" catalog in 2009 to focus on its online presence.
For many companies, the transition to a fully online catalog has been successful. Online catalogs offer several advantages, such as the ability to update product information in real-time, track customer engagement and behavior, and reach a broader audience globally. Moreover, online catalogs provide interactive features, such as search functionality, product recommendations, and direct links to purchase, enhancing the overall shopping experience.
Companies that have embraced digital catalogs and effectively integrated them into their online marketing strategies have witnessed positive outcomes. They have experienced increased customer engagement, higher conversion rates, and improved cost efficiencies compared to traditional printed catalogs. Additionally, online catalogs provide valuable data and insights that enable companies to tailor their marketing efforts and better understand customer preferences.
While the transition to fully online catalogs has been successful for many companies, it is important to note that there are still certain market segments or niche industries where printed catalogs continue to play a role. Some companies may opt for a hybrid approach, combining online and printed catalogs to cater to different customer preferences.
Overall, the future of traditional catalog marketing lies in embracing digital platforms and leveraging the benefits they offer. Online catalogs provide greater flexibility, personalization, and cost-effectiveness, allowing companies to adapt to changing consumer behavior and capture the opportunities presented by the digital landscape.
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Describe any FIVE key characteristics in entrepreneurial
thinking with examples.
The five key characteristics in entrepreneurial thinking are creativity and innovation, risk-taking and resilience, opportunity recognition, proactiveness and initiative, and adaptability and flexibility.
Entrepreneurial thinking is characterized by five key traits:
Opportunity Recognition: Entrepreneurs have a knack for identifying promising opportunities in the market that others may miss. They spot gaps, unmet needs, and emerging trends, and take advantage of them to create innovative solutions or businesses.
Risk-taking and Resilience: Entrepreneurs are willing to take calculated risks and face uncertainty. They understand that setbacks and failures are part of the entrepreneurial journey. They bounce back from challenges, learn from their experiences, and persist in pursuing their goals.
Creativity and Innovation: Entrepreneurs think outside the box and bring fresh perspectives to problem-solving. They generate new ideas, challenge conventional thinking, and create innovative products, services, or business models that disrupt existing markets or create new ones.
Self-motivation and Passion: Entrepreneurs are driven by their inner motivation and passion for their work. They have a deep belief in their ideas and are committed to making a positive impact. Their passion fuels their dedication, persistence, and resilience, even in the face of obstacles.
Adaptability and Flexibility: Entrepreneurs are adaptable and open to change. They embrace evolving market conditions, customer preferences, and technological advancements. They adjust their strategies, pivot their business models, and seize new opportunities to stay ahead in dynamic environments.
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Summarize three things learned from chapter 11 in BARINGER, PREPARING EFFECTIVE BUSINESS PLANS, 2ND and how you would use this information to create your business plan or use this information to assist with your business needs.
Chapter 11 of "Baringer, Preparing Effective Business Plans, 2nd Edition" provides valuable insights into three key aspects: market analysis, competitive analysis, and financial projections. Understanding these concepts is crucial for creating a comprehensive and successful business plan.
Market analysis is the process of examining the target market, identifying customer needs, and evaluating market trends. From Chapter 11, one can learn how to conduct market research, analyze customer demographics, and evaluate the potential demand for a product or service. This information is vital for shaping the business plan, determining the target market size, and designing marketing strategies that resonate with the identified customer base.
Competitive analysis is another significant aspect covered in Chapter 11. It involves assessing direct and indirect competitors, identifying their strengths and weaknesses, and understanding their market positioning. By studying this chapter, one can gain insights into how to conduct a thorough competitive analysis, differentiate the business from competitors, and develop strategies to gain a competitive edge. This knowledge is invaluable when formulating a business plan that highlights the unique selling proposition and positions the business effectively in the market.
Financial projections are essential for forecasting the financial performance of the business. Chapter 11 delves into techniques for preparing financial projections, including income statements, cash flow statements, and balance sheets. Understanding these concepts enables one to create realistic financial forecasts, estimate revenues and expenses accurately, and evaluate the financial viability of the business idea. This information is crucial for investors, lenders, and stakeholders when assessing the potential profitability and sustainability of the business.
Utilizing the information from Chapter 11, one can incorporate market analysis, competitive analysis, and financial projections into their business plan effectively. By conducting thorough market research and analyzing customer demographics, the business plan can be tailored to meet the needs of the target market. The competitive analysis helps in identifying unique selling points and devising strategies to outperform competitors.
Finally, financial projections provide a clear picture of the expected financial performance, assisting in budgeting, investment planning, and attracting potential investors. Applying these insights ensures that the business plan is comprehensive, well-informed, and capable of addressing the specific business needs effectively.
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Read the following descriptions and determine the type of fraud. Match each statement to its corresponding type of
fraud.
-The Controller overrides management controls to issue cheques to himself
-Account Manager increases the December 31, 2021 accounts payable balance to record commissions on sales earned in December 2021 and paid in January 2022
-Account Manager increases the December 31, 2021 accounts receivable balance to record invoices that were not recorded prior to year end, but the goods had been received by the customer on December 31, 2021
-The Controller increases the December 31, 2021 accounts receivable balance without any supporting documentation.
1. Misappropriation of Assets
2. Financial Reporting Fraud
3. No Fraud
4. Both types of Fraud are involved
Here is the breakdown of the different types of fraud:
The Controller overrides management controls to issue cheques to himself - Misappropriation of Assets
Account Manager increases the December 31, 2021 accounts payable balance to record commissions on sales earned in December 2021 and paid in January 2022 - Financial Reporting Fraud
Account Manager increases the December 31, 2021 accounts receivable balance to record invoices that were not recorded prior to year-end, but the goods had been received by the customer on December 31, 2021 - Financial Reporting Fraud
The Controller increases the December 31, 2021 accounts receivable balance without any supporting documentation - Financial Reporting Fraud.
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what is the term for an extended period of economic decline with no improving indicators?
The term used to describe an extended period of economic decline with no improving indicators is called a depression. A depression is a severe and prolonged economic downturn that persists for an extended period, usually several years.
During a depression, the economy experiences a significant decline in production, employment, and income levels. Unlike a recession, a depression is characterized by a complete lack of improvement in economic indicators and can lead to a total collapse of the economy.
There are several factors that can cause a depression, including a sharp decline in consumer spending, a reduction in investment, a decline in international trade, and a financial crisis. During a depression, businesses often experience a decline in sales and revenue, leading to layoffs and a sharp increase in unemployment rates. As more people lose their jobs, consumer spending continues to decline, exacerbating the economic downturn.
Depressions can have a profound impact on society, leading to widespread poverty, homelessness, and social unrest. Governments often respond to a depression by implementing policies aimed at stimulating economic growth, such as increasing government spending, lowering interest rates, and implementing tax cuts. While these measures can help to stimulate the economy, it can take years to recover from a depression and return to pre-depression levels of economic activity.
Therefore, the term used to describe an extended period of economic decline with no improving indicators is called a depression.
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On June 1, 2020, Lex Real Estate Agency, the largest in the country, sent Dart Associates, Inc., an offer to sell Dart, one of the shopping centers owned by Lex. In the offer, Lex stated that he would not revoke the offer for 30 days. The written offer was signed by Lex. It was received by Dart on June 3, 2020. ON June 7, 2020, Dart wrote a letter rejecting the offer of Lex. This letter was received on June 15, 2020. After further research, Dart realized this was a good deal and it quickly sent out a letter of acceptance of the offer. The letter was received on June 12, 2020. Lex suddenly got a better buyer and then called Dart on June 1 1, 2020 and advised that he was revoking the offer.
Discuss the issues in this case and who wins
Lex is the winner in this situation because he had revoked his offer before receiving the acceptance letter.
The issue in this case is whether Lex Real Estate Agency's revocation of the offer was valid or not. Lex made an offer to sell Dart, one of the shopping centers owned by Lex, to Dart Associates, Inc. on June 1, 2020, with the condition that he would not revoke the offer for 30 days. The written offer was signed by Lex and received by Dart on June 3, 2020.On June 7, 2020, Dart wrote a letter rejecting the offer of Lex. This letter was received on June 15, 2020. Later, Dart realized this was a good deal and it quickly sent out a letter of acceptance of the offer. The letter was received on June 12, 2020. However, Lex called Dart on June 11, 2020, and advised that he was revoking the offer because he got a better buyer.Dart has accepted Lex's offer within the time limit, which was good until June 30, 2020. However, the revocation of the offer by Lex on June 11, 2020, before the expiration of the 30-day time limit, made the offer null and void. Lex is the winner in this situation because he had revoked his offer before receiving the acceptance letter. The revocation of the offer was lawful because Dart had not yet sent an acceptance letter, and the offer was still good until June 30, 2020.
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(A.)Define Human Resource Management (HRM). (B.)What is Tort Law? Describe with an example (C.)Describe HR automation. (D.)What is diversity in HRM?
(A) HRM involves strategic workforce management, focusing on recruitment, selection, training, development, performance management, and employee relations. (B) Tort law involves personal injury claims and civil wrongs, involving legal remedies. (C) HR automation streamlines tasks, processes, and reduces manual effort to improve efficiency and accuracy in HR operations. (D) HRM involves managing diverse individuals from various backgrounds within the workforce.
(A.) Human Resource Management (HRM) is the strategic approach to managing an organization's workforce. It involves the effective utilization of employees to achieve organizational goals and objectives.
HRM encompasses various functions, including recruitment, selection, training and development, performance management, compensation, and employee relations. It aims to create a positive work environment that fosters employee productivity, satisfaction, and engagement.
Human Resource Management (HRM) is the strategic management of an organization's workforce, encompassing functions such as recruitment, training, performance management, and employee relations to achieve organizational goals and create a conducive work environment.
(B.) Tort law is a branch of civil law that deals with personal injury claims and civil wrongs committed by one party against another. It involves seeking legal remedies for harm caused by the negligent or intentional actions of individuals or organizations.
A tort occurs when one party's actions result in harm, injury, or loss to another party, leading to legal liability.
For example, let's consider a scenario where a customer slips and falls in a grocery store due to a wet floor that was not marked or cleaned up promptly. The customer suffers injuries and incurs medical expenses as a result.
In this case, the customer may file a tort claim against the grocery store, alleging negligence. The store could be held liable for failing to maintain a safe environment for its customers and may be required to compensate the injured party for their losses.
Tort law encompasses a wide range of situations, including personal injury claims, product liability, defamation, and more. It serves to protect individuals' rights and provide remedies for the harm caused by others' actions.
(C.) HR automation refers to the use of technology and software applications to streamline and automate various human resource management tasks and processes. It aims to reduce manual effort, enhance efficiency, and improve accuracy in HR operations.
HR automation can encompass a range of functions, including recruitment and applicant tracking, employee onboarding, performance management, payroll processing, benefits administration, and employee data management.
By implementing HR automation, organizations can simplify and expedite routine HR tasks, allowing HR professionals to focus on more strategic and value-added activities.
For example, automated applicant tracking systems can help streamline the recruitment process by sorting and filtering resumes based on predefined criteria, saving time and effort in manual screening. Similarly, automated payroll systems can calculate salaries, deductions, and tax withholdings accurately, reducing errors and ensuring timely and compliant payroll processing.
Overall, HR automation improves efficiency, reduces administrative burden, enhances data accuracy, and enables HR departments to contribute more strategically to organizational goals.
(D.) Diversity in HRM refers to the inclusion and management of individuals from diverse backgrounds, such as different genders, races, ethnicities, ages, religions, sexual orientations, and abilities, within the workforce.
It involves creating an inclusive work environment where all employees are valued, respected, and provided with equal opportunities for growth and development.
Diversity in HRM recognizes that a diverse workforce brings a wide range of perspectives, experiences, and ideas, which can foster innovation, creativity, and better decision-making within an organization.
It involves implementing policies and practices that promote fairness, equity, and inclusivity throughout the employee lifecycle, from recruitment and selection to training and development, performance management, and promotion.
Embracing diversity in HRM goes beyond legal compliance and fosters a culture of inclusivity, where individuals feel comfortable being themselves, regardless of their differences.
It requires organizations to address biases, promote diversity awareness and education, and actively support diversity initiatives to create a harmonious and productive work environment where everyone can thrive.
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ABC Corp has invested in projects with an ROE of 15% and expects an EPS of $5 next year. The company maintains a 60% dividend ratio and the share price is currently $50. After a high level meeting, the company decides to change its dividend policy and invest in new projects with an ROE of 40%. As a result of implementing these decisions, the company's share price jumps to $100. Assuming that there has been no change in the EPS and the rate of return expected by investors remains the same, what is the new dividend ratio?
The new dividend ratio is 100%. This means that the company is now distributing its entire earnings as dividends to shareholders.T
To calculate the new dividend ratio, we need to find the new dividend per share (DPS) and then determine the ratio of DPS to earnings per share (EPS).
Given:
ROE (Return on Equity) = 15%
EPS (Earnings per Share) = $5
Current dividend ratio = 60%
Current share price = $50
New ROE = 40%
New share price = $100
First, we calculate the current DPS:
Dividend per Share (DPS) = Dividend Ratio * EPS
DPS = 0.60 * $5 = $3
Next, we calculate the new DPS using the new share price and the same EPS:
New DPS = New Share Price * Dividend Ratio
Since the rate of return expected by investors remains the same, the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio remains constant. We can use the P/E ratio formula:
P/E ratio = Share Price / EPS
By rearranging the formula, we can calculate the new DPS:
New DPS = P/E ratio * EPS = (New Share Price / EPS) * EPS = New Share Price
Now, we can equate the two expressions for New DPS:
New Share Price = New Share Price * Dividend Ratio
Simplifying, we find:
1 = Dividend Ratio
Therefore, the new dividend ratio is 100%. This means that the company is now distributing its entire earnings as dividends to shareholders.
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temporary tax cuts enacted by congress to fight a recession are considered to be:_____.
Temporary tax cuts enacted by Congress to fight a recession are considered part of fiscal policy, which involves government decisions on taxation, expenditure, and borrowing to regulate the economy.
Temporary tax cuts that are enacted by Congress to fight a recession are considered to be fiscal policy.
What is fiscal policy?
Fiscal policy is a policy implemented by the government to regulate a nation's economy. The term "fiscal policy" refers to the government's decisions about taxation, expenditure, and borrowing. The government can use fiscal policy to regulate a nation's economy during times of inflation, recession, and other economic changes.
Temporary tax cuts that are enacted by Congress to fight a recession are considered to be fiscal policy. During a recession, the government can enact temporary tax cuts to increase disposable income, encourage consumer spending, and promote economic growth.
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a portion or part of a population is called a multiple choice tally. random survey. sample. frequency distribution.
A portion or part of a population is called a sample. In research, it is often impossible to study an entire population because of time, money, and other constraints. Instead, researchers select a portion or part of the population called a sample and examine that portion or part of the population.
What is a sample?
A sample refers to the portion or part of the population selected by the researcher to be studied in order to make generalizations about the whole population. A sample should be carefully selected to ensure that it is representative of the population of interest.
The two main types of samples used in research are probability samples and non-probability samples. Probability samples are random samples that are selected using some form of random selection process. This ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
Non-probability samples are samples that are not selected using random selection. Instead, the researcher selects the sample based on some other criterion such as availability or convenience.
Frequency distribution is a method used to organize data into groups or classes and show how many times each group or class occurs. It is a way of summarizing data and making it easier to understand. A tally is a count of the number of times something occurs, while a random survey is a survey that uses random sampling to select participants.
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Besides the obvious benefits of increased workplace safety, what are some of the economic effects of these worker protections?
Assume a competitive product market and a competitive labor market for lumber (tree-harvesting) in two different markets in California. In Northern California, the wage rate is $20/hr. But because temperatures are much higher in Southern California, the going wage rate is $25/hour.
Some lumberjacks are willing to endure higher temperatures in Southern California in exchange for a wage premium of $5/hr. Those that prefer more comfortable working conditions earn less but are willing to sacrifice the wage premium for more comfort.
Now suppose that the government mandates a workplace safety condition that requires lumberjacks to take a 20-minute break every hour when temperatures exceed 89 degrees F.
What will be the effect of this rule on the relative wages of lumberjacks in Southern California compared to Northern California? What will be the effect on the non-monetary wages of Southern Californian lumberjacks? (assume lumberjacks can move between the two markets)
From the point of view of Southern Californian lumberjacks, are they better or worse off as a result of this law?
How might this apply to other mandated benefits?
How would mandated paid maternity leave affect the wages and labor market for women?
Regarding mandated paid maternity leave, it can affect the wages and labor market for women in several ways. By requiring employers to provide paid maternity leave, women may have greater job security and financial support during childbirth and early child-rearing.
The mandated workplace safety condition requiring lumberjacks in Southern California to take a 20-minute break every hour when temperatures exceed 89 degrees F is likely to have several effects on the relative wages and non-monetary wages of lumberjacks in Southern California compared to Northern California.
Effect on relative wages: The rule is likely to decrease the wage premium offered to lumberjacks working in Southern California. Since the safety condition reduces the amount of time spent actively working, lumberjacks in Southern California may no longer be willing to endure higher temperatures for the same wage premium of $5/hr. As a result, the wage gap between Southern California and Northern California lumberjacks may decrease or even diminish if the wage premium is eliminated altogether.
Effect on non-monetary wages: The non-monetary wages, or the level of comfort and safety, would likely increase for lumberjacks in Southern California due to the mandated breaks. Lumberjacks who prefer more comfortable working conditions would benefit from the mandatory breaks as it provides them with relief from the high temperatures, potentially leading to improved job satisfaction and overall well-being.
From the perspective of Southern Californian lumberjacks, they may be better off as a result of this law due to the improved non-monetary wages. While their wage premium might decrease, the mandated breaks provide them with increased safety and comfort, which can be valued by individuals who prioritize workplace conditions over higher wages.
Applying this scenario to other mandated benefits, similar considerations can arise. Mandated benefits may impact the relative wages and non-monetary wages of workers, potentially affecting the trade-off between wages and other aspects of employment. It highlights the importance of considering both monetary and non-monetary factors when evaluating the overall well-being and preferences of workers.
Regarding mandated paid maternity leave, it can affect the wages and labor market for women in several ways. By requiring employers to provide paid maternity leave, women may have greater job security and financial support during childbirth and early child-rearing. However, it can also potentially lead to higher labor costs for employers, which might result in adjustments to wages or hiring practices. The specific impacts would depend on factors such as the duration and extent of mandated leave, the availability of substitute workers, and the overall labor market conditions.
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Do you think environmental challenges can create business
opportunities? If
yes or no, justify your answer.
N.B. This is a question for 5 marks, so please elaborate it
nicely.
Yes, environmental challenges can create business opportunities through the development of sustainable solutions and the emergence of new markets driven by consumer demand for eco-friendly products and services.
Environmental challenges such as climate change, resource scarcity, and pollution have prompted a shift towards sustainable practices and increased awareness of the need for environmentally friendly solutions. These challenges have created new markets and opportunities for businesses to develop innovative products and services that address environmental issues.
For example, the demand for renewable energy has led to the growth of the solar and wind power industries, creating job opportunities and driving economic growth. Similarly, the need for sustainable transportation solutions has spurred the development of electric vehicles and associated infrastructure, opening up opportunities for companies in the automotive and energy sectors.
Furthermore, businesses that offer eco-friendly products and services, such as organic food, eco-tourism, and green building materials, have emerged to meet the growing consumer demand for sustainable alternatives. Therefore, environmental challenges can indeed create business opportunities.
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The kinked demand curve model is particularly useful in explaining:
a. "Sticky" costs in oligopolistic markets
b. "Sticky" prices in perfectly competitive markets
c. Flexible prices in perfectly competitive markets
d. Why prices and output are more stable in an oligopoly than in other market structures
The kinked demand curve model is particularly useful in explaining d. Why prices and output are more stable in an oligopoly than in other market structures.
The kinked demand curve model suggests that in an oligopolistic market, firms face a demand curve with a kink at the existing price level. The model assumes that firms in an oligopoly anticipate their rivals' reactions to price changes. The kink in the demand curve arises from the assumption that firms are more reluctant to raise prices compared to lowering prices. If a firm raises its price above the current level, it is expected that rivals will not follow suit, resulting in a significant loss of market share. However, if a firm lowers its price, rivals are likely to match the price reduction, leading to limited gains in market share.
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As the number of stocks in a portfolio is increased:
A. Unique risk decreases B. Market risk decreases C. Unique risk decreases and becomes equal to market risk D. Total risk approaches to zero
As the number of stocks in a portfolio is increased, the correct statement among the given options is C. Unique risk decreases and becomes equal to market risk.
Unique risk, also known as specific risk or unsystematic risk, refers to the risk associated with individual stocks or assets in a portfolio. On the other hand, market risk, also known as systematic risk, is the risk that affects the entire market or a specific segment of it.
By increasing the number of stocks in a portfolio, an investor can achieve diversification. Diversification involves spreading investments across different assets or securities to reduce the impact of individual stock risks on the overall portfolio. As the number of stocks in a portfolio increases, the specific risks associated with individual stocks tend to average out. Consequently, the unique risk of the portfolio decreases.
Moreover, as the portfolio becomes more diversified, the unique risk eventually becomes equal to the market risk. This occurs because the remaining risk in the portfolio is primarily driven by factors that affect the market as a whole, such as economic conditions, political events, or industry trends.
There is no specific calculation involved in this concept. It is a fundamental principle of portfolio theory and risk management.
In conclusion, increasing the number of stocks in a portfolio leads to a reduction in unique risk (specific risk) as the risks associated with individual stocks tend to average out. Eventually, with further diversification, the unique risk becomes equal to the market risk. This principle highlights the importance of diversification in managing portfolio risk and achieving a more stable investment strategy.
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in which of the following scenarios would a contact role be automatically populated by salesforce upon the creation of a new opportunity? (select 2)
In Salesforce, the Contact Role field on an Opportunity record is not automatically populated by default upon the creation of a new Opportunity. The Contact Role field is used to associate specific Contacts with an Opportunity and define their roles or involvement in the sales process.
1) Account/Contact Hierarchy:
If you have a hierarchical relationship set up between Accounts and Contacts, you can configure Salesforce to automatically populate or suggest Contact Roles based on the hierarchy. For example, if a Contact is associated with a specific Account, their role can be automatically assigned or suggested when creating an Opportunity related to that Account.
2) Opportunity Contact Roles:
You can define default Contact Roles for specific Opportunity Stage or Type combinations. When creating an Opportunity with a matching Stage and Type, Salesforce can automatically populate the Contact Role field with the predefined default roles.
3) Opportunity Team:
If you have a predefined Opportunity Team for each Opportunity, you can set up rules to automatically populate Contact Roles based on the members of the Opportunity Team. For example, if a specific user is assigned to the Opportunity Team, their Contact Role can be automatically assigned or suggested when creating a new Opportunity.
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A company delivers its IT services remotely overseas. Which GATS
mode applies to this scenario? *
Mode 2
Mode 3
Mode 4
Mode 1
If a company delivers its IT services remotely overseas then the mode of GATS that applies here is Mode 1. So, the correct option is D. Mode 1.
The GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services) consists of four different modes of delivery, which are as follows:
Mode 1: Cross-border supply of services
Mode 2: Consumption abroad
Mode 3: Commercial presence
Mode 4: Presence of natural persons
The given scenario pertains to a company that delivers its IT services remotely overseas. In this situation, the mode of delivery that applies is Mode 1. Mode 1 is the mode of delivery that involves cross-border supply of services. In other words, it pertains to situations where a service is provided from one country to another, without the service supplier physically moving to the client’s country or having a commercial presence there.
In the given scenario, the company is remotely providing IT services to clients located in a different country. Thus, the mode of delivery that applies here is Mode 1.
Mode 2 would apply if the company had moved to the client’s country to deliver services there. Mode 3 would apply if the company had established a commercial presence in the client’s country, such as a branch or subsidiary. Mode 4 would apply if the company had sent its employees to the client’s country to deliver the services.
Therefore, if a company delivers its IT services remotely overseas then the mode of delivery that applies here is Mode 1. So, the correct option is D. Mode 1.
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Typical buyers of bonds include all of the following except
________.
Question options:
pension funds
medium- to large-sized banks
mutual funds
governments in need of funds
Typical buyers of bonds include pension funds, medium- to large-sized banks, mutual funds, and governments in need of funds. However, the exception among these options would be governments in need of funds.
Governments in need of funds are not typically buyers of bonds but rather issuers of bonds. When governments need to finance their activities or fund infrastructure projects, they often issue bonds to raise capital from investors. These bonds are then purchased by various entities such as pension funds, banks, mutual funds, and individual investors.
Pension funds, as institutional investors, often invest a portion of their assets in bonds to generate income and diversify their portfolios. Medium- to large-sized banks may also invest in bonds as part of their asset management activities or to meet regulatory requirements. Mutual funds pool money from individual investors to invest in a variety of assets, including bonds, to achieve specific investment objectives.
In contrast, governments in need of funds issue bonds to borrow money from the market and attract investors who are seeking fixed-income investments. These investors, such as the ones mentioned above, buy these bonds to lend money to the government and earn interest on their investments.
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